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S .G . ( Bulk SSD )=
Absorption , =
Wt . of SSD
Wt . of SSD Buoyant Wt .
Wt . of SSDWt . of OD
100
Wt . of OD
Where:
SSD - saturated surface dry condition of sample; neither absorbing water
from nor contributing water to the concrete mixture.
OD - oven-dry condition of sample; aggregates are fully absorbent.
Buoyant Wt. - is the weight of sample when completely submerged in water;
damp or wet condition, aggregates contain an excess of moisture on the surface.
For crushed stone:
Initial Weight
Weight of Bucket
Weight of Wire Basket
Weight of Pan
Mass (Kilograms)
5.000
1.000
0.500
1.044
5.789
3.300
5.785
Mass (Kilograms)
5.000
1.000
0.382
1.065
5.712
3.100
5.662
Specific Gravity=
W 2W 1
( W 2W 1 )( W 3W 4 ) (0.79)
of kerosene.
Symbol
W1
Description
Weight of Flask
W2
0.299
W3
1.069
W4
Mass (kilograms)
0.249
1.027
Fineness of Cement
Formulas:
Fineness , =
Wt . of Residue
100
Wt . of Original Sample
Weight of Sample
Weight of Pan
Sample + Pan
Weight of Passing on No. 200 Sieve
+ Pan
Weight of Residue + Pan
Mass (Kilograms)
0.064
0.371
0.435
0.435
0.371
There are no residues left on the No. 200 sieve, this result for fineness
means that the cement type is type I, meaning no special properties whatsoever is
present in the cement (Normal Portland Cement).
Mass
Volume
2
Volume= (diameter of bucket ) (height of sample)
4
The crushed stone and river-source stones bulk density was determined by
putting the sample in a container where it is being tamp until it is almost compacted
inside the container. Then, the height and diameter of the cylindrical container will
be measured. Diameter of bucket is 7 inch or 0.1905 meters, the measured
height of sample of crushed stone is 4.6 inch or 0.11684 meters, while that of the
river-source stone is 5.7 inch or 0.14478 meters.
Volume
( m
Weight of
Sample
+ Container
( kg )
Crushed Stone
3.33 10
River-source
Stone
4.126 10
3
3
Weight of
Container
( kg )
Calculated
Density
kg
( m3 )
7.109
1.074
1812
8.015
1.074
1682
The fine aggregate or the sand together with the cements density was
determined by submerging them in a graduated cylinder with water. For the sand,
an initial reading of 300 milliliters was taken, and 455 milliliters was taken when the
sand was poured in the water. For the cement, 310 milliliters was the first reading,
then, 424 milliliters was noted after.
Results were as follows:
Materials
Volume
( m
Weight of
Sample
+ Container
( kg )
Weight of
Container
Calculated
Density
( kg )
kg
( m3 )
Fine Aggregates
1.55 104
0.730
0.387
2213
Cement
1.14 104
0.574
0.386
1649
Mix Design
Data:
Specific Gravity
Mass Density
kg
Water
Absorption, %
( m3 )
Crushed Stone
River-source Stone
Sand
Cement
A value 0.028
2.40
2.36
2.14
2.92
m3 of concrete
bag of cement
1812
1682
2213
1649
2.13
2.50
11.11
-
mix for a maximum slump of 6 inches, a water-cement ratio of 0.68 (as for
2500 psi
design mix (1:2:4 design ratio), water content of 8 gallons per bag (30.283 Liters
per bag), and
0.054 m3
Cement
1 ( 0.028 ) (1649)
m3
=0.0158
2.92(1000)
bag
Crushed Stone
Sand
Water
4 ( 0.028 ) (1812)
m3
=0.08456
2.40(1000)
bag
3
2 ( 0.028 ) (2213)
m
=0.05791
2.14 (1000)
bag
30.283
L
m3
=0.0303
bag
bag
Total of
0.19046
0.18857
m
bag
m3
bag
The total volume of concrete divided to the above result is equal to 0.2835
bag(s) of cement.
3
Water Volume
Cement Volume
Water Mass
kg
=13.08 kg
3
m
kg
=8.59 kg
m3
Applying correction to the quantity of water using water absorption of the Crushed
Stone:
Corrected Water Mass
Dividing the corrected water mass to the cement mass, we get 0.6707 as watercement ratio.
Diff. from standard water-cement ratio
0.680.6706
100 =+1.37
0.6707
2
100 =33.33
2+ 4
Fine
Aggregates
Percentage
in
the
Total
Volume
of
Aggregates
0.0409307
100 =75.8
0.054
Are aggregates
, in mass
30.388 kg
, in mass
64.154 kg
Summary:
Materials
Crushed stone
Sand
Cement
Water
Design Mix Using River-source Stone:
Cement
1 ( 0.028 ) (1649)
m3
=0.0158
2.92(1000)
bag
Crushed Stone
Sand
Water
3
4 ( 0.028 ) (1682)
m
=0.0798
2.36(1000)
bag
2 ( 0.028 ) (2213)
m3
=0.05791
2.14 (1000)
bag
30.283
L
m3
=0.0303
bag
bag
Quantity
64.154 kg
30.388 kg
13.08 kg
8.773 kg or 8.773 L
Total of
0.18565
0.18381
m3
bag
m3
bag
The total volume of concrete divided to the above result is equal to 0.2909
bag(s) of cement.
Cement Volume
Water Volume
Water Mass
kg
=13.0796 kg
m3
kg
=8.814 kg
m3
Applying correction to the quantity of water using water absorption of the Riversource Stone:
Corrected Water Mass
Dividing the corrected water mass to the cement mass, we get 0.68807 as watercement ratio.
Diff. from standard water-cement ratio
0.680.68807
100 =1.19
0.68807
2
100 =33.33
2+ 4
Fine
Aggregates
Percentage
in
the
Total
Volume
of
Aggregates
0.04059
100 =75.17
0.054
Are aggregates
, in mass
27.927 kg
, in mass
64.994 kg
Summary:
Materials
River-source stone
Sand
Cement
Water
Quantity
64.994 kg
27.927 kg
13.080 kg
9 kg or 9 L