Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
*(67,1'(/$6(*85,'$'<6$/8'(1(/75$%$-2
'U-XDQ&DUORV5XELR5RPHUR'U&DUORV$%HQDYLGHV9HODVFR
(76,,QGXVWULDOHVGH0iODJD&DPSXVHO(MLGRVQ0iODJDMXUR#XPDHV
(76,,QGXVWULDOHVGH0iODJD&DPSXVHO(MLGRVQ0iODJDGH\P#XPDHV
5HVXPHQ
/DV HPSUHVDV YLHQHQ JHVWLRQDQGR GHVGH KDFH DxRV OD VHJXULGDG \ VDOXG XWLOL]DQGR GLYHUVRV
PRGHORVRVLVWHPDV'X3RQW&73HWF&RQHOp[LWRGHODVQRUPDV,62H,62VH
KDQ YHQLGR GHVDUUROODQGR PRGHORV VLVWHPDV ERUUDGRUHV JXtDV R QRUPDV SDUD IDFLOLWDU OD
LQWHJUDFLyQ FRQ ODV PLVPDV (Q HVWH VHQWLGR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG FRQWDPRV FRQ OD QRUPD
LQWHUQDFLRQDO2+6$6HOSUR\HFWRGH'LUHFWULFHVGHOD2,7\OD*XtDGHOD8(HQWUH
RWURV PXFKRV PRGHORV R VLVWHPDV FRPR OD QRUPD 81( (; R OD JXtD %6 VLQ
HPEDUJR DXQ QR GLVSRQHPRV GH XQD QRUPD ,62 SRU GLYHUVDV UD]RQHV (Q HVWD
FRPXQLFDFLyQ VH DQDOL]DQ ORV VXFHVRV TXH QRV KDQ FRQGXFLGR D HVWD VLWXDFLyQ DVL FRPR ODV
SULQFLSDOHVVHxDVGHLGHQWLGDGGHODVQRUPDVVLWHPDVRPRGHORVPiVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRV
,QWURGXFFLyQ
&RQHOp[LWRGHORVVLVWHPDVGHJHVWLyQGHODFDOLGDG,62GHODJHVWLyQPHGLRDPELHQWDO
,62 \ FRQ OD JOREDOL]DFLyQ GH OD HFRQRPtD ODV HPSUHVDV GHPDQGDQ XQD QRUPD GH
JHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\ODVDOXGGHWLSRJOREDOGHFDUDDIDFLOLWDUODLQWHJUDFLyQGHORVWUHV
VLVWHPDVGHJHVWLyQHQXQR\DVtUHGXFLUFRVWHV\DSURYHFKDUVLQHUJLDV$QWHODLQH[LVWHQFLDGH
XQD QRUPD ,62 SRU GLIHUHQWHV PRWLYRV KDQ SUROLIHUDGR VLVWHPDV PRGHORV \ QRUPDWLYDV GH
JHVWLyQ GH OD VHJXULGDG \ OD VDOXG GH WLSR ORFDO HQ WRGR HO PXQGR 'H HQWUH WRGDV HOODV
GHVWDFDPRV SRU GLYHUVDV FLUFXQVWDQFLDV OD JXtD EULWiQLFD OD QRUPD H[SHULPHWDO HVSDxROD OD
QRUPD 2+6$6 \ ODV 'LUHFWULFHV GH OD 2,7 \ GH OD 8( %iVLFDPHQWH ODV GLIHUHQFLDV
HQWUHODVGLIHUHQWHVQRUPDVVLVWHPDVRPRGHORVUDGLFDQHQORVGLVWLQWRVHQIRTXHVHQFXDQWRD
ODSRVLELOLGDGGHFHUWLILFDFLyQODYROXQWDULHGDGHQWHQGLGDHQHOVHQWLGRDPSOLRGHODSDODEUD\
HOQLYHOGHHVSHFLILFLyQHQODHQODTXHVHVLW~DQ
$QWHFHGHQWHV
7RGRVFRQRFHPRVORVVLVWHPDVGHJHVWLyQXWLOL]DGRVWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHFRPRHO&RQWURO7RWDOGH
3pUGLGDV GH )UDQN ( %LUG R HO PRGHOR 'X3RQW GH OD HPSUHVD GHO PLVPR QRPEUH 7DPELpQ
VDEHPRVTXHHQ~OWLPDLQVWDQFLDORKDELWXDOKDVLGRTXHODVHPSUHVDVDOPHQRVHQODVSHTXHxDV
\ PHGLDQDV LPSODQWDVHQ ORV PRGHORV GHVDUUROODGRV SRU OD 0XWXD R &RQVXOWRUtD TXH OHV
DVHVRUDED\HVWRVPRGHORVHUDQFRQIRUPHVDORVVLVWHPDVDQWHVFRPHQWDGRVRLQFOXVRDODPH]FOD
GHDOJXQRRDOJXQRVGHORVDQWHULRUHVDGHPiVGHDODOHJLVODFLyQDSOLFDEOHHQFDGDPRPHQWR
/DSUROLIHUDFLyQGHPRGHORVGHJHVWLyQDQWHODGHPDQGDGHXQPRGH ORJOREDOHLQWHJUDEOH
6LELHQHQQXHVWURSDtVORVPRGHORVDORVTXHDQWHVQRVKHPRVUHIHULGRHUDQORVPiVH[WHQGLGRV
QR HV PHQRV FLHUWR TXH OD SUROLIHUDFLyQ GH QRUPDV VLVWHPDV R PRGHORV HV XQD UHDOLGDG HQ OD
DFWXDOLGDGDQLYHOPXQGLDO(QFRQFUHWRD SDUWLUGHODVSXEOLFDFLRQHVGHODQRUPD,62HQ
\ HVSHFLDOPHQWH GH OD ,62 HQ \ DQWH OD JOREDOL]DFLyQ GH OD HFRQRPtD
LQFHQWLYDGDSRUHOGHVDUUROORGHORVPHUFDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVORVDFXHUGRVGHOLEUHFRPHUFLR\
ODVQXHYDVWHFQRORJtDVGHODLQIRUPDFLyQDVtFRPRSRUODSXEOLFDFLyQGHOD'LUHFWLYD0DUFRHQ
\ VX WUDQVSRVLFLyQ SRVWHULRU D ORV UHVSHFWLYRV (VWDGRV GH OD 8( OD LGHD GH XQ PRGHOR
HVWiQGDUGHJHVWLyQGHODSUHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHVGHWLSRJOREDOVHFRPLHQ]DDGHE DWLU\
VHHPSLH]DDKDEODUGHODFRQRFLGDFRPR,62
$VtHQXQDSULPHUDIDVH\DSDUWLUGHXQHVWXGLRUHDOL]DGRHQ,QJODWHUUDSRUOD(() (QJLQHHULQJ
(PSOR\HUV)HGHUDWLRQHQWUHHPSUHVDV\SXEOLFDGRHQDODSUHJXQWDVREUHODQHFHVLGDG
GHXQDQRUPD%6SDUDODVHJXULGDGHKLJLHQHHQHOWUDEDMRODPLWDGGHHOODVFRQWHVWyTXHQRHUD
SUHFLVD SRU OR TXH OD (() QR UHFRPHQGDED DO %6, HO GHVDUUROOR GH OD PLVPD GH XQD PDQHUD
IRUPDO\SRUORWDQWRPXFKRPHQRVGHXQDQRUPD,621RREVWDQWHHO%ULWLVK6WDQGDUV
,QVWLWXWH EDViQGRVHHQODVQRUPDV%6VREUHFDOLGDG\%6VREUHPHGLRDPELHQWHRVHD
ODV,62H,62SXEOLFDHQPD\RGHODJXtD%6DXQTXHHQHVRVPRPHQWRV
QRVHSODQWHDEDDHIHFWRVGHFHUWLILFDFLyQSRFRGHVSXpVHQMXQLRGHOPLVPRDxR$(125SXEOLFD
ODQRUPD81((;TXHD~QFRQWLQXDUiFRQVXFDUiFWHUGHH[SHULPHQWDODOPHQRV
KDVWDMXOLRGHODxR
(QVHSWLHPEUHGHHVHPLVPRDxRHQXQ7DOOHUGHWUDEDMRUHDOL]DGRHQ*LQHEUD\FRQYRFDGRSRUOD
,QWHUQDWLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQIRU6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ ,62GRQGHSDUWLFLSDURQJRELHUQRVVLQGLFDWRV
DVHJXUDGRUHV\WUDEDMDGRUHVGHPiVGHGHOHJDFLRQHVGHSDtVHVVHFRQFOX\yTXHDOPHQRV
SRUHOPRPHQWRQRVHFRQVLGHUDEDD,62OD,QVWLWXFLyQDGHFXDGDSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHXQDQRUPD
GH JHVWLyQ GH OD VHJXULGDG \ VDOXG DXQTXH VL VH DFRUGDED VX XWLOLGDG SDUD GLIXQGLU
GRFXPHQWRVJXtD H LQFOXVR QRUPDV GHVDUUROODGDV SRU ORV RUJDQLVPRV QDFLRQDOHV GH
QRUPDOL]DFLyQ(QHQHURGHHO&RPLWpGH*HVWLyQ7pFQLFDGH,62HQFDUJDGRGHOGHVDUUROOR
GHODFLWDGDQRUPDGHFLGLyLQWHUUXPSLUWRGDVODVDFWLYLGDGHVDOUHVSHFWRDODYH]FXULRVDPHQWH
TXHWUDWDEDODSRVLEOHLQWHJUDFLyQGHOD,62\OD,62HQXQ~QLFRVLVWHPD
$QWHHVWDVLWXDFLyQ\SXHVWRTXHODGHPDQGDGHXQDQRUPDGHJHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\VDOXG
TXHIXHVHIiFLOPHQWHLQWHJUDEOHFRQODVQRUPDV,62H,62YHQtDLQFUHPHQWiQGRVH
QXPHURVRVRUJDQLVPRVGHQRUPDOL]DFLyQFRPLHQ]DQDHODERUDUVXVSURSLDVQRUPDVGHJHVWLyQ
'HHVWDIRUPD$(125 FRQWLQ~DGHVDUUROODQGRRWUDVQRUPDVGHODVHULHFRPRODV81(
81(31(31(81(31(HWF
3RU RWUR ODGR HO %6, DQWH OD FRQIXVLyQ FUHDGD \ OD SUROLIHUDFLyQ GH VLVWHPDV GH JHVWLyQ GH OD
VHJXULGDG \ VDOXG HQ HO WUDEDMR \D TXH ODV HPSUHVDV DVt OR GHPDQGDQ \ FRPR HO +HDOWK DQG
6DIHW\([HFXWLYH HVWDEDHQODOtQHD GHUHYLVDUVXSODQWHDPLHQWRLJXDOPHQWHHQFRQWUDGHQRUPDV
FHUWLILFDEOHVVHSODQWHDUHFRQVLGHUDUVXGHFLVLyQGHTXHOD%6IXHVHVRORXQDJXtD\OLGHUD
XQ FRQVRUFLR GH HPSUHVDV FHUWLILFDGRUDV HQWUH ODV TXH VH HQFXHQWUDQ $(125 'HW 1RUVNH
9HULWDV /OR\GV 6*6 R %XUHDX 9HULWDV HQWUH RWUDV GHVDUUROODQGR ODV QRUPDV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
2+6$6SXEOLFDGDVHQDEULO\RFWXEUHGHUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHDLPDJHQGHOD
%6\VXVDQH[RV\FRQVLPLOLWXGFRQOD,62DGHPiVGHFRPSDWLEOHFRQ OD,62
\OD,62FRQHOREMHWLYRGHHMHUFHUSUHVLyQD,62SDUDTXHSXEOLTXHOD
,62VREUHJHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\ODVDOXG3RUFLHUWRDQWHHVWDVLWXDFLyQ\DSHVDUGHO
DPSOLRGHVDUUROORGHODVQRUPDV81(GHODVHULHPXFKRVVHSUHJXQWDQVREUHODOtQHDD
VHJXLUSRUSDUWHGH$(125DOUHVSHFWRHQHOVHQWLGRGHVLYDDRSWDUSRUSRWHQFLDUOD2+6$6
HQODTXHKDSDUWLFLSDGRRSRUHOFRQWUDULRYDDFRQWLQXDUFRQHOGHVDUUROORHQSDUDOHORGH
ODV QRUPDV GH FDUiFWHU H[SHULPHQWDO GH OD VHULH DSR\iQGRVH HQ OR HVSHFLILFDGR
WH[WXDOPHQWH HQ OD 2+6$6 OD QRUPD 2+6$6 PDQWLHQH XQ DOWR QLYHO GH
FRPSDWLELOLGDG\HTXLYDOHQFLDWpFQLFDFRQODQRUPD81((;%6,,9
(Q FXDOTXLHU FDVR HQ IHFKDV UHFLHQWHV HO %6, SURSXVR GH QXHYRFUHDU XQ &RPLWp7pFQLFR,62
VREUH6LVWHPDVGH*HVWLyQGHOD6HJXULGDG\OD6DOXGFRQODILQDOLGDGGHGHVDUUROODUXQDQRUPD
,62 EDVDGD HQ OD QRUPD 2+6$6 DQWH OR TXH HO 6HFUHWDULR *HQHUDO GH OD &,26/
&RQIHGHUDFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH2UJDQL]DFLRQHV6LQGLFDOHV/LEUHV%LOO-RUGDQDUJXPHQWDEDTXH
SDUD HYLWDU TXH GLFKD QRUPD TXHGH OLEUDGD DO DUELWULR GH ODV JUDQGHV FRUSRUDFLRQHV HO IRUR
DGHFXDGR SDUD GLVFXWLU ODJHVWLyQ UHODWLYDDGLFKRVVLVWHPDVHVOD2,76HJ~QQXHVWUDV QRWLFLDV
UHVSHFWRDODFRQVXOWDGH,62DFHUFDGHODFUHDFLyQGHO&RPLWp7pFQLFRGH*HVWLyQGH6HJXULGDG
\6DOXGHQYRWDFLRQHVFHOHEUDGDVHOGHHQHUR\HOGHDEULOGHYRWDURQDIDYRU
PLHQWUDVTXHORKLFLHURQQHJDWLYDPHQWH\KXERWUHVDEVWHQFLRQHVFRQORTXHDOQRDOFDQ]DUVH
ORVGRVWHUFLRVQHFHVDULRVQRVHFUHyHOFLWDGRFRPLWp
(VWi FODUR TXH OD VLWXDFLyQ UHVSHFWR D OD ,62 HV pVWD SRUTXH OD PLVPD QR VRODPHQWH
UHSRUWDUtDYHQWDMDVVLQRTXHWDPELpQSUHVHQWDUtDLQFRQYHQLHQWHV5HVXPLHQGRORVDUJXPHQWRVHQ
FRQWUD SRGUtDPRV GHFLU TXH H[LVWH XQD UHDFFLyQ GH UHFKD]R HQ JHQHUDO KDFLD ODV QRUPDV TXH
HVSHFLILFDQ UHTXLVLWRV FHUWLILFDEOHV JHQHUDGD D SDUWLU GHO DXJH GH ODV QRUPDV ,62 H ,62
(QSDUWLFXODUXQDQRUPDFHUWLILFDEOHHQ VHJXULGDGVXSRQGUtDSRUXQODGRXQDXPHQWRGH
FRVWHV GHPDVLDGR LPSRUWDQWH SDUD OD HVWUXFXWUD GH ODV SHTXHxDV HPSUHVDV \D TXH OD
YROXQWDULHGDGHQHOVHQWLGRDPSOLRGHODSDODEUDQRSRGUtDSUHVHUYDUVH\SRURWURQRVXSRQGUtD
XQDJDUDQWtDUHDOGHGLVPLQXFLyQGHULHVJRV
3RU HVWR WDPELpQ OD 2,7 VH HQFRQWUDED SUHSDUDQGR XQDV GLUHFWULFHV QR REOLJDWRULDV VREUH
VLVWHPDVGHJHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\ODVDOXGTXHHQODDFWXDOLGDGHVWi\DSXEOLFDGRHQIRUPDGH
SUR\HFWR\TXHFRPRKHPRVGLFKRDSXHVWDSRUOD YROXQWDULHGDGGHWDOHVVLVWHPDVODLQWHJUDFLyQ
GH ORV PLVPRV HQ OD JHVWLyQ JHQHUDO GH OD HPSUHVD \ OD SURPRFLyQ GH OD FRRSHUDFLyQ \
FRODERUDFLyQ GH ODV $GPLQLVWUDFLRQHV \ GH ORV LQWHUORFXWRUHV VRFLDOHV VLHPSUH PHGLDQWH HO
GHVDUUROORGHSROtWLFDVQDFLRQDOHV\GLUHFWULFHVQDFLRQDOHV\HVSHFtILFDVSRUSDUWHGHORVGLIHUHQWHV
(VWDGRV
3RU RWUR ODGR RWUDV 2UJDQL]DFLRQHV H ,QVWLWXFLRQHV GHVDUUROODQ VXV SURSLRV VLVWHPDV FRPR
GLMLPRVDQWHVGHIRUPDTXHODPD\RUtDGHODV0XWXDVGH$FFLGHQWHVGH7UDEDMR\(QI HUPHGDGHV
3URIHVLRQDOHVGLVSRQHQGHVXVPRGHORVSDUWLFXODUHV3RUHMHPSORWDPELpQ$3$GXUDQWHPXFKRV
DxRV$XGLWRUGH6HJXULGDG$FUHGLWDGRGHO,/&,SURPXHYHGHVGHHOVLVWHPD*,3*HVWLyQ
,QWHJUDGDGHOD3UHYHQFLyQEDVDGRHQHO&RQWURO7RWDOGH3pUGLGDVODQRUPD81(
(;\FODURHVWiOD/35/
$VtHQHVWRVPRPHQWRVQRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQODH[LVWHQFLDGHQXPHURVRVVLVWHPDVRPRGHORVGH
JHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\ODVDOXGHQHOWUDEDMRHQWUHRWURVORVTXHILJXUDQHQODVLJXLHQWHWDEOD
5XELR
1250$6*8$6202'(/26'(*(67,1'(/$35(9(1&,1'(5,(6*26
/$%25$/(6
&21752/727$/'(3e5','$6,656GH,/&,HQODDFWXDOLGDG'19
'83217
',5(&75,&(6'(/$2,7
*8$'(/$8(
81((;
%6
2+6$6
81,7
7HFQLFDO5HSRUW135*XLGHWRDFFXSDWLRQDOKHDOWKDQGVDIHW\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPV
6*6 ,602/,6$5HTXLUHPHQWVIRU6DIHW\DQG+HDOWK0DQDJHPHQW6\WHPV
%94,6DIHW\&HUW2FFXSDWLRQDO6DIHW\DQG+HDOWK0DQDJHPHQW6WDQGDUG
'196WDQGDUGIRU&HUWLILFDWLRQRIRFFXSDWLRQDO+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV2+606
'UDIW16$,655HFRPPHQGDWLRQIRUDQ2FFXSDWLRQDO+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHP
'UDIW$61=2FFXSDWLRQDO+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV 6SHFLILFDWLRQZLWKJXLGDQFH
IRUXVH
'UDIW%6,3$62FFXSDWLRQDO+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV
'UDIW/54$606+HDOWK 6DIHW\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPVDVVHVVPHQWFULWHULD
176
92/817$5< 3527(&7,21 352*5$06 2) 7+( 86 2FFXSDWLRQDO +HDOWK DQG 6DIHW\
$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ
'2:0,1,0815(48,5(0(176
$&521<0
352<(&72&(36
3$6+767360pMLFR
02'(/2-21(66(
*,3
7+ 60
6$
7DEOD1RUPDVJXtDVRPRGHORVGHJHVWLyQGHODSUHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHV
)XHQWH5XELR5RPHUR
/D2+6$6
&RPRUHVSXHVWDDODGHPDQGDGHODLQGXVWULDGHXQDQRUPDJOREDO\FHUWLILFDEOHODLQH[LVWHQFLD
GH XQD QRUPD ,62 \ OD PXOWLSOLFDFLyQ GH HVWiQGDUHV VREUH VHJXULGDG \ VDOXG HQ HO WUDEDMR VH
GHFLGLySRUSDUWHGHXQDVHULHGH RUJDQLVPRVGHQRUPDOL]DFLyQHOGHVDUUROORGHXQDQRUPDGHWLSR
LQWHUQDFLRQDO 3DUD HOOR VH FUHy XQ FRPLWp OLGHUDGR SRU HO %ULWLVK 6WDQGDUGV ,QVWLWXWLRQ H
LQWHJUDGRSRUORVVLJXLHQWHVRUJDQLVPRVGHQRUPDOL]DFLyQ
1DWLRQDO6WDQGDUGV$XWKRULW\RI,UHODQG
6RXWK$IULFDQ%XUHDXRI6WDQGDUGV
%ULWLVK6WDQGDUGV,QVWLWXWLRQ
%XUHDX9HULWDV4XDOLW\,QWHUQDWLRQDO
'HW1RUVNH9HULWDV
/OR\GV5HJLVWHU4XDOLW\$VVXUDQFH
1DWLRQDO4XDOLW\$VVXUDQFH
6)6&HUWLILFDWLRQ
6*6<DUVOH\,QWHUQDWLRQDO&HUWLILFDWLRQ6HUYLFHV
$VRFLDFLyQ(VSDxRODGH1RUPDOL]DFLyQ\&HUWLILFDFLyQ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW2UJDQLVDWLRQ/WG
6WDQGDUGVDQG,QGXVWU\5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWHRI0DOD\VLD4XDOLW\$VVXUDQFH6HUYLFHV
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&HUWLILFDWLRQ6HUYLFHV
2+6$6 2FFXSDWLRQDO +HDOWK DQG 6DIHW\ $VVHVVPHQW 6HULHV 6SHFLILFDWLRQV IRU
2+ 60DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV
2+6$6*XLGDQFHIRU2+ 60DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV
2+6$6&ULWHULDIRUDXGLWRUVRI2+ 60DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV
(OFRPLWpLGHQWLILFyODQHFHVLGDGGHGHVDUUROODUSRUORVPHQRVORVWUHVVLJXLHQWHVGRFXPHQWRV
6HDSUREyHOGHVDUUROORGHORVGRFXPHQWRV2+6$6\SHURVHHYLWyHOGHVDUUROORGH
OD2+6$6SUREDEOHPHQWHHQHVSHUDGHORVUHVXOWDGRVGHOWUDEDMRGHORVFRPLWpVWpFQLFRV
GH,62UHVSHFWRDOD,62TXHVHKDSXEOLFDGRDSULQFLSLRVGHDxR\GRQGHVHHVSHFLILFDQ
ORV FULWHULRV SDUD ODV DXGLWRUtDV GH FDOLGDG \ PHGLR DPELHQWH SRU OR TXH SRGHPRV HVSHUDU OD
SXEOLFDFLyQHQHOIXWXURGHXQDQRUPD2+6$6
'LIHUHQFLDV \VLPLOLWXGHVHQWUH ODVQRUPDV2+6$6 JXtD%6\
81((;
3DUD HO GHVDUUROOR GH ODV QRUPDV 2+6$6 OyJLFDPHQWH VH XWLOL]DURQ FRPR
UHIHUHQFLDVODVQRUPDVSXEOLFDGDVSRUORVRUJDQLVPRVSDUWLFLSDQWHVDXQTXHODHVWUXFWXUDGHOD%6
TXHGDPX\SDWHQWHDVtFRPRODLQWHQFLyQGHVXFRPSDWLELOLGDGFRQOD,62H,62
/D2+6$6TXHFRQVWDGHSXQWRVSUHVHQWDXQDPD\RUHODVWLFLGDGTXHODQRUPD81(
(;\DTXHHOREMHWLYRGHFRQYHUWLUODHQHORULJHQGHXQDIXWXUD,62LPSRQt D
HOHYDGDFRPSDWLELOLGDGFRQFXDOTXLHUOHJLVODFLyQPRGHUQDHQSUHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHV\
HO QR FUHDU LQQHFHVDULDV WHQVLRQHV FRQ ODV PLVPDV SRU OR TXH ODV PHQFLRQHV H[SUHVDV D OD
OHJLVODFLyQ VRQ PiVKDELWXDOHVHQODQRUPD81(eVWDHODVWLFLGDGGHOD QRUPD2+6$6TXHGD
VXEUD\DGDSRUHOKHFKRGHTXHQRQHFHVLWDGHXQDQRUPDHVSHFtILFDSDUD3<0(6PLHQWUDVTXH
$(125VHYLyREOLJDGDDGHVDUUROODUXQDQRUPD31(DOUHVSHFWR
3RURWURODGRHOSDUDOHOLVPRHQODHVWUXFWXUDFRQODQRUPD,62HVSHFL DOPHQWH\FRQOD
%6HVFDVLWRWDO(QFRQFUHWRODJXtD%6QDFLyFRQGRVUHGDFFLRQHVDOWHUQDWLYDVOD
EDVDGDHQODDSUR[LPDFLyQDODJXtDGHO+6(6XFFHVVIXO+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW\OD
EDVDGDHQODQRUPD%6(1,62 FRQORTXHHVWR HUDGHHVSHUDU(VWHSDUDOHOLVPRHVWi
RULHQWDGR D OD LQWHJUDFLyQ GH ORV WUHV VLVWHPDV \ DVt VH GHVSUHQGH GHO SUyORJR GH OD QRUPD
2+6$6 GRQGH VH H[SRQH TXH OD 2+6$6 IXH GHVDUUROODGD SDUD VHU FRPSDWLEOH FRQ
,62 FDOLGDG H ,62 PHGLR DPELHQWH SDUD RIUHFHU D ODV
RUJDQL]DFLRQHV OD SRVLELOLGDG GH OD LQWHJUDFLyQDVt PLVPR VH UHDOL]DUiQ UHYLVLRQHV GH OD
PLVPD FXDQGR H[LVWDQ HGLFLRQHV QXHYDV GH ,62 R ,62 SDUD JDUDQWL]DU
FRQWLQXDPHQWHODFRPSDWLELOLGDG%6,(Q HVWDH[SRVLFLyQGHOSUyORJRVHGHMDFODUR
ODLQWHQFLyQGHO&RQVRUFLRGHTXHODQRUPD2+6$6VHDFRPSDWLEOH\HYROXFLRQHDOD
YH]TXHORKDJDQDPEDVQRUPDVKHUPDQDVOD,62\OD,62ORTXHVHxDODWDPELpQ
VXYRFDFLyQGHFRQVWLWXLUVHHQHOJHUPHQGHODIXWXUD,62
6LJXLHQGR FRQ OD FRPSDUDFLyQ HQWUH 2+6$6 81( \ %6 GHVWDFDPRV HO
PD\RUJUDGRGHH[LJHQFLDTXHSUHVHQWDQODVQRUPDV2+6$6\81(HPSOHDQGRFRQIUHFXHQFLD
HO WRQR LPSHUDWLYR \ GHPDQGDQGR HO GHVDUUROOR \ PDQWHQLPLHQWR GH SURFHGLPLHQWRV
HVSHFLDOPHQWH HQ OD QRUPD 81( PLHQWUDV TXH OD JXtD EULWiQLFD UHTXLHUH VROR D PRGR GH
UHFRPHQGDFLyQTXHVHHVWDEOH]FDQODVGLVSRVLFLRQHVRDUUHJORVQHFHVDULRVHQFRKHUHQFLDFRQHO
HVStULWX FRQ OD TXH QDFLy ,JXDOPHQWH SXHGH GHVWDFDUVH HO HVFDVR WUDWDPLHQWR TXH GH ODV
HPHUJHQFLDV KDFH OD QRUPD 81( SXQWR I VREUH UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV GH OD GLUHFFLyQ \
UHFXUVRVIUHQWHDODQRUPD2+6$6pVWD~OWLPDPXFKRPiVDFRUGHFRQODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHODV
PLVPDV GHEHQ WHQHU GHQWUR GH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV SUHYHQWLYDV HQ OD HPSUHVD \ HVWDEOHFLHQGR DVt
PLVPRORVQHFHVDULRVPHFDQLVPRVSDUDODUHDOLPHQWDFLyQGHODJHVWLyQDSDUWLUGHODVDFWLYLGDGHV
GHSUHSDUDFLyQ\UHVSXHVWDDQWHODVPLVPDV
2WURDVSHFWRDVHxDODUHVHOKHFKRGHTXHGHODVQRUPDV\RERUUDGRUHVGHVDUUROODGRVGHVGHHO
DxRSRURUJDQLVPRVGHQRUPDOL]DFLyQRVLPLODUHVGHWRGRHOPXQGRODQRUPD81(HVOD
~QLFD TXH HVWDEOHFH WRGR XQ PDUFR GH RULHQWDFLyQ SDUD OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH ODV DXGLWRUtDV GH
FHUWLILFDFLyQ D IDOWD GH OD SRVLEOH SXEOLFDFLyQ GH XQD IXWXUD 2+6$6 SHQGLHQWH GH OD
SXEOLFDFLyQGHODQRUPD,62\DDSDUHFLGD
3DUDILQDOL]DUGHIRUPDJUiILFDSRGUtDPRVGHFLUTXHODQRUPD2+6$6VHHQFXHQWUDHQHO
HVSDFLRTXHVHSDUDDPEDVQRUPDVDXQTXHPiVFHUFD GHODQRUPD81(
/DV'LUHFWULFHVGHOD2,7\ODJXtDGHOD8(
(QFRQWUDSRVLFLyQFRQOD2+6$6\ODKLSRWpWLFD,62QRVHQFRQWUDPRVFRQODVLQLFLDWLYDVGH
OD8QLyQ(XURSHD\OD2UJDQL]DFLyQ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGHO7UDEDMRHQWUHRWUDV$VtHOGRF XPHQWR
(1 FRQ VLHWH HOHPHQWRV FODYH TXH OD 8QLyQ (XURSHD D WUDYpV GHO &RPLWp &RQVXOWLYRFUHDGR DGKRF
SXEOLFy HQ WLWXODGR (XURSHDQ JXLGHOLQHV RQ WKH VXFFHVVIXO RUJDQLVDWLRQ RI VDIHW\ DQG KHDOWK
SURWHFWLRQIRUZRUNHUVDWZRUN6DIHW\DQG KHDOWKPDQDJHPHQWVV\VWHPVVXEUD\DEDTXHODVFRQGLFLRQHV
EiVLFDVSDUDTXHHOVLVWHPDGHJHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\ODVDOXGVHDHILFD]VRQ
,PSODQWDFLyQYROXQWDULD
&RQVLGHUDUODVFLUFXQVWDQFLDVHVSHFLDOHVGHODV3<0(
3URFHGLPLHQWRVGHHYDOXDFLyQTXH QRUHTXLHUDQDXGLWRUtDVH[WHUQDVREOLJDWRULDV
6LQREMHWLYRVGHFHUWLILFDFLyQ
(FRQyPLFDPHQWHMXVWLILFDEOH
'HVDUUROOR\PHMRUDGHODVDSWLWXGHVSDUDHOFXPSOLPLHQWR\ODFRRSHUDFLyQFRQODOHJLVODFLyQ\HO
RUGHQDPLHQWRHQVHJXULGDG\VDOXG
,QFRUSRUDFLyQ GHORVWUDEDMDGRUHV\RVXVUHSUHVHQWDQWHVHQHOGLVHxRLPSOHPHQWDFLyQ\HYDOXDFLyQ
GHOVLVWHPDGHJHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\ODVDOXG
3RUVXSDUWHHOSUR\HFWRGHGLUHFWULFHVWpFQLFDVGHOD2,7VREUHVLVWHPDVGHJHVWLyQGHODVHJXULGDG\OD
VDOXG HQ HO WUDEDMR TXH KD VLGR SXEOLFDGR SRU OD 2ILFLQD ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GHO 7UDEDMR GH *LQHEUD HQ HO
SUHVHQWHDxR\TXHVHGLVFXWLUiHQVXYHUVLyQILQDOHQDEULOSRUXQJUXSRGHH[SHUWRVHVSHFLILFDGHIRUPD
PX\ HVFODUHFHGRUD UHVSHFWR D VX SRVWXUD HQ FXDQWR DO UHVWR GH QRUPDV JXtDV R PRGHORV TXH 2,7
$XQTXH VH KDQ GHVDUUROODGR XQD VHULH GH VLVWHPDV GH JHVWLyQ GH OD 667 D HVFDOD LQWHUQDFLRQDO QDFLRQDO UHJLRQDO H
LQGXVWULDO\pVWRVVXHOHQHVWDUELHQGLVHxDGRV\UHVXOWDU~WLOHVQRHVWiQDUUDLJDGRVHQH OFRQMXQWRGHSULQFLSLRVVREUH667
LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWHDFRUGDGRVWDOHVFRPRORVGHILQLGRVSRUORVPDQGDQWHVWULSDUWLWRVGHOD2,76RORXQYtQFXORGHHVD
tQGROH SXHGH SURSRUFLRQDU OD IXHU]D OD IOH[LELOLGDG \ OD EDVH DSURSLDGD SDUD GHVDUUROODU XQD FXOWXUD GH OD VHJXULGDG
VRVWHQLEOHHQODHPSUHVD
(QQXHVWUDRSLQLyQHOGRFXPHQWRRIUHFHGLUHFWULFHVWpFQLFDVHLQFRUSRUDSULQFLSLRVSURPRYLGRVSRUOD
2,7FRPRSRUHMHPSORODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHV\DSDUWLUGHpOFDGDSDtVTXHORFRQVLGHUH
~WLO GHEHUi DGDSWDUOR D VXV FRQGLFLRQHV \ SDUWLFXODULGDGHV QDFLRQDOHV \ GHFLGLU OD PHMRU IRUPD GH
LPSOHPHQWDUORVLHPSUHGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHODSURPRFLyQGHOGHVDUUROORGHLQLFLDWLYDVYROXQWDULDV
HQWHQGHPRVTXHQRHVXQDUHIHUHQFLDDOWpUPLQROLWHUDOODLQW HJUDFLyQGHORVVLVWHPDVGHJHVWLyQGH
VHJXULGDG \ VDOXG FRPR SDUWH GH OD JHVWLyQ JHQHUDO GH OD RUJDQL]DFLyQ HO HYLWDU WUiPLWHV
DGPLQLVWUDWLYRV \ JDVWRV LQQHFHVDULRV \ OD FRRSHUDFLyQ \ HO DSR\R GH ODV DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHV H
LQWHUORFXWRUHVVRFLDOHV
(O3UR\HFWRGHGLUHFWULFHVSUHVHQWDHQVXSXQWRVREUHHOVLVWHPDGHJHVWLyQGHOD667HQODRUJDQL]DFLyQ
HOHPHQWRV\DSDUWDGRVGHVWDFDQGRSRUODVLPSRUWDQWHVUHIHUHQFLDVDODFRQVXOWD\SDUWLFLSDFLyQGH
ORV WUDEDMDGRUHV VH LQFOX\H XQ DSDUWDGR HVSHFt ILFR SDUD OD SROtWLFD SRU VXEUD\DU OD FRPSDUDFLyQ
FRPSHWLWLYDGH OD JHVWLyQ HQWUH HPSUHVDVPiV HQHOHQIRTXHGHORVPRGHORV()40RVLPLODUHV\SRU
GHGLFDUXQSXQWRHVSHFtILFRSDUDODPHMRUDFRQWLQ~D
&RQFOXVLRQHV
$SHVDUGHODVGHVYHQWDMDVTXHXQD QRUPD,62SUHVHQWDUtD\TXHQRSRGHPRVREYLDUOD
QHFHVLGDG GH XQ PRGHOR GH FDUiFWHU LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH JHVWLyQ GH OD VHJXULGDG \ OD VDOXG HQ HO
WUDEDMRHVHYLGHQWHHQXQPHUFDGRJOREDOFRPRHOTXHQRVHQFRQWUDPRV/DVHPSUHVDVWUDEDMDQ
HQGLVWLQWRViPELWRVJHRJUiILFRV\KDVWDHOPRPHQWRGLVSRQHQGHXQDKHUUDPLHQWDKRPRJpQHD\
QRUPDOL]DGDSDUDODJHVWLyQGHODFDOLGDGDVtFRPRGHORVDVSHFWRVPHGLRDPELHQWDOHVQRSDUHFH
OyJLFRHOGHVDSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHODVVLQHUJLDVSRVLWLYDVTXHVHSUHVHQWDQHQODJHVW LyQVHJ~QXQ
HVWiQGDU JOREDOGH OD VHJXULGDG\ VDOXG HQ HO WUDEDMR PXFKRPHQRVFXDQGRODWHQGHQFLDHQOD
DFWXDOLGDG OD ILORVRItD GH OD ,62 DVt OR GHQRWD HV FODUDPHQWH D OD LQWHJUDFLyQ
VLVWHPDVHQXQRVRORGRQGHQXHYDPHQWHDSDUHFHQVLQHUJLDVHYLGHQWHV
2WUDFXHVWLyQGLVWLQWDHVFXDOGHEHVHUHOPRGHORTXHVHLPSRQJD\ODFRQYHQLHQFLDGHOPLVPRR
GHYDULDQWHVGHOPLVPRVHJ~QVHFWRUHVULHVJRV\GLPHQVLyQGHODVHPSUHVDVGHVGHXQSXQWRGH
YLVWDWpFQLFRGHIRUPDVLPLODUDORTXHRFXUUHFRQODVQRUPDVEDVDGDVHQOD,62FRPROD
46OD7/ROD$6RODVQRUPD,&+(VREUHFDOLGDGHQORVKRWHOHV
5HIHUHQFLDV
$(1253UHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHV5HJODVJHQHUDOHVSDUDODLPSODQWDFLyQGHXQVLVWHPDGHJHVWLyQGHOD
SUHYHQFLyQ GH ULHVJRV ODERUDOHV 81( (; $VRFLDFLyQ (VSDxROD GH 1RUPDOL]DFLyQ \
&HUWLILFDFLyQ0DGULGD
$(1253UHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHV5HJODVJHQHUDOHVSDUDODHYDOXDFLyQGHXQVLVWHPDGHJHVWLyQGHOD
SUHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHV6*35/ 81((;$VRFLDFLyQ(VSDxRODGH1RUPDOL]DFLyQ\
&HUWLILFDFLyQE0DGULG
$(125F3UHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRV ODERUDOHV9RFDEXODULR81((;$VRFLDFLyQ(VSDxROD
GH1RUPDOL]DFLyQ\&HUWLILFDFLyQ0DGULG
$(125 D 3UHYHQFLyQ GH ULHVJRV ODERUDOHV*XtD SDUD OD LPSODQWDFLyQ GH XQ VLVWHPD GH JHVWLyQ GH OD
SUHYHQFLyQGHULHVJRVODERUDOHV6*35/81((;$VRFLDFLyQ(VSDxRODGH1RUPDOL]DFLyQ\
&HUWLILFDFLyQ0DGULG
$(125 E 3UHYHQFLyQGH 5LHVJRV /DERUDOHV 5HJODV JHQHUDOHV SDUD OD HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV VLVWHPDV GH
JHVWLyQ GH OD SUHYHQFLyQ GH ULHVJRV ODERUDOHV &ULWHULRV SDUD OD FXDOLILFDFLyQ GH ORV DXGLWRUHVGH SUHYHQFLyQ
3181((;$VRFLDFLyQ(VSDxRODGH1RUPDOL]DFLyQ\&HUWLILFDFLyQ0DGULG
$(125&DWiORJRGHQRUPDV81($VRFLDFLyQ(VSDxRODGH1RUPDOL]DFLyQ\&HUWLILFDFLyQ0DGULG
%5,7,6+(67$1'$56,167,787(*XLGHWR2FFXSDWLRQDO+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV
%6%6,/RQGUHV
%5,7,6+ (67$1'$56 ,167,787( 2FFXSDWLRQDO +HDOWK DQG 6DIHW\ $VVHVPHQW 6HULHV 2+6$6
2FFXSDWLRQDO+HDOWKDQG6DIHW\0DQDJHPHQW6\VWHPV6SHFLILFDWLRQ%6,/RQGUHV
%5,7,6+ (67$1'$56 ,167,787( 2FFXSDWLRQDO +HDOWK DQG 6DIHW\ $VVHVPHQW 6HULHV 2+6$6
2FFXSDWLRQDO +HDOWK DQG 6DIHW\ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHPV*XLGHOLQHV IRU WKH ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI 2+6$6
%6,/RQGUHV