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Ministry of Defence

INTERIM Defence Standard 02-603


(NES 603)
Issue 2 Publication Date 1 June 2001

Requirements for the Policy, Design and


Installation of Fire Detection Systems in
Ships

Category 1

AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION


AMD NO

DATE OF
ISSUE

TEXT AFFECTED

SIGNATURE &
DATE

Revision Note
This Issue of this Standard has been prepared to incorporate changes to text and presentation.
The technical content has been updated in line with current practice.
Historical Record
Def Stan 02-603/Issue 1
NES 603 Issue 1

1 April 2000
April 1990

DPA
Defence
Procurement
Agency

MR J KNOTT
STAN SPM 5

Defence Standardization
Rm 1138
Kentigern House
65 Brown st
Glasgow G2 8EX

D/DStan/69/2/603/Def Stan 02-603 Issue 2

Direct line:
Switchboard:
Facsimile:
e-mail:

0141 224 2332


0141 224 2531
0141 224 2503

pdgst5@udawn.dpa.mod.uk or
j.knott@dstan.mod.uk

Your Ref:
Our Ref: DStan/69/2/603
Date:

INTERIM DEFENCE STANDARD (FORMER NES) - INVITATION TO COMMENT


Defence Standard Number: 02-603 (NES 603) Issue 2 INTERIM
Title: Requirements for the Policy, Design and Installation of Fire Detection Systems in Ships
The above Defence Standard has been published as an INTERIM Standard. Interim Defence Standards
are suitable to be called up in contracts and have the same legal status as full standards. In addition this
standard is considered to be technically correct, but it is necessary to use it and get user feed back on its
suitability before reissue as a full standard. Interim Standards are reviewed after a year and where
necessary amended. They are then normally reissued as full standards. Users are therefore invited to
forward any information or comment and experience on the application of this standard. These will be
collated and forwarded to the sponsor to aid amendment and issue of a final version.
The purpose of this form therefore is to solicit any beneficial and constructive comment that will assist
the author and/or working group to review the INTERIM Standard prior to it being converted to a full
Standard.
Comments are to be entered below and any additional pertinent data which may also be of use in
improving the Standard should be attached to this form and returned to the above address.
No acknowledgement to comments received will normally be issued.

J Knott

NAME: J KNOTT
SIGNATURE:
BRANCH: PDG/DSTAN SPM 5
1. Does any part of the Standard create problems or require interpretation:
YES

NO

If yes state under section 3:


a. the clause number(s) and wording;
b. the recommendation for correcting the deficiencies.

AN EXECUTIVE AGENCY OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

2. Is the Defence Standard restrictive:


YES

NO If yes state in what way under section 3.

3. Comments, general or any requirement considered too rigid:


Page

Clause

Comments

Proposed Solution

4. I/We agree that this Draft Standard, subject to my/our comments being taken into consideration,
when published in final form will cover my/our requirements in full. Should you find my/our comments
at variance with the majority, I/we shall be glad of the opportunity to enlarge upon them before final
publication.
Signature.................................................................Representing.................................................
Telephone number:
Submitted by (print or type name and address)
Date:
Our Ref:

DSTAN Form 42N

INTERIM DEFENCE STANDARD 02603 (NES 603)

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE POLICY, DESIGN AND INSTALLATION


OF FIRE DETECTION SYSTEMS IN SHIPS

ISSUE 2

This Defence Standard is


authorized for use in MOD contracts
by the Defence Procurement Agency and
the Defence Logistics Organization

Published by:
Defence Procurement Agency,
An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence,
Directorate of Standardization,
Kentigern House,
65 Brown Street,
Glasgow, G2 8EX.
(i)

DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

(ii)

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

SCOPE
1.

This Defence Standard is concerned with shipwide fire detection systems. The main fire
detection control panel and detectors shall form an Autonomous Fire Detection and Alarm
System (AFDAS).

2.

The basic general principles of this Defence Standard are to be applied to any fire detection
systems that are fitted. Systems fitted to HM Surface Ships and Submarines are to comply
with this standard, but boats and auxiliary vessels are excluded from the main requirements.

3.

Autonomous fire detection systems comprise automatic fixed fire detectors, fire alarms,
control panels, indicating units and the associated electric cabling to connect and energise the
system. Their purpose is to protect the ship spaces and compartments.

4.

Autonomous fire detection systems may be fitted to any class of vessel. When vessels have a
Platform Management System (PMS) or an integrated damage control and surveillance
system, those elements peculiar to fire detection are to follow the principles of this standard.

5.

Cabinet monitors, specific machinery monitors and automatic fire suppression systems with
their own detectors (which employ techniques for fire detection similar to those of this
standard) are the responsibility of the relevant equipment design authorities and are outside
the scope of this standard. However, addressable fire detection systems are capable of
providing identification of individual detectors and could display these alarms of fire at the
Fire Detection (FD) controller. Warship Project Manager (WPM) should be consulted on the
requirement to display such alarms on the FD controller.

6.

Portable fire detection or alarm systems for temporary protection during shipyard work, are
outside the scope of this standard.

7.

Vessels procured for RN or RFA service but not normally described as warships, may be subject
to statutory rules and regulations. Guidance on the requirements for such vessels is provided
within this standard, by reference to The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Regulations
1984 (and amendments) and to Lloyds Register of Shipping Classification Rules and Safety
of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Regulations.

(iii)

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

(iv)

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

FOREWORD
Sponsorship
1.

This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) is sponsored by the Defence Logistics Organization
(DLO), Ministry of Defence (MOD).

2.

Any user of this NES either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it.
Proposals for amendments that are not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be
made to the publishing authority identified on Page (i), and those directly applicable to a
particular contract are to be dealt with using contract procedures.

3.

If it is found to be unsuitable for any particular requirement, MOD is to be informed in writing


of the circumstances.

4.

No alteration is to be made to this NES except by the issue of an authorized amendment.

5.

Unless otherwise stated, reference in this NES to approval, approved, authorized and similar
terms means by the MOD in writing.

6.

Any significant amendments that may be made to this NES at a later date will be indicated
by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line
interval.

7.

Extracts from British Standards quoted within this NES have been included with the
permission of the British Standards Institution.

8.

This NES has been reissued to reflect changes in departmental nomenclature and the changes
to technical requirements.

Conditions of Release
General
9.

This NES has been devised solely for the use of the MOD, and its contractors in the execution
of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the MOD hereby excludes all liability
whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, liability resulting from
negligence) for any loss or damage however caused when the NES is used for any other
purpose.

10.

This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or
third party rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission
of the MOD.

11.

The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this NES without consulting
or informing any holder.

MOD Tender or Contract Process


12.

This NES is the property of the Crown. Unless otherwise authorized in writing by the MOD
it must be returned on completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in connection
with which it is issued.

13.

When this NES is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user is to ensure that
he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents,
relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made to
the authority named in the tender or contract.

14.

When NES are incorporated into MOD contracts, users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contractual and any other statutory requirements.
Compliance with an NES does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

(v)

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

Categories of NES
15.

The Category of this NES has been determined using the following criteria:
a.

Category 1. If not applied may have a Critical affect on the following:


Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties.
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment.

b.

Category 2. If not applied may have a Significant affect on the following:


Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties.
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment.
Through life costs and support.

c.

Category 3. If not applied may have a Minor affect on the following:


MOD best practice and fleet commonality.
Corporate Experience and Knowledge.
Current support practice.

Related Documents
16.

In the tender and procurement processes the related documents listed in each section and
Annex A can be obtained as follows:
a.

British Standards

British Standards Institution,


389 Chiswick High Road,
London, W4 4AL.

b.

Defence Standards, including


Naval Engineering Standards

Defence Procurement Agency,


An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence,
Directorate of Standardization,
Kentigern House,
65 Brown Street,
Glasgow, G2 8EX.

c.

Other documents

Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.

17.

All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant
MOD Invitation to Tender or Contract number and date, together with the sponsoring
Directorate and the Tender or Contract Sponsor.

18.

Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant
documentation, including specifications, standards and drawings.

Health and Safety


Warning
19.

This NES may call for the use of processes, substances and/or procedures that are injurious
to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in
no way absolves either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to health
and safety at any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those
quoted may not necessarily be exhaustive.

20.

This NES has been written, and is to be used, taking into account the policy stipulated in
JSP430: MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook.

Additional Information
(There is no relevant information included)

(vi)

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

CONTENTS
Page No
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (i)
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii)
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Sponsorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Conditions of Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Categories of NES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vi)
Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (vii)
CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ix)
SECTION

1.
1.1
1.2
1.3

POLICY STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fighting Ships and Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Standard Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vessels Refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2

SECTION

2.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Autonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .

2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3

SECTION

3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

COMPARTMENTS AND SPACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Explosive Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High Fire Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ventilation Trunking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and SI 1981/1774
and amendments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2

SYSTEM DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
System Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.3

SECTION

4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4

(vii)

3.2

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

CONTENTS (continued)
Table 4.1
4.5
4.6
4.7
Table 4.2

Page No
Smoke Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interface with Other Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .
Maximum Spacing of Detectors
(SI 1984/1218 Schedule 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5

SECTION

5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Table 5.1
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10

METHODS OF DETECTING FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Effects of Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Smoke Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flame Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance of Heat Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat Detector Temperature Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance of Smoke Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performance of Flame Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection of Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Explosive and High Fire Risk Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .

5.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8

SECTION

6.
6.1
6.2
Table 6.1
6.3
Table 6.2

6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2

6.4
6.5

MOUNTING OF DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mounting Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Position of Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommended Limits for Deckhead Heights . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recommended Coverage per Detector for
EDP Installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .

SECTION

7.
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Response to Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manual Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Event Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Malfunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Location of Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .

7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3

SECTION

8.
8.1
Table 8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5

ALARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire Alarm Sounder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sound Attenuation up to 24 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fault Warning Sounder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Visual Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High Intensity Beacons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendment) . . . .

8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3

(viii)

6.2
6.3
6.4

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

CONTENTS (continued)

Page No

SECTION

9.
9.1
Table 9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7

SYSTEM INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selection of Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conductor Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation of Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Siting of System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mounting of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Intrinsically Safe Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .

9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.2
9.2
9.3
9.3
9.4

SECTION

10.
10.1
10.2
10.3

POWER SUPPLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fighting Ships and Submarines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Standard Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SOLAS Reg II-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10.1
10.1
10.1
10.2

SECTION

11.
11.1
11.2
11.3

TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Functional Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments) . . . .

11.1
11.1
11.1
11.2

ANNEX

A.

RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A.1

ANNEX

B.
Table B.1

ABBREVIATIONS, DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND


UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.1
Symbols and Units for Fire Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B.6

ANNEX

C.

PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.1

ANNEX

D.

FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTOR AND ALARM


SYSTEMS FOR MERCHANT SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classification of Passenger Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Classification of Ships Other Than Passenger Ships . . . . . .
Fire Detection Regulations and Requirements for
Merchant Ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Table D.1
Table D.2
Table D.3
ANNEX

E.
Table E.1

D.1
D.1
D.2
D.3

SPACES AND COMPARTMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.1


Spaces and Compartments in RN and RFA Ships which
require Fire Detectors Prior to 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E.1

ALPHABETICAL INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX 1

(ix)

INT DEF STAN 02603 / ISSUE 2


(NES 603)

(x)

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

1.

POLICY STATEMENT
Related Documents: BR 862; BR 1754; NES 119; NES 501; NES 502; NES 1004;
STANAG 1169; see also Annex A.

1.1

Fighting Ships and Submarines

1.2

a.

The primary purpose of fitting fire detection systems is to maintain the


operational efficiency of fighting ships and submarines at all times. This
purpose is achieved by providing early warning of the outbreak of fire to the
Designated Command or Monitoring Position (DCMP). This position will
normally be in the Ship Control Centre (SCC) unless otherwise stated in the
ship Statement of Technical Requirement (STR).

b.

Fire detection systems shall cover all compartments/spaces and compartments


as defined in NES 119.

c.

Warning of the outbreak of fire, or Alarm of Fire, is to be confined to the DCMP,


and to the locations specified in Section 8. of this NES. It is not to be broadcast
automatically throughout the vessel or be given in unspecified locations.

d.

Fire detection systems, installed in fighting ships and submarines are not to
include manual call points, unless specifically called for in the system STR.

e.

Fire detection systems are to meet the relevant requirements of STANAG 1169,
NES 119, BR 862 and BR 1754.

f.

The design of every Fire Detection System is to meet the requirements of this
NES. Equipment designed specifically for MOD shall meet the general
requirements of NES 501. Where Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) equipment
is to be used all items shall have been type approved and listed for marine
application by an International Association of Classification Society (IACS)
recognized classification society. All component equipments forming part of
the fire detection system shall meet the requirements of NES 1004, as
appropriate to the class of ship or submarine, and location within the vessel.
Each installation is to be in accordance with NES 502.

Commercial Standard Ships


a.

Some ships are procured to commercial standards for RN and RFA service. Fire
detection systems fitted to such ships are to meet the requirements of the
international convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) published by the
International Maritime Organization (IMO). The relevant British regulations
are The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Regulations 1984 with
amendments. Their purpose is to meet treaty obligations to safeguard the lives
of passengers and crew.

b.

Fire detection systems fitted to commercial standard ships for RN and RFA
service, are also to meet the requirements of an independent certification
organization for classifying ships. Lloyd's Register of Shipping (LR) is such an
organization, and their requirements are published as Rules and Regulations
for the Classification of Ships, Part 6. The purpose of these regulations is to
ensure that ships are constructed, maintained and operated to achieve a high
standard of safety for life and property.

1.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
c.

d.

1.3

Equivalent regulations are published by independent classification societies


based in other NATO countries. These are:
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)

USA

Germanischer Lloyd (GL)

Federal Republic of Germany

Registro Italiano (RINA)

Italy

Fldenavis

Spain

Bureau Veritas (BV)

France.

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Norway

Only IACS Classification Societies are to be used.

Vessels Refitting
a.

RN ships and submarines which are undergoing repairs or refits in dockyards,


may be subject to legal requirements to ensure the safety of a civilian workforce.
The Health and Safety Executive has published Guidance Note GS 19 `General
fire precautions aboard ships being fitted out or under repair'.

b.

The fire detection systems of warships may provide less comprehensive


protection than those of commercial standard ships. Additional fire risks may
be present as a consequence of dockyard operations. Therefore the installation
of portable, temporary, fire detection systems, is to be considered in such
circumstances.

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(NES 603)

2.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Related Documents: DEF STAN 59-41; NES 183; NES 1004; NES 1027; see also
Annex A.

2.1

Function

2.2

2.3

a.

A fire detection system which complies with this NES is to monitor the
environment within each selected compartment and space, so as to detect the
symptoms of fire within that environment. The environment is to be
continuously monitored at all times.

b.

Whenever the symptoms of fire are detected, an alarm of fire is to be given,


quickly and automatically, at the control station and elsewhere if required.

c.

In any vessel, the fire detection system is to meet the vulnerability


requirements of the STR, so that an acceptable degree of protection is
maintained when an outbreak of fire, or other damage, occurs.

d.

In any vessel, the fire detection system is to maintain cover during test and
maintenance operations to the system, or to any other part of the vessel and its
equipment.

e.

Depending on the size and complexity of the vessel and its fire detection system,
consideration is to be given to the need for automatic provision of a permanent
record of the nature and time of all events occurring on the system.

Control
a.

All components of the fire detection system in any vessel are to be controlled
from a single control station, at any one time. The state of the system is to be
visually indicated at that station. The need for alternative control stations is to
be considered. Control is not to be shared between stations at any time.

b.

Manual controls and indicators are to be provided in accordance with Section 7.


of this NES, to allow for the resetting of the system after an outbreak of fire, or
any other interruption. The controls are to permit disablement of any
subsystem.

Testing
a.

The fire detection system is to monitor continuously the whole system


installation and its supplies, so as to detect automatically any fault,
unambiguously distinguishing faults from symptoms of fire.

b.

Whenever a fault is detected, an alarm is to be given, quickly and automatically


at the control station, and elsewhere if required. The alarm of fault is to be
clearly distinguishable from the alarm of fire. The nature and location of the
fault are to be indicated at the control station.

c.

Means are to be provided to test the system and its components, whilst
continuing to monitor all selected compartments and spaces for symptoms of
fire. Restoration of the system after testing, without replacement of any
component, is to be possible.

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INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
d.

2.4

Test facilities are to be provided to confirm the correct operation of the system.
Correct operation includes the display of correct indications at the control
station and elsewhere.

Autonomy
a.

The fire detection system is to be functionally autonomous, as defined in the


SCOPE. It is to be capable of functioning independently of all other systems.
Interfaces, transmitting signals to other ship systems, may be provided, for
example, alarm signals.

b.

Interfaces to receive signals from other ship systems, are not to be provided.
NOTE See Section 4.6 for vessels with a PMS or Integrated Damage Control
System (IDCS).

2.5

c.

The ship fire detection system is for indication only. However, an output
confirming the coincident alarm of two or more heat detectors in a
compartment may be provided to a water spray control panel. Each heat
detector, on activation, would indicate an alarm of fire on the fire detection
panel. The requirements for such spray systems would be specified in NES 183
or the STR.

d.

In vessels with integrated damage control and surveillance, the fire detection
system may be part or provide input into an integrated system. It may not then
necessarily function independently.

e.

The power supply to the fire detection system is to be in accordance with


Section10. An emergency power supply, with automatic changeover, is to be
provided.

Environment
a.

The fire detection system is to perform correctly under the environmental


conditions specified in NES 1004. Reference is to be made to NES 1004 to
determine the requirements and testing for fire detection equipment, according
to the class of vessel and location of the equipment.

b.

Fire detectors are to be selected which detect the symptoms of fire without false
alarms caused by other environmental conditions such as ambient
temperature, salt laden atmosphere, shock, solar radiation, etc. Where these
conditions are unavoidable, detectors are to be installed so as to negate the
effects of the normal environment, and so permitting fire symptoms to be
distinguished.

c.

Continuous monitoring to detect symptoms of fire is to be unaffected by


degradation or momentary interruption to the power supply to the fire detector
system, nor is it to be affected by the disruption of other circuits, or by the
automatic changeover to an emergency supply.

d.

The electromagnetic compatibility characteristics of the fire detection system


are to be such that it does not degrade the performance of other equipment, and
will function properly in the environment of the vessel in which it is installed.
Reference is to be made to DEF STAN 5941, and NES 1027 and STRs are to
contain a qualitative statement of the electromagnetic parameters which are
necessary and sufficient to meet the requirements of the environment as
defined by the Design Sponsor.

2.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
e.

2.6

2.7

It is the Design Sponsor's responsibility to include in the STR only such tests as
are essential for satisfactory operation, and to avoid unnecessary groups of
tests.

Requirement
a.

Autonomous fire detection systems installed in fighting ships, submarines and


ships for RN and RFA service built to commercial standards, are to meet the
requirements of this NES.

b.

Ships for RN and RFA service, but not normally described as warships, built to
commercial standards are also to meet the requirements of Statutory
Instrument 1984 No 1218 and amendments, and Lloyd's Rules and regulations
Part 6 and amendments. See Clause 1.2b .

c.

For ships procured overseas from other NATO powers, acceptance of the
classification rules of an overseas society, a full member of IACS, equivalent to
those of Lloyd's Register, is to be considered.

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments)


a.

The regulations in the Statutory Instruments require fixed fire detection and
fire alarm systems, and fixed pressure water spraying systems to be installed.
These installations are determined by the type of vessel (passenger, tanker etc),
size of vessel, nature of cargo, numbers of passengers and the structural fire
protection methods employed.

b.

Fire detectors are required in machinery spaces, and also in accommodation,


service, cargo spaces and control stations. Manual call points are required in
accommodation spaces, in service spaces and galleys, companionways and
escape routes and on the vehicle decks of car ferries. A fire patrol is required in
passenger ships.

c.

A visible and audible alarm of fire is to be automatically initiated at the control


panel and at indicating units. If these signals have not received attention
within two minutes, an audible alarm is automatically sounded throughout the
crew accommodation, and elsewhere.

d.

Plans for the fire detection system are required to be submitted to the
appropriate certifying authority, including details of the hardware and software
for programmable electronic systems.

e.

The spacing of detectors, and floor area per detector, are specified. Detectors
are to be grouped in sections, with no more than 100 detectors per section, (refer
to Clause 4.2b).

f.

The fire detection system may automatically initiate water spraying systems
and may close fire doors.

g.

Components which have been commercially typeapproved are required to be


used. Class societies such as Lloyd's Register publish lists of typeapproved
equipment which have been environmentally tested under Type Approval
Schemes.

h.

A permanent record of events occurring in the fire detection system is not a


mandatory requirement, but is recommended.

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INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
i.

j.

Annex D tabulates the statutory requirement for fire and smoke detection
systems for merchant ships. For further information, reference is to be made to
Statutory Instrument 1984 No 1218 and amendments, notably:
Schedule 7

Automatic Sprinkler, Fire Detection and Alarm Systems

Schedule 11

Fixed Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems and

Schedule 12

Sample Extraction Smoke Detection Systems.

The Statutory Regulations are based on the International Convention for


SOLAS published by the International Maritime Organization. The relevant
Chapter is II2.

2.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

3.

COMPARTMENTS AND SPACES


Related Documents: BR 862; BR 1754; BS 5345; DEF STAN 01-5; NES 102; NES 519;
NES 626; NES 775; see also Annex A.

3.1

Requirements
a.

For new vessels the Fire Detection System shall cover all Compartments/Spaces
but reference should be made to the ship STR which defines the complete
installation requirements. The Fire Detection System alarms and warnings are
to comply with NES 626.

b.

For existing InService Vessels: As a minimum fire detectors are to be fitted in


Explosive Risk and High Fire Risk spaces and compartments.
Ventilation trunking to and from such compartments.
Electronic and Operational spaces of high value.
Reference is to be made to Annex E for definitions and examples of such spaces,
and to the ruling documents tabulated in Annex E for further information.

c.

Extensions of the minimum system to cover:


(1)

Adjacent compartments to High Fire Risk Compartment (see Annex C);

(2)

All unmanned spaces and compartments;

(3)

All spaces and compartments;

to provide an enhanced level of protection should be considered whenever


practicable.

3.2

3.3

Explosive Risk
a.

Fire detectors are to be installed in all Magazines, Adjacent Compartments


(except low fire risk compartments) and in Designated Danger Areas.
Reference is to be made to NES 519 for definitions of these spaces, and to
BR862, especially, for regulations concerning ship design and electrical safety
and for regulations concerning weapon stowage and adjacent compartments in
submarines.

b.

Detectors installed in accordance with Clause 3.2a are to initiate alarms at the
locations specified in BR 862.

c.

The term `gasoline' denotes all Petroleum Oils and Lubricants (POL) fuels
which have been classified as `highly flammable' and are stored or used in HM
Ships. Reference is to be made to BR 1754 and NES 775 for definitions of
`gasoline compartment' and `gasoline tank'.

d.

BR 1754 Part 2, Article 0401 requires all gasoline compartments to be treated


similarly to magazines in respect of precautions against fire. Therefore fire
detectors are to be installed in all gasoline compartments.

e.

Detectors in the spaces covered by Clause 3.2a are to be installed in accordance


with NES 519. Detectors in the spaces covered by Clause 3.2d are to be
installed in accordance with BR 1754.

High Fire Risk


a.

Any compartment or space where material which is classified as `highly


flammable' or `flammable' is stored, handled or distributed is termed a
Dangerous Area. Reference is to be made to BR 1754 for detailed definitions
with examples. The materials present may include POL, LOX, paint, dope etc.

3.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

3.4

3.5

b.

The classification of POL depends upon the flash point of the material.
Reference is to be made to DEF STAN 015 for the flash point classification of
fuels, lubricants and associated products for MOD use.

c.

Only detectors which have been certified for use in flammable atmospheres are
to be installed in Dangerous Areas covered by Clause 3.3a . The Certifying
Authority for Britishmade electrical equipment for use in Dangerous Areas is
the Electrical Equipment Certifying Service (EECS), a part of the Health and
Safety Executive (HSE). There are equivalent overseas national authorities for
nonBritish equipment.

d.

The cabling, installation, and fittings for fire detectors and associated
equipment fitted in Dangerous Areas are to be in accordance with BR 1754
Part 2, subject to compliance with the recommendations of BS 5345 Part 4.

Ventilation Trunking
a.

Fire detectors are to be installed in the exhaust ducts of air conditioning and
ventilation systems which serve Explosive Risk, High Fire Risk and Dangerous
Areas. Such detectors are to be contained within probe units, which sample air
flowing through the duct and detect combustion products originating in the
protected compartment or in the duct itself. Each probe unit is to be located so
that the normal airflow in the duct carries combustion products from the
compartment to the probe. The use of probes upstream, to give early warning of
the products of combustion originating elsewhere, is to be considered.

b.

Reference is to be made to BR 862 for information on the air conditioning


systems for Magazines, and to NES 102 for all other areas. Detector probe units
are to be located so that the compartments and ducts are protected in the open
ship and closed down states, in all conditions of weather and climate and with
the possibility of false fire alarms minimized.

c.

Fire detectors are not to be fitted in dedicated smoke clearance trunking.

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and SI 1981/1774 and amendments)


a.

Ships for RN and RFA Service built to commercial standards are to be fitted
with fire detectors, according to the ship classification under Statutory
Instrument 1984 No 1218 and amendments. Reference is to be made to Annex
B, and to Schedules 7, 11 and 12 of the regulations for the detailed requirements
and options. Reference is also to be made to BR 862 Part 4 to ascertain the
applicability of Naval Magazine and Explosive Regulations to MOD ships and
craft not manned by the RN, and especially the regulations for fire detection
and alarm systems.

b.

The installation is to meet the requirement of Clause 3.1b , and in addition fire
detectors are to be installed to protect the following spaces:
(1)

Accommodation spaces including corridors, escape routes, lobbies and


stairways;

(2)

Cargo spaces, including closed and open ro/ro spaces;

(3)

Control stations;

(4)

Public spaces;

(5)

Spaces not reasonably accessible to the fire patrol;

(6)

Special category spaces, if not patrolled or if carrying dangerous goods.

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INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
c.

The Statutory Instrument permits the installation of sample extraction smoke


detectors to protect the following spaces:
(1)

Spaces not reasonably accessible to the fire patrol;

(2)

Cargo spaces containing motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their
own propulsion (other than special category spaces or ro/ro spaces);

(3)

All other cargo spaces including those for dangerous goods;

d.

It should be noted that the use of such sample detectors is not preferred, and the
specific permission of the MOD is to be obtained before they are installed in any
MOD vessels.

e.

For details of the classification, marking, notification and regulations for the
carriage of dangerous goods in merchant ships, reference is to be made to
Statutory Instrument 1981 No 1747 (and amendments) and to the relevant
documents listed therein.

3.3

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

3.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

4.

SYSTEM DESIGN
Related Documents: BS 5839 Part 1; BS 6387; BS EN 54 Parts 1, 5, 7, 8 and 9;
NES 502; NES 620; see also Annex A.

4.1

System Response

4.2

a.

The system is to initiate an alarm of fire when symptoms of fire are present in
any protected compartment or space. It is essential that the time delay between
the outbreak of fire and the alarm signal is minimized. Therefore a rapid
response is more important than a response which depends on level of
obscuration by smoke, or on rise of temperature.

b.

An oversensitive system will cause false fire signals due to accident or


malfunction. An acceptable compromise to achieve a rapid response without an
excessive number of false signals is to be sought.

c.

Advice is to be sought from potential system suppliers as to the response time


and incidence of false fire signals claimed for their products. STRs are to draw
attention to the uncertainties which affect statements about the normal
environment for a fire detector on board ship, for example, the effects of
weather and ventilation currents when at sea. The needs for additional
detectors for protection when not at sea are to be considered.

d.

The response of a fire detection system is specific to the class of vessel, and to the
space which it is protecting. It is therefore impracticable to enumerate limits
for response time or for false fire signals, either in this NES or in STRs. Note:
For fire detection on land, BS 5839 Part 1 states that the average rate of false
alarms from an installation should not exceed one false alarm per year for each
10 detectors fitted to the system. The number of false alarms from an individual
detector or detector location should not exceed one false alarm per two years.

e.

Detector circuits are to be arranged so that a fault warning is given within 100 s
of the occurrence, of any open or short circuit in a cable which would disable one
or more detectors (and/or call points if fitted), or of a failure of any other
interconnection.

f.

Response times required during system acceptance trials on board are to be


based on response times claimed by the system supplier.

Detectors
a.

Fire detectors installed in surface ships and submarines are to be of types


approved by the MOD. They are to be selected from types which have been
typeapproved and listed for marine applications by a recognized classification
society. The need for additional type testing to confirm their suitability for the
warship environment is to be considered.

b.

Detectors are to be mounted in all the compartments, spaces and trunks which
are to be protected. The spacing and mounting of detectors are determined by
the geometry of the compartment and by regulations, and are to comply with
the requirements of Section 6.

c.

The nature of the fire risk which is anticipated at each location is to be


considered when selecting the types of detector required (Clauses 5.1a to 5.1f
refer).

4.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

4.3

d.

Detectors are to comply with the relevant parts of BS EN 54 Parts 5, 7 or 8 which


provide for three classes of fire sensitivity. Reference is to be made to BS EN 54
Part 9, and detectors are to be selected with response values suitable for the
anticipated type of fire, so as to provide a quick alarm signal and a low level of
false fire signals. In locations where contamination of the detector is likely to
occur, the use of detectors which give a prealarm warning of output signal drift,
is to be considered.

e.

In locations where the environment makes unambiguous detection of fire


symptoms difficult, the use of coincident and varied design of detectors and
suitable control circuitry, is to be considered. For machinery spaces a variety of
smoke detectors, i.e. Ionisation Smoke Detectors and Photoelectric Smoke
Detectors, may be considered to provide the optimum protection whilst
minimising the risk of spurious alarms.

f.

BS EN 54 Part 1 applies to components of automatic fire detection systems for


buildings. It may also be used as a basis for the assessment of components of
systems for other purposes, e.g. mines, ships. BS EN 54 is not to be confused
with other British Standards which apply to components of automatic fire
detection systems for use in residential premises. Compliance of an individual
component, such as a fire detector, with a part of any published British
Standard does not necessarily guarantee that it will work satisfactorily in
conjunction with another component similarly complying. Reference is to be
made to BS 5839 Part 1 for advice on compatibility, and STRs are to provide
adequate information to ensure compatibility, especially if components are to
be procured from more than one manufacturer. Clause 5.8a refers.

Architecture
a.

Detectors are to be connected in such a manner that the location of fire can be
quickly identified at the control station. This may be achieved by subdividing
the whole installation into sections, by the installation of an addressable
system, or by some combination of such arrangements. Faults which occur in
any section are not to prevent the correct operation of other sections.

b.

Subdivisions of the system are to be termed `sections'. The term `zone' is to be


confined to structural divisions of the vessel. A zone may contain a number of
fire alarm sections.

c.

Removal of any detector from its section circuit is not to prevent operation of
other detectors in that circuit, or of any fire alarm sounder which is connected
in a common circuit.

d.

The numbers of sections, and the size of each section, in any vessel are to be
determined by consideration of the following factors:
(1)

The distance/area which must be searched from the point of entry before
the site of the fire is visually located. Where a section contains closed
compartment doors, visible external indicators reduce the search
distance.

(2)

Section boundaries are to coincide with compartment and space


boundaries such as bulkheads. Several compartments may be protected
by one section.

(3)

Statutory regulations contain specific requirements. Clause 4.7d refers.

(4)

Detector current and power requirements.

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INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

4.4

e.

Controls, indicators and sounders are to be provided and located as required by


Sections 7. and 8. of this NES. The need for duplicate alarms (Clause 7.7d
refers) is to be considered.

f.

The architecture is to be such that at least one sounder will be capable of


operating following an outbreak of fire. The provision of high integrity cable for
sounders is to be considered and reference is to be made to BS 6387 for further
information, and Clause 9.1 of this NES.

g.

The design of a new system should ensure that the loading of the system does
not exceed 75% of maximum capacity to allow for future expansion. For
warships and vessels in which a fire detection system of more than 50 detectors
is employed, an addressable fire detection system shall be fitted.

h.

Addressable intelligent systems provide facilities which are difficult or


impossible to achieve with conventional systems. For example:
(1)

The source of a fire signal can be traced to an individual detector;

(2)

Alarms may be confirmed by addressing adjacent detectors e.g. coincident


detectors in magazines;

(3)

Fire signals can be compared against stored values before triggering an


alarm;

(4)

Genuine fire signals can be distinguished from slow drift due to


contamination or ageing of the detector sensor;

(5)

The threshold signal limit for each detector can be adjusted to allow for
local environmental conditions;

(6)

The order and frequency of interrogation of detectors can be adjusted to


match the fire risk;

(7)

Detectors can be tested remotely;

(8)

Detector performance can be monitored for timely replacement.

i.

Detectors in addressable systems may be connected in a number of continuous


twowire loops, or double that number of single lines. Some systems permit the
connection of spurs of conventional detectors. Modular extensions are possible,
using a serial communication data bus, for very large installations.

j.

The control and indicating equipment for addressable systems is to comply with
BS 5839 Part 4 pending the publication of the equivalent European Standard.
The need for additional environmental testing appropriate to the class of vessel
and location of the control station, is to be considered.

k.

For systems which incorporate software, NES 620 is to be consulted.

l.

System architecture is to be such that the lengths of cable and number of


penetrations of watertight bulkheads and decks are kept to a minimum. Cable
routes are to be in accordance with NES 502.

Redundancy
a.

Preference is to be given to system configurations that allow redundant


communication paths between components. Such redundancy is to maintain
protection against fire when the system is itself damaged, by fire or other
causes.

4.3

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
b.

At least one detector is to be installed in every protected compartment. Visual


indicators are to be provided outside normally locked compartments (Clause
4.3d refers), and outside compartments where a section protects more than one
compartment.

c.

The maximum spacing of detectors, and floor area covered per detector are not
to exceed the statutory limits (clause 4.7d Table 4.2 refers). For the protection
of magazines the number of smoke detectors shall be as specified in NES 183.
The numbers of smoke detectors fitted in Flammable and Paint Stores and
other High Risk areas shall be as specified for magazines in NES 183 which is
currently as follows:

<12 m2
12

m2

to 25

1
m2

then 1 detector for every additional 50 m2 (or part thereof)

Table 4.1 Smoke Detectors


4.5

Data Transmission
a.

4.6

4.7

The method of data transmission for all autonomous fire detection systems is to
be such that each system meets all the requirements of this NES. The scanning
speed of addressable systems is to be high enough to detect fire symptoms
rapidly in all protected spaces and compartments. Signal voltages, frequencies,
band widths and pulse shapes are to be chosen so that data is not corrupted by
electromagnetic interference, and so that the system does not interfere with
other systems.

Interface with Other Systems


a.

Where a policy of integrated damage control and surveillance has been


established, the method of data transmission, and interfaces, are to be
compatible with the integrated system, of which the fire detection system forms
a part.

b.

Where autonomous fire detection systems are to interface to other command


systems, STRs are to specify the interface requirements for compatibility
(Clause2.4b also refers).

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments)


a.

Only approved fire detectors are to be used. Reference is to be made to the LR


Type Approval Schemes for details of the environmental testing of control and
electrical equipment which is required to secure approval.

b.

Detectors are to be fitted to the spaces listed in Clause 3.5b , and sample
extraction smoke detectors are permitted. Manual call points are required at
specified locations. Clauses 3.5c and 1.1d refer respectively.

c.

The alarm of fire is to be raised throughout the ship, in accordance with


Clause2.7c .

d.

The maximum spacing of detectors is to be in accordance with Table 4.2.

4.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

Type of
detector

Maximum
floor area per
detector

Maximum
distance apart
between centres

Maximum
distance away
from bulkheads

Heat

37 m2

9m

4.5 m

m2

11 m

5.5 m

Smoke

74

Table 4.2 Maximum Spacing of Detectors (SI 1984/1218 Schedule 11)


Other spacings based upon test data which demonstrate the characteristics of
the detectors may be required or permitted.
e.

Sections are not permitted to protect spaces on more than one deck (except for
enclosed stairways). No section is to protect more than 50 compartments. No
section is to contain more than 100 detectors. Sections are not to protect spaces
on both sides of a passenger ship, or in more than one vertical zone, without
special permission. Machinery spaces are not to be included in sections which
protect a control station, service, accommodation or cargo space.

f.

Reference is to be made to 1984 Statutory Instrument No 1218 Schedules 11


and 12 for further details.

g.

Reference is to be made to Lloyd's Rules for Classification of Ships Part 6 and


amendments, for regulations concerning:
(1)

Type approval of programmable electronic equipment;

(2)

Local Area Network (LAN) for transfer of alarm data between computers
and data gathering equipment;

(3)

Software for programmable electronic systems;

(4)

Integrated computer systems;

(5)

Additional fire protection;

(6)

Periodically unattended machinery spaces.

4.5

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

4.6

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

5.

METHODS OF DETECTING FIRE


Related Documents: BR 1754 Part 2; BS 5345 Part 4; BS 5446 Part 1;
BS 5501 Part 7; BS EN 2; BS EN 54 Part 5, 7, 8 and 9; BS EN 60529; JSP 392; NES 1004;
see also Annex A.

5.1

Effects of Fire
a.

Fire is the process of combustion, in which substances join chemically with


oxygen and emit heat, accompanied by smoke and/or flame. Heat, smoke and
flame are the characteristic properties of fire. In order to detect a fire, one or
more of these properties must be distinguished from the background
environment. In an automatic fire detection system, the fire detectors monitor
the atmospheric environment of the area to be protected, either continuously or
at frequent intervals. Sensors within the detectors respond to the presence of
heat, smoke or flame and generate a signal suitable for measurement.

b.

The three requirements for fire are heat, oxygen and fuel. When these are
present in the correct proportions, fire will result. Fires are classified in
BSEN2 according to the fuels involved (fire classification, Para B4. refers).
However, ignition, (initiation of flaming combustion) occurs only in the gas or
vapour phase. Thermal energy must be supplied to solids and liquids to convert
part of the fuel into vapour. The lowest temperature at which ignition occurs
without the application of a flame is the autoignition temperature of the fuel.

c.

The ease of ignition of solid materials (Class A fires) depends largely on surface
area. In bulk form, fire growth is relatively slow and progressive. In the early
smouldering stages smoke is given off. A smoke detector will detect such a fire
earlier than a heat or flame detector.

d.

Liquids (Class B fires) give off vapours. The lowest temperature at which
enough vapour is given off to ignite momentarily when a flame is applied is
called the Flash Point. A few degrees above the flash point is the Fire Point.
This is the lowest temperature at which liquid in an open container will sustain
burning after ignition. The size of a Class B fire depends on the area of liquid
exposed. A flame detector can respond more quickly to a Class B fire than a
smoke or heat detector, especially in an unconfined space.

e.

The ignition of gases (Class C fires) and vapours is rapid and may be explosive.
Propagation of a flame will occur if the concentration of vapourtoair is
between the lower and upper flammable limits. Cleanburning fires may be
detected by heat or flame detectors. Smoke detectors are unlikely to give early
warning, unless smoke is produced by other combustible materials which may
be present.

f.

Most metals will burn in air (Class D fires) under the correct conditions.
Certain metals, e.g. magnesium, titanium, zinc, calcium etc are termed
combustible, because thin sections and fine particles can be ignited easily. Heat
or smoke detectors will detect Class D fires.

g.

The nature of the likely fuel is an important factor when selecting a fire
detector. Other factors which are to be taken into account are described in the
following paragraphs.

5.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

5.2

Heat Detectors
a.

Heat detectors respond to the temperature of gases in their vicinity. The hottest
gases generally rise by convection to the highest point of a compartment, and
heat detectors are therefore fitted to the deck head. The size of fire to which a
heat detector will respond increases markedly with the height of the mounting.
Heat detectors require the flames to reach about onethird of the way to the
deckhead before operating. Heat detectors could detect a fire that evolves
quickly with very little smoke, e.g. a flammable liquid, more rapidly than smoke
detectors. Heat detectors do not respond to smouldering fires. They are
unsuitable for detecting small fires which could cause unacceptable losses.
They are not suitable for external spaces.

b.

Point heat detectors protect a small area around and below the detector. They
are available in Response Grades 1, 2 and 3 of which Grade 1 is the most
sensitive. They contain a fixed temperature sensor, designed to operate when it
reaches a preselected threshold temperature. They may also be capable of
detecting an abnormal rateofrise of temperature, either by use of a separate
sensor, or (as in analogue sensors) by electrically modifying the output of a
single sensor to produce the desired response.

c.

The sensors used in point type heat detectors are thermistors, bimetals or
thermocouples. A typical modern thermistor detector consumes 70 A in the
quiescent state.

d.

Heat detectors with rateofrise elements are most effective where the ambient
temperature is low, or varies only slowly. Fixed temperature detectors are more
suitable where the ambient temperature is likely to fluctuate rapidly over short
periods. Where the ambient temperature is likely to exceed 43C, as in galleys
and machinery spaces, any heat detectors are to be high temperature versions.
The nominal operating temperature of a heat detector is not to exceed the
expected maximum ambient temperature by more than 30C. Fixed
temperature heat detectors are not suitable for cold stores where the
temperature is abnormally low.

e.

Point heat detectors are to comply with BS EN 54 Part 5 for use below 43C, and
Part 8 for use at high ambient temperatures.

f.

Line heat detectors protect larger areas by responding to heated gases along any
part of the detector line, which need not be straight. The response of an
integrating line detector at any one point is modified by the temperature of the
remainder of the line. In nonintegrating detectors response is at one point only.

g.

Fire alarm cable consists of two metal cores held apart by a heat sensitive
covering and sheathed for mechanical protection. When the temperature rises
to the melting point of the covering, at any part of the cable, the cores make
electrical contact and signal an alarm. Machinery and cable ducts can be
protected by monitoring the resistance of a special type of cable, using a bridge
circuit. High temperatures unbalance the bridge and raise an alarm.

h.

A fibreoptic distributed temperature sensing system is commercially available


for line heat detection in power cables, for machinery monitoring and fire
detection. The temperature profile of a 2 km cable loop may be determined to a
claimed accuracy of 1C in a time of 12 seconds, and a hot spot may be located
within a few metres. The system employs the technique of time domain
reflectometry.

5.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

5.3

Smoke Detectors
a.

Smoke detectors respond to particles of smoke. These are solid and/or liquid
and range in size from 1 nm to 10 m. The smallest particles, produced by
rapidly burning flaming fires, are invisible to the naked eye. Cleanburning
liquids, e.g. alcohol, do not produce smoke particles, but other combustible
materials are likely to be present at such fires. Smoke detectors are not suitable
for external spaces, or for spaces where smoke, dust or fumes are normally
present. In general, smoke detectors respond more rapidly than heat detectors,
but are more liable to give false fire signals.

b.

There are two types of smoke detector, point type ionization chamber smoke
detectors and point type optical (photoelectric) smoke detectors. Both point
type ionization smoke detectors and optical point type detectors using scattered
and/or transmitted light are to conform to BS EN 54 Part 7.

c.

Point type ionization smoke detectors are particularly sensitive to small


particles, but relatively insensitive to large particles, such as coalesced tobacco
smoke, or smoke from overheated PVC or smouldering polyurethane foam.
False or spurious fire alarms may be caused by diesel exhaust, self cleaning
ovens, high humidity and high air speeds.

d.

The ionization chamber is the sensing element in this type of smoke detector.
The air in the chamber is made conductive, or ionized, by bombardment with
alpha particles emitted from a minute radioactive source. The chamber
contains two electrodes across which a voltage is applied, and a very small
current flows as the +ve and -ve ions travel to the electrode of opposite
polarity. When smoke particles enter the chamber they attach themselves to
the ions, cause a reduction in mobility and reduce the current flow. The
reduction in current is a measure of the number and size of smoke particles
present. Modern detectors contain two chambers, one open to the smoke, the
other a semisealed reference chamber. The imbalance between the chambers is
amplified and causes a large change in signal current, typically from 25 A to
55mA.

e.

Pointtype optical smoke detectors respond to the scattering of light, caused by


particles of smoke. Typically they are sensitive to particles 0.5 m to 10 m
minimum size such as are emitted from a smouldering fire or by burning
plastics, as in overheated wiring. False fire signals may be caused by coalesced
particles of tobacco smoke. Optical detectors are designed to reduce false
signals caused by variations in ambient light, by the intrusion of minute insects
and by dust contamination.

f.

The light source for an optical smoke detector is usually an infra-red Light
Emitting Diode (LED) which is pulsed at intervals of typically 2 seconds to
10 seconds. Smoke entering the chamber containing the LED, causes the light
to be scattered on to a photocell or photodiode. The output of the latter is
compared with a preset value representing the `no smoke' condition. When a
succession of consecutive pulses confirms the presence of smoke, a fire signal is
given. In some designs, the pulse rate can be accelerated at the first indication
of smoke, to avoid delay. Typically the fire signal is given when the obscuration
reaches about 3% per metre.

5.3

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

5.4

g.

Optical smoke detection systems are used on merchant ships to protect a


number of spaces, by sampling air extracted from each space and passed to a
central smoke detector cabinet. A typical system can sample air from up to 18
input ports, via a 20 mm bore pipework. The source of each sample can be
visually identified. Such systems conform to Schedule 12 of Statutory
Instrument 1984 No 1218 which requires them to give a fire signal before the
smoke density in the chamber exceeds 6.65% obscuration. Sample extraction
smoke detectors are not to be used in ships for RN and RFA service. Clause 3.5c
refers.

h.

Optical beam smoke detectors are used to protect large areas. A pulsed light
source is focussed to produce a beam which is detected by a photocell.

i.

Development of the photoelectric optical point type smoke detector has


resulted in this type of detector being considered as providing an acceptable
compromise between sensitivity and resistance to spurious activity. They are
recommended for general purpose fire detection. These detectors do not pick up
the `invisible' smoke produced by rapidly burning fires such as flash fires
caused by vaporised fuels igniting, therefore, within machinery spaces a
selection of ionization and optical detectors are to be fitted to give the optimum
level of protection.

j.

Photoelectric optical point type smoke detectors may be fitted to a probe unit
to detect smoke in the ducts of air conditioning and ventilation systems. The
sampling tube of the probe unit has one end sealed and a row of equally spaced
holes along its length. This tube, with its holes facing into the air stream,
introduces air together with any combustion products into the expansion
chamber. Inside the expansion chamber the air is slowed down as it passes the
detector head. This enables effective sampling to take place. The detector
protects the ducting and spaces upstream from the detector. Clean air supplied
through the duct, close to the sample point, will reduce the intensity of smoke
reaching the detector. Protection is lost as the air supply is interrupted or
reversed. Malfunction may occur in turbulent flow, high speed flow, or variable
air speeds. False fire signals may be given if the duct is used for smoke
clearance.

Flame Detectors
a.

Flame detectors respond practically instantaneously to the radiation emitted


by flame, and are mounted to protect the area within a direct line of sight. The
viewing field is 70 to 120 inclusive angle. It may be extended using an array of
detectors, or by a rotating mirror to scan a full 360 in azimuth. The sensor of a
flame detector is a photocell sensitive to the wavelength of radiated energy.

b.

Flame detectors cannot detect smouldering fires and are not suitable for
general purpose applications. They are used to supplement smoke or heat
detectors. For speedy detection, a clear line of sight to the protected area is
necessary. A flame detector will respond to flames reflected from parts of a
structure, but a significantly bigger fire will then be needed before a fire signal
is given. Flame detectors can respond to a flaming fire, such as a Class B liquid
fire (e.g. gasoline) more rapidly than smoke or heat detectors. They need not be
mounted at the deckhead where smoke and hot air accumulate. They are
suitable for use in tall vertical spaces, machinery spaces, in outdoor spaces, and
where a flaming fire may spread quickly such as at pumps, valves and pipework.

5.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
c.

Infrared flame detectors respond to a combination of the infrared radiant


energy and the flame flicker characteristic of most types of flame. Detectors are
designed to respond to radiation flicker frequency, and to specific wavelengths,
in order to discriminate fires from other sources such as sunlight. False fire
signals may be caused by poorly adjusted gas/oxygen flames. An integrating
circuit is provided so that no fire signal is given if radiation does not persist.
Scanning detectors may be programmed to pause for a few seconds when a
possible fire signal is detected. False signals may also be caused by reflection
from shimmering puddles, by a hot incandescent body within range, or by the
interruptions of a steady source by blades of a fan. The detector may not sense a
high pressure gas fire which does not flicker. Its performance will be degraded if
the viewing aperture is obscured in any way.

d.

Ultraviolet flame detectors respond to ultraviolet radiation, normally in the


wavelengths from 200 nm to 270 nm. They are not actuated by sunlight because
solar radiation in this range is normally absorbed by the high altitude ozone
layer. False fire signals may be caused by ultraviolet lamps, by cutting and
welding operations, or by lightning. Ordinary window glass, and certain
absorbent gases, will screen ultra violet radiation. Ultraviolet flame detectors
can detect electric sparks, static discharge and corona discharge.

e.

The level of radiation received by a flame detector is inversely proportional to


the square of the distance from the flame. Consequently, a larger fire is needed
to trigger a response at a greater distance. A typical infrared flame detector,
with a field of view of 100solid angle, will respond to a 0.1 m2 flaming fire
within a cone 12 m high, 13 m base radius. At 24 m height, 26 m base radius, the
fire has to reach 0.4 m2 before response.

f.

Infrared radiation penetrates smoke well, but ultraviolet radiation may be


rapidly absorbed by smoke and by some hazardous vapours. If the outbreak of
flame is likely to be preceded by smouldering, an infrared detector will give the
quicker response. Dualspectrum detectors combine ultraviolet and infrared
sensors, arranged to resemble binoculars. Their control logic is designed to
respond to different types of flame and to reduce the incidence of false fire
signals. A typical dualspectrum detector may respond in about 1 second to fire
in a 30 cm square pan as follows:

g.

5.5

(1)

Diesel fuel, at a range of 9 m;

(2)

Gasoline, at a range of 13.7 m.

There is no British Standard for flame detectors as part of a fire detection


system. Flame detectors are only to be used when backed up by smoke or heat
detectors. Manufacturers' advice is to be sought before selecting infrared,
ultraviolet or combination flame detectors for a given location.

Performance of Heat Detectors


a.

Manufacturers of point heat detectors claiming conformance to BS EN 54 Parts


5 and 8 are required to satisfy themselves that any such detector is capable of
passing all the tests and of meeting all the requirements of the relevant Part.
Reference is to be made to the appropriate Part of BS EN 54 to ascertain:
(1)

The methods by which the time of response is measured and the


acceptance limits for the various types and grades of detector;

(2)

The nature and severity of the environmental tests which detectors


conforming to BS EN 54 are required to withstand.

5.5

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
b.

The environmental tests of BS EN 54 Parts 5 and 8 are to be compared with the


requirements of NES 1004 relevant to the system STR.

c.

Point heat detectors conforming to BS EN 54 Part 5 are marked to show their


response grade, usually by colour coding as follows:
Response grade 1: green (most sensitive);
Response grade 2: yellow;
Response grade 3: red (least sensitive).

d.

Point heat detectors conforming to BS EN 54 Part 8 are marked to show the


maximum ambient temperature for which they are suitable. There are four
ranges as follows:
Normal ambient temperature

Temperature range

up to 70C

up to 90C

up to 110C

up to 140C

Table 5.1 Heat Detector Temperature Ranges


5.6

Performance of Smoke Detectors


a.

Manufacturers of point type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted


light, or ionization and claiming conformance to BS EN 54 Part 7, are required
to satisfy themselves that any such detector is capable of passing all the tests
and meeting all the requirements of that Part. Reference is to be made to
BSEN54 Parts 7 and 9 to ascertain:
(1)

The methods by which the response threshold values are measured and
the acceptance limits for the various types of detectors;

(2)

The methods by which Fire Sensitivity Tests are conducted and the
limiting values of the alarm points for classification as Class A, B or C;

(3)

The nature and severity of the environmental tests which detectors


conforming to BS EN 54 are required to withstand.

b.

The environmental tests of BS EN 54 Part 7 are to be compared with the


requirements of NES 1004 relevant to the system STR.

c.

Smoke detectors conforming to BS EN 54 Part 7 are required to detect test fires


and to be classifiable under Class A, B or C as suitable for detecting particular
types of fire. The BS does not require the detectors to be marked with a Class
letter. BS EN 54 Part 9 contains details of the test fires and procedure for
classification.

5.6

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
d.

5.7

5.8

The fire sensitivity of point type smoke detectors, (irrespective of operating


principle) which are intended for the protection of life in compartments where
people sleep, is tested by a similar, but not identical, procedure. For slow and
fast burning wood fires, a response not later than 10 seconds after the smoke
density has reached 0.5 dB/m is required. For liquid hydrocarbon, and
polyurethane foam fires, the response is to be not later than 10 seconds after a
density of 0.8 dB/m. BS 5446 Part 1 provides further information.

Performance of Flame Detectors


a.

Reference is to be made to manufacturers' literature to ascertain the fire


sensitivity of flame detectors, and to compare claimed performance under
environmental stress with the requirements of NES 1004.

b.

Flame detectors are available which have been type approved by Class Societies
such as Lloyd's Register. They are capable of withstanding operating
temperatures ranging from -20C to +70C (in addition to the other
requirements of the Type Approval Scheme) at up to 95% Relative Humidity
(RH). For use on open decks, enclosures providing protection to at least Ingress
Protection (IP) 56 are required. BSEN60529 specifies the degrees of
protection provided by enclosures. Open deck flame detectors are also required
to withstand the Lloyd's Register Salt Mist Test.

Selection of Detectors
a.

Detectors from different manufacturers are not necessarily mechanically or


electrically interchangeable, even though they comply with British Standards.
Therefore, whenever possible, the use of detectors from more than one
manufacturer is to be avoided in fire detection systems for RN and RFA ships
and submarines.

b.

Fire detectors are to be selected which will respond rapidly to the type of fires
which are anticipated in the spaces to be protected, without giving rise to
frequent false fire signals. The size, shape and environment of the space is to be
taken into account. For general purpose fire detection, the photoelectric
smoke detector is recommended, because it represents an acceptable
compromise between sensitivity and spurious activity.

c.

When ionization chamber smoke detectors are specified, reference is to be made


to JSP 392. It is the responsibility of the Design Sponsor to ensure that
approval has been obtained for the installation of fire detection systems that
include any source of ionizing radiation, in accordance with the procedures of
JSP 392. The level of radioactivity of the source contained in any fire detector is
not to exceed 33 kBq (equivalent to 0.89 Ci).

d.

All ionization chamber smoke detectors are to be marked with a radiation


trefoil, or the word `Radioactive' and details of the radionuclide and the activity
that they contain. The trefoil symbol is to be in accordance with JSP 392.

e.

Ionization chamber smoke detectors are to incorporate shields and means for
preventing access to the ionizing source in accordance with Section 5. of the
Approved Code of Practice, issued by the Health and Safety Commission and
included in JSP 392.

f.

All detectors are to withstand the environmental stresses to which they will be
subject in their respective locations.

5.7

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
g.

5.9

5.10

The operating voltage, quiescent current, alarm current, modulating voltage


and all other electrical parameters of all detectors are to be compatible with the
fire detection system into which they are installed. Clause 4.2f refers.

Explosive and High Fire Risk Areas


a.

Fire detectors and their mounting bases installed in Explosive Risk Areas, and
in High Fire Risk Areas that are designated as Dangerous Areas, (as in
Clause3.3a and Annex E), are to be certified as intrinsically safe in accordance
with an appropriate standard e.g. BS 5501 Part 7. They are to be installed in
accordance with BS 5345 Part 4, category to suit the (hazardous area) zone of
use.

b.

The cabling, installation, and fittings for fire detectors installed in areas
covered by Clause 5.9a are to be in accordance with BR 1754 Part 2, subject to
compliance with the recommendations of BS 5345 Part 4. Any necessary safety
barriers for power supply are also to be certified and approved.

c.

The Certifying Authority for Britishmade electrical equipment for use in


Explosive and High Fire Risk Areas that are designated as Dangerous Areas, is
the Electrical Equipment Certifying Service (EECS), part of the Health and
Safety Executive. There are equivalent overseas authorities for nonBritish
equipment.

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments)


a.

All detectors are to be such that normal surveillance can be restored after
testing without renewal of any component.

b.

Smoke detectors in accommodation stairways, corridors and escape routes are


to be certified to operate before the smoke density exceeds 12.5% obscuration
per metre, but not to operate until the smoke density exceeds 2% obscuration
per metre. Sensitivity limits elsewhere are to avoid oversensitivity and
insensitivity.

c.

The sensing unit of sample extraction smoke detection systems is to be certified


to operate before the smoke density in the sensing chamber exceeds 6.65%
obscuration per metre.

d.

Heat detectors are to be certified to operate before the temperature exceeds


78C, but not until it exceeds 54C, when it is raised at a rate of less than
1C/minute.

e.

Heat detectors in drying rooms, and similar spaces where the ambient
temperature is normally high, are permitted an operating temperature 30C
above the maximum deckhead temperature.

f.

Manual call points will not normally be fitted. Where the STR defines them
they are to comply with the Regulations.

g.

In machinery spaces, systems using only thermal detectors are not permitted
except where height is restricted, or where thermal systems are specially
appropriate.

h.

Fire detection and alarm systems are to be of an approved type. Fire detector
heads are to be Type Approved in accordance with Lloyd's Register Type
Approval Schemes.

i.

When fire detectors are provided with means to adjust their sensitivity, the
arrangements are to be such that the set point can be fixed, readily identified,
and recorded.

5.8

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

6.

MOUNTING OF DETECTORS
Related Documents: BS 5839; BS 6266; BS EN 54 Part 7 and 8; DEF STAN 5941;
NES 1004; see also Annex A.

6.1

Mounting Base

6.2

a.

A mounting base is to be fitted at each position selected for a fire detector. The
base is to allow for rapid insertion and removal of the detector. Section circuit
continuity is to be maintained in the absence of the detector.

b.

Bases are to accept detectors of all the types, grades and sensitivities used in the
fire detection system of which they are a part. Means to prevent insertion of the
wrong type of detector into a mounting base are to be incorporated. Bases for
use in areas covered by Clause 5.9a are to be certified as intrinsically safe.

c.

Each base is to have a space for permanently marking the address of its detector,
see Clause 4.3.

d.

For addressable systems the means to define the address of a detector position
shall be incorporated within the fixed base at each detector and not within any
part that may be removed for routine maintenance.

Position of Detectors
a.

Detectors are to be positioned for optimum speed of detection whilst


minimizing the possibilities for false fire signals. The sensitivity of the detector,
and the orientation appropriate to each position, are to be considered.

b.

Smoke and heat detectors, which sense the products of combustion are to be
positioned so that these products reach them quickly. The optimum position
will normally be at the deckhead, taking account also of the movement of air
and of the ventilation systems. Where practicable, a spacing of not less than 1 m
between a detector and an air inlet should be maintained. An exploratory
smoke test can aid the identification of optimum locations. The use of air
deflectors and shields is to be considered in constricted locations.

c.

BS 5839 Part 1 Table 1 and BS 6266 include recommendations for the


positioning of fire detectors in buildings and in electronic data processing
installations, some of which are relevant to marine fire protection systems. The
deckhead height for pointtype smoke and heat detectors is not to exceed the
limits of Table 6.1. If the delay before fire fighting starts is no more than five
minutes, increases of about 50% in deckhead height are permitted in the
Standard.
Detector Type

Deckhead height m

Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3

9.0
7.5
6.0

High temperature heat detectors (BS EN 54 Part 8)

6.0

Point smoke detectors

10.5

Heat detectors

Table 6.1 Recommended Limits for Deckhead Heights


6.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
Heat sensitive line detectors are to be mounted as close as possible to the place
where fire or overheating might occur, either above the risk or in thermal
contact with it. In open areas, under flat horizontal deckheads, the horizontal
distance from any point in the area to its nearest detector is not to exceed 5.3 m
for heat detectors, or 7.5 m for smoke detectors. The vertical distance between
sensor and deckhead is to be 25 mm to 150 mm for heat detectors, and 25 mm to
600 mm for smoke detectors.

6.3

d.

Flame detectors are to be positioned so that there is a direct line of sight


between detector (or reflector if of the scanning type) and all points in the
protected area. Detection is not to depend on reflection from a part of the
vessel's structure. The need for screening from solar or other radiation which
may be normally present, is to be considered, and positions where reflections
could cause false fire signals are to be avoided.

e.

Detectors are to be positioned so that there is ready access for testing and for
replacement.

Spacing
a.

At least one detector is to be installed in every protected compartment. In any


protected compartment, the maximum floor area per detector fitted is to be not
more than 74 m2 for smoke detectors, or 37 m2 for heat detectors. Preference is
to be given to a symmetrical distribution of detectors.

b.

For general purposes, detector spacing in accordance with the statutory


regulations (Clause 4.7d , Table 4.2 refers) is an adequate basis for protection.
The spacing in Explosive Risk and other High Fire Risk areas shall be as
specified in Clause 4.4, Table 4.1.

c.

In Electronic and Operational Spaces of High Value, close spacing of detectors


may be necessary to enable early detection of small fires (which may cause
substantial damage and disruption) without unduly increasing the risk of false
fire signals. The air conditioning of such spaces will rapidly dilute the
combustion products from a fire, and the use of high sensitivity detectors is to
be considered. The recommendations of Table 6.2 have been abstracted from
BS 6266, for guidance. BS 6266 gives further guidance.
Application

Area covered per detector

EDP equipment room,


(deckhead height about 3 m)

15 m2 to 25 m2

Tape stores

10 m2 to 30 m2

Electrical distribution boards


and emergency power supplies

10 m2 to 30 m2

Table 6.2 Recommended Coverage per Detector for EDP Installations


The smaller areas are recommended where the fire hazard is very high, or where
there is a high rate of ventilation e.g. four changes per hour or more.
d.

Where practicable, smoke detectors and probes located in ventilation trunking


are to be installed in a straight stretch, at a distance downstream from the
nearest bend, corner or junction of at least three times the width of the ducting.
Where the air from several extract points is combined into one duct, the
installation of a detector adjacent to each abstract point is to be considered, to
avoid delay in response due to dilution or stratification of smoke.

6.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
e.

6.4

For electronic spaces fitted with false floors and deckheads (which may also be
used for ventilation purposes), reference is to be made to BS 6266 for further
guidance. Where there is a high fire hazard, the installation of detectors within
floor and deckhead spaces, is to be considered.

Environment
a.

Detectors are to be positioned and mounted so that they continue to operate


correctly when subjected to the environmental hazards appropriate to the
installation region in which they are installed in the HM Surface Ship or
Submarine, as defined in NES 1004. The fire detection system is to meet the
requirements of DEF STAN 5941 for electromagnetic compatibility.

b.

Detectors are to be positioned to avoid damage due to accidental impact. If this


is not possible the use of a protective guard is to be considered.

c.

Fire detectors are essential items that are required to remain operational after
experiencing shock to the maximum ship shock level. Preference is to be given
to detectors and mountings that are sufficiently robust to be attached directly
to the ship or submarine structure. It is the responsibility of the Design
Sponsor to agree the requirements for shock testing and the test severity, in
accordance with NES 1004.

d.

If direct attachment is impractical or uneconomic, detectors are to be protected


by a shock mounting system of an approved type.

e.

Detectors are to be positioned and mounted to minimize the occurrence of false


fire signals due to environmental effects. Known causes of false fire signals
include:
(1)

Vibration, especially if in excess of the test levels of BS EN 54, Parts 7


and 8;

(2)

Ingress of foreign bodies, including small insects, dust and dirt;

(3)

Air currents, high winds (especially ionization chamber detectors);

(4)

High humidity, steam, condensation, icing;

(5)

Corrosion of connections or other metal parts;

(6)

Heat, smoke, flame, fumes from normal operations;

(7)

Bright lights, photoflash, lightning discharge, reflections;

(8)

Rapid increase in temperature following exposure to low temperatures;

(9)

Flame detectors, if positioned so that they are pointing directly


downward, may be falsely activated by reflections from wet deck plates,
this type of detector should be angled to give the best cone of vision over
the equipment considered to be a potential source of high fire risk (Diesel
engines).

(10) Ionization smoke detectors manufactured by Thorn Security Limited


MF301NSN K4973133953 have been found to be susceptible to false
activation caused by own ship HF transmissions or the radars of passing
vessels.

6.3

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
Reference is to be made to BS EN 54, to ascertain the levels of environmental
stress which detectors, complying with that standard, may be expected to
withstand without delivering a false fire signal.

6.5

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments)


a.

Reference is to be made to Table 4.1, and other Paras of Section 4., for the
regulation maximum spacing and location of detectors.

b.

The Regulations require detectors to be located for optimum performance,


avoiding positions near beams and ventilation ducts where airflow could
adversely affect performance. Positions where impact or physical damage is
likely, are to be avoided. In general, detectors which are located overhead are to
be at least 0.5 m away from bulkheads.

c.

In periodically unattended machinery spaces, the detectors must rapidly detect


the onset of fire under any normal condition of operation of the machinery, with
variations in temperature as required by the possible range of ambient
temperatures. After installation, the system is to be tested under varying
conditions.

6.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

7.

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS


Related Documents: BR 862; BS 5839 Part 4; NES 501; NES 620; NES 626; see also
Annex A.

7.1

Requirements

7.2

a.

The controls and indicators of autonomous fire detection systems are to meet
the requirements of this NES. Where a policy of integrated damage control and
surveillance has been established, those controls and indicators relevant to fire
detection are to meet the requirements of this NES.

b.

At least one control station is to be provided, at which the state of all


components in the fire detection system of the vessel is to be visually indicated.
All the components are to be controlled from that station. The control station
will normally be located at the DCMP. This does not preclude provision of a
secondary control station, for use in the event of loss of the DCMP, and located
as may be required by the ship STR. Clause 2.2a refers.

c.

Lighting and sound levels in the vicinity of the control stations should be such
that all visual alarms can be clearly seen, and all audible signals heard. Control
point stations should be in areas of low noise.

Response to Alarms
a.

The transition of the decision element of the autonomous fire detection system
from the nonfire to the fire state, is to present a visual indication at the DCMP
showing the location of symptoms of fire. At the same time a local sounder is to
alert the DCMP to this indication.

b.

The response of a fire detection system with no manual call points can only
occur after the fire has developed symptoms powerful enough to reach and
trigger one or more detectors, and after the control station has received and
accepted the signal as a true fire state. The visual and audible response is to
occur at the DCMP within 10 seconds from the time when transition of the
decision element is triggered (and therefore somewhat longer from the onset of
fire).

c.

The responses specified in Clauses 7.2a , 7.2b and 7.2f are not to be inhibited by
the simultaneous operation, or operation in quick succession, of two or more
detectors. Such operation is to cause an alarm of fire, not a fault indication.

d.

The occurrence of any one of the faults listed in Clause 7.5a is to present a
visual indication at the DCMP showing its nature and location. At the same
time a local sounder is to alert the DCMP to this indication. The visual and
audible responses are to take place within 100 seconds of the occurrence of the
fault.

e.

The responses specified in Clause 7.2d are not to be inhibited by the occurrence
or warning of any fault.

f.

Remote sounders are to be provided in accordance with Clause 8.1h and are to
repeat the alarms raised at the DCMP.

7.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

7.3

Manual Controls
a.

7.4

(1)

Activation of the system, and reactivation following any interruptions,


including outbreak of fire;

(2)

Disablement of sections or other parts of the system;

(3)

Testing the system;

(4)

Silence DCMP sounders.

b.

All controls are to be positioned and labelled to prevent accidental misuse.


Their physical arrangement is to be such that access can be restricted to
authorized personnel.

c.

Operation of controls for system tests is not to inhibit the automatic operation
of the fire detection system.

d.

Disablement of any part of the system is to be indicated visually and audibly at


the DCMP. The fault warning sounder may be used for this purpose.

e.

Disablement of any section of detectors is not to disable the operation of


sounders or the monitoring of sounder circuit wiring.

Event Logging
a.

7.5

Manually operated switches to permit the following actions are to be provided


at the control station:

The option to make provision for automatic logging of events is to be


considered, especially for high risk areas.

Malfunctions
a.

Automatic fire detection systems are to include means for automatically and
continuously monitoring the system so as to detect the occurrence of any of the
following:
(1)

Shortcircuit or disconnection from any normal power supply associated


with the giving of an alarm of fire, or other total loss of power from such a
normal power supply;

(2)

Shortcircuit or disconnection of any standby power supply (other than


the backup energy source store for a volatile memory) associated with the
giving of an alarm of fire;

(3)

Shortcircuit or disconnection of any battery charging equipment


associated with the giving of an alarm of fire;

(4)

Shortcircuit or disconnection of the leads to one or more detectors and/or


call points if the fault would disable one or more detectors and/or call
points;

(5)

Removal of any detector or call point of the plugin type or disconnection


from its transmitter or power supply;

(6)

Shortcircuit or disconnection of any leads to fire alarm devices


(sounders) external to the control and indicating equipment;

7.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
(7)

Cessation of any scanning or interrogating process within the control


equipment;

(8)

Rupture of any fuse or operation of any protective device whether in


primary or auxiliary circuits, such as to prevent a fire alarm being given as
required by Clause 7.2a ;

(9)

Failure of a processor to correctly execute its software as specified in


BS5839 Part 4;

(10) Detection of any error in the memory checking procedures specified in


BS5839 Part 4.

7.6

7.7

b.

Software controlled equipment is to meet the software functional requirements


of BS 5839 Part 4. A requirement for rigorous configuration control, in
accordance with NES 501, is to be included in the STR and reference is also to be
made to NES 620.

c.

As a minimum, control and indicating equipment is to meet the Construction


and Electrical requirements of BS 5839 Part 4, Sections 4 and 5 respectively.

Indicators
a.

Alarm and warning indicators are to comply with the policy requirements of
NES 626, and Visual Indicators are to be in accordance with Section 8.3 of this
NES.

b.

The visual indications of fire symptoms, and of malfunctions, are to persist


until the system is manually reactivated, even if the detector or section involved
is destroyed.

Location of Controls and Indicators


a.

Reference is to be made to the Ship STR when determining the location of the
control station, and of any remote indicators.

b.

The primary control station, with indication of the state of the system, and all
the manual controls, is to be located at the DCMP. If no command or monitoring
position has been designated, the primary control station is to be in the SCC if
installed, otherwise on the navigating bridge.

c.

The STR is to identify the number and location of any secondary indicators that
are required. As a minimum, indicators are to be provided at the Officer of the
Watch (OOW) and Quarter Master (QM) harbour positions.

d.

Smoke/fire detectors installed in magazines and adjacent compartments are to


operate audible and visual alarms of fire in accordance with BR 862 as follows:
(1)

In the SCC or other locations appropriate to the ship's protection


organization;

(2)

In Minor War Vessels and RFAs there is also to be an alarm on the weather
deck;

(3)

In ships where the designated compartment e.g. SCC/NBCD HQ is not


continually manned, additional alarms are to be fitted in a position
adjacent to the OOW at sea, and adjacent to the gangway staff in harbour.

7.3

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

7.8

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments)


a.

The control panel is to be located on the navigating bridge, or in the main fire
control station. One indicating unit is to be accessible to responsible members
of the crew at all times, when at sea or in port except when the ship is out of
service. If the control panel is in the main fire control station, there is to be an
indicating unit on the navigating bridge. The indications should be such that
they are easily, quickly and unambiguously related to the position in the ship
from which the alarm originated.

b.

In periodically unattended machinery spaces, audible and visual alarms of fire


are to be initiated in sufficient spaces to ensure they are heard and observed on
the navigating bridge and by a responsible engineer officer. When the bridge is
unmanned, the alarm is to sound where a responsible member of the crew is on
duty. The alarm is to be audibly and visibly distinct from the alarm of any other
system not indicating fire.

c.

If the fire signals have not received attention after two minutes, an alarm
sounder is to be sounded throughout the crew accommodation and service
spaces, control stations and machinery spaces of Category A.

d.

Fire detection systems may be combined with extinguishing systems, and with
other ancillary equipment.

7.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

8.

ALARMS
Related Documents: BS 5839 Parts 1 and 4; BS EN 60651; NES 501; NES 626; see also
Annex A.

8.1

Fire Alarm Sounder


a.

An alarm denotes that an emergency situation has arisen for which an


immediate decision or action must be taken. Both audible and visual
indications of an alarm of fire are to be given. The Fire Alarm Sounder gives
audible indication.

b.

For fire alarm sounders, the preferred signal is a continuous bell. The
minimum sound level, at the position where it is to be heard most remote from
the sounder, is to be not less than 65 dB(A) relative to 2  10-5 N/m 2 in free field
conditions. The sound level of fault warning sounders is to be not less than
50dB(A) at every point less than 1 m from the control equipment enclosure. In
the presence of a continuous noise, these minimum sound levels are to be at
least 5 dB(A) above any other noise likely to persist more than 30 s.

c.

The attenuation of sound signals is at the approximate rate of 6 dB as the


distance from the source doubles. Table 8.1 provides examples up to 24 m.
Where there is a likelihood of high winds, and where there are solid objects in
the noise path, attenuation of 10 dB is to be allowed for in addition to the above.
Sound level

dB

100

94

88

82

Distance from source

12

24

Table 8.1 Sound Attenuation up to 24 m


d.

Reference is to be made to BS 5839 Part 1 for further information on the


audibility of sounders in various conditions, and to BS EN 60651 for
information on sound level meters suitable for use with fire alarm sounders.

e.

Sounders are to comply with NES 626. If the frequency of background noise is
such as to mask signals, the use of a distinctive frequency is to be considered,
(also Clause 8.4).

f.

The frequency selected for sounder signals is not to interfere with the tones of
any telephone system and cause malfunctions or loss of communication, and lie
in the range 500 Hz to 1000 Hz. If a twotone alarm is used, one of the major
frequencies should be in this range.

g.

Sounders for use in Explosive and High Fire Risk areas that are designated
Dangerous Areas are to be certified as intrinsically safe, and are to be installed
in accordance with Clauses 5.9a , 5.9b and 5.9c .

h.

Fire alarm sounders are to be fitted to alert the primary control station at the
DCMP or navigating bridge, and adjacent to each secondary indicator, required
by Clauses 7.7c and 7.7d .

i.

The system control decision element is to be capable of operating all sounders


without delay, as required by Clause 7.2b . The removal of any detector, or
section of detectors, is not to inhibit the sounding of any audible alarm.

8.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
j.

8.2

8.3

8.4

Following operation of the silencing control (Clause 7.3a (4) refers) the sounder
is to restart automatically if another detector from a different section is
activated. When the silencing control is exercised, there should be an audible
alarm signal at the control panel to indicate this with a different sound to the
fire alarm tone.

Fault Warning Sounder


a.

Fault warning sounders are to be fitted, to alert the primary control station and
adjacent to each secondary indicator, required by Clause 7.7c and 7.7d . They
are to operate in accordance with Clause 7.2d .

b.

The fault warning signal is to be clearly distinguishable from the fire warning
signal, and from any other signal audible on the ship or submarine. It is to
sound for a minimum of 0.5 s, at least every 5 s.

Visual Indicators
a.

A visual indication of the state of the fire detection system is to be provided at all
times at the locations specified in Section 7.

b.

The standard indication of fire, throughout the RN and RFA is the combination
of a flashing red light and an audible bell. All automatic fire detection systems
are to provide such an indication, and are to show clearly the location of fire
symptoms.

c.

Control and monitoring visual displays for autonomous fire detection systems
are to comply with NES 501 Section 8. Acceptable displays include:
(1)

Alphanumeric display with diagram showing section coverage;

(2)

Mimic diagram of vessel sections and zones;

(3)

Indicator lights selected from those listed in NES 501.

d.

If no fire or other default exists, diagrams are to show no display. Printers are
not acceptable as the sole indication of location of fire symptoms.

e.

In vessels with integrated damage control and surveillance, a common mimic


diagram may be used for visual indication of the state of the fire detection
system.

f.

Indication of fault is to be by a flashing amber light and a distinctive audible


sounder. The fault so indicated may be a malfunction, or may be caused by
disablement of part or parts of the system.

g.

Indication that the system is energized and is in the normal state is to be a


continuous green light at the control panel. If this light is extinguished, it is to
indicate a total failure of power ie neither main power supply nor standby is
available.

h.

An indication that testing is in progress is to be provided at the control station.


This indication is not to be coloured red, green or amber.

i.

Flashing rates, labelling, duplication, circuits and visibility of indicator lights


are to be in accordance with BS 5839 Part 4.

High Intensity Beacons


a.

High Intensity Beacons are to be provided to supplement audible alarms in


situations where high intensity background noise makes it difficult or
impossible to hear a sounder. BS 5839 Part 1 recommends a flash rate range of
30 to 120 cycles per minute.

8.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

8.5

b.

The location of a Beacon is to be such that there is no possibility of accidental


triggering of a flame detector.

c.

The intensity of a Beacon is to be sufficient to draw attention to its operation,


but not so high as to cause difficulty in vision due to glare, and sufficiently
different from other beacons not used for fire alarm purposes.

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendment)


a.

The purpose of the alarm system is to alert the crew to the presence of an
incipient fire. The alarm of fire is therefore required to be given in more
locations than is required in fighting ships and submarines.

b.

Visual and audible fire signals are required at the control station and at
indicating units. An audible alarm is also required throughout the crew
accommodation and service spaces, control stations and machinery spaces of
Category A.

c.

In ships where the machinery spaces are periodically unattended, audible and
visual alarms of fire symptoms in those spaces are to be initiated as stated in
Clause 7.8b .

d.

Smoke sampling systems are to permit observation of smoke in the sampling


pipe.

e.

In passenger ships, a special alarm is required to summon the crew, operated


from the bridge or control station. It is to be capable of sounding independently
of the alarm to passenger spaces. A public address system or other effective
means of communication is to be available throughout the accommodation and
service spaces and control stations.

8.3

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

8.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

9.

SYSTEM INSTALLATION
Related Documents: BS 4568; BS 5345 Part 4; BS 5839 Part 1; JSP 392; NES 502;
NES 515; NES 523; NES 525; NES 626; NES 726; NES 1004; NES 1027; see also
Annex A.

9.1

Selection of Cables
a.

The conductors for autonomous fire detection systems are not to be used for any
other circuits. Conductors for fire detection purposes may be incorporated in
the circuits for integrated damage control systems.

b.

Cabling to the sounders, controls, indicators and power supply is to remain


capable of operation after the outbreak of fire, at least to the point at which
alarm of fire is annunciated.

c.

Cabling to detectors, and to manual callpoints, if fitted, may be destroyed


during the outbreak of fire. The alarm state is to be maintained by the control
equipment, should such destruction occur.

d.

Limited Fire Hazard (LFH) cables such as low smoke, low flame, are to be used
throughout the installation. Wherever possible, system cables are to be selected
from the thinwall LFH insulated cables listed in NES 525 and NES 626. These
cables are suitable for use with conductor temperatures from -29C to +85C.

e.

Conductor sizes are to be such that voltage drop along a cable does not prevent
correct operation of detectors and other components, when the limits of
minimum supply and maximum load exist simultaneously. Copper conductors
are to be used. The crosssectional areas should not be less than:
Twisted pairs in a common sheath, each conductor;

0.5 mm2

Stranded conductors;

0.5 mm2

Solid single conductors.

0.1 mm2

Table 9.1 Conductor Sizes


When calculating conductor size, the recommendations of fire detection
equipment manufacturer, the nature and rate of data transmission in
addressable systems, and the possible needs for extending the coverage and
increased intensity of detectors, are to be taken into consideration. A new
system should not be loaded to greater than 75% capacity to allow for extending
the coverage of the Fire Detection System.
f.

9.2

The fire detection equipment manufacturer is to be consulted on the need for


using screened cable to ensure that the fire detection installation is protected
against electromagnetic interference and corruption of data by electrical noise.
Sources such as lightning, power transients and portable radio transmitters
and telephones, may be capable of causing malfunctions.

Installation of Cables
a.

LFH cable produces greatly reduced levels of toxic fumes, smoke and corrosive
products when burnt. Because this type of cable is less flexible and less
mechanically robust than conventional ship's cable, special installation
procedures are to be used, as detailed in NES 523. STRs are to draw attention to
this requirement and are to include reference to NES 523.

9.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

9.3

9.4

b.

The installation and routeing of cables is to be in accordance with NES 502.


Cables for fire detection systems are not to be routed through Explosive and
High Fire Risk spaces, machinery spaces and galleys, except for cables to
detectors which protect such spaces.

c.

Cables subject to mutual interference are to be segregated in accordance with


NES 515. Recommendations for the segregation of fire detection system cables
are contained in BS 5839 Part 1. Precautions against electromagnetic
interference are to be in accordance with NES 515 and NES 1027 and the
Interference Precautions Schedule appropriate to the ship or submarine.

d.

There are to be two cables to supply power to the system. One is to be routed to
the main power supply, the other to an alternative emergency supply, in
accordance with NES 502. An automatic changeover switch is to be provided at
the control station.

e.

The cabling and installation of fire detectors and any other system components
that have been certified as intrinsically safe, are to comply with
Clauses5.9a to5.9c above. Cable is to be run in steel conduit and fittings to
BS4568. No other cable is to run in the same conduit. Reference is to be made
to BS 5345 Part 4 for specific requirements concerning cables, earthing and
diode safety barriers. The electrical parameters of the cabling are to comply
with the certification requirements relevant to the components which are to be
installed.

f.

The loop line lengths, data bus lengths, and electrical characteristics of cabling
installations are to be suitable for use with the control station, indicators,
alarms, detectors and power supply of the system.

Siting of System Components


a.

Detectors, sounders, a control station, indicators and power supplies are to be


provided in accordance with this NES. They are to be sited to provide early
detection of the symptoms of fire, and an early alarmoffire signal to the DCMP
and other locations as specified.

b.

The control station is to be sited to allow optimum visibility of indicators and


easily accessible controls. Each sounder is to be sited so that it can be heard
clearly throughout the relevant space, with minimum sound level in accordance
with Clause 8.1b .

c.

Detectors are to be sited so that accidental damage is avoided so far as is


practicable, and so that false fire signals are not caused by foreseeable changes
in ambient conditions.

d.

All components are to be sited to allow ready access for test and maintenance
operations.

e.

If manual call points are included in any automatic fire detection system, they
are to comply with BS 5839 Part 2, and are to be sited in accordance with
Statutory Instrument 1984 No 1218. BS 5839 Part 1 contains additional
recommendations covering response time, position on walls and method of
operation of manual call points. See Clause 1.1 d .

Mounting of Components
a.

All components are to be mounted so that they withstand the shock, vibration
and other environmental stresses to which they will be subjected. Reference is
to be made to NES 1004 to determine the Environmental Hazards appropriate
to the Region in which the components are to be mounted.

9.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

9.5

b.

Detectors are to be mounted in accordance with Section 6.

c.

Wherever possible, interchangeable components which plug into permanently


fixed mounting bases are to be selected, provided that:
Insertion of the wrong type of component into a mounting base is
physically prevented;

(2)

Tamperproof detectors are fitted in locations where malicious damage is


considered to be likely;

(3)

Detectors remain secure when vibrated, or under shock loading.

Intrinsically Safe Circuits


a.

The special requirements for installing intrinsically safe components and


circuits, set out in Sections 3., 5., and 8. and in Clause 9.2e are to be met in all
fighting ships and submarines, and in ships built to commercial standards.

b.

Diode safety barriers limit the power and energy which it is possible to transmit
to equipment associated with intrinsically safe systems. STRs are to state that
only barrier devices which have been listed in the certifying documentation are
to be installed in intrinsically safe circuits for detectors, sounders, or other
components.

c.

Only equipment listed in the relevant certifying documentation is to be


connected to the `hazardous area' terminals of a diode safety barrier.

d.

Intrinsically safe circuits are to be used in:

e.

9.6

(1)

(1)

Explosive Risk compartments and spaces as defined in Section 3.;

(2)

High Fire Risk Dangerous Area compartments and spaces as defined in


Section 3.;

(3)

Any other spaces as required in the ship STR.

For further information on the installation of intrinsically safe fire detection


systems, reference is to be made to BS 5345 Part 4.

Precautions
a.

Detectors are not to be installed in their mountings until after the ship has
passed the Clean Ship Date, and the compartment has reached Clean
Compartment Grade II, in accordance with NES 726. Detectors and their
mountings are not to be painted. If painting is carried out in any compartment
or space, detectors are to be suitably protected.

b.

The marking, handling, storage and accounting, disposal and transport of


ionization chamber smoke detectors are all to comply with JSP 392.

c.

Broken or damaged ionization chamber smoke detectors are to be disposed of in


accordance with JSP 392, and the loss of any smoke detectors is to be reported.

d.

Joints in cables are not permitted in new installations. When existing systems
are to be extended, the conductors are to be terminated in a suitable and
dedicated junction box, accessibly located and clearly labelled `FIRE ALARM'.

e.

At the main isolating switch which serves other systems, a warning notice is to
be clearly displayed .

9.3

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM


REMAINS LIVE WHEN THIS
SWITCH IS TURNED OFF

f.

9.7

All circuits of autonomous fire detection systems are to be automatically


monitored. An early warning of any fault is to be given, in accordance with
Clauses 2.3b , 2.3c and 7.2d .

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments)


a.

Cable routes are to avoid enclosed spaces of high fire risk, except where
detectors or alarms are to be provided in such spaces, or where it is necessary to
connect to the power supply.

b.

Smoke accumulators from more than one enclosed space are not to be
connected to the same sampling point. Sampling pipes are to be self draining
and protected from impact or damage.

c.

Smoke sampling pipes are to be at least 12 mm internal diameter. Airflow


through the pipes is to be monitored. Equal quantities of air are to be extracted
from each interconnected accumulator. The pipes are to be periodically purged
with compressed air.

d.

The Approving Authority may require or permit variation in the siting and
spacing of detectors shown in Table 4.2.

9.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

10.

POWER SUPPLIES
Related Documents: DEF STAN 61-5 Part 4; NES 501; see also Annex A.

10.1

Fighting Ships and Submarines

10.2

a.

Autonomous Fire Detection Systems, and Fire Detection Systems incorporated


in an integrated damage control and surveillance system, are to be supplied
with electric power and capable of immediate operation at all times.

b.

Each Fire Detection System is to incorporate an automatic changeover switch


to allow reconnection to an alternative source following failure, or deviation
beyond specified tolerance limits, of the normal supply. Protection is to be
maintained during and after changeover. Transition between supplies is not to
cause interruptions or false fire signals.

c.

The normal power supply to the changeover switch is to be taken from the main
ac distribution board. The Fire Detection System is to be designed to operate
satisfactorily from a power supply in accordance with NES 501. The nominal
voltage, frequency, phasing and earthing arrangements are to be selected from
NES 501, and stated in the STR.

d.

On failure or deviation of the main power supply, the changeover switch is to


operate so as to connect the Fire Detection System to an alternative source of
power. The extent of deviation in voltage and/or frequency which is to cause
operation of the changeover switch is to be stated in the STR.

e.

The alternative source is to be identified, and its electrical parameters


enumerated, in the STR. If no alternative source is available on the ship or
submarine, an automatically charged battery is to be incorporated in the Fire
Detection System. In this case, the type of battery, and duration of standby
period required, are to be stated in the STR.

f.

For further information on the quality of the electrical power supply from a
ship's distribution system, reference is to be made to DEF STAN 615 Part 4.

g.

Fuses are to be provided to protect both the normal, and the alternative power
supplies. There are to be no switches between the fuses and the Fire Detection
System.

h.

The Fire Detection System is to incorporate any power conditioning or surge


protection circuitry, which is necessary for correct operation and without false
alarms of fire, in both positions of the changeover switch.

i.

The power supply system is to be continuously and automatically monitored.


Visual and audible alarms are to be initiated at the control station immediately
there is any loss of power, fault in the electrical supply system, or operation of
the changeover switch.

Commercial Standard Ships


a.

The emergency source of power may be an enginedriven generator capable of


automatic startup to full load within 45 s, with a transitional battery capable of
maintaining the fire detection and alarm system for 30 minutes. Alternatively
an accumulator battery capable of maintaining protection for 36 hours may be
provided.

10.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
b.

The changeover switch is to be situated in or adjacent to the control panel. It is


to be fed by two separate feeders reserved solely for that purpose.

c.

The emergency source of power is to be located above the uppermost continuous


deck, accessible from the open deck, aft of the collision bulkhead. The source,
and its ancillary equipment, are to be remote from the main source of power and
main switchboard, so that the emergency source is unaffected by fire or other
casualty in the spaces containing the main source of power.

d.

The system is to withstand supply voltage variation and transients normally


encountered in ships. Lloyd's Register Type Approval Schemes include:
(1)

(2)

Power supply variation test;


Voltage variations

10% (permanent)

Frequency variations

5%

Voltage transients

20% (duration 1.5 s)

Frequency transients

10% (duration 5 s).

(permanent)

Power supply failure test;


Three interruptions to supply, minimum break 30 s. The equipment to
take action to restart as specified, with no corruption of programme or
data held in digital systems.

e.

10.3

An emergency battery is not to be in the same space as the emergency


switchboard. It is to be capable of supplying essential services which include the
fire detection system, for 36 hours without recharging, whilst the voltage is held
to 12% of the nominal value.

Statutory Regulations (SOLAS Reg II-2)


a.

Power supplies and electric circuits necessary for the operation of the system
shall be monitored for loss of power or fault conditions as appropriate.
Occurrence of a fault condition shall initiate a visual and audible fault signal at
the control panel which shall be distinct from a fire signal.

b.

There shall not be less than two sources of power supply, for the electrical
equipment used in the operation of the fire detection and fire alarm system, one
of which shall be an emergency source. The supply shall be provided by separate
feeders resourced solely for that purpose. Such feeders shall run to an
automatic changeover switch situated in or adjacent to the control panel for the
fire detection system.

10.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

11.

TESTS
Related Documents: BS 5345 Part 4; BS 5839 Part 1; NES 501; NES 511; see also
Annex A.

11.1

Functional Tests

11.2

a.

The effectiveness of every Fire Detection System is to be demonstrated after


installation onboard the vessel. It is NOT the policy to require effectiveness to
be demonstrated by lighting test fires on board. It is the responsibility of the
Design Authority to provide detailed requirements for onboard testing to
achieve a satisfactory demonstration of effectiveness. In some cases this may
include the use of a test fire.

b.

Testing the fire detectors by artificially simulated or generated fire symptoms


does not constitute a complete demonstration that an installed system will
react quickly in the event of a real fire. In such tests, the artificial symptom
(heat, smoke, flame, etc) is applied directly to the detector. In a real fire, the
actual products of combustion will originate from the fire at some distance from
the detector. They may be deflected by shielding, or dispersed in the air flow. It
is therefore essential that lines of sight and patterns of air flow are checked after
installation and under all conditions of ventilation, to ensure that the detection
of fire symptoms is not compromised.

c.

A requirement for functional testing of every installed Fire Detection System is


to be included in the STR. This testing is to be in accordance with the
procedures of NES 501, Sections 5 and 22. Clause 2.3 refers.

d.

Reference is to be made to BS 5839 Part 1 for recommendations covering the


inspection, initial testing, commissioning and subsequent `routine attention'
testing of Fire Detection Systems.

e.

Portable test equipment is available to test smoke and heat detectors whilst
they are installed. Hot air or smoke can be fed to the detector head, using a
polemounted device for detectors in remote positions. Heat detectors may also
be tested using a domestic hair dryer. A source of light flashing at about 10 Hz
can be used to simulate a flame and test a flame detector.

f.

Smoke generators which produce harmful corrosive products e.g. the metallic
tetrachloride type, are not to be used for functional testing of fire detectors.

Electrical Tests
a.

Some electrical test instruments can damage components of Fire Detection


Systems. Their use may also lead to an unsafe condition in a potentially
explosive atmosphere.

b.

Therefore, before any tests are carried out on a Fire Detection System, or
component of such a system, reference is to be made to the manufacturer's
documentation to ensure:
(1)

The installation complies with the requirements stated on the


documentation, with BS 5345 Part 4, if relevant, and any other
requirements specific to the vessel;

(2)

The test instruments will not damage the components, nor will an unsafe
condition be created.

11.1

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
c.

11.3

Inspection and testing of intrinsically safe systems is to comply with BS 5345


Part 4. For other systems, electrical testing is to comply with NES 511.

Statutory Regulations (SI 1984/1218 and amendments)


a.

The function of a detector system is to be periodically tested by means of


equipment producing hot air at the appropriate temperature, or smoke or
aerosol particles having the appropriate range of density or particle size, or
other phenomena associated with incipient fires to which the detector is
designed to respond. Sample extraction smoke detection systems are to be
similarly tested.

b.

It is to be demonstrated that detector heads are so located that air currents will
not render the system ineffective at sea or in port.

c.

Major units of fire detection systems are to be tested at the manufacturer's


works. Test procedures for software are to be developed in parallel with the
design process and acceptance criteria are to be defined for test at all levels. The
works test is to include verification of software performance in relation to the
system specification and, as far as practicable, demonstrate errorfree
operation under both normal and abnormal signal conditions.

d.

The detector system installed in a periodically unattended machinery space is


to be tested after installation under varying conditions of engine operation and
ventilation.

e.

Systems in special category spaces and roro cargo spaces are to be tested after
installation under normal ventilation conditions and give a satisfactory overall
response time.

f.

Suitable instructions, and spare components for testing and maintenance are to
be provided. In each section, one spare detector head is to be provided for each
50 heads in that section with a minimum of six heads for each type fitted. They
are to be stowed in a suitable container at the control station.

11.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A1.

The following documents and publications are referred to in this NES:


Statutory Instruments:
1981 No 1747

The Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods) Regulations


1981

1984 No 1218

The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) Regulations 1984

1985 No 1193

The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection) (Amendment)


Regulations 1985

1985 No 1194

The Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) (Amendment)


Regulations 1985

1985 No 1070

The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection and Fire


Appliances) (Amendment) Regulations 1986

1997 No. 2367

The Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and Marine


Pollution) Regulation 1997

1998 No. 1012

The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection (Large Ships))


Regulations 1998

Guidance Note GS19

General fire precautions aboard ships being fitted out or


under repair. Health and Safety Executive, March 1983.

Lloyd's Register's Type Approval Scheme


BS 4422

British Standard Glossary of Terms associated with fire.

BS 4547

Classification of Fires.

BS 4568

Specification for steel conduit and fittings with metric


threads of ISO form for electrical installations.

BS 5345

Code of practice for the selection, installation and


maintenance of electrical apparatus for use in potentially
explosive atmospheres.
Part 4

Installation and maintenance requirements for


electrical apparatus with type of protection `i'.
Intrinsically safe electrical apparatus and systems.

BS EN 2

Classification of Fires

BS EN 54

Components of automatic fire detection systems.

BS 5446

Part 1

Introduction

Part 5

Heat sensitive detectors - point detectors


containing a static element.

Part 7

Specification for pointtype smoke detectors using


scattered light, transmitted light or ionization.

Part 8

Specification for high temperature heat detectors.

Part 9

Methods of test of sensitivity to fire.

Specification for components of automatic fire alarm


systems for residential premises.
Part 1

Pointtype smoke detectors.

A.1

ANNEX A

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

BS 5490 replaced by BS
EN 60529:1992

Specification for classification of degrees of protection


provided by enclosures.

BS 5501

Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive atmospheres.


Part 7 Intrinsic Safety `i'.

BS 5839

Fire detection and alarm systems for buildings.


Part 1

Code of practice for system design, installation and


servicing.

Part 2

Specification for manual call points.

Part 4

Specification for control and indicating equipment.

BS EN 60651

Specification for sound level meters.

BS 6266

British Standard Code of Practice for fire protection for


electronic data processing installations.

BS 6387

British Standard Specification for performance


requirements for cables required to maintain circuit
integrity under fire conditions.

JSP 392

Instructions for radiological protection.

JSP 430

MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook

STANAG 1169

Firefighting Equipment and Principles for Harmonization of


Present and Future Equipment and Materials.

DEF STAN 015

Fuels, lubricants and associated products.

DEF STAN 5941

Electromagnetic Compatibility.

DEF STAN 615

Electrical Power Supply Systems below 600 Volts to 650


Volts.
Part 4

Power supplies in HM Warships.

NES 102
Requirements for Air Conditioning and Ventilation Design.
(DEF STAN 02-102 Pt 1)
(DEF STAN 08-159 Pt 2)
NES 119
(DEF STAN 02-119)

The Requirements for Fire Protection and Damage Control


for Surface Ships.

NES 183
(DEF STAN 08-101)

Requirements for the Construction and System


Arrangements in Magazines and Weapon Storage
Compartments

NES 501
(DEF STAN 08-107)

General Requirements for the Design of Electrotechnical


and Naval Weapon Equipment.

NES 502
(DEF STAN 02-502)

Requirements for Electrical Installations.

NES 511
(DEF STAN 07-226)

Requirements for Electrical Testing of Equipment.

NES 515 #

Guide to Electromagnetic Compatibility.

NES 519
(DEF STAN 07-228)

Requirements and Safety Regulations for Electrical


Equipment and Installations Fitted in Magazines,
Submarines Weapon Stowage Compartments, Adjacent
Compartments and Designated Danger Areas

NES 523
(DEF STAN 02-523)

Guide to the Installation of ThinWall Insulated Limited


Fire Hazard Equipment Wire and Electric Cable.

ANNEX A

A.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

NES 525
(DEF STAN 02-525)

Requirements for Electric Cables, ThinWall Insulated,


Limited Fire Hazard.

NES 620
(DEF STAN 02-620)

Requirements for Software for use with Digital Processors.

NES 626
(DEF STAN 02-626)

Control and Surveillance Equipment for Plant and System


Installations

NES 726
(DEF STAN 02-726)

Requirements for Cleanliness of Ships during Build.

NES 775
(DEF STAN 02-775)

Gasoline Systems and Stowages.

NES 1004
(DEF STAN 08-123)

Requirements for the Design and Testing of Equipment to


meet Environmental Conditions.

NES 1027
(DEF STAN 21-270

Electromagnetic Compatibility Requirements for


Installations in Ships.

BR 862

Naval Magazines and Explosive Regulations.

BR 1754

Safety Regulations for Storing and Handling Petroleum, Oil,


Lubricants and certain other Hazardous Stores in HM
Ships.

Note: # Contents of NES 515 will be incorporated into Def Stan 59-41 Part 7. Untill
published users are to contact the sponsor nominated in the contract.

A.3

ANNEX A

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX A

A.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX B.
ABBREVIATIONS, DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND UNITS
Abbreviations
B1.

For the purpose of this NES the following abbreviations apply:


ac

alternating current

Becquerel

Bq

BS

British Standard

COTS

Commercial off the Shelf

dB

decibel

dc

direct current

DEF STAN

Defence Standard

DCM

Designated Command or Monitoring Position

DNV

Det Norske Veritas

DLO

Defence Logistics Organization

DPA

Defence Procurement Agency

EECS

Electrical Equipment Certifying Service

EDP

Electronic Data Processing

FD

Fire Detection

HSE

Health and Safety Executive

HQ

Headquarters

IACS

International Association of Class Societies

IMO

International Maritime Organisation

IP

Ingress Protection

JSP

Joint Service Publication

LAN

Local Area Network

LED

Light Emitting Diode

LFH

Limited Fire Hazard

LOX

Liquid Oxygen

MOD

Ministry of Defence

NBCD

Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Defence and Damage


Control

NES

Naval Engineering Standard

OOW

Officer of the Watch

POL

Petroleum, Oils and Lubricants

PVC

Polyvinyl Chloride

QM

Quarter Master

RFA

Royal Fleet Auxiliary

RH

Relative Humidity

B.1

ANNEX B

DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

RN

Royal Navy

second

SCC

Ship Control Centre

SI

International System of Units

SOLAS

Safety of Life at Sea

STANAG

Standing Nato Agreement

STR

Statement of Technical Requirement

STUFT

Ships Taken up from Trade

WPM

Warship Project Manager

Definitions
B2.

Definitions relating to fire detection are drawn from BS 4422 and BS EN 54. Definitions
relating to ship divisions and spaces are drawn from Statutory Instruments and Class Society
Rules, to which reference is to be made if more detail is required.

B3.

The terminology used in this NES is to be used in procurement documentation for Fire
Detectors and Fire Detection Systems.

B4.

For the purpose of this NES the following definitions apply:


Accommodation Space

Public Spaces, Corridors and Lobbies, Stairways,


Lavatories, Cabins, Offices, Hospitals, Hairdressing Salons,
Pantries not containing cooking appliances, Lockers, Games
and Hobbies Rooms, Spaces similar to the foregoing, and
trunks to such spaces, allocated to passengers or crew.

Addressable System

A system in which signals from each detector and/or call


point are individually identified at the control panel.
Note: Hybrid systems are possible in which groups of
devices on a circuit can be separately identified, but not
individual devices within the group.

Alarm of Fire

Warning of the outbreak of fire, originated by a person or


by an automatic device. (The term `Fire Alarm' is
deprecated and is not to be used).

Analogue Detector

A detector which gives an output signal representing the


value of the sensed phenomenon. This may be a truly
analogue signal or a digitally coded equivalent of the sensed
value. This detector does not itself make a decision of fire.

Aspirating Detector

See `Smoke Detection Cabinet'.

Becquerel

SI unit of radioactivity for which the symbol is Bq. 1 Bq is


the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which 1
nucleus decays/second. Replaces the Curie (Ci) 1 Bq = 2.7
 10-11 Ci.

Cargo Space

Space used for cargo including cargo oil tanks, slop tanks
and trunks to such spaces.

Control Station (Marine)

A space in which the radio or main navigating equipment,


or the emergency source of power, or the central fire
recording equipment, or fire control equipment, or fire
extinguishing installations are located, or a control room
located outside a propulsion machinery space.

ANNEX B

B.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

Curie

Unit of radioactivity for which the symbol is Ci. Now


replaced by Becquerel. 1 Ci is defined as 3.7  10
disintegrations per second, roughly equal to the activity of
1g of 226Ra.

Decision Element

The element that differentiates between the fire and


nonfire states.
Note: The decision element may be in the detector or the
control equipment.

Detector

A part of an automatic fire detection system that contains


at least one sensor which constantly or at frequent intervals
monitors at least one suitable physical and/or chemical
phenomenon associated with fire, and that provides at least
one corresponding signal to the control and indicating
equipment. The decision to give the alarm of fire or to
operate automatic fire protection equipment may be made
at the detector or at another part of the system, for
example, at the control and indicating equipment.

False Fire Signal

A fire signal given when there is or was no fire.

False Fire Signal:


A id t l
Accidental

A false fire signal caused by:


a. Accidental actuation of a manual or an automatic device;
or
b. Response of an automatic device to physical conditions
indistinguishable by the device from those caused by fire; or
c. Operation of an automatic device in response to physical
conditions more severe than those that the device is
designed to withstand without operating.

False fire Signal:


M lf
Malfunction
ti

A false fire signal caused by:


a. Defect or malfunction of an automatic device or its
means of communication with a control room, a control
centre or a central (fire alarm) station; or
b. Incorrect response of an automatic device to physical
conditions less severe than those that the device is designed
to withstand without operating.

Fault Warning

An automatic indication given audibly and/or visibly that a


fault exists in a fire protection system.

Fire

a. Process of combustion characterized by the emission of


heat, accompanied by smoke or flame or both.
b. Combustion spreading uncontrolled in time and space.

Fire Alarm Sounder

A component of a fire alarm system for giving an audible


warning of fire.

Fire Classification

Class A Fires involving solid materials, usually of an


organic nature in which combustion normally takes place
with the formation of glowing embers.
Class B Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids.
Class C Fires involving gases.
Class D Fires involving metals.

B.3

ANNEX B

DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

Fire Control Plan


(Marine)

A permanently exhibited plan displaying the Fire protection


facilities on board ship, a copy of which is stowed in a
prominently marked weathertight enclosure outside the
deckhouses for assistance of the shorebased services.

Fire Danger

Concept including both fire hazard and fire risk.

Fire Hazard

Consequences of the event if a fire occurs.

Fire Risk

Probability of a fire occurring.

Fire Signal

An alarm of fire originated by an automatic device, given


audibly and/or visibly.

Flame

Zone of combustion in the gaseous phase from which light


is emitted.

Flammable

Capable of burning with a flame.

Flash Point

Lowest temperature at which a substance gives off enough


vapour under stated conditions, using a closed or open
vessel, to ignite momentarily when a flame is applied.

Intrinsically Safe Circuit


or Equipment

A circuit or equipment in which any electrical arcing or


sparking that may occur in normal operation, during
maintenance, or credible fault conditions, is incapable of
causing an ignition of the enveloping environment.

Ionizing Radiation

Gamma () rays, Xrays (either from radionucildes, Xray


equipment or produced as a byproduct of some other
apparatus), alpha () particles, beta () particles and
neutrons.

Machinery Spaces

All machinery spaces of Category `A' and all other spaces


containing propelling machinery, boilers, oil fuel units,
steam and internal combustion engines, generators and
major electrical machinery, oil filling stations, refrigerating,
stabilizing, ventilation and air conditioning machinery, and
similar spaces; and trunks to such spaces.

Machinery Spaces of
C t
Category
`A'

Those spaces and trunks to such spaces which contain:


a. internal combustion machinery used for main propulsion;
or
b. internal combustion machinery used for purposes other
than main propulsion where such machinery has in the
aggregate a total power output of not less than 375 kW; or
c. any oilfired boiler or oil fuel unit.

Monitored Wiring

Wiring in which a failure, whether to open circuit or to


short circuit, will result in a fault warning and not an alarm
of fire.

MultiState Detector

A detector which gives one of a limited number (greater


than two) of output states relating to `normal' or `fire
alarm' and other abnormal conditions.

Public Spaces

Halls, dining rooms, bars, smoke rooms, lounges, recreation


rooms, nurseries, libraries, cinemas, sale shops and similar
permanently enclosed spaces allocated to passengers or
crew.

ANNEX B

B.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

Ro/Ro Cargo Space


(Marine)

A space not normally subdivided in any way and extending


for either a substantial length or the entire length of a ship
in which goods (packaged or in bulk), in or on rail or road
cars, vehicles (including road or rail tankers) trailers,
containers, pallets, demountable tanks, or in or on similar
stowage units or other receptacles, can be loaded and
unloaded normally in a horizontal direction.

Section

A subdivision of the protected vessel such that the


occurrence of a fire within it will be indicated by a fire
alarm system separately from an indication of fire in any
other subdivision.
Note: A section will usually consist of a space or
compartment protected by several manual call points and/or
detectors and is separately indicated to assist in location of
the fire and firefighting.

Section Indicator

A part of fire alarm indicating equipment which visually


indicates the section of origin of a fire alarm or fault
warning signal.
Note: Installations on land sometimes use the term `zone
indicator' which is not appropriate for installations in ships
and submarines.

Sensor

The primary element of a measuring chain, which converts


the input variable into a signal suitable for measurement.
Note 1: The relationship between the input variable and the
output signal of a sensor is fundamental and cannot be
altered by external means other than physically or
functionally modifying the device. Three examples of
sensors are the thermistor used in a heat detector, the
photocell of a flame detector, and the voltage/current
sensing circuitry of an ionization smoke detector.
Note 2: All fire detectors contain at least one sensor which
responds to a physical or chemical phenomenon associated
with fire.

Service Spaces

Galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, laundries,


drying rooms, lockers and store rooms, paint rooms,
baggage rooms, mail and specie rooms, workshops (other
than those forming part of machinery spaces) and similar
spaces and trunks to such spaces.

Smoke

Visible suspension in atmosphere of solid and/or liquid


particles resulting from combustion or pyrolysis.
Note: In general the particle diameters range from 1 nm
(invisible smoke) to 10 m (visible smoke).

Smoke Detection Cabinet


(Marine)

A cabinet normally sited in the wheelhouse of a ship within


which samples of air drawn from holds are continuously
monitored. Sometimes known as an `aspirating detector'.

B.5

ANNEX B

DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

Special Category Space


(Marine)

An enclosed space above or below the bulkhead deck,


intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their
tanks for their own propulsion, into and from which such
vehicles can be driven, and to which passengers have access.

TwoStage Alarm System

A fire alarm system in which the initial alarm is given only


in a restricted part of the vessel with an alert signal being
given in the remainder of the vessel.

TwoState Detector

A detector which gives one or two output states relating to


either `normal' or `fire alarm' conditions.

Symbols and Units


B5.

STRs are to be written in metric terms using the International System of Units (SI), unless the
interface requirements made necessary the use of the Imperial and other systems.

B6.

The SI symbols and units used in this NES are shown in Table B.1.
SI Unit

Quantity
Electric current

Activity of a
radionuclide

Symbol

Ampere
milliampere
microampere

Becquerel

Bq

mA
A

Temperature
Kelvin
(RN preferred unit)
(Degree Celsius)

Frequency

Hertz

Hz

Length

Metre
kilometre
millimetre
micrometre
nanometre

Time

Second

Electric potential

Volt

(C)

km
mm
m
nm

Table B.1 Symbols and Units for Fire Detection


B7.

The Curie (Ci) is a unit of radioactivity now replaced by the Bequerel. Para B3. contains
definitions and conversion factors for both units.

ANNEX B

B.6

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX C.
PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST
Notes:
1.

This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Naval Engineering Standard are
consulted when preparing a procurement specification for a particular application.

2.

Paragraphs where a preference for an option is to be used or where specific data are to be
added are included in the Check List.

3.

Each item is to be marked either:


 = included
NA = not applicable

CHECK
No

CHECK

CLAUSE No

 or
NA

GENERAL
1

What class of vessel is to be protected?

Scope, 2.6b ,
2.6c

Has a policy of integrated damage control and


surveillance been established?

2.4d , 4.6a ,
7.1a , 9.1a

Is the fire detection system to meet statutory


regulations under SOLAS?

Scope 7, 1.2a ,
1.2b , 2.7i ,
2.7j

Is the system to be procured from an overseas source?

1.2b , 1.2c ,
2.6c , 5.9c

Will the cargo include dangerous goods?

3.5c , 3.5e

SYSTEM AND CONTROLS


6

Will the system be extended?

3.1a , 4.3i ,
9.1e , 9.6d ,
10.1e

Is an addressable system necessary?

4.3g , 4.3h ,
4.4a , 4.5a

Are system interfaces required?

2.4b , 4.6a ,
4.6b

Is an event log necessary?

2.1e , 7.4a

10

What response times are to be used in system trials?

4.1c , 4.1d ,
4.1f , 6.2b ,
11.1b , 11.1c

11

How much redundancy is needed?

4.4a

12

Where is the control station to be located?

7.1b , 7.7a ,
7.7b , 9.3b

13

Are secondary indicators required?

7.7c , 7.7d

14

What type of visual display is to be provided?

8.3c , 8.3e

15

Is all the information, needed to ensure electrical


compatibility of all components, available?

2.5d , 4.2f ,
5.8g , 7.5c ,
9.2f

C.1

ANNEX C

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

CHECK
No

CHECK

CLAUSE No

16

Are components mechanically interchangeable?

4.2e , 4.2f ,
5.8a , 6.1b ,
9.5d

17

Are environmental type tests to be applied to the


equipment, and what standards are to be met?

4.3j

DETECTORS
18

Are compartments adjacent to High Fire Risk spaces to 3.3


be protected?

19

Do Explosive and High Fire Risk spaces require extra


detectors?

4.4c , 6.3b

20

Do High Value Compartments require high sensitivity


detectors?

6.3c

21

Are any coincident detector circuits to be fitted?

4.2e , 4.3h ,
4.4c , 5.1a ,
6.3e , 6.4e

22

Are extra detectors needed in ventilation trunking


abstracts?

6.3d

23

Is protection adequate if vessel is unmanned?

4.1c , 7.7d

24

Has approval for use of ionization chamber smoke


detectors been given?

5.8c

25

Are special precautions against signal drift to be


taken?

4.2d , 4.3h

26

Will protective guards, or screens be necessary?

6.2d , 6.4b ,
11.1b

27

Are environmental type tests to be applied to the


detectors and what standards are to be met?

4.2a , 5.5a ,
5.6a , 5.6d ,
5.7a , 5.8b ,
6.4c , 6.4d

ALARMS
28

Are duplicate alarms needed?

4.3e , 7.7d ,
8.1h

29

What sounder signals have been chosen?

8.1b , 8.1e ,
8.2b

30

Are obstructions, or high background noise, present?

8.1b , 8.1d ,
8.1e , 8.4a

POWER SUPPLY AND CABLES


31

What normal power supply has been chosen?

10.1c

32

What deviation in normal supply is to operate the


changeover switch?

10.1d

33

What is to be the alternative source of power?

10.1e

34

What type of standby battery (if any) is to be used, and 10.1e


at what Ah rating?

ANNEX C

C.2

 or
NA

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

CHECK
No

CHECK

CLAUSE No

35

Is high integrity cable to be used anywhere in the


system?

4.3f , 9.1b

36

Is silicone rubber LFH cable to be used anywhere in


the system?

9.1

 or
NA

STATUTORY REGULATIONS
37

Is the control panel to be on the Navigating Bridge, or


in the Main Fire Control Station?

7.8a

38

Are sample extraction smoke detectors to be fitted?

3.5c , 5.10c ,
8.5d , 9.7b ,
9.7c

39

Where is the alarm to sound when machinery space


and bridge are not manned?

7.8b , 8.5c

40

What alternative source of power is to be provided?

10.2a , 10.2c ,
10.2e

C.3

ANNEX C

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX C

C.4

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX D.
FIRE AND SMOKE DETECTOR AND ALARM SYSTEMS FOR MERCHANT SHIPS

VOYAGES UNDERTAKEN
INTERNATIONAL LONG VOYAGES
VOYAGES
SHORT VOYAGES

CLASS
I*
II*

PASSENGER CERTIFICATE FOR VOYAGES OF ANY


KIND
PASSENGER CERTIFICATE RESTRICTS VOYAGES TO:
Not more than 70 miles from departure

III

Not more than 18 miles from UK coast


Fine weather
During restricted periods
VOYAGES WHICH Partially smooth waters, or smooth and partially smooth
ARE NOT
waters
INTERNATIONAL Smooth waters only
Not more than 250 passengers

IV
V
VI

Smooth or partially smooth waters


Fine weather, restricted periods
Not more than 15 miles (excl. smooth waters)
Not more than 3 miles from land
Not more than 50 passengers

VI(A)

Not more than 6 miles to or from isolated communities on


coast or islands of UK
Not more than 3 miles from land
Passenger Ships are ships carrying more than 12 passengers.
* A fixed fire detection and alarm system is required.

Table D.1 Classification of Passenger Ships

D.1

ANNEX D

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

CLASS

DESCRIPTION OF CLASS AND


EXCEPTION( )

VOYAGES
INTERNATIONAL
LONG

SHORT

NOT
INTERNATIONAL

VII

Ship (I, VII(T), VII(A), XI, XII)

Any

VII(A)

Ship employed as fish processing or canning factory ship, and ship engaged in carriage
of persons employed in the fish processing or canning industries.

VII(T)

Tanker

Any

VIII

Ship (II, VIII(T), IX, XI, XII)

None

VIII(A)

Ship (II(A) to VI(A) incl, VIII(A)(T), IX,


XI(A), XI, XII)

None

VIII(T)

Tanker

None

VIII(A)(T) Tanker

None

IX

Tug, Tender (II, II(A), III, VI, VI(A))

None

IX(A)

Ship (IV to VI incl)

IX(A)(T)

Tanker

XI

Sailing Ship (XII)

XII

Pleasure craft, (I to VI(A) incl) 13.7 m in


length or over

Any
Any
Any
Only
Any
Does not proceed to sea
Proceeds to sea

A fixed fire detection and alarm system is required for all ships of 500 gross tons or over.
Classes XI and XII may be exempted.
The regulations do not apply to fishing vessels (formerly Class X), to nonUK trooships
and certain other categories listed in Statutory Instrument 1985 No 1193.

Table D.2 Classification of Ships Other Than Passenger Ships

ANNEX D

D.2

TYPE OF SHIP
Statutory Instrument Part No.

PASSENGER

SHIP, OTHER THAN PASSENGER OR TANKER

II VI IX

III VII IX

CLASS OF SHIP

II

IIA*

REGULATION NUMBERS

10

10
13

10
14

More than 36 Passengers

86
88

86
88

86
88

Not more than 36 Passengers

102
104

102
104

102
104

Dangerous goods

143

143

VII

VIIA

VIII

VIIIA

IX

TANKER
IV VIII

IXA

XI

XII

VIIT

Regulations 36(1), (2) and (3) apply to all classes over 500 grt, as does
Regulation 123

36

40

143

143

41

44

44

44

46

47

VIIIT

VIIIAT

IXAT

Regulations 36(1) and 140 apply to all


Classes over 500 tons gross

48

55

58

58

Regulations require Spaces to be protected in accordance with the schedules shown


Main Propulsion and associated
machinery space, if with
automatic or remote control

Schedule 11 All Classes


M=Manual Call Points
Any machinery space with automatic or remote control, not continuously
manned Schedule 11 Classes VII to XII incl.

Special Category space (Ferry):

D.3

Continuously Patrolled

Not Continuously Patrolled

Sch11

Sch11

Sch11

Exits from Special Category


Space:

Cargo space for vehicles with


fuel in tanks for own
propulsion:

Sch
11/12

Sch
11/12

Sch
11/12

Spaces inaccessible to patrol

Sch
11/12

Sch
11/12

N/A

Ro/Ro Cargo Space Schedule 11

Space for dangerous goods

Sch
11/12

Sch
11/12

Sch
11/12

International Voyages only

Accommodation spaces,
Service Space & Galleys

M, with either
Schedule 7 or 11

Stairways, escape routes from


Accommodation:

Sch11

Crew alarm to operate from


Control Station or Bridge

Either Schedule 7 or 11

Sch11

Schedule 11 or 12

Construction Method IIC require Schedule 7 and Method IIIC requires Schedule
11
Sch11

Manual Call points and Schedule 11

M with Schedule 11

ANNEX D

Table D.3 Fire Detection Regulations and Requirements for Merchant Ships

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

Statutory Instrument 1984 No 1218 The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection)


Regs 1984
Sch 7 Automatic Sprinkler Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems
Sch 11 Fixed Fire Detection and Fire Alarm Systems
Sch 12 Sample Extraction Smoke Detection Systems
* Class IIA 21-34 m in length or more

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX D
D.4

ANNEX E.
RISK CLASS
DESIGNATION OF
COMPARTMENT

EXPLOSIVE RISK
MAGAZINE

ADJACENT
COMPARTMENT

HIGH FIRE RISK

DESIGNATED DANGER
AREA

DANGEROUS AREA
GASOLINE
COMPARTMENT

RULING DOCUMENTS
DEFINITION

TYPICAL EXAMPLES
(Refer to ruling documents for
full listings)

PRESENCE OF POL AND


CLASS

NES 502, NES 519 AND BR 862

HIGH FIRE RISK


COMPARTMENT

ELECTRONIC &
OPERATIONAL HIGH
VALUE SPACES

OTHER COMPARTMENTS
SPACES & ADJACENTS
NES 775, DEF STAN 01-5 and BR 1754

NES 119

Compartment or locker
specifically designed to be safe
for permanent or temporary
stowage of explosive stores.

Compartment with any part


of its boundary bordering on
to the magazine.

Compartment or space in
which explosive stores are
occasionally present.

See BR 1754
Compartment or space where highly flammable or flammable
materials is stored, handled, or distributed.

See Examples Below.

Free-standing lockers, no
walk-in access. Ready-use
magazine. Weapon test and
assembly magazine. Torpedo
tubes.

Compartment with deck,


deck-head or bulkhead is
common with magazine.
Approach compartments.

Weapon transfer space.


Mining deck. Weapon lift and
hoist trunks. Area round
weapon launch position.

Compartment with one or


more tanks for storage of
gasoline. Air space adjacent
to hull type tanks. Gasoline
control compartment.

Hangars for aircraft vehicles


and boats. Spark ignition
engine workshops. Dope,
flammable paint, stores. LOX
compartments.

Main and auxiliary


machinery spaces. Diesel
generators. Pump rooms for
avcat and oils. Gas turbines.
Ventilation tanks.

Operations room. Ship


control centre. Navigation
equipment spaces.
Telephone exchange. Main
cable and wiring. Elect,
distribution centre.

All Class 1 fuels (flash point


below 21C) e.g. gasoline.
(NES 775).

Classes 1 and 11 flash points up


to 55C (DEF STAN 01-5)

Class III (above 55 up to


100C) and unclassified
(above 100C) (DEF STAN
01-5)

POL is not normally


present.

Automatic spray.

Automatic in LOX. Manual in


dope, paint, flammable stores.

Fixed water AFFF system.


Halon system.

Not fitted.

POL IS TO BE KEPT AWAY FROM THESE SPACES


Regulat ons based on character
Regulations
characteristics
st cs of isopropylnitrate
sopropyln trate flash po
point
nt 20
20C
C NES 519 recommends
grading to BS 5345 Part 1, Temperature class T4 Apparatus Group 11B

E.1

WATER SPRAYS TO BE
FITTED (Automatic,
Semi-automatic, Manual)

In all magaazines (items may


need enclosure to withstand
0.1 bar).

Not fitted for fire


suppression.

Some GW hoist trunks.


Weapon compartments.
Transfer Spaces.

SMOKE/FIRE DETECTORS
TO BE FITTED

In all magazines, no isolating


switches.

In all except low risk value


compartments.

NES 119 requires ship space fire detection system to protect all compartments and spaces on this table. Detectors to be ionization chamber, IR flame, or heat
sensitive types.

WITH ALARMS

In SCC or other appropriate location. On weather deck in


RFAs and minor war vessels. Adjacent to OOW and gangway
if SCC is not continously manned.

To be intrinsically safe where explosive gas/air mixture is present.


Link to Audible and Visual Alarm in NBCD HQ. Visual indicators outside locked compartments.

SHIP DESIGN TO KEEP MAGAZINE AND POL SPACES


APART

Only approved detectors to be fitted in these spaces.

SAFETY CERTIFYING
AUTHORITY

DOSGTS/magazine safety policy section. (BR 862 Chap 50 Sheet 50.3).

BASEEFA (BR 1754 Part 1 Art. 23b and Part 2 Chap 3 Art. 0310).

APPARATUS PROTECTION

Group IIB is below 0.1 milli


Joule or flameproof, max
surface temp. 135C.

Gasoline detectors and capacity gauges to be is and approved, with gas and water-tight
connection. Terminal bores to be flameproof and approved. Motors, control gear and other
equipment to be flameproof and wired in conduit.

No special enclosure.
Enclosures must meet
environmental conditions.

NES 502 makes no


requirements specific to
detectors.

Type of protection N is
adequate if no arcs or sparks
and if no water spray is fitted.

NES 502 requires lighting fittings to conform to NES 587. Other requirements are to conform to BR 1754.

Table E.1 Spaces and Compartments in RN and RFA Ships which require Fire Detectors Prior to 1998

No Special Requirements.

ANNEX E

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

APPROVED ELECTRICAL
FITTINGS

Cabinets linked to NBCD


HQ, operations room and
weapon control centre.

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ANNEX E
E.2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

ALPHABETICAL INDEX
Note: Page numbers are given

D
Dangerous areas, 3.2
Dangerous goods, 3.3

A
Abbreviations, B.1, B.2
Access, 6.2
Address, 6.1
Alarm, 1.1, 3.1, 4.3, 7.4, 8.1
Attenuation, 8.1
Audibility, 8.1
Autonomous, 2.2

B
Barrier, 5.8, 9.3
Beacon, 8.3
Becquerel, B.2, B.6

C
Cable
characteristics, 9.2
installations, 9.2
joints, 9.4
LFH, 9.1, 9.2
routes, 4.3, 9.2, 9.4
Certifying Authority, 3.2, 5.8
Changeover switch, 10.1, 10.2
Classification
detectors, 5.7
fires, 5.1
POL, 3.2
ships, 1.2, 2.3, 3.2
Clean compartment, 9.4

Data transmission, 4.4


Decision element, 7.1, 8.1
Definitions, B.2
Detector
access, 6.2
addressable, 6.1
adjustable, 5.9
cabling, 9.1
compatibility, 4.2
electrical parameters, 5.8
environmental tests, 5.6, 5.7
flame, 5.4, 5.5
heat, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6, 5.9
installation of, 3.1, 3.2
ionization chamber, 5.3, 5.8
mounting, 9.3
optical, 5.4
performance, 5.6
performance of, 5.6, 5.7
removal of, 4.2
selection of, 5.1, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9
sensitivity of, 4.2, 5.7, 5.9
smoke, 5.3, 5.4
spacing (Merchant ships), 2.3, 4.5, 9.4
spacing (Warships), 4.1, 4.4, 6.2
variety of, 4.2
Display, 8.2
Dockyard, 1.2
Documentation
certification, 1.1, 2.3, 9.3, 11.1
procurement, 4.1, 7.3, 9.3, 10.1, 11.1, B.6
Documents, A.1

Compartments, normally locked, 4.4

Conductors, 9.1
Control equipment, 7.3

EDP installations, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

Control station, 2.1, 7.1, 7.3

EMC, 2.2, 9.1, 9.2

Controls, 7.2

Emergency battery, 10.1, 10.2

Crew alarm, 2.3, 4.5, 7.4, 8.3

Environment, 2.2, 4.1, 5.3, 5.8, 6.3, 9.3

Curie, B.6

Environmental tests, 2.2, 4.3, 6.4

INDEX 1

INDEX

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
Event record, 2.1, 2.3, 7.2
Extinguishing systems, 7.4

F
False alarm, 2.2, 4.1, 6.3
Fault
alarm of, 2.1, 7.1
monitoring, 2.1, 7.2, 9.4
signal, 8.2
warning, 4.1, 8.2

I
Impact, 6.3, 6.4
Indication
fault, 8.2
fire, 7.3, 8.2
normal state, 8.2
testing, 8.2
visual, 8.2
Indicator
crew, 7.4
flashing rate, 8.2
secondary, 7.3

Fire
doors, 2.3
extinguishers, 7.4
outbreak of, 4.1, 7.1, 9.1
patrol, 2.3
risk, 4.1
symptoms, 2.1, 5.1

Infra-red, 5.5

Fire detection system


addressable, 4.3
boats, auxiliary vessels, i
certification of, 1.1, 2.3
correct operation of, 2.1, 11.1
disablement of, 7.2
portable, 1.2
response of, 4.1, 7.1
sections, 4.2
vulnerability of, 2.1

Ionization chamber, 5.8, 9.4

Flash point, 3.2

Mountings, 6.1

Integrated damage control, 2.2, 4.4, 7.1, 8.2


Interchangeability, 9.3
Interfaces, 2.2, 4.4
International System of Units, B.6
Interruption, power supply, 2.2, 10.1
Intrinsic safety, 5.8, 8.1, 9.2, 9.3

L
Lloyd's Register, 1.1

M
Magazine, 3.1, 7.3
Manual call point, 1.1, 2.3, 4.4, 5.9, 9.3
Manual controls, 2.1, 7.2

Fuses, 10.1

O
Obscuration, 5.8
Optical detector , 5.4

Gasoline, 3.1

Gasoline compartment, 3.1

H
High fire risk, 3.1

INDEX

Performance of
dual-spectrum detectors, 5.5
flame detectors, 5.5, 5.7
heat detectors, 5.3, 5.6
smoke detectors, 5.6, 5.7

INDEX 2

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)
Portable system, 1.2
Position of
call points, 9.3
components, 9.2
detectors, 6.1, 6.2, 9.2
flame detectors, 5.5, 6.2
heat detectors, 5.2, 6.1
line detectors, 6.1
smoke detectors, 6.1
Power Supply
alternative (Merchant ships), 10.1, 10.2
alternative (Warships), 2.2, 9.2, 10.1
conditioning, 10.1
monitoring of, 10.1
Purpose, 1.1
quality of, 10.1, 10.2

R
Redundancy, 4.4
Regulations
Lloyd's, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5
magazine, 3.1, 3.2, 7.3
merchant shipping, 2.3, 2.4, 3.3
POL, 3.1, 3.2, 5.8
Response grading, 5.6
Response of system, 4.1
Response threshold, 5.6

control station, 9.2


detectors, 9.2
sounders, 8.1, 8.3, 9.2
Smoke
detector, 5.3, 5.4
generator, 11.1
obscuration, 5.8
Software, 2.3, 4.3, 4.5, 7.3, 11.2
SOLAS, 1.1, 2.4
Sounder, 4.3, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2
Spares, 11.2
STR ship, 1.1, 3.1, 7.1, 7.3, 9.3
STR system, 1.1, 2.1, 5.6, 5.7
Symptoms, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2

T
Test requirements, 2.1, 11.1
Testing
detectors, 5.8, 11.1, 11.2
electrical, 11.1, 11.2
is systems, 11.2
machinery spaces, 11.2
on board, 11.1, 11.2
precautions, 11.1
routine, 11.1
software, 11.2
Trials, 4.1, 11.1
Type approval, 2.3, 4.1, 4.4, 4.5, 5.9

Sample extraction smoke detector, 3.3, 5.4,


5.8, 8.3, 9.4
Sensitivity, 5.6, 5.7

U
Ultra-violet, 5.5, 5.6

Sensor, 5.2
Shock, 6.3
Silencing, 7.2, 8.2
Siting of
call points, 9.3
components, 9.2

V
Ventilation trunks, 3.1, 3.2, 6.3
Vibration, 6.3, 9.3
Voltage, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

INDEX 3

INDEX

INT DEF STAN 02603/Issue 2


(NES 603)

W
Warning notice, 9.4
Water spray, 2.3

Z
Zone, 4.2, 5.8

INDEX

INDEX 4

Inside Rear Cover

Crown Copyright 2001


Copying Only as Agreed with DStan

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