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48414Lb 0 0 2 8 2 5 0 T O 2
DOC9137-ANI898
Part 3
PART 3
BIRD CONTROL AND REDUCTION
THIRD EDITION - 1991
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AIRPORT SERVICES
MANUAL
I C A O 9337 P A R T S 3
**
The Catalogue of
ICAO Publications
Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications
currently available.
Monthly supplements announce new publications, amendments,
supplements, reprints, etc.
Available free from the Document Sales Unit, E A 0
I C A O 9337 P A R T * 3
**
Airport Services
Manual
(DOC9137-AN/898)
Part 3
Bird Control and Reduction
Third Edition - 1991
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I C A O 9337 P A R T S 3
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4 8 4 3 4 L b 0028253 713 W
AMENDMENTS
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The issue of amendments is announced in the rCA0 Journal and in the monthly
supplements to the Catalogue of ZCAO Publications, which holders of this
publication should consult. These amendments are available free upon request.
(ii)
Foreword
(iig
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I C A O 9337 P A R T * 3
**
Table of Contents
Page
Page
Chapter 1
1.1
General ...........................
..............................
History
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
General ..............................
The role of headquarters ...............
Roleof the regional office .............
Roleof the airport manager ............
Role of the wildlife co-ordinator and the
airport wildlife control committee .......
The importance of reporting ............
3
3
3
3
Chapter 5
Aircraft Operators
.................
10
.................
12
General ..............................
Auditory deterrents ....................
Visual deterrents ......................
Barriers ..............................
Lethal chemicals ......................
Repellent chemicals ....................
Third-party chemicals ..................
Traps ................................
Miscellaneous techniques ...............
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
3
4
15
16
17
Appendix
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References
........................
19
I C A O 9137 P A R T * 3
**
Chapter 1
General
costs of lifting the aircraft out of the mud and getting it
back into service were estimated at over U.S.$f.5 million.
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1.1 HISTORY
I C A O 9337 P A R T * 3
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4 8 4 1 4 3 b 0028257 3 6 7
Chapter 2
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2.2 A national committee should include the Departments of Transport and Defence, major aircraft operators
and airports, pilots associations and engine manufacturers. Departments of the Environment and Agriculture
may be advisors of the committee from time to time. The
status of the participants should depend on the situation
and the needs of the State.
I C A O 9L37 P A R T * 3
**
Chapter 3
3.3.2 Longterm activities such as building modifications, drainage and changes to vegetation will have to be
planned and budgeted for as part of the planning process
at the site. Recommendations for the development and
implementation of control activities are identified at the
site with assistance from the regional office.
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 A good organizational structure
can
make
dealing with bird strike hazards much simpler. It also
makes policy implementation much easier. Effective
wildlife control policies and programmes should be
centrally administered by the national authority responsible for airports.
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I C A O 9337 P A R T * 3
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4.
indude- airport maintenance, air traffic services, flight
services, rescue and fire fighting services, security, duty
managers, marketing, planning, finance, etc. The
committee must -review strike reports an&daily activity
records to determine effective control measures.
.=
3.5.2 The
airport
wildlife co-ordinafor should
establish theresponsibiEities ofthevarious officesinvolved.
;The officers respansibilities.must permit the time required
to co-ordinate end be invdvedinbird
control and
reporting, The bird hazard co-ordinator at the site must
review strike reports, dairy activity records and maintenance reports to determine the requirement for short or
tong term control programmes. Proper cost-effective
control measures need proper reporting.
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Send to:
..............................
Aircraft MakelModel ....................
Operator
om2
.....................
AircraftRegistration
....................
oyoe
rn
10
.....................
Runway Used ..........................
fog
rain
Bird Species'
14
17
OE
OF
OG
Reported by
Seen42
Strucku
@A
O A
Struck
0
0
19
(7
21
2-10
E6
0 6
11-100
more
oc
O C
OD
OD
Size of Bird44
OH
small
medium
large
OM
OL
OY
Part@) of Aircraft
Os
Damaged
18
022
0
0
0
23
0
24
025
0
0
026
41
16
radome
windshield
nose (excluding above)
engine no. 1
2
3
4
propeller
wingkotor
fuselage
landing gear
tail
lights
other (specify)
.........
Number of Birds
15
en route
descent
Oc
approach
OD landing roll
0
3
8
Om
Om
snow
13
..................
Height AGL ............ f f
Speed (IAS) ............
kt
OA
OB
Oc
Precipitation
11m
Locationif En Route..
OA
OB
0%
nocloud
some cloud
overcast
08
Aerodrome Name..
parked
taxi
take-off run
climb
0s
Sky Condition 37
Phase of Flight
0s
033
0%
07
day
Localtime..
none
abortedtake-off
precautionary landing
engines shutdown
other(specify)
o m
Engine MakelModel
Date
Effect on Flight
27
028
029
030
31.
0
0
0
0
..................................
FiguFe 3-1.
Birdstrikereporting
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46147
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
(Optional)'
no Ox
form
? I C A O 9337 PART83
**
484143b00282b3898
m
Airport Services Manual
6
A.
BASIC DATA
......................................................................
Aircraft MakelModel ...........................................................
Engine
MakelModel
............................................................
Aircraft Registration.. .........................................................
strike of Date
day ............month . . . . . . . . , , . . y e a r . . . . . . . . . . . .
:....................
Aerodrome/Location if known.. ............................
Operator
B.
03104
05106
07
08
11/12H4
COST INFORMATION
Aircraft time. out of service
C.
01/02
..............................................
hours
52
U S . $ (in thousands).
..................
53
U S . $ (in
thousands).
..................
54
56
58
uncontained failure
OA
O A
fire
O B
OB
- vibration
oc
oc
- temperature
0 0
0 0
OE
D E
OY
O Y
shutdown
shutdown
- fire warning
shutdown - other (specify)
..........................
shutdown - unknown
shutdown
0 2
0 2
o z
0 2
-59
6
0
-81
-62
-63
-64
-65
6
6
Bird species
......................................................................
Reported by
......................
Sample Form 2
Figure 3-2. Supplementary bird strike reporting form
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41
**
4843YLb 0 0 2 8 2 6 2 72Y
Chapter 4
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4.1 An integrated approach is necessary for a successful bird control programme. The airport groundstaff who
operate the programme (at most airports) should ensure
that all parties involved in airport use are informed of
operations. The concern for bird control should be made
aware to thosein
air trafficcontrol
(ATC), airport
maintenance, planning, finance, marketing, as well as
aircraft operators.
4.2 Often ATC personnel will be responsible for
requesting that ground staff clear certain areas of the
airport of birds, ATC must be kept up to date on the
control initiatives in place. All field personnel must be
aware of the controlprogramme and thetechniques in use.
These people should be in contact with ATC so that if there
is a problem on the field, they can tell ATC about it and
take appropriate action.
I C A O 933'7 P A R T * 3
**
Chapter 5
Aircraft Operators
._
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Chapter 6
as a Potential Hazard
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ICAO 9337 P A R T * 3
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Chapter 7
-
Food
7.4 It is difficult to remove all food sources for birds
on airports. As grass is the common vegetation on an
airport, grassland management has an important influence
on food available to birds. All agricultural measures like
mowing or hay making attract birds because of the
disturbance of soil animals.
10
**
Shelter
7.14 Birds often seek shelter onairport property,
usually in hangars and in nooks of other buildings. Birds
also seek the open spaces on airport property for safety;
this gives birds a clear view of their surroundings in all
directions. Nesting will usually occur about the buildings
on theairport, and it may also occur in shrubbery or
forested areas or on the ground.
I1
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I C A O 9337 P A R T r 3 *d
4 8 4 1 4 3 b 0028267 206
Chapter 8
Dispersal Methods
8.1 GENERAL
8.3 VISUALDETERRENTS
8..3.1 Visual. deterrents include:
8.2 AUDITORY DETERRENTS
a) scarecrows;
8.2.1 Auditory deterrents include:
b) flags and streamers;.
gas cannons;
c) lights;
pyrotechnics;
d) predator models;
distress calls;
e)hawkkites;
and
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calls of predators.
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4 8 4 3 4 3 h 0028268 342
13
8.4 BARRIERS
8.4.1 Airports provide the necessities of life - food,
water, and shelter - for many wildlife species. If a species
cannot gain access to these necessities, they will be Iess
likely to be a problem on airport property. Use of physical
barriers to prevent access can be a permanent solution to
a wildlife problem.
g.6 REPELLENTCHEMICALS
8.6.1 Chemicals may also be used to repel birds at
some airports. The success of application is controversial
and dubious. Tn some States these repellents are forbidden
by law. Most often,chemicals are used to foul an
area that
a specks d bird fiids most attractive. By spraying the area
with certain chemicals, birds wilt stay away; however,
certain chemicals may only be successful on certain bird
species. Once again, it is important to ensure that the use
of any chemical repellents be safe to theenvironment and
to non-target species, and not pollute runoff or nearby
watersheds. There are two types of repellent chemicals, i.e.
tactile and behavioural.
8.6.2
8.4.2 Physical barriers that are useful against birds
include several devices that prevent birds from roosting or
nesting in or on
buildings and ledges. Netting, for example,
can prevent birds from nesting on buiIdings and may also
prevent birds from feeding on crops on airport agricultural
leases. Barrier systems work by deterring birds from
landing rather than physically excludingthem. This system
consists of a grid of fine wires stretched above the surface
of the feature, such as a ledge or a food or water source,
that is attracting birds.. Buildings and other structures
designed to prech.de the existence of convenient nesting or
roosting places for birds, or using plastic or metal surface
materials that pxeuent nesting are other examples of the use
of barrier methds.
Tactilerepellents
most
common
commercial
tactile
8.5
LETHALCHEMICALS
8.6.3
Behaviouralrepellents
include:
a) poison perches; and
8.7 THIRD-PARTYCHEMICALS
b) bait stations.
8.5.3 It is to be noted that poisoning of birds is
forbiddenin
some States, with the exception of the
calamitious occurrence of pest birds.
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I C A O 9137 P A R T * 3
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14
used carefully and applied by irained personnel to ensure
minimal environmental disruption. In some States these
chemicals are forbidden by law.
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8.8 .TRAPS
8.9 MISCELLANEOUSTECHNIQUES
8.9.1 There are other bird control techniques.
Benomyl and/or Kainite can controI theearthworm
population on^ airport lands, especially along runways and
taxiways. Ornitrol can reduce the fertility of birds and
ultimately reduce the population. Methiocarb is a chemical
applied on vegetation to deter birds from feeding, however
high concentrations are necessary. In some States these
chemicals are forbidden by law.
8.9.2 Falconry is in use in some States. This involves
the use of predatory birds such as falcons, hawks, or owls
to drive birds away. The technique is considered highly
expensive due to the planning, strategy, etc. required. In
some States falconry is rejected as a bird control technique,
usually because falcons and other raptors arethreatened by
extinction and itis not possible to breed them efficiently in
captivity.
8.9.3 Research in the area of dispersal of birds from
an airport should continue, to ensure that the most up-todate dispersal and detection techniques are used. As
present techniques become inadequate, new technologies
should be available as suitable replacements. Policy makers
should realize the importance of on-going research in this
field and should allot funds accordingly.
Chapter 9
Staffing Airport Bird Control Programmes
a) hours of operation;
b) species to be controlled;
c) level of service;
d) equipment to be provided by the contractor;
e) accountability of contractors staff;
f) deviation from the contract;
h) documentation of deficiencies.
I5
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I C A O 9337 PART*3
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4 8 4 3 4 30b0 2 8 2 7733 7
Chapter 10
g) wildlife refuges;
10.2 Some communities and airports have reached the
point where the effect of land use planning guidelines may
be minimal. However, there are still instances where their
use will result k more compatibie airport and community
development. Implementation may taketheform
of
aviation system plans, legislation for compatible land uses,
easements or land zoning.
k) slaughter-houses.
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a) fish processing;
b) agriculture;
I6
Chapter 11
2. Has
the wildlife
implemented?
control
programme
been
17
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ICAO 9137 P A R T * 3
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484L91b 0028273 5 0 T
Appendix
2. Other publications:
- END -
19
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@ ICAO 1991
5/91,
ElPl12600
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