LTE Rough Guide

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WCDMA
2004
384
128
150
MIB contains RB infor

Subcarriers are = 12*RBs
1.4
6
72
100 radio frame per second
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ANR Automatic Neighbor Relation funciton resides in eNodeB and eNodeB maintains the
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X2 interface for seamless HO, NO X2 no Inter eNodeB HO, It would be then cell reselectio
If current modulation is QPSK it can not be changed to 16QAM/64QAM without re
MIB is transmitted after 3 radio frames and in between it just repeated MIB. 1 radio frame = 1
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HSDPA
2005
14MBPS
<100
3
15
180
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
IFFT
FFT
Normal Prefix
extended Prefix
1 radio frame = 10ms means 10 sub frames

1 sub frame = 1 TTI= 2slots = 1msec
The largest unit in time domain is a frame, each of which is 10 ms in length. Each of the frame consists of 10 sub fram
each of which is 0.5 ms in length.Each of slots consists of 7 symbols
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA Peak to average power ratio is low PAPR
Localoized: contaguious subscarrier is better than distributed evenly spaced sub-carriers
Preodic TAU upon the expiry of timer T3412
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TAI= MCC + MNC + TAC
eNodeB
Load Control = DL Power & UL Interference
Admission Control
Packet Data Scheduling QOS
Src eNobeB makes HO Decesion
ANR Automatic Neighbor Relation funciton resides in eNodeB and eNodeB maintains the NRT Neighbor Relation Table
Ne Detection for Addition & Ne Deletion for Removal
MME
MME controls Serving Gateway Switching (Other eNodeB & SGSN) through S11 interface
VLR functioning
EPS Bearer
Radio Bearer
Mobile to eNodeB
End to End Bea

EPS Bearer
Radio Bearer
Mobile to eNodeB
IP addresses are allocated on per PDN basis
End to End Bea

Default Bearer be establish during UE Attach (N
Dedicated Bearer (QOS, QCI 1 to
Each bearer has QOS through packet scheduler
End to End Bea

Default Bearer be establish during UE Atta
Dedicated Bearer (QOS
ECM Idle
No radio & S1 Bearer but S5 & External Bearer is there

So No HO but Reselection
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X2 interface for seamless HO, NO X2 no Inter eNodeB HO, It would be then cell reselection, So X2 is not mandatory
LTE AIR INTERFACE

Theoratical coverage of LTE cell is 100km limited by TA
SINR = S /(I+N)
where I = Iown + Iother
S = Signal Strength
N is backgroud noise "receiver noise etc"
CQI
It indicates the channel quality of the downlink signal
and request for the specific modulation scheme QPSK, 16QAM & 64QAM and the coding rates
CQI can be sent on PUCCH or PUSCH to Packet schedular
PUCCH Physical uplink control channel,
PUSCH Physical uplink shared channel
PDCCH is repeated every 1ms
If current modulation is QPSK it can not be changed to 16QAM/64QAM without reading next PDCCH
So first it reads PDCCH and then PDSCH
MIB is transmitted after 3 radio frames and in between it just repeated MIB. 1 radio frame = 10ms = 10subframes = 20 slots
MAX number of PCI is 504

PSS and SSS can determine Physical Cell Id
3 kinds of PSS = Cell Number
168 kind of SSS = Cell Group Number
PCI = 3 x Cell Group Number + Cell Number
DC stands for Direct Current and it is a subcarrier that has no information
subcarrier in OFDM based systems. It is used by the mobile device to locate the
SIB 4 intra freq ne LTE

SIB 5 inter freq ne LTE
SIB 6 IRAT 3G
SIB 19 in UMTS for LTE Reselection
Primary & secondary syn signals are transmitted on each 0 and 10 slot
independent of BW PSS & SSS are transmitted on cental 62 sub cariers
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PSS 1-3
SSS 1-168
A1-A5 Intra Freq thresholds & B1-B2 Inter RAT
SIB 1 CUG Closed user group

SIB 9 Home ENodeB
Repeator= Re broadcast the data

Relaying = Receive, demodulate, decode, error correction and then re-transmitting a new signal
QPSK works very good at poor SINR because it does not use amplitude modulation
16QAM & 64QAM use amplitude modulation
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HSUPA
2006
Security Level
5.7MBPS
<100
HSPA+
2008/2009
28
11
<50
5
25
300
10
50
600
QPSK,16QAM,64QAM
QPSK,16QAM,64QAM
FreqtoTime
Time to Freq
5.2 Us first Symbol
16.7
4.7 other symbols
1 slot = 0.5ms 7 symbols normal CP

& 6 symbols for extended CP
UE is assign always 2 time slots
e frame consists of 10 sub frames, each of which is 1 ms in length. Each of sub frame consists of 2 slots,
of slots consists of 7 symbols, each of which is 66.7 us.
sub carrier contains Information related to one trnasmitted symbol

h sub carrier contains Information ralted to all the psecific symbols
SCFDMA has much lower PAPR (Peak to Average Power

Ratio) than OFDM. This is one of the reasons for the
choice of SC-OFDM for the uplink since the power
amplifier in the UE can be manufactured at a lower cost
then.
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9 QOS classes
4 GBR 5 non GBR
hbor Relation Table
EPS Bearer
S1 Bearer
S5 Bearer
eNodeB - Serving Gateway
Serving Gateway - Packet Gateway
End to End Bearer

EPS Bearer
S1 Bearer
eNodeB - Serving Gateway
S5 Bearer
Serving Gateway - Packet Gateway
End to End Bearer

ablish during UE Attach (Nominal Qos not specific, IP allocation)
cated Bearer (QOS, QCI 1 to 9) 4 GBR 5 Non GBR
End to End Bearer
be establish during UE Attach (Minimal Qos, IP allocation)
Dedicated Bearer (QOS, QCI 1 to 9)
er is there
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X2 is not mandatory
Good SINR improve coverage & Throughput
CQI reporting is normally PREODIC on PUCCH or on PUSCH when multiplexed with data
CQI can be NON PREODIC when requested by eNodeB and its always on PUSCH
next PDCCH
10subframes = 20 slots
carrier that has no information sent on it. This is an important
the mobile device to locate the center of the OFDM frequency band.
SIB1 Camp
SIB2 Access
SIB3 Mobility
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LTE
2010
150DL 75UL
48
10
LTE ADVANCE
15
75
900
20
100
1200
Security Level
100DL FAST
1G SLOW
1RB = 180khz 12 Sub carriers
cat4
cat5
150dl/75
300dl/75
2*2 mimo
4*4mimo
to cater inter symbol interference
8 Reference Signals per 1ms

on 4 frequencies
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Dedicated bearer can't

be build successfully
without default bearer
External Bearer
Packet Gateway to PDN
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Same IP Address
One PDN
Same IP Address
Second PDN
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hen multiplexed with data

its always on PUSCH
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15khz spacing
20mhz
20mhz
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Cell ID Detection and System Information Detection

i) Frequency Aquisition
ii) Primary Sync Signal Aquisition (Slot Timing Aquired, Secondary Sync Signal Scrambling Code Aquired)
iii) Secondary Sync Signal Aquisition (Frame timing Aquired, Cell Group ID sequence aquired)
iv) with PSS and SSS, Cell ID can be calculated
v) with Cell ID, Reference Signal Location is detected
vi) If Reference Signal Location is properly decoded, PBCH (MIB) can be detected
vii) From MIB, SFN and System BW can be detected
viii) Decode PCFICH and detect how many symbols are allocated for PDCCH.
ix) Decode DCI for SIB1 from PDCCH
x) Decode SIB1 and get the scheduling information for other SIBs
xi) Decode SIBs (other than SIB1)
One of the most important step for testing/troubleshooting around the initial registration is to check whether U
successfully complete the time-sync (step i) and ii)), but it is very hard to check this step with any kind of equi
One way to easily check whether UE succeeded in time-sync or not is to check from UE log whether UE success
decoded Cell ID or not. If UE successfully detected Cell ID, it means UE successfully completed the time-sync.
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No Spreading without Permission
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Random Access Response window size (ra-ResponseWindowSize): The random access response window (ra-window
duration monitoring the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in order for the UE to receive a Random Access Resp
message. If the UE fails to receive a valid random access response message until the Random Access Response window e
UE is capable of retransmitting the preamble.
mac-ContentionResolutionTimer (broadcast by SIB2). Specifies the number of consecutive subframe(s) during which th
monitor the PDCCH after Msg3 is transmitted
T300 starts after RRC connection Request if no RRC connection setup received and T300 fails its a failure
T302 stats after RRC rejection received and sets its value to wait timer which is received in RRC connection rejection message
So no access to current cell for T302 and if cell reselection occurred then T302 stops
SRB are signalling radio beares used only for the transmission of RRC & NAS msgs
Paging Capacity
is depended on MME Paging capacity & eNodeB paging capacity
CQI-PMI-ConfigIndex determines how often the UE is supposed to report CQI (channel quality Indicator) and PMI (pre-coding
RI-ConfigIndex determines how often the UE is supposed to report RI (Rank Indicator) on the PUCCH.
ROOT Sequence
Root sequence is also called ZC ROOT Sequence Its 839bits

for LTE there 0-837 ROOT sequence
It is used to generate Preambles
for Random Access procedure UE chooses one Preamble and send it to eNodeB
One Cell require 64 Preambles for Random Access
Ncs value is 93 bits in this example there are restricted (fast moving) and unrestricted values (slow moving) and orthognal rela
now as root sequence is 839bits so we can generate 839/93 = 9 preambles Preable format 0-3 839 and format 4 its 139bi
as cell use 64 preambles so to generate 64 we use 8 root sequence as 64/9 is 8
now this preamble is sent on PRACH in uplink and eNodeb responde in DL by RAR
this Ncs value is to send to UE by eNodeB in SIB2 on PDSCH.
if cell radium is 4.5km calculate Ncs & Root Requence
Ncs > 1.04875 * (6.67r (r in km) +TMD + 2) 5.208 (from preamble format table)
39.03762125
now from Ncs value table 49 is nearest to 46
so 839/46
18.24
one cell use 64 so 64/18.239
3.51
so 3.5 means 4 root sequences are required to generate 64 preambles for 4.5 unrestricted ncs value
for 200meters we need 1 root sequence to generate 64 Preambles and for 10km 8 RS are reuqreid
so its depends on the distance & motion type either fast or slow (unrestricted)
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In real network Ne site Root Sequence must be different and do not overlap as well other wise mobile will face INTERF
Summray
Cell radium tell Ncs = N
NCS can be calculate by formula Ncs> 1.04875 (6.67*r+TDM+2) or by the cell radium table
One root sequence can generate how any orthogonal preambles = floor(839/N)=M
One cell need how many root sequence = roundup (64/M) = X
SFN System Frame Number
The SFN (System Frame Number) which helps with synchronization and acts as a timing reference. The periodicity of MIB is 40 ms. A ne
every 40 ms when SFN mod 4 = 0 and within the 40 ms period, the same MIB is repeated every 10 ms (SFN field in MIB does not change,
actual SFN=4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, and 4n+3). MIB is always sent in subframe 0. Note that the SFN field in the MIB records only the most signific
actual SFN; the remaining 2 bits are determined by which of the 4 repetitions the UE is looking at (00 for the first copy, 01 for the second, and
SIB1 is sent with the periodicity of 80 ms when SFN mod 8=0 and is repeated when SFN mod 2 =0. In other words, a new SIB1 is sent ev
within the 80 ms period, the same SIB1 is repeated every 20 ms. SIB1 is always sent in subframe 5.
RESOURCE ELEMENT GROUP

Resource element groups are used for defining the mapping of control channels to resource elements.
For the control channel, the radio signaling, the Resource Block is not the adapted unit.
The control channels mapped on the Resource Elements Groups (REGs), which represent less radio resources
A REG is made up of 4 (or 6 if there are pilot sub-carriers) sub-carriers during 1 symbol.
The REG are grouped into the CCE (Control Channel Element)
PHICH (Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel )are located in one OFDM symbol in each su
http://lteuniversity.com/get_trained/expert_opinion1/b/hongyanlei/archive/2011/07/08/physical-hybrid-arq-indicator-channel-phic
The Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) in the downlink carries Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) acknowledgements (ACK/NA
uplink data transfers.
Multiple REGs groups are required by one PHICH and same sets of REGs groups can be used by different PHICH
ACK iss 111 & NAC is 000 so three bits are used for them. PHICH uses BPSK so 1 bit per sybmol means 3 bits
as PHICH are differentiated by orthogonality factor and PHICH group number
For normal cyclic prefix SF 4 is used by orthoganality factor so in totol 4*3 = 12 bits are required
as one REG groups is consists of 4 Resource Elements so 3 REGs are reuqired by one PHICH
as per the standard by 3GPP there could b 8 CPICH in CPICH group. In 10MHz e.g there are 7 PHICH groups
so in one PHICH group there could be 7 * 4 * 3 = 84 Res
Ng & bandwidth value in MIB
if NG = 1 and BW =10mhz then Ng * N_DL_RB/8 = 1* 50/8 = 6.25 means 7 PHICH groups and 56 PHICHS
PCFICH is always 4REG also appears in first OFDM symbol of each subframe
and always occupies 4REGs regardless the system bandwidth
The Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) is one of the control channels that works at physical layer. It is used
dynamically indicate the number of symbols to be used for PDCCH.
On one hand, the UE needs to decode PDCCH to know where to find SIB on PDSCH. On the other hand, PDCCH and PHICH
share the resources in the control region of a subframe and the set of the available resources for PDCCH depends on the PHI
configuration (PCFICH resources are fixed and known).
MSG3 = RRC Connection Request

MSG4 = RRC Connection Setup
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MSG5 = RRC Connection Setup Complete
Control Channel Element (CCE):
Each CCE contains 9 REGs, which are distributed across the first 1/2/3 (/4 if needed for a 1.4MHz channel) OFDM symbols a
bandwidth through interleaving to enable diversity and to mitigate interference.
PDCCH http://lteuniversity.com/get_trained/expert_opinion1/b/hongyanlei/archive/2011/05
PDCCH Dimensionsing http://lteuniversity.com/get_trained/expert_opinion1/b/hongyanlei/a

CFI = 2 means 1 & 2 OFDM symbols will be used for PDCCH
in 10 Mhz there are 50RB
means 50RB * 12 = 600 sub cariers
means 50RB * 12 * 2 = 1200 Res
RES for PHICH = 7 PHICH groups * 3 REGs * 4 RES per REGs = 84
RES for PCFICH = 4 REGs = 16RES
RES for RS (reference signals) 4 * 50 = 200
RES for PDCCH = 1200- 200-84-16 = 900
Each CCE consits of 9REG = 36RES
sp floor (900/36) = 25
formual to calcualte PHICH

Ng * DL RB / 8
in 10 mhz there are 50 DL RB
if Ng =1 then PHICH = 1 * 50 /8 = 7PHICH
Similarly for 5 MHZ and Ng =1 its 1* 25/ 8 = 4
Another example of PDCCH dimensioning with 20HZ

No of RB = 100
No of sub cariers = 100*12 = 1200
Since CFI = 3
so 1, 2, & 3 OFDM symbol will be used for PDCCH
so total number of RES = 1200 * 3 = 3600
CHFICH = 4REGs = 16RES
RS = 4 * 100 = 400
PHICH
if Ng = 1 so Ng * DL RB / 8 = 1*100/8 = 13PHICH groups
RES for PHICH = 13 PHICH groups * 3 REGs * 4RES = 156
Total RES for PDCCH = 3600 - 16 - 400- 156 = 3028
as CCE is 9 REG means 9 * 4 = 36 RES
Number of CCE = floor ( 3028/36) = 84
More CCEs means more PDCCH capacity
PDCCH are assigned seperately for signalling & data

The control signaling overhead includes SIBs, paging, PRACH response, and uplink Transmit Power Control (TPC) commands
The frequency of the control signaling transmission depends on the system configuration.
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Knowing the PDCCH capacity, dynamic PDCCH allocation can be used to improve throughput. If the number of active users is
OFDM symbols are used; if there are more active users in the system, more OFDM symbols will be allocated for the PDCCH.
CN
The CN also tracks the mobility of inactive terminals (i.e., terminals in power saving state).
E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN performs all radio related functions for active terminals (i.e. terminals sending data).
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matrix indicator) on the PUCCH.
39.037 1.04875 * ( 6.67*4.5 + TDM + 2)

37.22241
5.207408
gt
ts
0.203125ms
tseq
7.3104 *10-8
0.795275
1.795275
119.2913
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0.0016
1.6
0.196875

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ERENCE sending PREAMBLE
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269.2913
29.53125
61.16693
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20/pdcch-construction.aspx
chive/2011/09/19/pdcch-dimensioning.aspx
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LTE system information is one of the key aspects of the air interface. It consists of the Master Information Block (MIB) and a number of Syste
1.
The MIB is the first thing a UE looks for after it achieves downlink synchronization. The MIB carries the most essential information that
The downlink channel bandwidth

The PHICH configuration. The Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel carries the HARQ ACKs and NACKs for uplink transmissions
The SFN (System Frame Number) which helps with synchronization and acts as a timing reference
The eNB transmit antenna configuration specifying the number of transmit antennas at eNB such as 1, 2, or 4, which is carried by CRC m
2.
SIB1 is carried in a SystemInformationBlockType1 message. It includes information related to UE cell access and defines the schedule
The PLMN Identities of the network
The tracking area code (TAC) and cell ID
The cell barring status, to indicate if a UE may camp on the cell or not
q-RxLevMin, which indicates the minimum required Rx Level in the cell to fulfill the cell selection criteria
The transmissions times and periodicities of other SIBs
3.
SIB2 contains radio resource configuration information common for all UEs, including:
The uplink carrier frequency and the uplink channel bandwidth (in terms of the number of Resource Blocks, for example n25, n50)
The Random Access Channel (RACH) configuration, which helps a UE start the random access procedure, such as preamble information
The paging configuration, such as the paging cycle
The uplink power control configuration, such as P0-NominalPUSCH/PUCCH
The Sounding Reference Signal configuration
The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) configuration to support the transmission of ACK/NACK, scheduling requests, and CQI re
The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) configuration, such as hopping
4.
SIB3 contains information common for intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and/or inter-RAT cell reselection. This information does not nec
s-IntraSearch: the threshold for starting intra-frequency measurement. When s-ServingCell (i.e., cell selection criterion for serving cell) is
s-NonIntraSearch: the threshold for starting inter-frequency and IRAT measurements
q-RxLevMin: the minimum required Rx level in the cell
Cell reselection priority: the absolute frequency priority for E-UTRAN or UTRAN or GERAN or CDMA2000 HRPD or CDMA2000 1xRTT
q-Hyst: the hysteresis value used for calculating the cell-ranking criteria for the serving cell, based on RSRP.
t-ReselectionEUTRA: the cell reselection timer value for EUTRA. t-ReselectionEUTRA and q-Hyst can be configured to trigger cell resele
5.
SIB4 contains the intra-frequency neighboring cell information for Intra-LTE intra-frequency cell reselection, such as neighbor cell list, b
6.
SIB5 contains the neighbor cell related information for Intra-LTE inter-frequency cell-reselection, such as neighbor cell list, carrier frequ
(Note that 3GPP states that LTE neighbor cell search is feasible without providing an explicit neighbor list. Since the UE can do blind detectio
In E-UTRAN, SIBs 6, 7, 8 carry information for IRAT cell reselection to UTRAN, GERAN, and CDMA2000 systems respectively. SIB 1
7.
SIB6 contains information for IRAT cell reselection to UTRAN, such as:
Carrier frequency List: a list of neighboring UTRAN carrier frequencies

Cell reselection priority: the absolute priority
Q_RxLevMin: the minimum required Rx level
ThreshX-high/ThreshX-low: threshold used by the UE when reselecting a higher/lower priority frequency than the current serving frequen
T-ReselectionURTA: cell reselection timer value for UTRAN
Speed dependent reselection parameters
In UTRAN, the IRAT related information is broadcasted in SIBs 6, 18, 19, as well as SIBs 3 and 4. SIB 19 is new to 3GPP Release 8.
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SIB7 contains information for IRAT cell reselection to GERAN, such as:
Carrier Frequency Info List: a list of neighboring GERAN carrier frequencies

Cell reselection priority: the absolute priority
Q_RxLevMin: the minimum required Rx level
ThreshX-high/ThreshX-low: threshold used by the UE when reselecting a higher/lower priority frequency than the current serving frequen
T-ReselectionGERA: cell reselection timer value for GERAN
Speed dependent reselection parameter
In GSM/GERAN, system information from second quarter is modified in 3GPP Release 8 to include LTE-related cell-reselection paramete
9.
SIB8 contains information for IRAT cell reselection to eHRPD (evolved High Rate Packet Data, which is the 1xEV-DO Rev.A with th
Information for searching eHRPD: carrier frequencies, system time info for PN synchronization, and the search window size
Pre-registration info for eHRPD (optional): required or not. The pre-registration procedure intends to minimize the service interruption time
Cell reselection thresholds and parameters: ThreshX-high, ThreshX-low, T-reselectionCDMA2000, Speed dependent reselection paramet
Neighbor cell list for monitoring potential eHRPD target cells.
10. SIB9 contains a Home eNB name. The home eNB is the femto-cell in the context of LTE, a small base station used in residential are
11. SIB10 is for an ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) primary notification. ETWS is a public warning system. The pagin
12. SIB11 is for an ETWS secondary notification.
The transmission time and periodicity for the MIB and SIB1 are fixed by the specifications. A UE knows exactly when to listen for them. Th
The periodicity of MIB is 40 ms. A new MIB is sent every 40 ms when SFN mod 4 = 0 and within the 40 ms period, the same MIB is repea
SIB1 is sent with the periodicity of 80 ms when SFN mod 8=0 and is repeated when SFN mod 2 =0. In other words, a new SIB1 is sent ev
The periodicities of SIB2 and up are configurable, and can be set to 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 or 512 radio frames. These SIBs can be grou
In order to make sure the SIBs are received by the UE, an SI-window is defined to enable multiple transmissions of the SI message within
The following figure shows an example of the configuration of the periodicities of SIBs 2, 3, 6, and 7. Here, we use two SI messages, SI1
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wideband, UE selected subband, and higher layer configured subband.
CQI (Channel Quality Indication) report is an important element of LTE and has significant impact on the system performance. There are two
The granularity of CQI report can be divided into three levels: wideband, UE selected subband, and higher layer configured subband. The wid
If closed loop MIMO is used, PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) and RI (Rank Indication) are also reported. PMI indicates the codebook (pre-ag
There are seven transmission modes in LTE, each one is corresponding to certain multiple antenna techniques. For each transmission mode
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ock (MIB) and a number of System Information Blocks (SIBs). The MIB is broadcast on the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), while SIBs are sent on the
e most essential information that is needed for the UE to acquire other information from the cell. It includes:
CKs for uplink transmissions
, or 4, which is carried by CRC mask for PBCH

access and defines the schedules of other SIBs, such as:
ks, for example n25, n50)

re, such as preamble information, transmit time in terms of frame and subframe number (prach-ConfigInfo), and powerRampingParameters which indicate
scheduling requests, and CQI reports
on. This information does not necessarily apply to all scenarios; please refer to 3GPP TS 36.304 for the details. The basic parameters include:
ection criterion for serving cell) is higher than s-IntraSearch, the UE may choose not to perform measurement in order to save battery life.
0 HRPD or CDMA2000 1xRTT
e configured to trigger cell reselection sooner or later.

ction, such as neighbor cell list, black cell list, and Physical Cell Identities (PCIs) for Closed Subscriber Group (CSG). CSG can be used to support Home e
as neighbor cell list, carrier frequency, cell reselection priority, threshold used by the UE when reselecting a higher/lower priority frequency than the current
Since the UE can do blind detection of neighbor cells in LTE, the broadcast of LTE neighbor cells is optional.)
00 systems respectively. SIB 1 and SIB 3 also carry IRAT related information.
than the current serving frequency
9 is new to 3GPP Release 8.
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than the current serving frequency
-related cell-reselection parameters.
hich is the 1xEV-DO Rev.A with the support of connectivity to Evolved Packet Core of LTE), such as:
search window size

mize the service interruption time and accelerate the handover by allowing the UE to pre-register with the CDMA 2000 eHRPD system when the UE is still
d dependent reselection parameter. The E-UTRAN can prioritize the selection of the technology by the UE by setting the cell reselection parameters proper
ase station used in residential area or by small businesses.
public warning system. The paging procedure is used to inform the ETWS capable UEs in RRC idle and RRC connected modes to listen to SIB10 and SIB1
xactly when to listen for them. The transmission time and periodicities of other SIBs are configurable and scheduled by SIB1.
ms period, the same MIB is repeated every 10 ms (SFN field in MIB does not change, although the actual SFN=4n, 4n+1, 4n+2, and 4n+3). MIB is always s
ther words, a new SIB1 is sent every 80 ms and within the 80 ms period, the same SIB1 is repeated every 20 ms. SIB1 is always sent in subframe 5.
frames. These SIBs can be grouped into a set of SI (System Information) messages which are transmitted with different periodicities. All of the SIBs contain
missions of the SI message within the window. The length of the SI-window can be set to 1, 2, 5 10, 15, 20 or 40 ms. Within an SI-window, only one SI mess
re, we use two SI messages, SI1 and SI2. SI1 contains SIB2 and SIB3 with a periodicity of 16 radio frames, while SI2 contains SIB6 and SIB7 with a period
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subband.
tem performance. There are two types of CQI report in LTE: periodic and aperiodic. The periodic CQI report is carried by PUCCH. But if the UE needs to se
ayer configured subband. The wideband report provides one CQI value for the entire downlink system bandwidth. The UE selected subband CQI report div
MI indicates the codebook (pre-agreed parameters) the eNB should use for data transmission over multiple antennas based on the evaluation of received re
ues. For each transmission mode, certain combination of CQI report is defined in the specs, based on periodic/aperiodic, wideband/UE selected subband/h
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PBCH), while SIBs are sent on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) through Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages. SIB1 is carried by "Sys
mpingParameters which indicates the initial Tx power and ramping step.
parameters include:
ave battery life.
G can be used to support Home eNBs.

riority frequency than the current serving frequency, etc.
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RPD system when the UE is still connected with the E-UTRAN. When the UE is connected to eHRPD, it may also pre-register with E-UTRAN. The pre-regis
ell reselection parameters properly.
modes to listen to SIB10 and SIB11.
4n+2, and 4n+3). MIB is always sent in subframe 0. Note that the SFN field in the MIB records only the most significant 8 bits of the actual SFN; the remain
always sent in subframe 5.
eriodicities. All of the SIBs contained within a single SI message should have the same periodicity.
n an SI-window, only one SI message can be sent, and may be repeated multiple times. When a UE tries to acquire an SI message, it listens from the starti
ains SIB6 and SIB7 with a periodicity of 64 radio frames. Assume that the SI-window length is 10 ms (1 radio frame).
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UCCH. But if the UE needs to send UL data in the same subframe as the scheduled periodic CQI report, the periodic CQI report will use the PUSCH, toget
selected subband CQI report divides the system bandwidth into multiple subbands, selects a set of preferred subbands (the best M subbands), then reports
d on the evaluation of received reference signal. RI indicates the number of transmission layers that the UE can distinguish. Spatial multiplexing can be sup
wideband/UE selected subband/higher layer configured subband, No PMI/single PMI/multiple PMI. Since RI changes slower than CQI/PMI, it is reported wit
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essages. SIB1 is carried by "SystemInformationBlockType 1" message. SIB2 and other SIBs are carried by "SystemInformation (SI)" message. An SI mess
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ster with E-UTRAN. The pre-registration may happen well ahead of the actual handover. The registration Zone ID is also given (eHRPD or 1xEV-DO Sessio
bits of the actual SFN; the remaining 2 bits are determined by which of the 4 repetitions the UE is looking at (00 for the first copy, 01 for the second, and so o
message, it listens from the starting of the SI-window until the SI message is received.
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report will use the PUSCH, together with UL data transmission. This is because a UE can't transmit on both PUCCH and PUSCH simultaneously. In this ca
e best M subbands), then reports one CQI value for the wideband and one differential CQI value for the set (assume transmission only over the selected M
h. Spatial multiplexing can be supported only when RI>1. For spatial multiplexing, CQI is reported based on per codeword. The maximum number of codew
r than CQI/PMI, it is reported with a longer interval on periodic report. It is reported together with CQI/PMI on aperiodic report since the resource on PUSCH
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ation (SI)" message. An SI message can contain one or several SIBs.
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ven (eHRPD or 1xEV-DO Sessions belong to an RNC and hence apply to certain zones).
copy, 01 for the second, and so on.)
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PUSCH simultaneously. In this case, the periodic PUCCH resource will be idle. Since periodic CQI report brings in the "always on" signaling overhead, the r
mission only over the selected M subbands). The higher layer configured subband report provides the highest granularity. It divides the entire system bandw
The maximum number of codeword in LTE is two.
port since the resource on PUSCH is less limited.
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ays on" signaling overhead, the report granularity is relatively rough. In order to get more detail CQI report, the eNB can trigger aperiodic CQI report when n
It divides the entire system bandwidth into multiple subbands, then reports one wideband CQI value and multiple differential CQI values, one for each subb
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gger aperiodic CQI report when needed. The aperiodic CQI report is transmitted on PUSCH, together with UL data or alone.
al CQI values, one for each subband.
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MLB= Mobility Load Balance (Only for inter freq or IRAT) nor for Itra Freq
Trigering Factor ( PRB Utiliation & Number of UE's)
Air Interface Load = PRB Usage & Number of UE's in synchronized state
Hardware Load = CPU & DSP
Transport Network Layer Load = S1 Bandwidth usage
MRO
SON
Mobility Robust Optimiation

Self Organizing Network
MRO collects handover performance statistics for different scenarios, identifies abnormal handover scenarios, and optimizes
handover-related parameter settings. MRO helps to reduce the number of abnormal radio link failures (RLFs) caused by prem
and delayed handovers, handovers to wrong cells, or ping-pong handovers to achieve better resource utilization and improve
experience
the triggering quantity and reporting quantity used in handover measurements for MRO are based on reference signal received
1)- Handover scenario identification
2)- Handover scenario handling
3)- Result monitoring
OPTperiod MRO Optimization Period

Collects HO related measurements (successful handover and abnormal senarios"early/delayed/ping pong HO) in this period an
When OPTperiod approches its end MRO make parameter adjustments based on number of abnormal HO
er scenarios, and optimizes the

es (RLFs) caused by premature
rce utilization and improve user
on reference signal received power (RSRP).
pong HO) in this period and then make a decision

LTE Rough Guide

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264020134.

MIB contains RB infor

100 radio frame per second

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

If current modulation is QPSK it can not be changed to 16QAM/64QAM without re

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

1 radio frame = 10ms means 10 sub frames

SC-FDMA Peak to average power ratio is low PAPR

Localoized: contaguious subscarrier is better than distributed evenly spaced sub-carriers

Preodic TAU upon the expiry of timer T3412

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

TAI= MCC + MNC + TAC

End to End Bea

End to End Bea

End to End Bea

No radio & S1 Bearer but S5 & External Bearer is there

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

LTE AIR INTERFACE

MAX number of PCI is 504

DC stands for Direct Current and it is a subcarrier that has no information

SIB 4 intra freq ne LTE

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

A1-A5 Intra Freq thresholds & B1-B2 Inter RAT

SIB 1 CUG Closed user group

Repeator= Re broadcast the data

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

4.7 other symbols

1 slot = 0.5ms 7 symbols normal CP

UE is assign always 2 time slots

sub carrier contains Information related to one trnasmitted symbol

SCFDMA has much lower PAPR (Peak to Average Power

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

hbor Relation Table

eNodeB - Serving Gateway

Serving Gateway - Packet Gateway

End to End Bearer

End to End Bearer

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Good SINR improve coverage & Throughput

carrier that has no information sent on it. This is an important

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Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

1RB = 180khz 12 Sub carriers

to cater inter symbol interference

8 Reference Signals per 1ms

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Dedicated bearer can't

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

hen multiplexed with data

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Huawei Proprietary - Restricted Distribution

Cell ID Detection and System Information Detection

Confidential Information of Huawei.

Root sequence is also called ZC ROOT Sequence Its 839bits

Confidential Information of Huawei.

SFN System Frame Number

RESOURCE ELEMENT GROUP