Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
NOTES:
distribution
profit
efficient
produce
expensively
petroleum
joint ventures
stock exchange
marketplace
attend
purpose
perform
a)
produce efficiently.
b)
specialize in.
c)
lack or cannot produce efficiently.
2. Specialization often results in
a)
growth of population.
b)
increased output.
c)
decreased costs.
3. Ukraine is able to natural resourses.
a)
import
b)
design
c) export
4. These international are organized through joint ventures, stock
exchange or different multinational companies.
c)
meetings
d)
relations
c) conversations
5. During meetings business people must their own ideas and thoughts.
a)
express.
b)
discuss.
c)
proclaim.
Ex.3. Match the equivalents between the English and Ukrainian words
and expressions.
1) complex business environment, 2) efficiently, 3) become well-known,
4) social systems, 5) operate, 6) export or import goods, 7) tend to, 8)
foreign partners, 9) through, 10) different activities.
1) , 2) ( ), 3) , 4), 5)
, 6) , 7)
(), 8) , 9)
( ), 10) .
Ex. 4. Use the words to make the meaningful sentences.
1. Used, many, a, word, languages, is, business, in.
2. Export, countries, those, naturally, things, that, produce, they, better,
can.
3. Equipment, Ukraine, technical, to import, tends.
4. Corporation, environment, operates, in a complex, a multinational,
business.
5. Spend, business people, every, in, conferences, time, a lot of.
Ex.6. Translate the words in the brackets and put the sentences into the
right order to make the text.
1. English () such function now.
2. For () business, nations export or import goods.
3. For this () the language of communication is needed.
4. They have informal and formal () during their meetings.
5. These international relations are organized through (
), () or different multinational companies.
Ex. 3. Translate the sentences and underline the verbs of the main and
subbordinate clause.
1.
I know that he lives in Britain.
2.
I knew that he lived in Britain.
3.
She thinks that he is working in the office now.
4.
She thought that he was working in the office that moment.
5.
We found that they completed the report yesterday.
6.
They found that we had completed the report by the day before.
7.
When she learned that all her colleagues had left, she was very
surprised
8.
Their boss promises that he will pay out the salary to the employees
on time.
9.
Their boss promised that he would pay out the salary to the
employees on time.
10.
We were sure that he was telling the truth about what had happened
and what he would undertake in future.
Ex. 4. Translate the sentences and underline the verbs of the main and
subbordinate clause.
1. She is a student.
I know that ..
I knew that ..
2. Mark does not perform duties at work well.
I find that .....
Last year I found that ..... , but I hope he does now.
3. Our office workers learn English.
I know that .....
When I worked in a big corporation I knew that our .....
4. They are passing exams this month.
I am sure that .....
I was sure then that .....
5. My groupmates have just come from Germany.
My groupmates boast that.....
Last week my groupmates boasted that.....
6. He will be an excellent worker in future.
The Director thinks that .....
The Director thought that .....
7. The secretary will not cope with this matter.
REPORTED SPEECH
today
then
that
ago
Ex. 11. Work in pairs and complete the conversation.
Adam is talking to Beatrice about a friend, George. B has not heard the same
as A.
that
Model: A. George doesnt like his new job.
B. But he told me he loved (love) it!
a) A. He loves living in London.
B. But he told me _______ ! (hate)
b) A. Hes moving to Canada.
B. But he told me _______ ! (Australia)
c) A. His girlfriend has left him.
B. But he told me ________! (he / leave / her)
d) A. Shell be thirty next week.
B. But she told me ________! (twenty - one)
e) A. He went to Amsterdam for his last holiday
B. But he told me ________! (Barbodos)
f) A. He cant give up smoking!
B. But he told me ________! (three years ago)
g) A. He was given the sack last week.
B. But he told me ________! (promotion)
h) A. Hes fallen in love with a French girl.
B. But he told me _________! (with me)
5.
She said that they might come in and write the test.
1.
All newspapers wrote that this currency rate was growing those days.
2.
The Director reported that our company had made a good profit the
previous year.
3.
We were said that our equipment was not working then.
4.
My groupmate said that the next lecture would be on the second
floor.
5.
The news announcer said that the petroleum price had risen very fast
last week.
Ex. 11. Translate the sentences into English.
1.
, .
2.
, .
3.
, .
4.
, (to miss) .
5.
, .
Ex. 10. Transform the following sentences with modal verbs into
indirect speech.
1.
She said, You may go with me.
2.
Tom said, I would like some white coffee without sugar.
3.
The General Manager said, You must wear suits at work.
4.
You sould understand the problems of your children and help
them, my friend advised me.
5.
They said, Our plant cannot produce such technical equipment.
6.
You must not speak over the phone during the lessons, the teacher
warned his students.
7.
Mary said to Bill, I think you can make good presentations.
1.
,
.
2.
,
.
3.
, .
4.
(guide) , .
5.
,
.
Unit II
TEXT A
native language
foreign language
reason
widely
entertainment
spread
communication
broadcast
dominate
science
negotiations
make contract
transaction
, 4) , 5) , 6) , 7) , 8)
, 9) , 10) .
Ex.3. Are these sentences true or false? Express your agreement or
disagreement. Use the phrases:
Agreement phrases
Disagreement phrases
Certainly
Nothing of the kind
It is really so
I dont think so
Exactly so
Im afraid you are wrong
1. By 1900 England had had a lot of colonies in Asia, Africa and the South
Pacific.
2. Everybody knows how many people speak English as a foreign
language.
3. English dominates science, business and technology.
4. More than 250 million people speak English as the native language.
5. Nowadays English is a mother tongue in all the countries all over the
world.
6. English is an official language in former British colonies.
7. The world-wide popularity of Hollywood films helped to spread the use
of English.
8. Businessmen do not need English in their work.
Ex.4. Translate the words in the brackets and put the sentences into the
right order to make the text.
1. English is an international language of () and tourism,
() and computers, business.
2. () has helped to spread the use of English.
3. They also use English to make () and ().
4. There are many () why English is so () spoken today.
Grammar Exercises
Ex. 1. Study the table and consult the Grammar Focus.( p.106)
Ex. 2. Rewrite the sentences into the Reported Speech and translate
them.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
guest.
The earliest kind of mass media was newspaper. The first newspaper
started in 59 BC. Newspapers can present and comment on the news in much
detail in comparison to radio and TV newscasts.
Radio and TV appeared only in the last century. The most exciting and
entertaining kind of mass media is television. It brings moving pictures and
sounds directly to peoples homes.
Radio is widespread for its portability. People like listening to the radio
on the beach or picnic, while driving a car or just walking down the street.
The main kind of radio entertainment is music.
But the most important thing that newspapers, radio or TV bring to
people is information. Complete and accurate information is very important
to get nowadays.
Usually daily mass media carry some international, state and local
news, focus public attention on the most urgent problems of the society.
They also contain some other topics like health care, arts and so on.
Advertising is also paid much attention to in mass media. It helps
people to get oriented in variety of goods and services on the market.
The beginning of the Ukrainian press is considered the Kharkiv
Weekly, founded in 1812.
Today Ukraine has a large variety of newspapers and magazines of all
kinds: national and local, official and private, special newspapers for
children, women, etc. There are also a lot of free newspapers in our
country, which specialize only in advertising.
TV in Ukraine is mostly presented with private TV channels, there are
local channels, each serving a different part of the country or a city.
Nearly 5,000 periodicals are published in the United Kingdom. They
are usually classed as either quality or popular papers. The popular
papers try to attract more general readers, with pictures and sensational
stories. The quality papers are for more serious readers, they comment on
events of international, political or economic interest, etc.
MASS MEDIA
Today we can`t imagine our life without mass media. The mass media
include newspapers, magazines, radio and television. They serve to inform
people of different events that take place or may happen, entertain people.
10
The most popular television and radio company in Great Britain is the
BBC (British Broadcasting Company). The BBC has two television
channels: BBC1 and BBC2. The BBC is financed by payments which are
made by all people who have TV-sets. There is no advertising on any BBC
program.
NOTES:
imagine
events
take place
widespread
complete information
accurate information
attention
urgent
health care
variety
to be considered
advertising
present
periodicals
attract
payments
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
'
Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from text B.
1) Nearly 5 thousand ______ are published in the UK.
2) No __ is placed in any BBC radio or TV programs.
11
10) Television is the most ______ and ______ kind of mass media.
Ex. 4. Translate the words in the brackets and put the sentences into the
right order to make the text.
1. TV in Ukraine is mostly () with private, local
channels, etc.
2. The BBC is financed by () made by all people who have TVsets.
3. The most important thing that newspapers, radio or TV bring to
people is ().
4. They serve to inform people of different () that ( )
or may happen.
5. Mass media carry some international state and local news, focus
public () on the most () problems of the society.
6. The earliest kind of ( ) was newspaper.
12
11. BBC ,
.
B: Mary:
Ann:
John:
Peter:
C:
A.:
B.:
A.:
B.:
D: A.:
B.:
A.:
B.:
13
6. , .
7. , .
8. .
9. , .
10. , .
Module I Unit I
distribution (n)
profit (n)
efficient (adj)
variety of goods(n)
(to) produce (v)
joint venture (n)
stock exchange (n)
(to) attend the meeting (v)
exchange (n)
item, goods, product (n)
(to) tend to (v)
(to) increase (v)
(to) perform (v)
activity (n)
production (n)
expensively
petroleum (n)
through (n)
joint venture (n)
14
popularity (n)
(to) dominate (v)
science (n)
communication (n)
(to) broadcast (v)
negotiation(talks) (n)
(to) make contract (v)
transaction (n)
needs (n)
(to) spread (v)
Module I Unit III
dvertising (n)
(to) imagine (v)
without
(to) include (v)
(to) serve (v)
event (n)
(to) take place (v)
(to) present (v)
in comparison to
(to) appear (v)
exciting (adj)
widespread (adj)
portability
complete (adj)
accurate (adj)
attention (n)
urgent (adj)
15
()
, ,
( ),
, ,
health care
attention (n)
payment (n)
(to) attract (v)
(to) broadcast (v)
detail (n)
(to) entertain (v)
entertainment(n)
event (n)
(to) get oriented (v)
(to) pay attention(v)
society (n)
(to) take place (v)
variety (n)
widespread (adj)
-
,
, ,
Past Indefinite Past Continuous.
Say and respond as in the model:
- I enjoy skiing.
- And I thought you enjoyed skating
Prompts:
1. to play football
2. to be going to the Academy
3. to like ice-cream
4. to go to the swimming pool
5. to be busy with translation
,
,
, ,
, ,
II -
,
, Past Perfect.
.
Say and respond as in the model:
- He won a very important game.
- I didnt know that he had won a very important game.
, .
Prompts:
1. to watch an interesting film
2. to play football in his childhood
3. to win an important victory
4. to congratulate their parents on Wedding anniversary
5. to be given a watch as a present
GRAMMAR FOCUS
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
REPORTED (INDIRECT) SPEECH
-
.
, -
.
16
III -
,
, Future-in-the-Past
( ).
He says: The hockey match begins at He says that the hockey match begins
seven.
seven.
.
IV
, .
She says: Im going to the party.
She says that she is going to the party.
The chemistry teacher said that water boils ,
She says: He has brought his textbook.
She says that he has brought his textbo
at 100 C.
t 100.
The doctor said that it is important to keep ,
to say
fit.
.
, , (
to), to say
- ,
to tell,
.
, :
to say ,
.
Present Simple Past Simple
17
She says to him: You will become a good She tells him that he will become a good
.
lawyer.
lawyer.
not.
He says: I want to be a world champion. He says that he wants to be a world
to say to ask, to
champion.
tell, to order .
Indirect (Reported) Speech. Questions.
Close the door at once, he said to He told the boy to close the door at
the boy.
once.
, ,
Please, dont give up, the mother The mother asked her son not to
(indirect questions) .
asked her son.
give up.
: (
). do /does/ did
.
:
to say to ask
.
,
if whether.
this
that
these
those
( ) .
now
then
here
there
Do you know the secretary?, I I asked them if (whether) they knew
today
that day
asked them.
the secretary.
yesterday
the day before
What country do you come from?, Bill asked what country I came
tomorrow
the next day
she asked Bill.
from.
ago
before
Why did you decide to go to He asked her why she had decided
next
the next
Ethiopia?, he asked her.
to go to Ethiopia.
the following
last
the previous
Indirect (Reported Speech). Imperatives (requests, commands etc.)
18
Direct speech
She said, I write reports every day
Present Simple
She said, I am writing the report
now
Present Continious
She said, I have writen the report
by now.
Present Perfect
She said, I wrote the report
yesterday.
Past Simple
She said, I will write the report
tomorrow
Future Simple
She said, I can write this report
She said, I may write this report
She said, I might write this report
She said, I must write this report
She said, I would like to write this
report
She said, I ought to write this
report
She said, I have to write this
Indirect speech
She said that she wrote reports every
day
Past Simple
She said that she was writing the
report then.
Past Continious
She said that she had writen the
report by that time
Past Perfect
She said that she had writen the
report the day before.
Past Perfect
She said that she would write the
report the next day.
Futurein-the-Past
She said that she could write that
report.
She said that she might write that
report.
She said that she might write that
report.
She said that she had to write that
report.
She said that she would like to write
that report.
She said that she ought to write that
report.
She said that she had to write that
report
She said, Do it.
She said, Don`t do it.
She said, Do you work in this
office?
She said, Where do you live?
19
report.
She said to do it.
She said not to do it.
She asked if I worked in that office
She asked where I lived.