BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

Collision:often

CHEMISTRY- Study of the compositions

of matter.

Energy: high

BIOLOGY-study of life
PHYSICS-study of energy
SEISMOLOGY-study of earthquakes
METEOROLOGY- study of weather
ASTRONOMY-study of heavenly bodies
Phases of Matter
MATTER- is anything that occupies space
and has mass.
SOLID:Description: closely packed
Movement: limited
Shape:definite
Volume:definite
Force of Attraction:strong
Temperature:lower
Collision:less
Energy:low
Example:Book

Example: Milk
GAS:Description: far apart
Movement:freely moving
Shape:indefinite
Volume:indefinite
Force of Attraction:negligible
Temperature:high
Collision:more often
Energy:higher
Example:LPG
PLASMA: electically charged.
BOSE-EINTEIN CONDENSATE: forms
when atoms reached zero degress
(0k).HAS LESS ENERGY THAN SOLID.
THE ATOMS ARE CLUMPED DUE TO
EXTREME COLDNESS
PROPERTIES OF SOLID: incompressible,
rigid, and compact
: CRYSTALLINE OR AMORPHOUS

Movement: sliding one another

: Malleable-turns into sheets, Ductileturns into wires and Lustrous- shining and
good conductor of heat & electricity.

Shape:indefinite

PROPERTIES OF LIQUID: ability to flow

Volume: definite

: some are Viscous- ability to resist

flowing and exhibits Diffusion- movement
from higher concentration to lower
concentration)

LIQUID:Description: loosely packed

Force of Attraction:weak
Temperature: low

DIFFUSION IS FASTER AT HIGHER

TEMPERATURE.
EXHIBITS SURFACE TENSION

OF BUBBLES, GAS, or SOUND

(fireworks)

HAS CAPILLARY ACTION

ATOMS: all substance are made up of

substance; constitutes the smallest
particle of an element.

PROPERTIES OF GAS: DIFFUSES easily

: takes part in chem. reactions

: can be compressed

DEVELOPMENT OF ATOMIC THEORY

: exert pressure

*LEUCIPPUS and DEMOCRITUS

PHYSICAL CHANGE: it does not produce

any new substance

-indivisible particle called atom

SOLID to LIQUID:
Melting,Endothermic,lighted candle
LIQUID to SOLID:
Freezing,Exothermic,Ice
LiQUID to GAS:
Evaporating,Endothermic,Heating Water
GAS to LIQUID:
Condensation,Exothermic,Forming of
Clouds
SOLID to GAS;
Sublimation,Endothermic,Mothballs
GAS to SOLID:
Deposition, Exothermic, Dried Ice
CHEMICAL CHANGE: produces new
substance; it changes the composition of
materials
CHANGE INDICATORS:
1. Change in COLOR, TEMPERATURE,
ODOR, PRECIPITATES (curdling
milk & vinegar), and FORMATION

*DALTON: Atomic Theory

*THOMSON: Negative Atoms
(ELECTRONS)
*GOLDSTEIN: Positive Atoms
(PROTONS)
*RUTHERFORD: Nucleus= is the center
of the atom; is positively and negatively
charged
*CHADWICK: NEUTRONS (no charge)
*BOHR: PLANETARY MODEL OF AN
ATOM (electrons revolve around
SHELLS/ORBITS)
*SCHRODINGER and HEISENBERG:
MODEL OF AN ATOMIC THEORY;
there are regions called ELECTRON
CLOUDS
SUBATOMIC PARTICLE
PROTONS:positively charged atoms;
found in atomic nucleus
SYMBOL: p+
NOTE: