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Category 1
DATE OF
ISSUE
TEXT AFFECTED
SIGNATURE &
DATE
Revision Note
This Issue of this Standard has been prepared to incorporate changes to text and presentation.
The technical content has been updated in line with current practice.
Historical Record
Def Stan 02-603/Issue 1
NES 603 Issue 1
1 April 2000
April 1990
DPA
Defence
Procurement
Agency
MR J KNOTT
STAN SPM 5
Defence Standardization
Rm 1138
Kentigern House
65 Brown st
Glasgow G2 8EX
Direct line:
Switchboard:
Facsimile:
e-mail:
pdgst5@udawn.dpa.mod.uk or
j.knott@dstan.mod.uk
Your Ref:
Our Ref: DStan/69/2/603
Date:
J Knott
NAME: J KNOTT
SIGNATURE:
BRANCH: PDG/DSTAN SPM 5
1. Does any part of the Standard create problems or require interpretation:
YES
NO
Clause
Comments
Proposed Solution
4. I/We agree that this Draft Standard, subject to my/our comments being taken into consideration,
when published in final form will cover my/our requirements in full. Should you find my/our comments
at variance with the majority, I/we shall be glad of the opportunity to enlarge upon them before final
publication.
Signature.................................................................Representing.................................................
Telephone number:
Submitted by (print or type name and address)
Date:
Our Ref:
ISSUE 2
Published by:
Defence Procurement Agency,
An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence,
Directorate of Standardization,
Kentigern House,
65 Brown Street,
Glasgow, G2 8EX.
(i)
(ii)
SCOPE
1.
This Defence Standard is concerned with shipwide fire detection systems. The main fire
detection control panel and detectors shall form an Autonomous Fire Detection and Alarm
System (AFDAS).
2.
The basic general principles of this Defence Standard are to be applied to any fire detection
systems that are fitted. Systems fitted to HM Surface Ships and Submarines are to comply
with this standard, but boats and auxiliary vessels are excluded from the main requirements.
3.
Autonomous fire detection systems comprise automatic fixed fire detectors, fire alarms,
control panels, indicating units and the associated electric cabling to connect and energise the
system. Their purpose is to protect the ship spaces and compartments.
4.
Autonomous fire detection systems may be fitted to any class of vessel. When vessels have a
Platform Management System (PMS) or an integrated damage control and surveillance
system, those elements peculiar to fire detection are to follow the principles of this standard.
5.
Cabinet monitors, specific machinery monitors and automatic fire suppression systems with
their own detectors (which employ techniques for fire detection similar to those of this
standard) are the responsibility of the relevant equipment design authorities and are outside
the scope of this standard. However, addressable fire detection systems are capable of
providing identification of individual detectors and could display these alarms of fire at the
Fire Detection (FD) controller. Warship Project Manager (WPM) should be consulted on the
requirement to display such alarms on the FD controller.
6.
Portable fire detection or alarm systems for temporary protection during shipyard work, are
outside the scope of this standard.
7.
Vessels procured for RN or RFA service but not normally described as warships, may be subject
to statutory rules and regulations. Guidance on the requirements for such vessels is provided
within this standard, by reference to The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Regulations
1984 (and amendments) and to Lloyds Register of Shipping Classification Rules and Safety
of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Regulations.
(iii)
(iv)
FOREWORD
Sponsorship
1.
This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) is sponsored by the Defence Logistics Organization
(DLO), Ministry of Defence (MOD).
2.
Any user of this NES either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it.
Proposals for amendments that are not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be
made to the publishing authority identified on Page (i), and those directly applicable to a
particular contract are to be dealt with using contract procedures.
3.
4.
5.
Unless otherwise stated, reference in this NES to approval, approved, authorized and similar
terms means by the MOD in writing.
6.
Any significant amendments that may be made to this NES at a later date will be indicated
by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line
interval.
7.
Extracts from British Standards quoted within this NES have been included with the
permission of the British Standards Institution.
8.
This NES has been reissued to reflect changes in departmental nomenclature and the changes
to technical requirements.
Conditions of Release
General
9.
This NES has been devised solely for the use of the MOD, and its contractors in the execution
of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the MOD hereby excludes all liability
whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, liability resulting from
negligence) for any loss or damage however caused when the NES is used for any other
purpose.
10.
This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or
third party rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission
of the MOD.
11.
The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this NES without consulting
or informing any holder.
This NES is the property of the Crown. Unless otherwise authorized in writing by the MOD
it must be returned on completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in connection
with which it is issued.
13.
When this NES is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user is to ensure that
he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents,
relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made to
the authority named in the tender or contract.
14.
When NES are incorporated into MOD contracts, users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contractual and any other statutory requirements.
Compliance with an NES does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
(v)
Categories of NES
15.
The Category of this NES has been determined using the following criteria:
a.
b.
c.
Related Documents
16.
In the tender and procurement processes the related documents listed in each section and
Annex A can be obtained as follows:
a.
British Standards
b.
c.
Other documents
17.
All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant
MOD Invitation to Tender or Contract number and date, together with the sponsoring
Directorate and the Tender or Contract Sponsor.
18.
Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant
documentation, including specifications, standards and drawings.
This NES may call for the use of processes, substances and/or procedures that are injurious
to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in
no way absolves either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to health
and safety at any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those
quoted may not necessarily be exhaustive.
20.
This NES has been written, and is to be used, taking into account the policy stipulated in
JSP430: MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook.
Additional Information
(There is no relevant information included)
(vi)
CONTENTS
Page No
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (i)
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii)
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Sponsorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Conditions of Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Categories of NES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vii)
CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ix)
SECTION
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
POLICY STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fighting Ships and Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Standard Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vessels Refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
SECTION
2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Autonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
SECTION
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
SYSTEM DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
SECTION
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
(vii)
3.2
CONTENTS (continued)
Table 4.1
4.5
4.6
4.7
Table 4.2
Page No
Smoke Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interface with Other Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .
Maximum Spacing of Detectors
(SI 1984/1218 Schedule 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
SECTION
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Table 5.1
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
SECTION
6.
6.1
6.2
Table 6.1
6.3
Table 6.2
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.5
MOUNTING OF DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mounting Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Position of Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommended Limits for Deckhead Heights . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommended Coverage per Detector for
EDP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .
SECTION
7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
SECTION
8.
8.1
Table 8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
ALARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire Alarm Sounder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sound Attenuation up to 24 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fault Warning Sounder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High Intensity Beacons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendment) . . . .
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
(viii)
6.2
6.3
6.4
CONTENTS (continued)
Page No
SECTION
9.
9.1
Table 9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
SYSTEM INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection of Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conductor Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation of Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Siting of System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mounting of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intrinsically Safe Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.2
9.2
9.3
9.3
9.4
SECTION
10.
10.1
10.2
10.3
POWER SUPPLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fighting Ships and Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Standard Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SOLAS Reg II-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.2
SECTION
11.
11.1
11.2
11.3
TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.2
ANNEX
A.
ANNEX
B.
Table B.1
ANNEX
C.
ANNEX
D.
Table D.1
Table D.2
Table D.3
ANNEX
E.
Table E.1
D.1
D.1
D.2
D.3
(ix)
(x)
1.
POLICY STATEMENT
Related Documents: BR 862; BR 1754; NES 119; NES 501; NES 502; NES 1004;
STANAG 1169; see also Annex A.
1.1
1.2
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fire detection systems, installed in fighting ships and submarines are not to
include manual call points, unless specifically called for in the system STR.
e.
Fire detection systems are to meet the relevant requirements of STANAG 1169,
NES 119, BR 862 and BR 1754.
f.
The design of every Fire Detection System is to meet the requirements of this
NES. Equipment designed specifically for MOD shall meet the general
requirements of NES 501. Where Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) equipment
is to be used all items shall have been type approved and listed for marine
application by an International Association of Classification Society (IACS)
recognized classification society. All component equipments forming part of
the fire detection system shall meet the requirements of NES 1004, as
appropriate to the class of ship or submarine, and location within the vessel.
Each installation is to be in accordance with NES 502.
Some ships are procured to commercial standards for RN and RFA service. Fire
detection systems fitted to such ships are to meet the requirements of the
international convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) published by the
International Maritime Organization (IMO). The relevant British regulations
are The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Regulations 1984 with
amendments. Their purpose is to meet treaty obligations to safeguard the lives
of passengers and crew.
b.
Fire detection systems fitted to commercial standard ships for RN and RFA
service, are also to meet the requirements of an independent certification
organization for classifying ships. Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LR) is such an
organization, and their requirements are published as Rules and Regulations
for the Classification of Ships, Part 6. The purpose of these regulations is to
ensure that ships are constructed, maintained and operated to achieve a high
standard of safety for life and property.
1.1
d.
1.3
USA
Italy
Fldenavis
Spain
France.
Norway
Vessels Refitting
a.
b.
1.2
2.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Related Documents: DEF STAN 59-41; NES 183; NES 1004; NES 1027; see also
Annex A.
2.1
Function
2.2
2.3
a.
A fire detection system which complies with this NES is to monitor the
environment within each selected compartment and space, so as to detect the
symptoms of fire within that environment. The environment is to be
continuously monitored at all times.
b.
c.
d.
In any vessel, the fire detection system is to maintain cover during test and
maintenance operations to the system, or to any other part of the vessel and its
equipment.
e.
Depending on the size and complexity of the vessel and its fire detection system,
consideration is to be given to the need for automatic provision of a permanent
record of the nature and time of all events occurring on the system.
Control
a.
All components of the fire detection system in any vessel are to be controlled
from a single control station, at any one time. The state of the system is to be
visually indicated at that station. The need for alternative control stations is to
be considered. Control is not to be shared between stations at any time.
b.
Testing
a.
b.
c.
Means are to be provided to test the system and its components, whilst
continuing to monitor all selected compartments and spaces for symptoms of
fire. Restoration of the system after testing, without replacement of any
component, is to be possible.
2.1
2.4
Test facilities are to be provided to confirm the correct operation of the system.
Correct operation includes the display of correct indications at the control
station and elsewhere.
Autonomy
a.
b.
Interfaces to receive signals from other ship systems, are not to be provided.
NOTE See Section 4.6 for vessels with a PMS or Integrated Damage Control
System (IDCS).
2.5
c.
The ship fire detection system is for indication only. However, an output
confirming the coincident alarm of two or more heat detectors in a
compartment may be provided to a water spray control panel. Each heat
detector, on activation, would indicate an alarm of fire on the fire detection
panel. The requirements for such spray systems would be specified in NES 183
or the STR.
d.
In vessels with integrated damage control and surveillance, the fire detection
system may be part or provide input into an integrated system. It may not then
necessarily function independently.
e.
Environment
a.
b.
Fire detectors are to be selected which detect the symptoms of fire without false
alarms caused by other environmental conditions such as ambient
temperature, salt laden atmosphere, shock, solar radiation, etc. Where these
conditions are unavoidable, detectors are to be installed so as to negate the
effects of the normal environment, and so permitting fire symptoms to be
distinguished.
c.
d.
2.2
2.6
2.7
It is the Design Sponsor's responsibility to include in the STR only such tests as
are essential for satisfactory operation, and to avoid unnecessary groups of
tests.
Requirement
a.
b.
Ships for RN and RFA service, but not normally described as warships, built to
commercial standards are also to meet the requirements of Statutory
Instrument 1984 No 1218 and amendments, and Lloyd's Rules and regulations
Part 6 and amendments. See Clause 1.2b .
c.
For ships procured overseas from other NATO powers, acceptance of the
classification rules of an overseas society, a full member of IACS, equivalent to
those of Lloyd's Register, is to be considered.
The regulations in the Statutory Instruments require fixed fire detection and
fire alarm systems, and fixed pressure water spraying systems to be installed.
These installations are determined by the type of vessel (passenger, tanker etc),
size of vessel, nature of cargo, numbers of passengers and the structural fire
protection methods employed.
b.
c.
d.
Plans for the fire detection system are required to be submitted to the
appropriate certifying authority, including details of the hardware and software
for programmable electronic systems.
e.
The spacing of detectors, and floor area per detector, are specified. Detectors
are to be grouped in sections, with no more than 100 detectors per section, (refer
to Clause 4.2b).
f.
The fire detection system may automatically initiate water spraying systems
and may close fire doors.
g.
h.
2.3
j.
Annex D tabulates the statutory requirement for fire and smoke detection
systems for merchant ships. For further information, reference is to be made to
Statutory Instrument 1984 No 1218 and amendments, notably:
Schedule 7
Schedule 11
Schedule 12
2.4
3.
3.1
Requirements
a.
For new vessels the Fire Detection System shall cover all Compartments/Spaces
but reference should be made to the ship STR which defines the complete
installation requirements. The Fire Detection System alarms and warnings are
to comply with NES 626.
b.
c.
(2)
(3)
3.2
3.3
Explosive Risk
a.
b.
Detectors installed in accordance with Clause 3.2a are to initiate alarms at the
locations specified in BR 862.
c.
The term `gasoline' denotes all Petroleum Oils and Lubricants (POL) fuels
which have been classified as `highly flammable' and are stored or used in HM
Ships. Reference is to be made to BR 1754 and NES 775 for definitions of
`gasoline compartment' and `gasoline tank'.
d.
e.
3.1
3.4
3.5
b.
The classification of POL depends upon the flash point of the material.
Reference is to be made to DEF STAN 015 for the flash point classification of
fuels, lubricants and associated products for MOD use.
c.
Only detectors which have been certified for use in flammable atmospheres are
to be installed in Dangerous Areas covered by Clause 3.3a . The Certifying
Authority for Britishmade electrical equipment for use in Dangerous Areas is
the Electrical Equipment Certifying Service (EECS), a part of the Health and
Safety Executive (HSE). There are equivalent overseas national authorities for
nonBritish equipment.
d.
The cabling, installation, and fittings for fire detectors and associated
equipment fitted in Dangerous Areas are to be in accordance with BR 1754
Part 2, subject to compliance with the recommendations of BS 5345 Part 4.
Ventilation Trunking
a.
Fire detectors are to be installed in the exhaust ducts of air conditioning and
ventilation systems which serve Explosive Risk, High Fire Risk and Dangerous
Areas. Such detectors are to be contained within probe units, which sample air
flowing through the duct and detect combustion products originating in the
protected compartment or in the duct itself. Each probe unit is to be located so
that the normal airflow in the duct carries combustion products from the
compartment to the probe. The use of probes upstream, to give early warning of
the products of combustion originating elsewhere, is to be considered.
b.
c.
Ships for RN and RFA Service built to commercial standards are to be fitted
with fire detectors, according to the ship classification under Statutory
Instrument 1984 No 1218 and amendments. Reference is to be made to Annex
B, and to Schedules 7, 11 and 12 of the regulations for the detailed requirements
and options. Reference is also to be made to BR 862 Part 4 to ascertain the
applicability of Naval Magazine and Explosive Regulations to MOD ships and
craft not manned by the RN, and especially the regulations for fire detection
and alarm systems.
b.
The installation is to meet the requirement of Clause 3.1b , and in addition fire
detectors are to be installed to protect the following spaces:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Control stations;
(4)
Public spaces;
(5)
(6)
3.2
(2)
Cargo spaces containing motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their
own propulsion (other than special category spaces or ro/ro spaces);
(3)
d.
It should be noted that the use of such sample detectors is not preferred, and the
specific permission of the MOD is to be obtained before they are installed in any
MOD vessels.
e.
For details of the classification, marking, notification and regulations for the
carriage of dangerous goods in merchant ships, reference is to be made to
Statutory Instrument 1981 No 1747 (and amendments) and to the relevant
documents listed therein.
3.3
3.4
4.
SYSTEM DESIGN
Related Documents: BS 5839 Part 1; BS 6387; BS EN 54 Parts 1, 5, 7, 8 and 9;
NES 502; NES 620; see also Annex A.
4.1
System Response
4.2
a.
The system is to initiate an alarm of fire when symptoms of fire are present in
any protected compartment or space. It is essential that the time delay between
the outbreak of fire and the alarm signal is minimized. Therefore a rapid
response is more important than a response which depends on level of
obscuration by smoke, or on rise of temperature.
b.
c.
d.
The response of a fire detection system is specific to the class of vessel, and to the
space which it is protecting. It is therefore impracticable to enumerate limits
for response time or for false fire signals, either in this NES or in STRs. Note:
For fire detection on land, BS 5839 Part 1 states that the average rate of false
alarms from an installation should not exceed one false alarm per year for each
10 detectors fitted to the system. The number of false alarms from an individual
detector or detector location should not exceed one false alarm per two years.
e.
Detector circuits are to be arranged so that a fault warning is given within 100 s
of the occurrence, of any open or short circuit in a cable which would disable one
or more detectors (and/or call points if fitted), or of a failure of any other
interconnection.
f.
Detectors
a.
b.
Detectors are to be mounted in all the compartments, spaces and trunks which
are to be protected. The spacing and mounting of detectors are determined by
the geometry of the compartment and by regulations, and are to comply with
the requirements of Section 6.
c.
4.1
4.3
d.
e.
f.
Architecture
a.
Detectors are to be connected in such a manner that the location of fire can be
quickly identified at the control station. This may be achieved by subdividing
the whole installation into sections, by the installation of an addressable
system, or by some combination of such arrangements. Faults which occur in
any section are not to prevent the correct operation of other sections.
b.
c.
Removal of any detector from its section circuit is not to prevent operation of
other detectors in that circuit, or of any fire alarm sounder which is connected
in a common circuit.
d.
The numbers of sections, and the size of each section, in any vessel are to be
determined by consideration of the following factors:
(1)
The distance/area which must be searched from the point of entry before
the site of the fire is visually located. Where a section contains closed
compartment doors, visible external indicators reduce the search
distance.
(2)
(3)
(4)
4.2
4.4
e.
f.
g.
The design of a new system should ensure that the loading of the system does
not exceed 75% of maximum capacity to allow for future expansion. For
warships and vessels in which a fire detection system of more than 50 detectors
is employed, an addressable fire detection system shall be fitted.
h.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
The threshold signal limit for each detector can be adjusted to allow for
local environmental conditions;
(6)
(7)
(8)
i.
j.
The control and indicating equipment for addressable systems is to comply with
BS 5839 Part 4 pending the publication of the equivalent European Standard.
The need for additional environmental testing appropriate to the class of vessel
and location of the control station, is to be considered.
k.
l.
Redundancy
a.
4.3
c.
The maximum spacing of detectors, and floor area covered per detector are not
to exceed the statutory limits (clause 4.7d Table 4.2 refers). For the protection
of magazines the number of smoke detectors shall be as specified in NES 183.
The numbers of smoke detectors fitted in Flammable and Paint Stores and
other High Risk areas shall be as specified for magazines in NES 183 which is
currently as follows:
<12 m2
12
m2
to 25
1
m2
Data Transmission
a.
4.6
4.7
The method of data transmission for all autonomous fire detection systems is to
be such that each system meets all the requirements of this NES. The scanning
speed of addressable systems is to be high enough to detect fire symptoms
rapidly in all protected spaces and compartments. Signal voltages, frequencies,
band widths and pulse shapes are to be chosen so that data is not corrupted by
electromagnetic interference, and so that the system does not interfere with
other systems.
b.
b.
Detectors are to be fitted to the spaces listed in Clause 3.5b , and sample
extraction smoke detectors are permitted. Manual call points are required at
specified locations. Clauses 3.5c and 1.1d refer respectively.
c.
d.
4.4
Type of
detector
Maximum
floor area per
detector
Maximum
distance apart
between centres
Maximum
distance away
from bulkheads
Heat
37 m2
9m
4.5 m
m2
11 m
5.5 m
Smoke
74
Sections are not permitted to protect spaces on more than one deck (except for
enclosed stairways). No section is to protect more than 50 compartments. No
section is to contain more than 100 detectors. Sections are not to protect spaces
on both sides of a passenger ship, or in more than one vertical zone, without
special permission. Machinery spaces are not to be included in sections which
protect a control station, service, accommodation or cargo space.
f.
g.
(2)
Local Area Network (LAN) for transfer of alarm data between computers
and data gathering equipment;
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
4.5
4.6
5.
5.1
Effects of Fire
a.
b.
The three requirements for fire are heat, oxygen and fuel. When these are
present in the correct proportions, fire will result. Fires are classified in
BSEN2 according to the fuels involved (fire classification, Para B4. refers).
However, ignition, (initiation of flaming combustion) occurs only in the gas or
vapour phase. Thermal energy must be supplied to solids and liquids to convert
part of the fuel into vapour. The lowest temperature at which ignition occurs
without the application of a flame is the autoignition temperature of the fuel.
c.
The ease of ignition of solid materials (Class A fires) depends largely on surface
area. In bulk form, fire growth is relatively slow and progressive. In the early
smouldering stages smoke is given off. A smoke detector will detect such a fire
earlier than a heat or flame detector.
d.
Liquids (Class B fires) give off vapours. The lowest temperature at which
enough vapour is given off to ignite momentarily when a flame is applied is
called the Flash Point. A few degrees above the flash point is the Fire Point.
This is the lowest temperature at which liquid in an open container will sustain
burning after ignition. The size of a Class B fire depends on the area of liquid
exposed. A flame detector can respond more quickly to a Class B fire than a
smoke or heat detector, especially in an unconfined space.
e.
The ignition of gases (Class C fires) and vapours is rapid and may be explosive.
Propagation of a flame will occur if the concentration of vapourtoair is
between the lower and upper flammable limits. Cleanburning fires may be
detected by heat or flame detectors. Smoke detectors are unlikely to give early
warning, unless smoke is produced by other combustible materials which may
be present.
f.
Most metals will burn in air (Class D fires) under the correct conditions.
Certain metals, e.g. magnesium, titanium, zinc, calcium etc are termed
combustible, because thin sections and fine particles can be ignited easily. Heat
or smoke detectors will detect Class D fires.
g.
The nature of the likely fuel is an important factor when selecting a fire
detector. Other factors which are to be taken into account are described in the
following paragraphs.
5.1
5.2
Heat Detectors
a.
Heat detectors respond to the temperature of gases in their vicinity. The hottest
gases generally rise by convection to the highest point of a compartment, and
heat detectors are therefore fitted to the deck head. The size of fire to which a
heat detector will respond increases markedly with the height of the mounting.
Heat detectors require the flames to reach about onethird of the way to the
deckhead before operating. Heat detectors could detect a fire that evolves
quickly with very little smoke, e.g. a flammable liquid, more rapidly than smoke
detectors. Heat detectors do not respond to smouldering fires. They are
unsuitable for detecting small fires which could cause unacceptable losses.
They are not suitable for external spaces.
b.
Point heat detectors protect a small area around and below the detector. They
are available in Response Grades 1, 2 and 3 of which Grade 1 is the most
sensitive. They contain a fixed temperature sensor, designed to operate when it
reaches a preselected threshold temperature. They may also be capable of
detecting an abnormal rateofrise of temperature, either by use of a separate
sensor, or (as in analogue sensors) by electrically modifying the output of a
single sensor to produce the desired response.
c.
The sensors used in point type heat detectors are thermistors, bimetals or
thermocouples. A typical modern thermistor detector consumes 70 A in the
quiescent state.
d.
Heat detectors with rateofrise elements are most effective where the ambient
temperature is low, or varies only slowly. Fixed temperature detectors are more
suitable where the ambient temperature is likely to fluctuate rapidly over short
periods. Where the ambient temperature is likely to exceed 43C, as in galleys
and machinery spaces, any heat detectors are to be high temperature versions.
The nominal operating temperature of a heat detector is not to exceed the
expected maximum ambient temperature by more than 30C. Fixed
temperature heat detectors are not suitable for cold stores where the
temperature is abnormally low.
e.
Point heat detectors are to comply with BS EN 54 Part 5 for use below 43C, and
Part 8 for use at high ambient temperatures.
f.
Line heat detectors protect larger areas by responding to heated gases along any
part of the detector line, which need not be straight. The response of an
integrating line detector at any one point is modified by the temperature of the
remainder of the line. In nonintegrating detectors response is at one point only.
g.
Fire alarm cable consists of two metal cores held apart by a heat sensitive
covering and sheathed for mechanical protection. When the temperature rises
to the melting point of the covering, at any part of the cable, the cores make
electrical contact and signal an alarm. Machinery and cable ducts can be
protected by monitoring the resistance of a special type of cable, using a bridge
circuit. High temperatures unbalance the bridge and raise an alarm.
h.
5.2
5.3
Smoke Detectors
a.
Smoke detectors respond to particles of smoke. These are solid and/or liquid
and range in size from 1 nm to 10 m. The smallest particles, produced by
rapidly burning flaming fires, are invisible to the naked eye. Cleanburning
liquids, e.g. alcohol, do not produce smoke particles, but other combustible
materials are likely to be present at such fires. Smoke detectors are not suitable
for external spaces, or for spaces where smoke, dust or fumes are normally
present. In general, smoke detectors respond more rapidly than heat detectors,
but are more liable to give false fire signals.
b.
There are two types of smoke detector, point type ionization chamber smoke
detectors and point type optical (photoelectric) smoke detectors. Both point
type ionization smoke detectors and optical point type detectors using scattered
and/or transmitted light are to conform to BS EN 54 Part 7.
c.
d.
The ionization chamber is the sensing element in this type of smoke detector.
The air in the chamber is made conductive, or ionized, by bombardment with
alpha particles emitted from a minute radioactive source. The chamber
contains two electrodes across which a voltage is applied, and a very small
current flows as the +ve and -ve ions travel to the electrode of opposite
polarity. When smoke particles enter the chamber they attach themselves to
the ions, cause a reduction in mobility and reduce the current flow. The
reduction in current is a measure of the number and size of smoke particles
present. Modern detectors contain two chambers, one open to the smoke, the
other a semisealed reference chamber. The imbalance between the chambers is
amplified and causes a large change in signal current, typically from 25 A to
55mA.
e.
f.
The light source for an optical smoke detector is usually an infra-red Light
Emitting Diode (LED) which is pulsed at intervals of typically 2 seconds to
10 seconds. Smoke entering the chamber containing the LED, causes the light
to be scattered on to a photocell or photodiode. The output of the latter is
compared with a preset value representing the `no smoke' condition. When a
succession of consecutive pulses confirms the presence of smoke, a fire signal is
given. In some designs, the pulse rate can be accelerated at the first indication
of smoke, to avoid delay. Typically the fire signal is given when the obscuration
reaches about 3% per metre.
5.3
5.4
g.
h.
Optical beam smoke detectors are used to protect large areas. A pulsed light
source is focussed to produce a beam which is detected by a photocell.
i.
j.
Photoelectric optical point type smoke detectors may be fitted to a probe unit
to detect smoke in the ducts of air conditioning and ventilation systems. The
sampling tube of the probe unit has one end sealed and a row of equally spaced
holes along its length. This tube, with its holes facing into the air stream,
introduces air together with any combustion products into the expansion
chamber. Inside the expansion chamber the air is slowed down as it passes the
detector head. This enables effective sampling to take place. The detector
protects the ducting and spaces upstream from the detector. Clean air supplied
through the duct, close to the sample point, will reduce the intensity of smoke
reaching the detector. Protection is lost as the air supply is interrupted or
reversed. Malfunction may occur in turbulent flow, high speed flow, or variable
air speeds. False fire signals may be given if the duct is used for smoke
clearance.
Flame Detectors
a.
b.
Flame detectors cannot detect smouldering fires and are not suitable for
general purpose applications. They are used to supplement smoke or heat
detectors. For speedy detection, a clear line of sight to the protected area is
necessary. A flame detector will respond to flames reflected from parts of a
structure, but a significantly bigger fire will then be needed before a fire signal
is given. Flame detectors can respond to a flaming fire, such as a Class B liquid
fire (e.g. gasoline) more rapidly than smoke or heat detectors. They need not be
mounted at the deckhead where smoke and hot air accumulate. They are
suitable for use in tall vertical spaces, machinery spaces, in outdoor spaces, and
where a flaming fire may spread quickly such as at pumps, valves and pipework.
5.4
d.
e.
f.
g.
5.5
(1)
(2)
(2)
5.5
c.
d.
Temperature range
up to 70C
up to 90C
up to 110C
up to 140C
The methods by which the response threshold values are measured and
the acceptance limits for the various types of detectors;
(2)
The methods by which Fire Sensitivity Tests are conducted and the
limiting values of the alarm points for classification as Class A, B or C;
(3)
b.
c.
5.6
5.7
5.8
b.
Flame detectors are available which have been type approved by Class Societies
such as Lloyd's Register. They are capable of withstanding operating
temperatures ranging from -20C to +70C (in addition to the other
requirements of the Type Approval Scheme) at up to 95% Relative Humidity
(RH). For use on open decks, enclosures providing protection to at least Ingress
Protection (IP) 56 are required. BSEN60529 specifies the degrees of
protection provided by enclosures. Open deck flame detectors are also required
to withstand the Lloyd's Register Salt Mist Test.
Selection of Detectors
a.
b.
Fire detectors are to be selected which will respond rapidly to the type of fires
which are anticipated in the spaces to be protected, without giving rise to
frequent false fire signals. The size, shape and environment of the space is to be
taken into account. For general purpose fire detection, the photoelectric
smoke detector is recommended, because it represents an acceptable
compromise between sensitivity and spurious activity.
c.
d.
e.
Ionization chamber smoke detectors are to incorporate shields and means for
preventing access to the ionizing source in accordance with Section 5. of the
Approved Code of Practice, issued by the Health and Safety Commission and
included in JSP 392.
f.
All detectors are to withstand the environmental stresses to which they will be
subject in their respective locations.
5.7
5.9
5.10
Fire detectors and their mounting bases installed in Explosive Risk Areas, and
in High Fire Risk Areas that are designated as Dangerous Areas, (as in
Clause3.3a and Annex E), are to be certified as intrinsically safe in accordance
with an appropriate standard e.g. BS 5501 Part 7. They are to be installed in
accordance with BS 5345 Part 4, category to suit the (hazardous area) zone of
use.
b.
The cabling, installation, and fittings for fire detectors installed in areas
covered by Clause 5.9a are to be in accordance with BR 1754 Part 2, subject to
compliance with the recommendations of BS 5345 Part 4. Any necessary safety
barriers for power supply are also to be certified and approved.
c.
All detectors are to be such that normal surveillance can be restored after
testing without renewal of any component.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Heat detectors in drying rooms, and similar spaces where the ambient
temperature is normally high, are permitted an operating temperature 30C
above the maximum deckhead temperature.
f.
Manual call points will not normally be fitted. Where the STR defines them
they are to comply with the Regulations.
g.
In machinery spaces, systems using only thermal detectors are not permitted
except where height is restricted, or where thermal systems are specially
appropriate.
h.
Fire detection and alarm systems are to be of an approved type. Fire detector
heads are to be Type Approved in accordance with Lloyd's Register Type
Approval Schemes.
i.
When fire detectors are provided with means to adjust their sensitivity, the
arrangements are to be such that the set point can be fixed, readily identified,
and recorded.
5.8
6.
MOUNTING OF DETECTORS
Related Documents: BS 5839; BS 6266; BS EN 54 Part 7 and 8; DEF STAN 5941;
NES 1004; see also Annex A.
6.1
Mounting Base
6.2
a.
A mounting base is to be fitted at each position selected for a fire detector. The
base is to allow for rapid insertion and removal of the detector. Section circuit
continuity is to be maintained in the absence of the detector.
b.
Bases are to accept detectors of all the types, grades and sensitivities used in the
fire detection system of which they are a part. Means to prevent insertion of the
wrong type of detector into a mounting base are to be incorporated. Bases for
use in areas covered by Clause 5.9a are to be certified as intrinsically safe.
c.
Each base is to have a space for permanently marking the address of its detector,
see Clause 4.3.
d.
For addressable systems the means to define the address of a detector position
shall be incorporated within the fixed base at each detector and not within any
part that may be removed for routine maintenance.
Position of Detectors
a.
b.
Smoke and heat detectors, which sense the products of combustion are to be
positioned so that these products reach them quickly. The optimum position
will normally be at the deckhead, taking account also of the movement of air
and of the ventilation systems. Where practicable, a spacing of not less than 1 m
between a detector and an air inlet should be maintained. An exploratory
smoke test can aid the identification of optimum locations. The use of air
deflectors and shields is to be considered in constricted locations.
c.
Deckhead height m
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
9.0
7.5
6.0
6.0
10.5
Heat detectors
6.3
d.
e.
Detectors are to be positioned so that there is ready access for testing and for
replacement.
Spacing
a.
b.
c.
15 m2 to 25 m2
Tape stores
10 m2 to 30 m2
10 m2 to 30 m2
6.2
6.4
For electronic spaces fitted with false floors and deckheads (which may also be
used for ventilation purposes), reference is to be made to BS 6266 for further
guidance. Where there is a high fire hazard, the installation of detectors within
floor and deckhead spaces, is to be considered.
Environment
a.
b.
c.
Fire detectors are essential items that are required to remain operational after
experiencing shock to the maximum ship shock level. Preference is to be given
to detectors and mountings that are sufficiently robust to be attached directly
to the ship or submarine structure. It is the responsibility of the Design
Sponsor to agree the requirements for shock testing and the test severity, in
accordance with NES 1004.
d.
e.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
6.3
6.5
Reference is to be made to Table 4.1, and other Paras of Section 4., for the
regulation maximum spacing and location of detectors.
b.
c.
6.4
7.
7.1
Requirements
7.2
a.
The controls and indicators of autonomous fire detection systems are to meet
the requirements of this NES. Where a policy of integrated damage control and
surveillance has been established, those controls and indicators relevant to fire
detection are to meet the requirements of this NES.
b.
c.
Lighting and sound levels in the vicinity of the control stations should be such
that all visual alarms can be clearly seen, and all audible signals heard. Control
point stations should be in areas of low noise.
Response to Alarms
a.
The transition of the decision element of the autonomous fire detection system
from the nonfire to the fire state, is to present a visual indication at the DCMP
showing the location of symptoms of fire. At the same time a local sounder is to
alert the DCMP to this indication.
b.
The response of a fire detection system with no manual call points can only
occur after the fire has developed symptoms powerful enough to reach and
trigger one or more detectors, and after the control station has received and
accepted the signal as a true fire state. The visual and audible response is to
occur at the DCMP within 10 seconds from the time when transition of the
decision element is triggered (and therefore somewhat longer from the onset of
fire).
c.
The responses specified in Clauses 7.2a , 7.2b and 7.2f are not to be inhibited by
the simultaneous operation, or operation in quick succession, of two or more
detectors. Such operation is to cause an alarm of fire, not a fault indication.
d.
The occurrence of any one of the faults listed in Clause 7.5a is to present a
visual indication at the DCMP showing its nature and location. At the same
time a local sounder is to alert the DCMP to this indication. The visual and
audible responses are to take place within 100 seconds of the occurrence of the
fault.
e.
The responses specified in Clause 7.2d are not to be inhibited by the occurrence
or warning of any fault.
f.
Remote sounders are to be provided in accordance with Clause 8.1h and are to
repeat the alarms raised at the DCMP.
7.1
7.3
Manual Controls
a.
7.4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
b.
c.
Operation of controls for system tests is not to inhibit the automatic operation
of the fire detection system.
d.
e.
Event Logging
a.
7.5
Malfunctions
a.
Automatic fire detection systems are to include means for automatically and
continuously monitoring the system so as to detect the occurrence of any of the
following:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
7.2
(8)
(9)
7.6
7.7
b.
c.
Indicators
a.
Alarm and warning indicators are to comply with the policy requirements of
NES 626, and Visual Indicators are to be in accordance with Section 8.3 of this
NES.
b.
Reference is to be made to the Ship STR when determining the location of the
control station, and of any remote indicators.
b.
The primary control station, with indication of the state of the system, and all
the manual controls, is to be located at the DCMP. If no command or monitoring
position has been designated, the primary control station is to be in the SCC if
installed, otherwise on the navigating bridge.
c.
The STR is to identify the number and location of any secondary indicators that
are required. As a minimum, indicators are to be provided at the Officer of the
Watch (OOW) and Quarter Master (QM) harbour positions.
d.
(2)
In Minor War Vessels and RFAs there is also to be an alarm on the weather
deck;
(3)
7.3
7.8
The control panel is to be located on the navigating bridge, or in the main fire
control station. One indicating unit is to be accessible to responsible members
of the crew at all times, when at sea or in port except when the ship is out of
service. If the control panel is in the main fire control station, there is to be an
indicating unit on the navigating bridge. The indications should be such that
they are easily, quickly and unambiguously related to the position in the ship
from which the alarm originated.
b.
c.
If the fire signals have not received attention after two minutes, an alarm
sounder is to be sounded throughout the crew accommodation and service
spaces, control stations and machinery spaces of Category A.
d.
Fire detection systems may be combined with extinguishing systems, and with
other ancillary equipment.
7.4
8.
ALARMS
Related Documents: BS 5839 Parts 1 and 4; BS EN 60651; NES 501; NES 626; see also
Annex A.
8.1
b.
For fire alarm sounders, the preferred signal is a continuous bell. The
minimum sound level, at the position where it is to be heard most remote from
the sounder, is to be not less than 65 dB(A) relative to 2 10-5 N/m 2 in free field
conditions. The sound level of fault warning sounders is to be not less than
50dB(A) at every point less than 1 m from the control equipment enclosure. In
the presence of a continuous noise, these minimum sound levels are to be at
least 5 dB(A) above any other noise likely to persist more than 30 s.
c.
dB
100
94
88
82
12
24
e.
Sounders are to comply with NES 626. If the frequency of background noise is
such as to mask signals, the use of a distinctive frequency is to be considered,
(also Clause 8.4).
f.
The frequency selected for sounder signals is not to interfere with the tones of
any telephone system and cause malfunctions or loss of communication, and lie
in the range 500 Hz to 1000 Hz. If a twotone alarm is used, one of the major
frequencies should be in this range.
g.
Sounders for use in Explosive and High Fire Risk areas that are designated
Dangerous Areas are to be certified as intrinsically safe, and are to be installed
in accordance with Clauses 5.9a , 5.9b and 5.9c .
h.
Fire alarm sounders are to be fitted to alert the primary control station at the
DCMP or navigating bridge, and adjacent to each secondary indicator, required
by Clauses 7.7c and 7.7d .
i.
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Following operation of the silencing control (Clause 7.3a (4) refers) the sounder
is to restart automatically if another detector from a different section is
activated. When the silencing control is exercised, there should be an audible
alarm signal at the control panel to indicate this with a different sound to the
fire alarm tone.
Fault warning sounders are to be fitted, to alert the primary control station and
adjacent to each secondary indicator, required by Clause 7.7c and 7.7d . They
are to operate in accordance with Clause 7.2d .
b.
The fault warning signal is to be clearly distinguishable from the fire warning
signal, and from any other signal audible on the ship or submarine. It is to
sound for a minimum of 0.5 s, at least every 5 s.
Visual Indicators
a.
A visual indication of the state of the fire detection system is to be provided at all
times at the locations specified in Section 7.
b.
The standard indication of fire, throughout the RN and RFA is the combination
of a flashing red light and an audible bell. All automatic fire detection systems
are to provide such an indication, and are to show clearly the location of fire
symptoms.
c.
Control and monitoring visual displays for autonomous fire detection systems
are to comply with NES 501 Section 8. Acceptable displays include:
(1)
(2)
(3)
d.
If no fire or other default exists, diagrams are to show no display. Printers are
not acceptable as the sole indication of location of fire symptoms.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
8.2
8.5
b.
c.
The purpose of the alarm system is to alert the crew to the presence of an
incipient fire. The alarm of fire is therefore required to be given in more
locations than is required in fighting ships and submarines.
b.
Visual and audible fire signals are required at the control station and at
indicating units. An audible alarm is also required throughout the crew
accommodation and service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces of
Category A.
c.
In ships where the machinery spaces are periodically unattended, audible and
visual alarms of fire symptoms in those spaces are to be initiated as stated in
Clause 7.8b .
d.
e.
8.3
8.4
9.
SYSTEM INSTALLATION
Related Documents: BS 4568; BS 5345 Part 4; BS 5839 Part 1; JSP 392; NES 502;
NES 515; NES 523; NES 525; NES 626; NES 726; NES 1004; NES 1027; see also
Annex A.
9.1
Selection of Cables
a.
The conductors for autonomous fire detection systems are not to be used for any
other circuits. Conductors for fire detection purposes may be incorporated in
the circuits for integrated damage control systems.
b.
c.
d.
Limited Fire Hazard (LFH) cables such as low smoke, low flame, are to be used
throughout the installation. Wherever possible, system cables are to be selected
from the thinwall LFH insulated cables listed in NES 525 and NES 626. These
cables are suitable for use with conductor temperatures from -29C to +85C.
e.
Conductor sizes are to be such that voltage drop along a cable does not prevent
correct operation of detectors and other components, when the limits of
minimum supply and maximum load exist simultaneously. Copper conductors
are to be used. The crosssectional areas should not be less than:
Twisted pairs in a common sheath, each conductor;
0.5 mm2
Stranded conductors;
0.5 mm2
0.1 mm2
9.2
Installation of Cables
a.
LFH cable produces greatly reduced levels of toxic fumes, smoke and corrosive
products when burnt. Because this type of cable is less flexible and less
mechanically robust than conventional ship's cable, special installation
procedures are to be used, as detailed in NES 523. STRs are to draw attention to
this requirement and are to include reference to NES 523.
9.1
9.3
9.4
b.
c.
d.
There are to be two cables to supply power to the system. One is to be routed to
the main power supply, the other to an alternative emergency supply, in
accordance with NES 502. An automatic changeover switch is to be provided at
the control station.
e.
The cabling and installation of fire detectors and any other system components
that have been certified as intrinsically safe, are to comply with
Clauses5.9a to5.9c above. Cable is to be run in steel conduit and fittings to
BS4568. No other cable is to run in the same conduit. Reference is to be made
to BS 5345 Part 4 for specific requirements concerning cables, earthing and
diode safety barriers. The electrical parameters of the cabling are to comply
with the certification requirements relevant to the components which are to be
installed.
f.
The loop line lengths, data bus lengths, and electrical characteristics of cabling
installations are to be suitable for use with the control station, indicators,
alarms, detectors and power supply of the system.
b.
c.
d.
All components are to be sited to allow ready access for test and maintenance
operations.
e.
If manual call points are included in any automatic fire detection system, they
are to comply with BS 5839 Part 2, and are to be sited in accordance with
Statutory Instrument 1984 No 1218. BS 5839 Part 1 contains additional
recommendations covering response time, position on walls and method of
operation of manual call points. See Clause 1.1 d .
Mounting of Components
a.
All components are to be mounted so that they withstand the shock, vibration
and other environmental stresses to which they will be subjected. Reference is
to be made to NES 1004 to determine the Environmental Hazards appropriate
to the Region in which the components are to be mounted.
9.2
9.5
b.
c.
(2)
(3)
b.
Diode safety barriers limit the power and energy which it is possible to transmit
to equipment associated with intrinsically safe systems. STRs are to state that
only barrier devices which have been listed in the certifying documentation are
to be installed in intrinsically safe circuits for detectors, sounders, or other
components.
c.
d.
e.
9.6
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
Precautions
a.
Detectors are not to be installed in their mountings until after the ship has
passed the Clean Ship Date, and the compartment has reached Clean
Compartment Grade II, in accordance with NES 726. Detectors and their
mountings are not to be painted. If painting is carried out in any compartment
or space, detectors are to be suitably protected.
b.
c.
d.
Joints in cables are not permitted in new installations. When existing systems
are to be extended, the conductors are to be terminated in a suitable and
dedicated junction box, accessibly located and clearly labelled `FIRE ALARM'.
e.
At the main isolating switch which serves other systems, a warning notice is to
be clearly displayed .
9.3
f.
9.7
Cable routes are to avoid enclosed spaces of high fire risk, except where
detectors or alarms are to be provided in such spaces, or where it is necessary to
connect to the power supply.
b.
Smoke accumulators from more than one enclosed space are not to be
connected to the same sampling point. Sampling pipes are to be self draining
and protected from impact or damage.
c.
d.
The Approving Authority may require or permit variation in the siting and
spacing of detectors shown in Table 4.2.
9.4
10.
POWER SUPPLIES
Related Documents: DEF STAN 61-5 Part 4; NES 501; see also Annex A.
10.1
10.2
a.
b.
c.
The normal power supply to the changeover switch is to be taken from the main
ac distribution board. The Fire Detection System is to be designed to operate
satisfactorily from a power supply in accordance with NES 501. The nominal
voltage, frequency, phasing and earthing arrangements are to be selected from
NES 501, and stated in the STR.
d.
e.
f.
For further information on the quality of the electrical power supply from a
ship's distribution system, reference is to be made to DEF STAN 615 Part 4.
g.
Fuses are to be provided to protect both the normal, and the alternative power
supplies. There are to be no switches between the fuses and the Fire Detection
System.
h.
i.
10.1
c.
d.
(2)
10% (permanent)
Frequency variations
5%
Voltage transients
Frequency transients
(permanent)
e.
10.3
Power supplies and electric circuits necessary for the operation of the system
shall be monitored for loss of power or fault conditions as appropriate.
Occurrence of a fault condition shall initiate a visual and audible fault signal at
the control panel which shall be distinct from a fire signal.
b.
There shall not be less than two sources of power supply, for the electrical
equipment used in the operation of the fire detection and fire alarm system, one
of which shall be an emergency source. The supply shall be provided by separate
feeders resourced solely for that purpose. Such feeders shall run to an
automatic changeover switch situated in or adjacent to the control panel for the
fire detection system.
10.2
11.
TESTS
Related Documents: BS 5345 Part 4; BS 5839 Part 1; NES 501; NES 511; see also
Annex A.
11.1
Functional Tests
11.2
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Portable test equipment is available to test smoke and heat detectors whilst
they are installed. Hot air or smoke can be fed to the detector head, using a
polemounted device for detectors in remote positions. Heat detectors may also
be tested using a domestic hair dryer. A source of light flashing at about 10 Hz
can be used to simulate a flame and test a flame detector.
f.
Smoke generators which produce harmful corrosive products e.g. the metallic
tetrachloride type, are not to be used for functional testing of fire detectors.
Electrical Tests
a.
b.
Therefore, before any tests are carried out on a Fire Detection System, or
component of such a system, reference is to be made to the manufacturer's
documentation to ensure:
(1)
(2)
The test instruments will not damage the components, nor will an unsafe
condition be created.
11.1
11.3
b.
It is to be demonstrated that detector heads are so located that air currents will
not render the system ineffective at sea or in port.
c.
d.
e.
Systems in special category spaces and roro cargo spaces are to be tested after
installation under normal ventilation conditions and give a satisfactory overall
response time.
f.
Suitable instructions, and spare components for testing and maintenance are to
be provided. In each section, one spare detector head is to be provided for each
50 heads in that section with a minimum of six heads for each type fitted. They
are to be stowed in a suitable container at the control station.
11.2
ANNEX A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A1.
1984 No 1218
1985 No 1193
1985 No 1194
1985 No 1070
BS 4547
Classification of Fires.
BS 4568
BS 5345
BS EN 2
Classification of Fires
BS EN 54
BS 5446
Part 1
Introduction
Part 5
Part 7
Part 8
Part 9
A.1
ANNEX A
BS 5490 replaced by BS
EN 60529:1992
BS 5501
BS 5839
Part 2
Part 4
BS EN 60651
BS 6266
BS 6387
JSP 392
JSP 430
STANAG 1169
Electromagnetic Compatibility.
NES 102
Requirements for Air Conditioning and Ventilation Design.
(DEF STAN 02-102 Pt 1)
(DEF STAN 08-159 Pt 2)
NES 119
(DEF STAN 02-119)
NES 183
(DEF STAN 08-101)
NES 501
(DEF STAN 08-107)
NES 502
(DEF STAN 02-502)
NES 511
(DEF STAN 07-226)
NES 515 #
NES 519
(DEF STAN 07-228)
NES 523
(DEF STAN 02-523)
ANNEX A
A.2
NES 525
(DEF STAN 02-525)
NES 620
(DEF STAN 02-620)
NES 626
(DEF STAN 02-626)
NES 726
(DEF STAN 02-726)
NES 775
(DEF STAN 02-775)
NES 1004
(DEF STAN 08-123)
NES 1027
(DEF STAN 21-270
BR 862
BR 1754
Note: # Contents of NES 515 will be incorporated into Def Stan 59-41 Part 7. Untill
published users are to contact the sponsor nominated in the contract.
A.3
ANNEX A
ANNEX A
A.4
ANNEX B.
ABBREVIATIONS, DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND UNITS
Abbreviations
B1.
alternating current
Becquerel
Bq
BS
British Standard
COTS
dB
decibel
dc
direct current
DEF STAN
Defence Standard
DCM
DNV
DLO
DPA
EECS
EDP
FD
Fire Detection
HSE
HQ
Headquarters
IACS
IMO
IP
Ingress Protection
JSP
LAN
LED
LFH
LOX
Liquid Oxygen
MOD
Ministry of Defence
NBCD
NES
OOW
POL
PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride
QM
Quarter Master
RFA
RH
Relative Humidity
B.1
ANNEX B
RN
Royal Navy
second
SCC
SI
SOLAS
STANAG
STR
STUFT
WPM
Definitions
B2.
Definitions relating to fire detection are drawn from BS 4422 and BS EN 54. Definitions
relating to ship divisions and spaces are drawn from Statutory Instruments and Class Society
Rules, to which reference is to be made if more detail is required.
B3.
The terminology used in this NES is to be used in procurement documentation for Fire
Detectors and Fire Detection Systems.
B4.
Addressable System
Alarm of Fire
Analogue Detector
Aspirating Detector
Becquerel
Cargo Space
Space used for cargo including cargo oil tanks, slop tanks
and trunks to such spaces.
ANNEX B
B.2
Curie
Decision Element
Detector
Fault Warning
Fire
Fire Classification
B.3
ANNEX B
Fire Danger
Fire Hazard
Fire Risk
Fire Signal
Flame
Flammable
Flash Point
Ionizing Radiation
Machinery Spaces
Machinery Spaces of
C t
Category
`A'
Monitored Wiring
MultiState Detector
Public Spaces
ANNEX B
B.4
Section
Section Indicator
Sensor
Service Spaces
Smoke
B.5
ANNEX B
TwoState Detector
STRs are to be written in metric terms using the International System of Units (SI), unless the
interface requirements made necessary the use of the Imperial and other systems.
B6.
The SI symbols and units used in this NES are shown in Table B.1.
SI Unit
Quantity
Electric current
Activity of a
radionuclide
Symbol
Ampere
milliampere
microampere
Becquerel
Bq
mA
A
Temperature
Kelvin
(RN preferred unit)
(Degree Celsius)
Frequency
Hertz
Hz
Length
Metre
kilometre
millimetre
micrometre
nanometre
Time
Second
Electric potential
Volt
(C)
km
mm
m
nm
The Curie (Ci) is a unit of radioactivity now replaced by the Bequerel. Para B3. contains
definitions and conversion factors for both units.
ANNEX B
B.6
ANNEX C.
PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST
Notes:
1.
This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Naval Engineering Standard are
consulted when preparing a procurement specification for a particular application.
2.
Paragraphs where a preference for an option is to be used or where specific data are to be
added are included in the Check List.
3.
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
or
NA
GENERAL
1
Scope, 2.6b ,
2.6c
2.4d , 4.6a ,
7.1a , 9.1a
Scope 7, 1.2a ,
1.2b , 2.7i ,
2.7j
1.2b , 1.2c ,
2.6c , 5.9c
3.5c , 3.5e
3.1a , 4.3i ,
9.1e , 9.6d ,
10.1e
4.3g , 4.3h ,
4.4a , 4.5a
2.4b , 4.6a ,
4.6b
2.1e , 7.4a
10
4.1c , 4.1d ,
4.1f , 6.2b ,
11.1b , 11.1c
11
4.4a
12
7.1b , 7.7a ,
7.7b , 9.3b
13
7.7c , 7.7d
14
8.3c , 8.3e
15
2.5d , 4.2f ,
5.8g , 7.5c ,
9.2f
C.1
ANNEX C
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
16
4.2e , 4.2f ,
5.8a , 6.1b ,
9.5d
17
4.3j
DETECTORS
18
19
4.4c , 6.3b
20
6.3c
21
4.2e , 4.3h ,
4.4c , 5.1a ,
6.3e , 6.4e
22
6.3d
23
4.1c , 7.7d
24
5.8c
25
4.2d , 4.3h
26
6.2d , 6.4b ,
11.1b
27
4.2a , 5.5a ,
5.6a , 5.6d ,
5.7a , 5.8b ,
6.4c , 6.4d
ALARMS
28
4.3e , 7.7d ,
8.1h
29
8.1b , 8.1e ,
8.2b
30
8.1b , 8.1d ,
8.1e , 8.4a
10.1c
32
10.1d
33
10.1e
34
ANNEX C
C.2
or
NA
CHECK
No
CHECK
CLAUSE No
35
4.3f , 9.1b
36
9.1
or
NA
STATUTORY REGULATIONS
37
7.8a
38
3.5c , 5.10c ,
8.5d , 9.7b ,
9.7c
39
7.8b , 8.5c
40
10.2a , 10.2c ,
10.2e
C.3
ANNEX C
ANNEX C
C.4
ANNEX D.
FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTOR AND ALARM SYSTEMS FOR MERCHANT SHIPS
VOYAGES UNDERTAKEN
INTERNATIONAL LONG VOYAGES
VOYAGES
SHORT VOYAGES
CLASS
I*
II*
III
IV
V
VI
VI(A)
D.1
ANNEX D
CLASS
VOYAGES
INTERNATIONAL
LONG
SHORT
NOT
INTERNATIONAL
VII
Any
VII(A)
Ship employed as fish processing or canning factory ship, and ship engaged in carriage
of persons employed in the fish processing or canning industries.
VII(T)
Tanker
Any
VIII
None
VIII(A)
None
VIII(T)
Tanker
None
VIII(A)(T) Tanker
None
IX
None
IX(A)
IX(A)(T)
Tanker
XI
XII
Any
Any
Any
Only
Any
Does not proceed to sea
Proceeds to sea
A fixed fire detection and alarm system is required for all ships of 500 gross tons or over.
Classes XI and XII may be exempted.
The regulations do not apply to fishing vessels (formerly Class X), to nonUK trooships
and certain other categories listed in Statutory Instrument 1985 No 1193.
ANNEX D
D.2
TYPE OF SHIP
Statutory Instrument Part No.
PASSENGER
II VI IX
III VII IX
CLASS OF SHIP
II
IIA*
REGULATION NUMBERS
10
10
13
10
14
86
88
86
88
86
88
102
104
102
104
102
104
Dangerous goods
143
143
VII
VIIA
VIII
VIIIA
IX
TANKER
IV VIII
IXA
XI
XII
VIIT
Regulations 36(1), (2) and (3) apply to all classes over 500 grt, as does
Regulation 123
36
40
143
143
41
44
44
44
46
47
VIIIT
VIIIAT
IXAT
48
55
58
58
D.3
Continuously Patrolled
Sch11
Sch11
Sch11
Sch
11/12
Sch
11/12
Sch
11/12
Sch
11/12
Sch
11/12
N/A
Sch
11/12
Sch
11/12
Sch
11/12
Accommodation spaces,
Service Space & Galleys
M, with either
Schedule 7 or 11
Sch11
Either Schedule 7 or 11
Sch11
Schedule 11 or 12
Construction Method IIC require Schedule 7 and Method IIIC requires Schedule
11
Sch11
M with Schedule 11
ANNEX D
Table D.3 Fire Detection Regulations and Requirements for Merchant Ships
ANNEX D
D.4
ANNEX E.
RISK CLASS
DESIGNATION OF
COMPARTMENT
EXPLOSIVE RISK
MAGAZINE
ADJACENT
COMPARTMENT
DESIGNATED DANGER
AREA
DANGEROUS AREA
GASOLINE
COMPARTMENT
RULING DOCUMENTS
DEFINITION
TYPICAL EXAMPLES
(Refer to ruling documents for
full listings)
ELECTRONIC &
OPERATIONAL HIGH
VALUE SPACES
OTHER COMPARTMENTS
SPACES & ADJACENTS
NES 775, DEF STAN 01-5 and BR 1754
NES 119
Compartment or locker
specifically designed to be safe
for permanent or temporary
stowage of explosive stores.
Compartment or space in
which explosive stores are
occasionally present.
See BR 1754
Compartment or space where highly flammable or flammable
materials is stored, handled, or distributed.
Free-standing lockers, no
walk-in access. Ready-use
magazine. Weapon test and
assembly magazine. Torpedo
tubes.
Automatic spray.
Not fitted.
E.1
WATER SPRAYS TO BE
FITTED (Automatic,
Semi-automatic, Manual)
SMOKE/FIRE DETECTORS
TO BE FITTED
NES 119 requires ship space fire detection system to protect all compartments and spaces on this table. Detectors to be ionization chamber, IR flame, or heat
sensitive types.
WITH ALARMS
SAFETY CERTIFYING
AUTHORITY
BASEEFA (BR 1754 Part 1 Art. 23b and Part 2 Chap 3 Art. 0310).
APPARATUS PROTECTION
Gasoline detectors and capacity gauges to be is and approved, with gas and water-tight
connection. Terminal bores to be flameproof and approved. Motors, control gear and other
equipment to be flameproof and wired in conduit.
No special enclosure.
Enclosures must meet
environmental conditions.
Type of protection N is
adequate if no arcs or sparks
and if no water spray is fitted.
NES 502 requires lighting fittings to conform to NES 587. Other requirements are to conform to BR 1754.
Table E.1 Spaces and Compartments in RN and RFA Ships which require Fire Detectors Prior to 1998
No Special Requirements.
ANNEX E
APPROVED ELECTRICAL
FITTINGS
ANNEX E
E.2
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
Note: Page numbers are given
D
Dangerous areas, 3.2
Dangerous goods, 3.3
A
Abbreviations, B.1, B.2
Access, 6.2
Address, 6.1
Alarm, 1.1, 3.1, 4.3, 7.4, 8.1
Attenuation, 8.1
Audibility, 8.1
Autonomous, 2.2
B
Barrier, 5.8, 9.3
Beacon, 8.3
Becquerel, B.2, B.6
C
Cable
characteristics, 9.2
installations, 9.2
joints, 9.4
LFH, 9.1, 9.2
routes, 4.3, 9.2, 9.4
Certifying Authority, 3.2, 5.8
Changeover switch, 10.1, 10.2
Classification
detectors, 5.7
fires, 5.1
POL, 3.2
ships, 1.2, 2.3, 3.2
Clean compartment, 9.4
Conductors, 9.1
Control equipment, 7.3
Controls, 7.2
Curie, B.6
INDEX 1
INDEX
F
False alarm, 2.2, 4.1, 6.3
Fault
alarm of, 2.1, 7.1
monitoring, 2.1, 7.2, 9.4
signal, 8.2
warning, 4.1, 8.2
I
Impact, 6.3, 6.4
Indication
fault, 8.2
fire, 7.3, 8.2
normal state, 8.2
testing, 8.2
visual, 8.2
Indicator
crew, 7.4
flashing rate, 8.2
secondary, 7.3
Fire
doors, 2.3
extinguishers, 7.4
outbreak of, 4.1, 7.1, 9.1
patrol, 2.3
risk, 4.1
symptoms, 2.1, 5.1
Infra-red, 5.5
Mountings, 6.1
L
Lloyd's Register, 1.1
M
Magazine, 3.1, 7.3
Manual call point, 1.1, 2.3, 4.4, 5.9, 9.3
Manual controls, 2.1, 7.2
Fuses, 10.1
O
Obscuration, 5.8
Optical detector , 5.4
Gasoline, 3.1
H
High fire risk, 3.1
INDEX
Performance of
dual-spectrum detectors, 5.5
flame detectors, 5.5, 5.7
heat detectors, 5.3, 5.6
smoke detectors, 5.6, 5.7
INDEX 2
R
Redundancy, 4.4
Regulations
Lloyd's, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5
magazine, 3.1, 3.2, 7.3
merchant shipping, 2.3, 2.4, 3.3
POL, 3.1, 3.2, 5.8
Response grading, 5.6
Response of system, 4.1
Response threshold, 5.6
T
Test requirements, 2.1, 11.1
Testing
detectors, 5.8, 11.1, 11.2
electrical, 11.1, 11.2
is systems, 11.2
machinery spaces, 11.2
on board, 11.1, 11.2
precautions, 11.1
routine, 11.1
software, 11.2
Trials, 4.1, 11.1
Type approval, 2.3, 4.1, 4.4, 4.5, 5.9
U
Ultra-violet, 5.5, 5.6
Sensor, 5.2
Shock, 6.3
Silencing, 7.2, 8.2
Siting of
call points, 9.3
components, 9.2
V
Ventilation trunks, 3.1, 3.2, 6.3
Vibration, 6.3, 9.3
Voltage, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2
INDEX 3
INDEX
W
Warning notice, 9.4
Water spray, 2.3
Z
Zone, 4.2, 5.8
INDEX
INDEX 4
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