COASTAL INUNDATION VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

BASED ON PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC

VARIABLES IN THE JAKARTA BAY

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS PROPOSAL

Submitted as one of the requirement for Undergraduate Thesis Submission

in Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering

By
Arinka Aninditya
15111043

GEODESY AND GEOMATICS ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
2015

1. Background
Jakarta Bay is located at the north side of Jakarta, the capital of Republic of
Indonesia. Jakarta Bay is a shallow water area with an area of 514 square kilometres,
traversed by 13 rivers. According to Encyclopaedia of Jakarta, boundaries of the
Jakarta Bay covers the area of Cisadane River on the west side, and Citarum River
on the east side. Both of them form a delta that define the boundary of the Jakarta
Bay. Other rivers like Ciliwung, Kali Angke, Kali Marunda, Kali Bekasi, and another
macro channel also located in the area of the Jakarta Bay. Tangerang, Bekasi, and
Kepulauan Seribu also part of the Jakarta Bay. These areas have a high socioeconomic activity and also populous at the same time. As it has been known, coastal
area, especially the one located near the urban area, has a dynamic activity and also
vulnerable to various problem such as, abrasion, sedimentation, flood, inundation,
and so on. As we all already know, Jakarta and vicinity have a high risk to natural
hazard impact, the flood. But now, it is not just about the flood, the most necessary
problem highlighted beside this thing is the inundation. According to National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), inundation is a condition in which
water covers normally dry land, primarily cause by severe events along rivers or the
coast. Actually, there are four primary phenomena which cause inundation, those are
tsunami, storm surge, inland flood, and shallow coastal flooding combined with
another vulnerability factors like subsidence, density, and bad waste management. In
this case, the most logical cause of inundation in Jakarta Bay is the inland flood. This
flood occurs when moderate precipitation accumulates over several days, intense
precipitation falls over a short period, or maybe the river overflows due to dam
failure. According to Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BPBD) of DKI
Jakarta Province, North Jakarta has the greatest number of flood.
Because of that phenomena, there are several plans to prevent Jakarta from flood,
one of them is the construction of Jakarta Giant Sea Wall, 35 kilometres alongside
the Jakarta Bay. This project will make a kind of waterfront city and huge reservoir.
Indonesian government form the Jakarta Coastal Defence Strategy (JCDS) to make
the blueprint and this work was followed up by established an organization called
National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD). This organization is a
cooperation of various ministries, and also supported by Netherlands government.
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There will be 4,000 hectare areas will be formed as reclamation land, of course that
is not an easy matter since the natives should move to another place. Although this
project will also improve the quality of water drainage that flows into the Jakarta
Bay, but it will be very hard since the water quality is bad enough to be handled. Also
considering that the rate of land subsidence of Jakarta is 7.5-17 centimetres per year,
the greatest number is 31.9 centimetres per year which comes from Daan Mogot,
north-west side of Jakarta, this project is once again, questionable and debatable.
Will it prevent Jakarta from flood? Or just aggravating the socio-economic problem
physical problem that will lead to inundation?
Say that those all will lead to one disastrous effect, inundation. Almost all lowlying coastal region are vulnerable not only to flooding, but also inundation, and the
impact can be substantial. On February 2007, the greatest flood in Jakarta affected
several other areas, especially West Jakarta and North Jakarta, the area of Jakarta
Bay. According to Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika (BMG), the precipitation rate is
about 235-340 millimetres. The greatest damage occurred in West Jakarta with
22,650 square metres damage area and North Jakarta with 22,520 square metres
damage area. Coastal communities also become increasingly vulnerable to the risk of
damage and danger from flooding and other factors. As we all know, most of
economic productivity is located within the coastal zones, transportation, fisheries,
vegetation, tourism, and so on. Therefore, it would be a very good decision to make
coastal valuation of Jakarta Bay in order to know the value of the bay activity itself.
The Caribbean Island already made their coastal capital valuation, so that they can
make the economic case for protection of coastal ecosystem and also the decision
making in the Caribbean (Waite, 2014). This coastal valuation have a considerable
influence in monitoring and assessing the impact of hazard and also making
vulnerability map through scoping, analysis, and outreach.
Thus, this study will assess the coastal inundation vulnerability along the coast of
Jakarta Bay through some variables and data. As the final result, the vulnerability
map consist of coastal inundation vulnerability index can be the consideration to this
project.

2. Aim of Study
The aim of this study is to assess the coastal inundation vulnerability along the
coast of Jakarta Bay and do the map-making of coastal vunerability index (CVI),
usually called vulnerability map. This assessment is based on physical and socioeconomic variables. Later on, this vulnerability map can be used as a consideration to
the development of Jakarta Bay, particularly in the planning of the Jakarta Giant Sea
Wall.

3. Scope of Study
The scopes of this undergraduate thesis are needed to make the boundary of the
research. The scopes are:
a. Physical

variables

on

coastal

inundation

vulnerability,

such

as

geomorphology, coastal slope, river discharge, subsidence, and tidal range.

b. Non-Physical variables which come from social and economic phenomena in
the area.
c. Area: Jakarta Bay, including North Jakarta, Bekasi, and Tangerang in subdistrict level.

4. Method of Study
1. Literature study
This method contains the identification of phyisical and socio-economics
variables that influence the coastal inundation vulnerability.
2. Vulnerability variables classification
Variables that influence the inundation classified into levels from the less
vulnerable to highly vulnerable. This simple scoring comes from literature,
data, and former phenomena in the real world.

3. Vulnerability variable weighting

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From all variables, determine the most impactful variable using a kind of
weighting method, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).
4. Data acquisition
Collecting data from internet, books, government, or private companies to
make the vulnerability map. This map contains of base map of Jakarta Bay
and its vulnerability index.
5. Coastal vulnerability index mapping
Mapping of inundation vulnerability from the base map of Jakarta Bay and its
inundation vulnerability index.
6. Analysis
Analyze the result from the calculation and map.
7. Conclusion
Conclude and determine which area is the most vulnerable due to inundation,
in the scale of sub-district area.

5. Writing Structure
Writing structure of this undergraduate thesis is consisted of four chapters
below:
Chapter 1

Introduction
Describe about the background, purposes, scope, methodology, and
writing structure of this study.

Chapter 2

Methods and Data

Describe the concept and supporting theories that related to coastal
inundation vulnerability, type and source of data used in this study, as
well as processing method

Chapter 3

Result and Discussion

4

Describe the result of this study as well as description and discussion

about the result. Further analysis also will be made to relate the result
with development planning of the Jakarta Giant Sea Wall.
Chapter 4

Conclusion and Recommendation

Present the conclusion obtained from this study and any
recommendation for afterward study with the similar topic or further
studies.

6. Schedule
Table 1 shows the whole timeline to achieve the bachelor degree in Geodesy and
Geomatic Engineering Study.

Activity
Literature Study
Proposal
Submission
Data Acquisition
Data Processing
Data Analyzing
Thesis Writing
Thesis
Colloquium
Thesis Defense
and Revision

January

Table 1. Timeline of this study

February
March
April

May

June

7. Closing
This proposal is submitted as a requirement for Undergraduate
Thesis

submission

titled

Coastal

Inundation

Vulnerability

Assessment Based on Physical and Socio-Economics Variables in

the Jakarta Bay. Furthermore, this proposal can be used for
guidance of undergraduate thesis writing.
To be noted that the topic is suggested and has been discussed
with Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata,ST. MSi.

Bandung, March 10th 2015

Author,

Arinka Aninditya

15111043