Ministry of Defence

Defence Standard 02-304 Part 2

Issue 2 Publication Date 19 August 2002

Shafting Systems and Propulsors

Part 2
Design Requirements for Main Propulsion
Shafting Auxiliaries

Category 2

AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION

AMD NO

DATE OF
ISSUE

TEXT AFFECTED

SIGNATURE &
DATE

Revision Note
This Issue of this Standard has been prepared to incorporate changes to text and presentation.
The technical content has been updated in line with current practice.
Historical Record
Def Stan 02-304 Part 2 Issue 1
NES 304 Part 2, Issue 2
NES 304 Part 2, Issue 1
GMES 65 (PART)
GMES 5 (PART)
GMES 2 (PART)
GMES 1 (PART)

1 April 2000
October 1989

DEFENCE STANDARD 02304

SHAFTING SYSTEMS AND PROPULSORS
PART 2 ISSUE 2
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR
MAIN PROPULSION SHAFTING AUXILIARIES

This Defence Standard is

authorized for use in MOD contracts
by the Defence Procurement Agency and
the Defence Logistics Organisation

Published by:
Defence Procurement Agency,
An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence,
UK Defence Standardization,
Kentigern House,
65 Brown Street,
Glasgow, G2 8EX.
1

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
SCOPE
1.

Defence Standard (Def Stan) 304 Part 2 specifies the design requirements for shafting
auxiliaries fitted in HM Surface Ships and Submarines. It also defines the environmental
conditions under which shafting auxiliaries must operate and remain fully functional.

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
FOREWORD
Sponsorship
1.

This Defence Standard (Def Stan) is sponsored by the Defence Logistics Organisation (DLO),
Ministry of Defence (MOD).

2.

It is to be applied as required by any DLO contract for Main Propulsion Shafting

Auxiliariesbearings, brakes, glands, seals, etc.

3.

The complete Def Stan 02304:

Shafting Systems and Propulsors comprises:
Part 1:

Design Requirements for Main Propulsion Shafting;

Part 2:

Design Requirements for Main Propulsion Shafting Auxiliaries;

Part 3:

Manufacturing and Detail Design Requirements for Propulsors;

Part 4:

Requirements for Repair of Main Propulson Shafting;

Part 5:

Requirements for the Handling, Maintenance and Repair of Propellers for HM

Surface Ships.

4.

Any user of this standard either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it.
Proposals for amendments that are not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be made
to the publishing authority identified on Page 1, and those directly applicable to a particular
contract are to be dealt with using existing departmental procedures.

5.

If it is found to be unsuitable for any particular requirement, MOD is to be informed in writing

of the circumstances.

6.

No alteration is to be made to this standard except by the issue of an authorized amendment.

7.

Unless otherwise stated, reference in this Def Stan to approval, approved, authorized and similar
terms means by the MOD in writing.

8.

Any significant amendments that may be made to this standard at a later date will be indicated by
a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line interval.

9.

This standard has been reissued because of technical update.

Conditions of Release
General

10.

This standard has been devised solely for the use of the MOD, and its contractors in the execution
of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the MOD hereby excludes all liability
whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, liability resulting from
negligence) for any loss or damage however caused when the standard is used for any other
purpose.

11.

This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or third
party rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission of the
MOD.

12.

The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this standard without consulting
or informing any holder.
3

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
MOD Tender or Contract Process
13.

This Defence Standard is the property of the Crown. Unless otherwise authorized in writing by
the MOD it must be returned on completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in
connection with which it is issued.

14.

When this standard is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user is to ensure that
he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents,
relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made to the
authority named in the tender or contract.

15.

When Defence Standards are incorporated into MOD contracts, users are responsible for their
correct application and for complying with contractual and any other statutory requirements.
Compliance with an Defence Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Categories of Defence Standards

16.

The Category of this Def Stan has been determined using the following criteria:
a.

Category 1. If not applied may have a Critical affect on the following:

Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties.
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment.

b.

Category 2. If not applied may have a Significant affect on the following:

Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties.
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment.
Through life costs and support.

c.

Category 3. If not applied may have a Minor affect on the following:

MOD best practice and fleet commonality.
Corporate Experience and Knowledge.
Current support practice.

Related Documents
17.

In the tender and procurement processes the related documents listed in each section and Annex
A can be obtained as follows:
a.

British Standards

British Standards Institution,

389 Chiswick High Road,
London, W4 4AL.

b.

Defence Standards,

Defence Procurement Agency,

An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence,
UK Defence Standardization,
Kentigern House,
65 Brown Street,
Glasgow, G2 8EX.

c.

Other documents

Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.

18.

All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant MOD
Invitation to Tender or Contract number and date, together with the sponsoring Directorate and
the Tender or Contract Sponsor.

19.

Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant
documentation, including specifications, standards and drawings.
4

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
Health and Safety
Warning
20.

This standard may call for the use of processes, substances and/or procedures that may be injurious
to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in no way
absolves either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to health and safety at
any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those quoted may not
necessarily be exhaustive.

21.

This standard has been written, and is to be used, taking into account the policy stipulated in
JSP 430 MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook.
Additional Information
(There is no relevant information included)

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
CONTENTS
Page No
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Sponsorship

............................................................... 3

Conditions of Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Categories of Defence Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
SECTION

1.

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

SECTION

2.

NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS . . . . . . . . 8

SECTION

3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.7
3.4.8
3.4.9

MILITARY STANDARDS/REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacture, Installation and Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Limits and Fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

SECTION

4.
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS/GUIDANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Main Shaft Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stern Tube and Bracket Bearing Barrels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stern Tube and Bracket Bearing Bushes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stern Tube and Bracket Bearings Preferred Types and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alternative Bearing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bearing Length/Diameter Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Length to Diameter Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bearing Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bearing Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bearing Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plummer Bearings General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10
10
10
10
10

4.1.5
4.1.6
Table 4.1
4.1.7
Table 4.2
4.1.8
4.1.9
4.1.10

11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)

4.1.11
4.1.12
4.1.13
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
4.4.3
4.4.4
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.5.4
4.5.5
4.6
4.7
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.8
4.8.1
4.8.2
4.9
4.9.1
4.9.2

Page No
Seatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Plummer Bearing Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Design Requirements Bulkhead Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
HM Surface Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Stern Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
General Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Design Requirements for HM Surface Ship Stern Seals . . . . 17
Design Requirements for Submarine Stern Seals . . . . . . . . . 17
Design Requirements for Soft Packed Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Shaft Brake and Locking Gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Shaft Brake General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Shaft Locking Gear - General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Thrust Block Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Seatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Thrustmeter/Resonance Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Trailing Thrust Bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Thrustmeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Resonance Changers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Design Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Shaft Earthing and Cathodic Protection Devices . . . . . . . . 23
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Interface Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Shaft Interface for Shaft Driven Auxiliaries . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

SECTION

5.
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3

CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE . . . . .

Special Service Air Transfer Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Design Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ANNEX

A.

RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

ANNEX

B.

ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

ANNEX

C.

PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

24
24
24
25
25

ALPHABETICAL INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
1.

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
This Defence Standard contains no Performance Specification information.

2.

NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS
This Defence Standard contains no national/International Regulations information.

3.

MILITARY STANDARDS/REQUIREMENTS
Related Documents: BS EN 20286 Parts 1 and 2; BS EN 1563; BS 1134; BS 1916;
Def Stan 02352; Def Stan 02362; Def Stan 02722; Def Stan 02723; Def Stan
02745; Def Stan 02772; Def Stan 02863; Def Stan 08123; EN-GJS-350-22; see also
Annex A.

3.1

Environmental Conditions
a.

3.2

3.3

For HM Surface Ships the conditions in which the equipment must operate are
defined in Def Stan 08123.

Drawings
a.

Drawings are to be prepared in accordance with Def Stan 02722.

b.

In addition to the Datum Pack drawings the Contractor is to supply one

as made process master of equipment drawings specified by Defence
Procurement Agency (DPA).

Materials
a.

Where specific materials are required they are specified in the relevant equipment
section. Where materials are not specified, then the material chosen by the designer
is to meet all requirements of this standard.

b.

When a material is specified it is not intended to preclude the use of an alternative,

or the introduction of a new material which is equally or more suitable, but any
change requires DPA approval.

c.

Ferrous and non-ferrous castings of components are to conform to the requirements

of Def Stan 02745 and Def Stan 02863. Cast iron is not to be used for any
equipment or fittings, except that nodular cast iron to BS EN 1563 and
EN-GJS-350-22 may be used where approved by MOD(N).

d.

Materials which constitute a fire hazard or can emit toxic fumes are not to be used in
machinery spaces.

e.

The Contractor is normally to supply all materials and components needed for the
manufacture including NATO codified items. Any component ancillary
assemblies, which it is proposed to supply for embodiment in the equipment, will
be stated in the contract documents.

3.4

Manufacture, Installation and Trials

3.4.1

General
a.

All materials are to be in accordance with the relevant approved Material

Specifications. The standard of inspection throughout the construction of the
8

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
equipment and its component parts shall ensure that the specified material,
accuracy, finish and cleanliness are achieved. Any process which is the subject of a
process specification is to conform to it.
3.4.2

Welding
a.

3.4.3

Seating
a.

3.4.4

3.4.6

a.

All exposed fittings and surfaces must resist the accumulation of dirt and water and
are to be polished or treated to require the minimum of attention.

b.

All bright machine parts are to be of corrosion resistant material or suitably rust
proofed.

c.

Surface finish is to be specified in accordance with BS 1134.

d.

Where the surface finish of mating parts is important, as with rotary oil seals, the
required finish must be given on the drawings of both mating components. (See BS
1134).

Marking

Testing of equipment covered by this Defence Standard is to be in accordance with

Def Stan 02362.

Installation
a.

3.4.9

Each equipment and, where stipulated, its associated assemblies and

sub-assemblies, are to be fitted with identification and modification plates
conforming to Def Stan 02723.

Testing
a.

3.4.8

All machinery is to be manufactured to the tolerances specified on the drawing.

Tolerances are to conform to BS 1916 using the hole basis with unilateral
tolerancing and using the preferred fits given in BS EN 20286 Parts 1 and 2.

Finish

a.

3.4.7

Support surfaces of seatings are to be machined to suit the feet of the equipment
after the seating has been permanently installed in the ship.

Limits and Fits

a.

3.4.5

Welding is to conform to Def Stan 02772.

The shipbuilder is responsible for the satisfactory installation and alignment of all
equipment covered by this standard.

Trials
a.

Shipboard and sea trials are to be conducted in accordance with Def Stan 02352.
9

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
4.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS/GUIDANCE
Related Documents: BS EN 20286 Part 2; BS 1134; Def Stan 02304 Part 1; Def Stan
02704; Def Stan 02747; Def Stan 02791; Def Stan 02839; Def Stan 02849; see also
Annex A.

4.1

Main Shaft Bearings

4.1.1

General
a.

b.
4.1.2

The function of propeller shaft bearings is to support and align the main shaft. The
following bearing arrangements may be used:
(1)

Bracket bearings outboard, plummer bearings inboard;

(2)

As (1) with a stern tube bearing in way of the hull penetration;

(3)

As (2) with the stern tube extended to include the bracket bearing or bearings.

Each bearing is to be capable of refit by replacement with the shaft and propulsor
in-situ.

Stern Tube and Bracket Bearing Barrels

a.

The design of bracket bearing barrels is the responsibility of the ship designer and
must meet the following requirements:
(1) The position of bracket barrels is to be in accordance with the shaft alignment
requirements designed in Def Stan 02304 Part 1;
(2) The size of the barrels, the position of their support arms, rope guards or
fairing pieces fitted on the bracket ends, are to give an acceptable water flow into
the propeller and through the bracket bearings;
(3) The barrel bore diameter is to be compatible with the outer diameters of the
bearing bush and the shaft withdrawal arrangements;
(4) Barrels are to be slope bored unless the product of bearing length and shaft
slope is small compared to the bearing radial clearance;
(5) Barrel bores are to be machined to BS EN 20286 Part 2 grade H9 with a
surface finish to BS 1134 grade N6;
(6) The barrel is to be fitted with a poker-type weardown gauge which can be
used when the ship is afloat if necessary by a diver;
(7) Arrangements are to be made for filling the spaces between the lands of the
bearing bushes and the stern tube or bracket barrel, with a preservative to exclude
water and prevent corrosion.

b.

4.1.3

Stern tube barrels are built into the ship structure and are to be supported
longitudinally along the length containing the bearing bush or bushes. The design
of stern tube barrels is the responsibility of the ship designer.

Stern Tube and Bracket Bearing Bushes

a.

For outboard bracket bearings the bearing bush is to extend the full length of the
bearing barrel, while for stern tube bearings, the bush need only be long enough to
provide the required bearing surface.
10

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
b.

The bush is to:

(1) Be made from Nickel Aluminium Bronze (Ni Al Br) to Def Stan 02747 AB2;
(2) Be made in halves with the longitudinal joint inclined 1 in 200 to the axis of
the shaft to facilitate withdrawal. The joint should be inclined downwards towards
the direction of withdrawal (flanged end of bush);
(3) Be provided with fixings for temporary bolts to hold the bearing halves
together during machining;
(4) Be flanged at one end. This flange is to embody bearing location and
securing holes and suitable screwed holes to assist bearing withdrawal. It is also to
be stamp-marked TOP and BOTTOM on the respective halves and on the top
half with the legend TOP HALF TO BE WITHDRAWN FIRST;
(5)

Be bored concentric with the outside diameter;

(6) Have the outer diameter machined in a series of constant steps which are to be
size gauged from the mating barrel bore to give a sliding fit. The length of these
steps is to have an aggregate contact with the barrel of at least one third of the barrel
bore surface area;
(7) Be provided with suitable lifting holes. The holes should be spot faced to
accept collar eye-bolts and stamped locally with the thread diameter and pitch;
(8) Be drilled for a poker-type weardown gauge. In the case of the forward stern
tube bearings, if access to a poker gauge in the bearing bush is not feasible, the
drilling should be located as near to the bearing as possible, e.g. in the stern seal
housing;
(9) Be provided with longitudinal dovetailed grooves for the circumferential
location of the bearing staves or pads unless dovetailed keeper plates are used. As
would be the case with the modified bearing segment profile where the woods are
in two halves for extended bearing life and improved slow speed running
characteristics;
(10) Be provided with split locking rings, one at each end, for the axial location of
the bearing staves or pads.
4.1.4

Stern Tube and Bracket Bearings - Preferred Types and Materials

a.

The preferred types of stern tube and bracket bearing are:

(1)

Multiple rubber stave type;

(2)

Reinforced phenolic resin segmented pad type.

NOTE 1. Reinforced Phenolic Resin (RPR) materials containing asbestos are not to be used
without the express authorization of DPA.
2. Where significant use in shallow waters/sandy conditions is expected, RPR pads are
to be used. Use of rubber, however in these conditions will cause high journal wear.
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4.1.5

b.

The number and spacing of rubber bearing staves are to be based on manufacturers
standard widths and on the lubrication requirements. The total length is to be made
up from standard lengths or cut from standard strips after allowance has been made
for expansion of the rubber under load. The segments should be inserted so that the
butts in adjacent rows are offset. The manufacturer is to provide a specification of
his product sufficiently detailed to fully define materials and properties which
affect bearing performance.

c.

The number, subtended angles and spacing of RPR bearing pads are to be based on
the lubrication requirements and on the requirements of length to diameter ratio and
bearing pressure specified in Clauses 4.1.6a and 4.1.7a . The total length of the
bearing material may be built up from standard lengths as supplied by the
manufacturer. The end length is to be cut, as necessary, after allowance has been
made for expansion of the pad material when immersed in water.

Alternative Bearing Materials

a.

Oil lubricated white metal stern tube bearings may be used if the lead shipbuilder
has evidence of improved suitability for the specified duty. Oil lubricated white
metal stern tube bearings are to conform with all the requirements of Clause 4.1.3b
except that:
(1) The bush material is to be cast steel to Def Stan 02849 and the white metal in
the bush bore is to be to Def Stan 02839;
(2) Seals are to be provided fore and aft of the bearing to prevent ingress of water
and loss of lubricant. Consideration should be given to provision of back-up
seals to ensure that oil is not lost to sea in order to comply with current pollution
regulations.

4.1.6

Bearing Length/Diameter Ratio

a.

The bearing length to diameter (L/D) ratio is to be kept to a minimum and should
not exceed those in Table 4.1.

b.

Before exceeding the ratios in Table 4.1 to keep bearing pressures within their
prescribed limits, consideration is to be given to increasing the shaft diameter
within the bearing. The effect of this increase must however, be acceptable to the
overall shaft design.
Bearing Location
Main `A' Bracket
Inter `A' and `P' Bracket
Stern Tube with no A/P Bracket
Stern Tube with A/P Bracket

Maximum L/D Ratio

RPR

White Metal

Rubber

1.5

1.5

Table 4.1 Length to Diameter Ratio

4.1.7

Bearing Pressures
a.

Bearing pressures are to be calculated by dividing the shaft load within the bearings
by the projected area of the bearing surface. Due account is to be taken of dynamic
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loading and alignment when considering bearing pressures. The pressures are not
to exceed those given in Table 4.2.
RPR

5.5 bar

Oil Lubricated White Metal

2.8 bar

Rubber

2.6 bar

Table 4.2 Bearing Pressures

4.1.8

Bearing Clearance
a.

4.1.9

4.1.10

4.1.11

The bearing design diametral clearance, the maximum allowable clearance and the
minimum permissible thickness of material remaining after wear are to be in
accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. For water lubricated
bearings the diametral clearance achieved during initial assembly must include the
manufacturers recommended allowance for swelling after immersion. Reduced
clearances are permissible where authorised by DPA.

Lubrication
a.

Hydrodynamic lubrication is a function of shaft surface velocity (V) and bearing

pressure (p) related to the bearing material and geometry. It is desirable that it is
achieved and maintained throughout the shaft speed range and the bearing
manufacturer should provide information to establish the minimum hydrodynamic
velocity/pressure (V/p) ratio.

b.

At low shaft speeds consideration may have to be given to reducing bearing

pressures and/or increasing shaft rubbing speeds by increasing the bearing
diameter locally. This however, will depend upon the overall shaft design.

c.

Rubber and reinforced phenolic resin stern tube bearings are to be lubricated with a
sea water supply taken from the sea water main or from a circulating pump at the
pressure, flow and cleanliness parameters defined in the SRD.

Plummer Bearings General

a.

Plummer bearings can be either bulkhead-mounted or of the pedestal type and must
be positioned in accordance with the requirements of Def Stan 02304 Part 1.

b.

Bulkhead bearings are to be attached by a circular spigotted flange to a seat built out
from the bulkhead. Pedestal bearings are to be base or centre supported on a ship
structure seat.

c.

Plummer bearing assemblies may incorporate a moveable spherical housing to

accommodate initial shaft operational misalignment and shock.

d.

Plummer bearings are to be able to operate normally when submerged in sea water
to a depth of 5 m for at least 48 hours or as required in the SRD.

Seatings
a.

The design of plummer bearing seatings is the responsibility of the ship designer
who is to take account of the shaft designers requirements.
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4.1.12

b.

Bulkhead-mounted bearings are to be mounted normal to the longitudinal axis of

the shaft, as close to the supporting bulkhead as possible, and in such a way as to
form an acceptable bulkhead seal.

c.

Arrangements are to be provided for temporary shaft support during bearing refit,
and for seating(s) in way of each plummer bearing for the hydraulic jack(s) used in
measuring bearing loads.

d.

All seatings and bearing securing arrangements are to conform to the shock
requirements specified in the SRD.

Plummer Bearing Types

a.

4.1.13

The preferred type of bearing is the hydrodynamic, oil lubricated type.

Alternatively a rolling contact type of bearing may be used if required by a special
duty.

Design Requirements
a.

Hydrodynamic bearings are to:

(1) Be white metal lined to Def Stan 02839, either plain journal or pivot pad
type;
(2) Be built of a number of identical segments arranged symmetrically about the
vertical plane;
(3)

Have a self-contained lubrication system unless specified otherwise;

(4)

Have adequate sealing against loss of lubricant;

(5)

Be provided with a dipstick to measure the static and running oil levels;

(6) Be provided with a thermometer pocket for an approved glass bulb

thermometer for local observations;
(7) Be provided with at least one bearing pad with a thermocouple to allow
continuous monitoring of pad temperature by the ships in-built monitoring
system;
(8)

Have suitable connections and passageways for sea water cooling;

(9) Be provided with a hole in the top bearing casing for fitting a temporary
micrometer poker-type weardown gauge. This hole will normally be plugged;
(10) Be long enough to ensure hydrodynamic lubrication at and above minimum
service speed subject to a maximum bearing pressure of 10 bar and a maximum L/D
ratio of 1:1;
(11) Plummer bearing casings are to be either steel castings to Def Stan 02849 or
fabricated from steel to Def Stan 02791.
b.

Rolling contact bearings are to be:

(1)

Of the fully floating expansion type;

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(2)

Supplied as a self-contained units;

(3) Assembled with the inner race firmly clamped to the shaft and positioned
centrally in the outer race which is to be attached rigidly to the ships structure;
(4)

Grease lubricated with adequate sealing against loss of lubricant;

(5) Fitted with a spring loaded, micrometer graduated, bearing position

indicator, to monitor bearing axial drift.

4.2

Design Requirements Bulkhead Glands

4.2.1

General
a.

4.2.2

HM Surface Ships
a.

4.2.3

The function of a bulkhead gland is to provide a water seal where the main shaft
passes through a main bulkhead. It is fitted where the bulkhead seal is not formed
by a bulkhead mounted plummer bearing.

The type of bulkhead gland to be fitted in HM Surface Ships will be decided by the
lead shipbuilder to meet the SRD.

Submarines
a.

In Submarines the bulkhead gland is to be a soft packed or lip seal gland type which
is to be watertight up to the design pressure of the bulkhead.

b.

The design is to allow for the gland to be removed for refit with the shaft in-situ and
the size of the remaining bulkhead aperature is to be in accord with the shaft
withdrawal arrangements.

4.3

Stern Seals

4.3.1

General
a.

The function of the stern seal is to eliminate or reduce to a minimum the ingress of
water into the vessel where the propeller shaft penetrates the hull.

b.

Stern seals generally comprise:

(1)

A stationary housing attached to the hull and surrounding the propeller shaft;

(2) An inner annulus, usually the shaft sleeve, attached to and rotating with the
shaft;
(3)

Sealing elements interposed between the housing and the inner annulus.

c.

Stern seals are to be of the axially directed face type. Soft packed glands are to be
used only when specified in the SRD.

d.

In cases where a manually operated soft packed gland is specified in conjunction

with a face type seal, the soft packed gland is for emergency use only, but its design
is to conform to the requirements of this standard.
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4.3.2

General Design Requirements

a.

Stern seals are to be designed to limit the ingress of sea water to 25 litres/hour. This
leakage rate is to be achieved under the most adverse conditions with the shaft
rotating in either direction at any speed between zero and the maximum speed
specified in the SRD. If the leakage rate reaches 10 times the design leakage rate the
seal is to be considered to have failed.

b.

Each stern seal assembly is to incorporate an air-operated inflatable seal at its aft
end to allow maintenance and repair to be carried out without the need for docking
the vessel. Permanent facilities are to be provided for inflation of this seal and its
design is to be such that it is clear of the shaft when not in use. The required air
pressure for operation of the inflatable seal is to be specified by the seal designer.

c.

Stern seals must function under all specified shaft misalignments including those
encountered between new and fully worn outboard bearings.

d.

Stern seals are to be designed to allow refit of the sealing and other wearing
elements with the shaft in place.

e.

Secondary sealing by O rings or other elastomeric means is to be provided at all

circumferential and radial joints and interfaces which may constitute a leakage
path.

f.

Where elastomeric seals are fitted with loose ends to comply with the
requirements of Clause 4.3.2d the loose ends are to be bonded together after
fitting to form an unsplit seal.

g.

Where the seal housing assembly includes both radial and longitudinal joints, the
longitudinal joints of adjacent housing components are to be displaced from one
another to eliminate a direct leakage path.

h.

Stern seals are to be designed to accommodate all axial, transverse and angular
shaft movements during normal operation and under shock conditions, as defined
in the SRD without damage or loss in efficiency.

i.

Where the rotating components of face-type seals are fitted to the shaft sleeve with
positive means of axial location, such as by grooves machined in the sleeve, means
are to be provided for adjusting the relative axial positions of the rotating and
non-rotating components during assembly.

j.

The shaft sleeve is to extend axially forward and aft of the complete seal housing
assembly including the soft packaged gland housing and splashguard where fitted.
The shaft sleeve is to extend far enough forward to allow visual inspection of the
shaft/sleeve interface at any time. A thrower ring may be fitted to the sleeve to
prevent leakage water reaching this interface.

k.

A supply of filtered sea water is to be arranged for lubrication and cooling of the
rubbing surfaces. The seal design is to be such that it is to be capable of operation
with an unfiltered supply of sea water direct from the sea on failure of the filtered
supply.

l.

The materials used for the construction of stern seals are to be selected to minimize
corrosion and wear and in particular to minimize crevice corrosion in the region of
secondary sealing arrangements.
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4.3.3

4.3.4

4.3.5

Design Requirements for HM Surface Ship Stern Seals

a.

Stern seals for HM Surface Ships are to be of the mechanical face type or of the
elastomeric face type. Unless otherwise specified, only a single sealing face is
required.

b.

Where the seal is of the elastomeric face type the seal housing is to incorporate a
spare sealing element not in use.

c.

Stern seals for HM Surface Ships are to be designed to operate with a cooling water
supply pressure of 1.4 bar. The required flow and standard of filtration are to be
stated by the seal designer.

Design Requirements for Submarine Stern Seals

a.

Stern seals for Submarines are to incorporate two sealing elements of the partially
balanced mechanical face type in tandem, one working and one idling. The forward
seal will be working in normal operation. The design is to be such that the aft
element can be brought into use as the working element when required. Other types
of seal will be considered if they can be proved to provide the same degree of
integrity, e.g. shock and duty.

b.

Stern seals for Submarines are to be designed to operate with a cooling water supply
pressure equal to the Depth Dependent Systems Test Pressure (DDSTP) as defined
in the SRD. The required flow and standard of filtration are to be specified by the
seal designer.

c.

The seal designer is to submit calculations to demonstrate that the elastic behaviour
of the mechanical face type seal components, when subjected to any sea water
pressure up to the DDSTP as defined in the SRD, is such as to achieve satisfactory
face control throughout the operational range of the Submarine.

d.

The inflatable seal in Submarine stern seals is to operate effectively when the seal is
immersed to a depth of 10 m.

e.

Stern seals for Submarines are to incorporate a manually operated soft packed
gland, capable of the duty specified in the SRD, in addition to and forward of the
mechanical face type seals for use in emergency on failure of the mechanical face
type seals.

f.

The housings for Submarine mechanical face type stern seals are to be designed
with no horizontal joint and are to meet the requirements, including shock duty, of
components attached to the Submarine pressure hull as defined in the SRD.

Design Requirements for Soft Packed Glands

a.

Soft packed glands are to consist of a stuffing box and gland ring. Lantern rings are
to be provided, where necessary, for the admission of lubricant.

b.

A choke ring type emergency seal should be fitted between the packed gland and
forward main shaft seal if specified in the SRD.

c.

The dimensions of soft packed glands are to permit the use of metric naval store
standard packings wherever possible.
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d.

Gland studs are not to be screwed into blind tapped holes. The gland is to be
provided with adjusting nuts by which the axial position of the gland ring can be
adjusted to tighten or loosen the gland packing. The gland is to be provided with
stops to prevent excessive withdrawal of the gland ring in service. The gland is to be
capable of adjustment with the shaft rotating or stationary.

e.

Where a manually operated soft packed gland is specified as the principal stern seal,
it is to be provided with an adjusting mechanism to ensure equal and simultaneous
rotation of the gland ring adjusting nuts by means of worm or tooth drives. The
adjusting mechanism is to be designed to tighten the gland by clockwise rotation of
the manual drive input.

f.

Adequate clearance is to be provided adjacent to each gland to allow the gland ring
to be withdrawn completely over the gland bolts to allow access for the extraction
of packing from the bottom of the gland.

g.

Where a soft packed gland is specified for emergency use only, it is to be designed
to enable the clearance between the gland packing and the shaft sleeve to be
checked when the gland is not is use, and to avoid fouling the shaft under normal
shaft movement, e.g. bearing weardown, etc.

4.4

Shaft Brake and Locking Gear

4.4.1

Shaft Brake General

a.

The function of the shaft brake is to slow down and restrain the shaft whilst the ship
is being manoeuvred at slow speed and to hold the shaft while the shaft locking gear
is being engaged.

b.

The shaft brake is to be of the disc caliper type. This is to have a rotating disc fitted
either between adjacent shaft flanges or on the forward end of the main gear wheel
shaft. Friction pads are to be arranged in pairs, one on either side of the disc, and
these are to be held in caliper assemblies supported from the ships structure. The
brake is to be operated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure which forces the captive
pads against the rotating disc. There is to be no resultant movement of the shaft
when the brake is applied, i.e. movement of the pads is to be symmetrical.

c.

The following information must be supplied to the brake manufacturer:

(1)

Maximum shaft speed at which brake will be applied;

(2)

Maximum stopping time required;

(3)

Inertia torque of the rotating system;

(4)

Engine drive torque during application;

(5)

Trailing propeller torque;

(6)

Expected frequency of application;

(7) Relative displacement between disc and pads due to shaft movements during
normal operation and during underwater shock.
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4.4.2

Design Requirements
a.

The shaft brake is to be:

(1)

Easy to operate;

(2)

Designed with automatic pad wear adjustment;

(3)

Provided with primary and secondary operating air or hydraulic services;

(4) Provided with controls to prevent misuse and to keep torque build-up, torque
decay and energy dissipation within the design limits;

b.
4.4.3

4.4.4

(5)

Able to operate normally in a depth of sea water of 5 m;

(6)

Designed so that in the event of a controls failure the brake is OFF;

(7)

Designed for refit by replacement with the shaft in-situ.

In installations where the brake duties are moderate, drum brakes or hand operated
band brakes may be used subject to the approval of DPA.

Shaft Locking Gear - General

a.

The function of the propeller shaft locking gear is to immobilize the shaft whilst the
ship is underway - either powered by its remaining shaft(s) or being towed - and
during shaft maintenance or inspection.

b.

The locking gear is to be made integral with the main turning gear or incorporated
in the shaft brake housing but it must be capable of independent operation.

c.

If locking the shaft through the turning gear involves risk to the gearing, especially
when the ship is underway, then an alternative locking arrangement is to be made by
providing a mechanical tie between the shaft and the ships structure.

Design Requirements
a.

The locking gear is to be easy to apply with the shaft in any position and must hold
the shaft and gearing stationary against at least 50 per cent of the full power ahead
torque.

4.5

Thrust Block Bearings

4.5.1

General
a.

The function of a thrust block is to transmit propeller thrust to the hull of the ship
and to control shaft axial movement.

b.

The thrust block may be integral with the main gearbox of propulsion machinery or
independently mounted on the ships structure.

c.

Independently mounted thrust blocks may incorporate a main shaft bearing of the
plain or pivoted pad type. This bearing is to satisfy all the plummer bearing
requirements specified in Clause 4.1.
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4.5.2

d.

Temporary support of the thrust shaft is needed during assembly, transport and
storage and shaft alignment where the thrust block has only one or no journal
bearings.

e.

Any thrust block positioned adjacent to a flexible main shaft coupling is to have a
journal bearing fitted forward of the thrust collar.

Seatings
a.

Thrust block seatings are the responsibility of the ship designer who must take
account of the requirements of the shaft designer and thrust block manufacturer for
rigidity and securing arrangements.

b.

The ship designer is to supply the thrust block manufacturer with the following
information:
(1)

Conditions of axial thrust and associated shaft speeds;

(2)

An indication of whether the axial thrust condition is continuous or transient;

(3)

Preferred grade of lubricating oil to be used in the block;

(4) Any other relevant information such as shaft rake and type of mounting
required.
c.

The ship designer will then obtain from the thrust block manufacturer:
(1) A graph of righting moment versus running misalignment between collar
and pads. Righting moment is defined as being that moment developed by the
hydrodynamic oil film generated at the tilting thrust pads and resisting a bending
moment applied at the thrust collar;
(2) The maximum allowable running misalignment between collar and pads
measured across the collar diameter;
(3)

4.5.3

An estimate of the rotation which occurs within the casing of the thrust block.

d.

The ship designer is to calculate the thrust collar rotational stiffness for the shaft
configuration and using the righting moment (obtained from graph described in
Clause 4.5.2c (1)) is then to calculate thrust collar rotation. Thrust collar rotation is
defined as the misalignment of the thrust collar relative to the shaft centre-line
when subject to a moment about an axis perpendicular to the shaft axis.

e.

The resultant misalignment of the thrust collar relative to the thrust pads, which is
the algebraic sum of the thrust collar rotation and the deflection of the seating and
casing, must not exceed the maximum running misalignment as defined in Clause
4.5.2c (2).

Design Requirements
a.

The thrust block is to:

(1) Be lubricated from the ships main machinery lubrication system unless
specified otherwise in the SRD. Where the thrust block is lubricated from the main
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forced lubrication system, the supply is to enter at the bottom of the casing and exit
from the top of the casing then be led via a closed sight flow indicator to the drain
tank;
(2) Operate normally when submerged to a depth of 5 m of sea water for at least
48 hours or as may be required in the SRD;
(3) Be provided with seals to prevent ingress of water and loss of lubricant. The
seals selected are to be of a type which will cause minimum wear on the shaft;
(4) Accept at full power, athwartship and vertical shaft movements as defined in
the SRD;
(5)

Be designed for refit by replacement with the shaft in-situ;

(6)

Be provided with local and remote temperature surveillance equipment;

(7) If a journal bearing is fitted to the thrust block the top casing is to be provided
with a suitable plugged hole to accommodate a temporary, poker type, micrometer
weardown gauge.
b.

In HM Surface Ships, the thrust block is to be designed to withstand 150 per cent
full power thrust as a steady load in both directions and between 150 per cent and
200 per cent for periods up to 15 seconds or as defined in the SRD.

c.

In Submarines, the thrust block is to be designed to withstand the axial component

of shaft and propulsor weight at all permissible angles of trim, when added to the
thrust caused by any of the following conditions:
(1) Hydrostatic thrust at Deep Diving Depth (DDD) plus 180 per cent of full
ahead power propulsive thrust;
(2)

The full astern power propulsive thrust when surfaced;

(3) The resultant of the hydrostatic and propulsive thrusts caused by rotation of
the shaft in either direction at Minimum Collapse Depth (MCD) at any shaft
speed between zero and the shaft speed specified in the SRD. The manufacturer is
to state if jacking oil is required in these conditions.
4.5.4

Thrustmeter/Resonance Changer
a.

4.5.5

The thrust block is to incorporate internal seats, cylinders and oil routes as required
for the installation of a thrust meter and resonance changing equipment.

Trailing Thrust Bearing

a.

Where there is a requirement to trail a shaft that is disconnected from the drive unit
and, for geographical reasons, the break can only be made downstream of the thrust
block, a separate trailing thrust bearing is to be provided. This is to be made integral
with a pedestal plummer bearing in the form of a ring of small thrust pads fitted at
the forward end which work against a trailing thrust collar on the shaft. Bearing
clearances are to be sufficient to render the bearing inoperable during normal
running while ensuring that, in the trailing condition, the axial drift of the shafting
is still acceptable.
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4.6

Thrustmeters
a.

Unless otherwise specified, the thrust blocks in the first ship of any class, are to be
provided with a thrustmeter. Provision is to be made for other ships in the class to be
fitted with a thrustmeter if required.

b.

The thrustmeter is to be capable of measuring continuously the actual thrust of the

shaft when running ahead or astern.

4.7

Resonance Changers

4.7.1

General

4.7.2

a.

Resonance changers are to be fitted to those ships which are fitted with
thrustmeters. Other ships are to be fitted for, but not with, resonance changers.

b.

The function of the resonance changer is to vary the stiffness of the thrust bearing to
attenuate unacceptable vibrations which can occur when the natural frequency of
the propeller shaft coincides with the frequency of the propeller pulsations.

c.

The resonance changer is to consist of a number of oil filled pressure vessels

connected via regulating valves and tuning pipe(s) to the supply line between the
thrust block and a hydraulic control panel.

d.

The control panel is to incorporate a power driven pump which maintains a

continuous oil flow from the reservoir, through the thrustmeter and back, via a shaft
movement limit valve.

e.

The control panel is to be fitted with a hand operated pump to act as backup in the
event of failure of the power driven pump.

f.

The compressive modulus of the oil contained in the pressure vessels provides a
cushion to reduce the thrust bearing effective housing stiffness. The regulating
valves allow the stiffness to be varied to suit all operating conditions.

Design Procedure
a.

The following simplified design procedure is to be followed when selecting

resonance changing equipment:
Let Ao =

Total area of thrust pistons (m2)

Bulk modulus of oil (Ns/m2)

Density of oil (kg/m3)

Ratio of shaft stiffness to oil in resonance changer bottles (0.3)

Dynamic viscosity of oil (Ns/m2)

Ko

Combined stiffness of shaft and thrust block (N/m)

Wc

Natural axial frequency of shaft (rad/s)

Vmin

Minimum volume of oil vessel (m3)

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V

Volume of actual selected oil vessel (m3)

Length of tuning pipe (m)

Pipe bore diameter (m)

dm
NOTE:
(1)

= Minimum diameter of pipe bore (m)

These symbols are used in the following analysis:
Evaluate the minimum oil vessel (standard air bottle) volume from
V min  A o2Bq whereq  0.3
Ko

(2)

Select the largest practical size standard air bottle V such that V Vmin.

(3)

Determine a value for L2 for selected volume V from

d

B

L

d2
4W c 2p`V

(4)

Choose a convenient Length L and diameter d consistent with the value of

L determined above whilst still satisfying

d2
d  dm  8

or
d  dm  8

2

W cp q(6  q  8q  q 2)

1.3

ifq  0.3asrecommended
W cp

If this is not practical repeat with a revised value of V.

4.8

Shaft Earthing and Cathodic Protection Devices

4.8.1

General

4.8.2

a.

The design of shaft earthing and cathodic protection devices is to conform to Def
Stan 02704.

b.

Shaft earthing and cathodic protection devices are to be fitted only when specified
in the SRD or when requested by DPA.

Interface Requirements
a.

The shaft interface unit is to be designed:

(1)

For refit by replacement with the shaft in-situ;

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(2)

To withstand fore aft and angular shaft movements defined in the SRD;

(3)

So that no special setting up or alignment is required;

(4)

To prevent any shaft wear or scuffing at the interface;

(5)

To be submerged in water without causing electrical short circuit;

(6)

So that radiated noise does not interfere with active or passive sonar system;

(7) So that it will not compromise the integrity of the tailshaft inboard protective
coating.

4.9

Shaft Interface for Shaft Driven Auxiliaries

4.9.1

General

4.9.2

a.

Shaft driven auxiliaries are only to be fitted when specified in the SRD or with the
written approval of DPA.

b.

The propeller shaft auxiliary drive is that equipment which attaches around the
shaft to provide the power transfer to the auxiliary machine.

c.

The drive can be gear, chain sprocket or friction belt, and is preferably to be
attached to a shaft flange coupling.

Design Requirements
a.

The auxiliary drive shaft interface unit is to be designed:

(1)

For refit by replacement with the shaft in-situ;

(2)

To withstand fore and aft and angular shaft movements defined in the STR;

(3)

So that no special setting up or alignment is required;

(4)

To prevent any shaft wear or damage;

(5) With a fail-safe device to prevent shaft or gearbox damage in the event of
auxiliary machinery seizure.

5.

CORPORATE KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE

Related Documents: There are no Related Documents in this section.

5.1

Special Service Air Transfer Box

5.1.1

General
a.

Where special service air (Agouti) is required the supply of compressed air is to be
led down the shaft bore to passageways in the propeller hub leading to the propeller
blades. Alternatively the air supply may be taken directly into the propeller hub via
a pipe led down the A-bracket support arm.
24

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)

5.1.2

b.

The function of the air transfer box is to provide a seal between the air supply pipe
and the rotating shaft or hub.

c.

The air transfer box can be arranged to fit over the shafting or at the forward end of
the main gearwheel as appropriate.

d.

The inboard air transfer box is attached around an appropriate shaft coupling flange
which contains radially holes drilled through to the shaft bore. It consists of an
inner sleeve bolted to, and rotating with the flange, and this is surrounded by a
stationary casing into which the compressed air is fed. Between casing and sleeve
are water-lubricated seals which prevent the escape of air.

e.

The outboard air-transfer box is positioned around the shaft between the main
A-bracket and the propeller hub. It consists of an inner sleeve with internal air
passages which is bolted to the propeller hub, and an outer casing anchored to the
A-bracket barrel. Between casing and sleeve there are seals to contain the air
bearings to support the casing.

Design Requirements
a.

(1)

To provide a seal such that the agouti air leakage does not exceed 1 per cent by
volume;

(2)

For refit by replacement with the shaft in-situ;

(3)

To withstand the fore, aft and angular shaft movements defined in the SRD;

(4)

So that no serious shaft wear, scuffing or shaft damage can occur should the
rotating elements seize.

b.

The air box design documentation is to specify all services required such as cooling
water - its supply pressure, flow and cleanliness - and these must be reflected in the
SRD.

c.

Services vital to the air box are to be:

d.

5.1.3

The Agouti air transfer box is to be designed:

(1)

Interlocked with a control system to ensure availability when required;

(2)

Provided with system failed warning devices both local and remote as
necessary.

Inboard air boxes, in addition are to be:

(1)

Designed so that the cooling water contamination of the Agouti air does not
exceed 1 per cent by volume;

(2)

Provided with emergency sealing arrangements to prevent flooding via the

shaft when it is stationary.

Design Information
a.

The following information is to be given to the Contractor when ordering the air
box:
25

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
(1)

Maximum and minimum air pressures as supplied and when self-venting;

(2)

Maximum and minimum air flow and temperature;

(3)

Maximum ahead and astern shaft speed;

(4)

Shaft diameter and flange dimensions;

(5)

Shaft movements.

26

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
ANNEX A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A1. The following documents and publications are referred to in this Defence Standard:
BS EN 1563

Founding, spheroidal graphite cast iron.

BS EN 1564

Founding, Austempered ductile cast irons.

BS EN 20286

ISO system of limits and fits:

Part 1:
Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits;
Part 2:
Tables of standard tolerances, grades and limits
deviations for holes and shafts.

BS 1134

Assessment of Surface Texture:

Part 1:
Methods and Instrumentation;
Part 2:
Guidance and General Information.

BS 1916

Limits and Fits for Engineering:

Part 1:
Limits and tolerances;
Part 2:
Guide to the selection of fits in BS 1916: Part 1;
Part 3:
Recommendations for Tolerances, Limits and Fits for
large diameters.

BS 4500

ISO Limits and Fits:

Part 1:
General Tolerenances and Deviations;
Part 4:
Specification for system of cone (taper) fits for cones
from C = 1:3 to 1:500, lengths from 6 mm to 630 mm;
Part 5:
Specification for system of cone tolerances for conical
workpieces from C = 1:3 to 1:500 and lengths from
6 mm to 630 mm.

ENGJS35022
JSP 430

MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook:

Volume 1: Policy and Guidance on MOD Ship and Equipment
Safety Management.

Def Stan 02-304

(NES 304)

Shafting Systems and Propulsors:

Part 1:
Design Requirements for Main Propulsion Shafting.

Def Stan 02-352

(NES 352)

Second Machinery Inspection and Contractors Sea Trials of

Propulsion Machinery in HM Surface Ships.

Def Stan 02-362

(NES 362)

Type and Production Testing of Mechanical Equipment.

Def Stan 02-704

(NES 704)

Requirements for Cathodic Protection:

Part 1:
Systems General;
Part 2:
Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System;
Part 3:
Sacrificial Anode or Selfenergised System;
Part 4:
Ships Fitting Out, Ships in Refit or Laidup;
Part 5:
General Information on BiMetallic Couples.

Def Stan 02-722

(NES 722)

Requirements for the Preperation, Identification and

Management of Drawings.

27

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
Def Stan 02-723
(NES 723)

Requirements for Marker Plates.

Def Stan 02-745

(NES 745)

Classification, Inspection Requirements and Acceptance

Standards for Castings:
Part 2:
Steel Castings.

Def Stan 02-747

(NES 747)

Requirements for Nickel Aluminium Bronze Castings and Ingots:

Part 1:
Nickel Aluminium Bronze Naval Alloy Centrifugally
Cast;
Part 2:
Nickel Aluminium Bronze Naval Alloy Ingots and
Sand Castings with Welding Permitted to the Wetted
Surface;
Part 3:
Nickel Aluminium Bronze Commercial Alloys Ingots
and Sand Castings;
Part 4:
Nickel Aluminium Bronze Naval Alloy Sand Castings
with Welding Restricted to the NoWetted Surface
(Class 1 and 2) Castings only;
Part 5:
Design and Manufacture of Nickel Aluminium Bronze
Sand Castings
(RestrictedCommercial).

Def Stan 02-772

(NES 772)

Welding of Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metallic Materials.

Def Stan 02-791

(NES 791)

Requirements for Weldable Structural Steels:

Part 1:
Mild SteelPlate Sections and Bars;
Part 2:
Notch Tough Mild SteelPlate;
Part 3:
B Quality Steel Plates and Sections;
Part 4:
BX Quality Steel Plates.

Def Stan 02-839

(NES 839)

Requirements for White Metal Ingots.

Def Stan 02-849

(NES 849)

Steel Castings for Structural, Engineering and Pressure

Purposes.

Def Stan 02-863

(NES 863)
Def Stan 08-123
(NES 1004)

Requirements for the Classification, Dimensions, Tolerances and

General Standards of Acceptance for Copper and Nickel Alloy
Castings.
Requirement for Design and Testing of Equipments to Meet
Environmental Conditions
(UK Restricted).

28

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
ANNEX B.
ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
B1. For the purpose of this Defence Standard the following abbreviations apply:
BR

Book of Reference(s) (as the context requires)

BS

British Standard(s) (as the context requires)

DDD

Deep Diving Depth

DDSTP

Depth Dependent Systems Test Pressure

DLO

Defence Logistics Organisation

DPA

Defence Procurement Agency

HM

Her Majesty

ISO

International Standards Orgasnisation

L/D

length to diameter

metre

mm

millimetre

MCD

Minimum Collapse Depth

MOD

Ministry of Defence

MOD(N)

Ministry of Defence (Navy)

Ni Al Br

Nickel Aluminium Bronze

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

NES

Naval Engineering Standard(s) (as the context requires)

Pressure

RPR

Reinforced Phenolic Resin

SRD

System Requirement Document

SW

Sea Water

Velocity

V/p

Velocity to pressure

B2. For the purpose of the Defence Standard the following definitions apply:
Machinery

All propeller shafts, propulsors and shafting auxiliaries aft

of the main gearing output flange. Equipments such as
thrust blocks, which sometimes form part of the main
gearbox, are also included.

29

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
ANNEX C.
PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST
Notes:
1.

This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Defence Standard are consulted
when preparing a procurement specification for a particular application.

2.

Clauses where a preference for an option is to be used or where specific data are to be added
are included in the Check List.

3.

Each item is to be marked either:

 = included
NA = not applicable

Check
No.

Check

Clause No.

Specify `as made' process masters to be supplied by

contractor.

3.2.b

List ancillary assemblies to be supplied by MOD.

3.3e

Define pressure flow and cleanliness parameters for sea

water supply to sterntube bearings.

Specify submergence requirement for plummer bearings.

4.1.10d

Specify shock requirements for plummer bearing

seatings.

4.1.11d

Specify type of stern seal.

4.3.1c

Define shaft movements for stern seals.

4.3.2h

Specify No of sealing faces for HM Surface Ship stern

seals.

4.3.3a

Define requirements for components attached to

submarine pressure hull.

4.3.4f

10

Supply design information to shaft brake manufacturer.

4.4.1c

11

Specify thrust block lubrication arrangements.

4.5.3a

12

Specify maximum shaft speed for operation at `MCD'.

4.5.3c

13

Specify all services for air emission system air transfer

box.

5.1.2b

14

Supply
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

5.1.3a

15

Specify whether shaft earthing or cathodic protection

devices are required.

4.8.1b

16

Define shaft movements for shaft driven auxiliaries.

4.9.2a

17

Specify the extent of equipment and subassembly

marking.

3.4.6a

design information to contractor:

Air emission pressure and temperature;
Air flow;
Shaft speed;
Shaft dimensions;
Shaft movements.

30

4.1.9c

 or NA

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)

Air box, design requirements, 25

Installation, 9

Air transfer box, design requirements, 25

Installation and trials, manufacture, general,

8

Air transfer box, general, 24, 25

L
B

Limits and fits, 9

Lubrication, 9, 13

Bearing, clearance, 13
Bearing, hydrodynamic design requirements,
14

Bearing, length/dia ratio, 12

Main shaft bearings, general, 10

Bearing, plummer types, 14

Marking, 9

Bearing, plummer, general, 13

Materials, 8

Bearing, pressures, 12

Materials, alternative, 12

Bearing, rolling contact, 14

Bearing, thrust blocks general, 19, 20

Bearing, thrust blocks, design requirements,

20, 21

Resonance changer, design procedure, 22

Resonance changer, general, 22

Bearing, trailing thrust, 21

Scope, 2
Seals, stern, design requirements, 16

Drawings, preparation, 8

Seals, stern, general, 15

Seals, stern, submarine design requirements,
17

Seals, stern, surface ships design require

ments, 17

Environmental conditions, 8

Seatings, 9, 13, 14, 20

Shaft brake and locking gear, general, 18

Shaft brake design requirements, 19

Finish, 9

Shaft earthing and cathodic protection de

vices, general, 23
Shaft interface auxiliary drive, 24

G
Gland bulkhead general, 15

Shaft interface for shaft driven auxiliary, gen

eral, 24

Gland bulkhead submarines, 15

Shaft interface requirements, 23

Gland bulkhead, surface ships, 15

Shaft locking gear, design requirements, 19

Gland soft packed, design requirements, 17,

18

Stern tube and bracket bearing barrels, 10

Shaft locking gear, general, 19

31

DEF STAN 02304 Part 2/ Issue 2

(NES 304 Part 2)
Thrustmeter/resonance changer, 21

Stern tube and bracket bearing bushes, 10,

11

Thrustmeters, 22

Stern tube and bracket bearings - preferred

types and materials, 11, 12

Trials, 9

T
Testing, 9

Welding, 9

32

Inside Rear Cover

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Fax 0141 224 2503
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File Reference
The DStan file reference relating to work on this standard is D/DStan/69/02/304/2.
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When Defence Standards are incorporated into contracts users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contractual and statutory requirements. Compliance with
a Defence Standard does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Revision of Defence Standards
Defence Standards are revised as necessary by up issue or amendment. It is important that
users of Defence Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest issue or
amendment. Information on all Defence Standards is contained in Def Stan 00-00 Standards
for Defence Part 3 , Index of Standards for Defence Procurement Section 4 Index of Defence
Standards and Defence Specifications published annually and supplemented regularly by
Standards in Defence News (SID News). Any person who, when making use of a Defence
Standard encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity is requested to notify the Directorate of
Standardization (DStan) without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and
appropriate action taken.