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SOC 340
Full Semester Package
SBU
Spring 2013
Marrone

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Jan 30
Readings: custom reader from universityreaders.com (also available in book store)
Social institutions: formal institution in charge of a certain system
Human reproduction is a behavior that is affected by certain institutions
Social class: financial means variable; composite variable
Education is a powerful part of reproduction

KGOY (kids getting older/younger)

o Food/Animals food
o Sexualized image
o Earlier exposure to sexualized behavior/images
o Body weight BMI/activities
o Gender expectations
o Non-biological dad can affect

Managing fertility
o Created the technology of planning when to be fertile

Feb 6
Guest speaker:
EDD: estimated due date
38-40 weeks pregnancy
Divided into 3 trimesters roughly 12 weeks each
During pregnancy, her organs were shifting and being pressed upward, diaphragms moving
upwards and being shortness of breath. Heart, spine, and other body parts tilted
18 weeks felt the baby kick
Baby sucking thumb in the womb without any help
8 week old female fetus already has all of its eggs
Delivery
Doula is not the same thing as a midwife
Doula is there for the purpose of making the mother comfortable including emotional support
Doulas accompany all over place for birth
Doula from ancient Greek
The midwife helps with the birth
Doulas were most uncomfortable in being at hospital during child birth because of a small
conflict between the doula and the doctor. They are most comfortable at home

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Why are love/emotional attachment necessary for having a baby?

Support for the baby, invested in the kids
Many babies are being born out of wedlock
Why long term relationships from school and work?
Exposure effect
Similar interests such as career and age
Social propinquity: not very random. We wind up meeting people we come in contact with.
Theres this spatial (similar social characteristics) nearness. Similar in age, religion, values,
social class, distance.
Arranged marriage:

Marriage/relationship that forms which a certain people from one side pair with another

in the couples or families best interest

May not be their choice
Not much divorce, mainly because divorce in those countries are stigmatized
The two sets of parents know what it takes to have a successful marriage economic
security, interest of the challenge. They know what it needs for a long and enduring

marriage. They want there to be a successful and long lasting marriage, stability
Has been modified to assisted marriage mixing American culture (wanting to like the
person) but still want the benefit of the people who love them to find the partner

Feb 13
Exam 1: study guide
First trimester: will most likely see morning sickness
37-40 weeks = full term
Mating by culture and over time
Social propinquity: how we wind up being with people. It includes social class, religion, culture,
etc. People who are similar to us
Arranged marriage and assisted marriage
Changing of roles of women when status of women is known in any society/culture, it says a
lot. If women are valued, they make money, teach/go to school, have social power, have the
time, more control over their lives, and more access to birth control
Second wave of feminism fastest and most impactful change in women culture
In the 60s, only married women were allowed birth control. Access to birth control control
births
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Marriage is still a normative ideal

Family can be 2 mother and child, father and child, only couples, etc.
Family of orientation and family of procreation
You will belong to two or more families in your life
Family of orientation: Families that raises you, place you call home, have a role in that family
(son/daughter)
From this part, we go to family of procreate is a family we create. It doesnt have to be a family
we create, can adopt a child or other options. The roles change; with different roles come
different responsibilities
2nd reading, transition of household
Childless households exist but they still are a family. Childlessness has increased.
Voluntary/involuntary childlessness
Divorce
Is high because we can get out of marriage more easily than before
Changing roles of women
Cultural lag
Betty F. reading
Begins survey in the 1947 to 60s (in college)
Interviews women and discovers that most arent happy even when have college degrees,
families and husbands. She describes a problem that has no name.
In the 60s we get the pill, only for married women. Want control over birth; dont want other
people to dictate it.
Changing role of women = changing roles of kids; we value children differently: what it means
we dont see them as a burden anymore. Economically, people will think when the right time is
to have kids
Readings 1 & 2 changes in families and changes in reproduction
When women have college degrees, they have fewer kids and at a later age
If not as highly educated, more kids and marry earlier
Medicalization of birth
Mortality = death
Morbidity = sickness
Health outcomes = measurements, useful when we look at the health of a society. We use it to
compare outcomes around the world.
Measuring death in any society = life expectancy (or ALE avg life expectancy). In the US it is
about 78 years.

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If a culture lives a long time and we rank it for best ranking to worst ranking, the long life
expectancy will be Japan, Netherlands, and Europe. We do not have as high life expectancy as
other expect, even when we spend a lot on health care.
Top spot on life expectancy = living long time
Difference between life span and life expectancy = life span is how long a species can live
(which country).
Health outcomes:
2013: chronic Heart Disease,
1900: acute - Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, gastro intestinal diseases
(Check soc 200 lecture)
Chronic diseases we manage with for long term
Die with life style diseases (that come with age)
Risk factors for heart diseases: smoking, obesity, and stress
IMR infant mortality rate great measurement for how they value women and children, if it
has high rates of infant deaths. Death in the first year of the babys life (1st minute, hour, month)
Neonatal IMR death of a baby in one month
Post Neonatal IMR 29th day onward death something wrong in socio environmentally
Even though we have a high health care, there is still a high amount of IMR.
Movie: the business of being born
Maternity care in Europe and Japan is over 80% but less than 8% in the US
It is now based on monetary reasons rather than health reasons for moth the mother and the
child
US also has a high rate of maternity deaths
Midwives were portrayed as very old and only in poor countries
C-section rates have also been increasing

Feb 20
Health outcomes: how populations do in terms of health
LE life expectancy (in mortality)
IMR: infant death in the first year of life
Neo-natal IMR: death at first month of life (28 days)
Post natal-IMR: if baby exceeds 28 days but before 1 year
SIDS [sudden infant death syndrome]: unexplained death
Maternal Mortality rates: If the mother dies within 6 weeks after giving birth
Child Mortality: If child dies after year 1 but before year 5
How birth was done colonial days
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Very non-medicalized

First phase
o Social child birth; communal child birth
o Neighbors were midwives and got reputation by word of mouth
o Much of religion was involved
Second phase of American child birth [1762-1870]
o Movement toward medicalization
o Do not have medicalized birth during this period but the beginning
o European hospital than can predict a few things, making child birth a bit scientific
o American docs were traveling to Europe to learn
o Learned about pain relief
o Midwives were not in on this, they were still doing the health care work while
males were learning
o Puerperal fever docs transferred germs from one birth to another
Third phase [1870-1940]
o Period of the medicalization of child birth
o Docs will clearly state their claims for no midwives
o 1920-25 development of hospitals that are a bit safer. Surgical-hospitals
hospitals actually become places where ppl can survive
o Start to understand diseases and get rid of them
o Midwives are disappearing and births began to be in hospitals

Is pregnancy an illness? You go to doctor, have medication and have insurance for it
Reading:
Demography
Work value
Is work rewarded with money or status or prestige?
Even though women are doing the farming, they are still not very valuable there
When machines are brought in, men get to take control over that
Men, in most societies, will have more access to work for pay means that in their
homes, theyll have more value
As populations increase, men tend to go to those places and take over the money so the
women end up doing the grunt work
If they cant move up at work then they wont be able to politically represent so they
really cant do anything to counter their political weakness
Work has a lot to do with how affective you are politically
Next reading (gender equity)
Looking at 1 political culture: India to look at female autonomy
They want to understand the women who are very vulnerable to the work that men get to
do
Term autonomy means self-direction dont need to be supervised, do whatever you
want
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Questions they asked: married? What age? Age gap between woman and husband
women in the north have a higher age gap than those of the south. Rate of fertility (BPW
Birth per Woman) how many babies are the women having in the north vs. the south.
o In the north since there is a larger age gap, they get married at younger age
which makes her less powerful, higher the rate of babies and higher the rate of
MMR (maternal mortality rate)
Younger age of marriage
Less autonomy = higher rate BPW/fertility
Limited proximity and mobility
Less paid work
More arranged marriages
Dowry can be very dangerous for women in the north. When the family.
She needs to make sons son preference. (Dowry: womans family
gives money to husbands family). Violence that can happen to a woman
and there is dowry that is exchanged, if she displeases the husbands
family, she may be killed dowry death.
When a woman has control over her reproduction, she has autonomy.
She has a say over her future.

In the south they can complete their education, have higher rates of literacy,
little age gap. Women in the south are more likely to work outside the home.
Can work and travel farther
Improvements in the infrastructure ex: lights in the streets,
improvements in the roads

Reading from Nigeria:

When women can get control, they take control
Yoruba (country), when it comes to reproduction, how reproduction is managed should
be done through God, therefore; if she can have a baby, she should have as many as
she can have
If she was not able to have kids, then she must have done something to displease God
Women who can have kids are highly valued than those who cant pronatalist society
Since it is a pronatalist society (want there to be babies), husband can take on more
wives and continue to be reproductive within that family polygamist society
The more kids he can have, the more status. Problem: expensive but he may not give
her the first wife $ as much as the latest wife
Wealth travels down in US (parents have kids and take care of them emotionally and
financially, and dont expect to get $ back which is why they have fewer kids)
In a culture where wealth travels up, the money comes back to the father/family
Grandmother pregnancy - in Yoruba, it is disapproved of and stigmatized if she has kids
and the grandkids. They will get abortions which goes against the belief of God

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Population/demography reading
Demography: study of the characteristics of a population. Reproduction is about birth
and death
One of the most famous theories of population: Demographic Transition Theory as
societies evolve and modernize, they will go through different theories of transitions, the
population will grow then stabilize then shrink. When societies are pre-modern, they
have high birth rates and probably high death rates. When populations modernize,
industrialization generally have high birthrates, but death rates go down this is when
population goes up. When a society is post-modern/industrial, women have more
involvement in the economy, more technology and ability to control reproduction, result =
low births, low deaths
Replacement rate 2.0 women needs to make at least 2 babies to replace the man
and the woman. If it goes below 2.0, then population goes down but if it goes up then itll
be stable and growing. US has 2.1 but in western Europe, it is way below 2.0
Exam:
Videos
Be familiar with IMR, MMR, and mortality death
Gender equity in India: in the reading they use the word agency = autonomy (get a job, go
wherever she wants)
Sample questions: Midwives have also been able to be in hospitals: False
Poor quality = high IMR True
40% babies out of wedlock true
Social propinquity: marry someone who is similar to you similar attract
Lots of questions with all of the above (usually correct)

Mar 6
Movie: Leila and Reza
Father = progressive voice
The characters never touch or kiss because of culture and standards (and movie director)
but it is a romantic movie
Socialization process that begins from birth, how each gender plays certain roles in
certain families
Continuation of family is essential on women and her status. How important it is where men
dominate the social institutions, the place where women can have power is with the amount
of children.
Patriarchy: male dominance in social institutions (like the religious institutions)

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Women gaining autonomy is in how many children they can have because it is something a
man cannot do. Women are going to have status and power for their ability to be
reproductive. Problem when woman cannot have babies.
Patterns of authority clearly established: who is in charged?
Whatever women brought in marriage belonged to men, including the children United
States in the 1800s until the mid-1900s
1839-1895 women rights
When you see women highly engaged in political systems, that is where women will be
affected and will mean that women will be able to hold property and have a voice.
Patriarchal society: value of children is important too
US today kids have become much more valuable (Pronatalism) a lot of money and
resources to them (no work/labor and healthy for them)

Readings:
Structure (in social sciences): the big picture is who is in charge
Social structure: looking at the picture of the function of that society. If one of the institutions
collapses, the house collapses. If families can no longer care for kids, collapse.
Class structure: as part of our social structure.
When you layer people in a structure (caste, slave) some people have more power than
others
Understanding inequality: looking at the gaps of power
In the US (and other countries) when we want to measure inequality we look at wage gaps,
and there certainly is a gap, but it has narrowed a bit.
If a woman has more power in a social structure: decide to work, have fewer kids, who to
marry, when to marry autonomy: power, self-direction
When women can control their reproduction, they will
Certain areas in the world they cant control their fertility and reproduction: northern India
IMR MMR higher where less autonomy and fertility rates are higher because if losing more
babies, then has to make more babies.
Practical and pragmatic concerns more children taking care of them when older
Where women have less autonomy, their relationship with other women will be fragmented
Women in Leila and Reza movie seem modern in talking she has other women to talk
to
When women have fragmented relationships with each other, they dont know how others
have it
Women in south India coalesce more
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Woman risks bringing kids to family brings shame

Patriarchal risk: her understanding that theres a basic level of fertility that she has to
achieve like car insurance or farmers expectation LSF: Level of Safety First woman
wants some boys and have a basic level of fertility (as insurance)

Mar 13
Value: economic, educational and more resources to kids.
Change 5-8 years in Iraq, man can take a woman for a temporary marriage Mutaa (weeks,
months, years). It is being reinstituted as a part of necessity.

Mar 27
Agency book
Shes limited: not educated, doesnt travel, doesnt work outside the house, no sense of where
or how she is, her life is incredibly controlled.
On a loss book
Muslim Dalia friends with Norma Christian.
Speaker:
Violence in the US
Movie: Defending Our Lives
Framingham 8 those women who were telling about the abuse
Battered woman syndrome now known as (gender neutral) battered persons experiences
Kids who witness abusive parent relationship doesnt make them more abusive or less abusive
Women experiencing violence during pregnancy never experienced violence before pregnancy
(pregnancy is a stressor) because the partner feels that attention is taken away
Risk of domestic homicide after pregnancy is increased, most in ages 16-24
Domestic violence shelters are not the same (they are more secretive) than homeless shelter
Karen Evens adopts from China international adoption
Learns that there are a whole lot of girls for adoption learns about a dark history The lost
daughter of China book.
Starts with the one-child policy in the late 70s
It allowed for free birth control and vasectomy and was highly endorsed
It rose the age for legal age for marriage
Birth permission paper: cant have as many kids without sanctions. Govt: one-child = better
child care, monthly subsidies & other benefits, but with more kids would lose these benefits
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She discovers by looking into the history of China and when the one-child policy happens, its
different
Overtime, life expectancy went up, morbidity for diseases went down, more economic powerful
bringing down rate of growth change the construct.
Orphanage: know nothing about the childs history
International adoption popular in US: not that many white babies available, but longer list for
getting the baby, fewer unintended pregnancies, more people wanting babies than before
because more couples are infertile, international: 2-3 months, US: up to 7 years

Apr 3
Tepper award sociology
Politics and economic
Right to abortion has changed according to political whims
Governments and feminists are stepping up to make sure the crimes against women is declining
Problems for men in abusive relationships too because there arent much shelters for men
Two Feet Under Reading:
Purity Ball = fathers and family would get dressed up and give their daughters a ring who
promises to stay a virgin until she gets married.
-10min Maghrib breakBrazil goes in the 60s. While shes there, she realizes how lonely these women are and how
many babies are dying. Feels like the women are callous, women are mourning as normal
people would.
Sociology of the Emotions
Dont expect that all these babies will live
Formula for baby powder but their water was contaminated and dirty. Not allowing mothers to
nurse would not allow the babies to get the immunities
Some of the women who are isolated are sometimes relieved that the fathers arent around
Women will find comfort in each other and bond over losses
Abortion
Shaped by family and religious beliefs
Symbol for women autonomy
Reading motherhood in morality, large study whether or not women supported the right to
abortion; many social characteristics played a big role.
Divided women into pro-life and pro-choice decision

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Pro-life arguments:
The baby deserves a right to live
o Believe life begins at conception. Baby did not ask to be conceived
Pro-choice arguments:
It does not mean pro-abortion
Politically/legally who has an abortion should remain with the woman
o Protects rights of women, autonomy
o She knows best whats right with her
Researchers found:
Pro-life mostly married
Less education
Lower income
More religious/spiritual and how important religion is feel that a life is wasted
Pro-choice not married
More education
More income
More as stake
Americans want abortion to be legal, safe and rare
Core of the debate
Dr. Pincus and Dr. Rock tried to find medication to get pregnant; can we create hormones that
will change the ability in the first place? Dr. Rock was a devout Catholic, this will prevent
abortion. He thought the church will be all for it. However, the Church was against it and babies
will always be welcomed. Then it might mean that women will have control over their behavior
and will have sex before their marriage; sexual freedom.
Jan 22nd 1973 Harriet (justice) wrote the decision for Roe v. Wade. A Woman is constitutionally
protected in constitution with her physician to terminate her pregnancy free of state interference.
Early stage of pregnancy (1st and 2nd) she has complete control but state has control in the 3rd,
up to the point of viability.
Roe v. wade has been challenged many times. Many states have made restrictions.
Women should at least have free decision in the 1st trimester
1st trimester = 12-14 weeks
North Dakota and few choices pro-life are making it harder for women to have abortion by
making it harder for physicians to be providers for abortion because there is violence against
physicians.
Before Roe v. Wade

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Abortion was considered a private matter. She would go to a midwife and get an abortion from
there through various means. She was free and would do what she wants and no one would
really talk about it.
Quickening a point in pregnancy where woman would feel the movement of the baby (15-18
weeks) lets her know that baby is alive. Back then, abortion until quickening.
Physicians didnt like that woman went to midwives for abortions
1900 Almost every state has restriction or no restriction for abortion
Early to mid-1800s it was private
1950s and 1960s civil rights and feminist movements
Men and women believed that govt shouldnt say how large a family should be
The pill came out during the 1960s
*California becomes the first state to legalize abortion Reagan being the governor (republican)
in the 1960s
Magnet state everyone wanted to go there for abortion
States then began to loosen up restrictions
Since a doctor has the ultimate say, he determines whether or not the abortion is legal or illegal
1960s Catholic Priests were writing to different politicians asking for abortion to be legalized and
doctors wouldnt give the pill because theyre not married, they believed its best for the girl and
community.
1973 validimide drug in Europe during the 50s and 60s in a German pharmaceutical company
(never came to US) and it was for morning sickness. Used as sedative and morning sickness.
Physicians found out that women who took that gave birth to children with find like arms.
Pro-life nation: the most restrictive part of the nation.
Some states criminalize abortion
North Dakota 7-8weeks
Men and abortion reading
Over a thousand men are interviewed from NY to Cali
Asked men in clinics who came in waiting room with partners
Research: men are lost, young, unmarried, still in school,
Caroll Gyllegal reading
Men and women emote differently
Women are raised at a young age thinking how other ppl will view them and their family
worried about response
She says its not the same for men, boys are raised thinking practically.

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Hard and soft reasons for abortion: there are more distinction of abortion in men and almost
similar for women.
Hard reason: she calls a strong reason or a good reason. Ex: case of rape or incest, men and
women pretty much agree that abortion is allowed
Another reason: child having disability. If parents dont want a child born with that disability
Soft reason: people dont buy it. Girl doesnt want a baby because she doesnt want to marry the
guy; not a good enough reason; dont want another reason. People believe economic reason is
soft reason.
Europe, Sweden
Asked 75 men who are traveling with wives and partners for abortion, slightly older and more
likely to be married. Men say they support the wifes choice for abortion. They are saying that
they appreciate that they can control and use their right for her reproductive control and that the
men are part of the reason.
Higher education among men = he wont mind if the women chooses abortion. Why: insecurity,
better understanding, more aware of how it plays out and what it means
Patriarchal risk: what does it mean? Beginning of section: all those terms that come underneath,
what happens to women who are under pat. Risk, what will happen to her? She is at greater
risk, because she has no other value than being a mother

Apr 17
Men and abortions
--vigil break
Surrogate speaker
Traditional surrogacy: surrogate uses her own egg (someone elses sperm)
Gestational surrogacy: egg donor donating egg from agency
Altruistic surrogacy: straight to intended parents
Surrogacy isnt legal everywhere:
Cali: its legal and contract is enforceable. Pre-birth orders are legal for all parents
Michigan: its a felony entering into surrogacy agreement commercial or altruistic surrogacy
NY: commercial surrogacy carries civil penalties. Altruistic surrogacy is legal, but contracts are
unenforceable.
Why do women become surrogates?
www.Thedeputyforalimitedtime.blogspot.com

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Apr 24
Poppy (the speaker) is legally the mother
They didnt have to go to any lab or anything complicated and just did it easily
Donorsiblinregistry.com
Older moms tend to use donated eggs. The eggs age along with the woman, not the amount.
Beyond age 35, it becomes more difficult for the woman.
The risk of breast cancer increases with age
Up to 1985 if woman was pregnant and she had breast cancer, the pregnancy had to be
terminated
In Australia if woman had breast cancer and had chemotherapy while pregnant then she had
more hope
Reading Susan Lang:
Normative: expected, something we expect that is normal for our culture.
Childlessness separate by voluntary or involuntary. What she finds is woman that didnt have
children by choice (voluntarily or by choice), the explanations she finds: had a partner but didnt
want a kid with that partner
We have now the ability to render ourselves infertile: vasectomy, and other procedures being
sexual but not reproductive.
Using 3rd parties as reproduction:
Using IVF (in vitro fertilization) isnt always successful
On avg. it costs around $12-15,000
3-4 tries on avg.
Some organizations take only young donors because they're more successful
IVF isnt mostly covered but if it is, the first try only
Some have the 4th one free
Is infertility a disease? Yes, the AMA call it a disease
Success rates of IVF: when a woman is using IVF because of infertility, usually the man is
infertile, the older you are, chances of getting pregnant is lessened
After the age of 43, the success rate becomes less
Very often the physicians will create more than 1 embryo. When a woman is carrying twins or
more, the rates of miscarriage goes up. Doctors suggest a selective reduction where the doctor
aborts embryos to less than the original to one.
Feminists concerns: were making motherhood commercialized; were changing the meaning of
motherhood with the entrance of technology. Ex: pill having sex without reproduction, and IVF
having reproduction without sex.

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Law & order episode:

Cultural lag: when the material part of culture (tech, med, all that we produce and use in a
culture) moves faster than we can catch up to. We have surrogacy and euthanasia (physician
assistant suicide) but we arent in agreement and dont know what to do about it.
This may be a great thing because we can eliminate babies that have disabilities but who
chooses that? And what would those characteristics be?
1985 in NY
Mary Beth White had 2 healthy babies
Baby M
Wife had multiple sclerosis and having a baby can exacerbate it
Got pregnant on 4th try with a baby girl
As Beth tells it, she didnt like the fact that they werent very involved (the family that was
looking for surrogate was going to make $10k for it, at that time surrogacy was very new)
She continues on with the pregnancy but the parents werent very engaged.
During the end of pregnancy, she gives birth when her family and her husband was around
She has the baby girl that is healthy (natural birth)
She convinces them that she wanted to nurse them
She goes into depression; 1) the parents werent there for the baby 2) they dont want her milk
for baby
She starts to get a little crazy like shes going to kill herself and the baby
She asks to see the baby but when the baby comes she sneaks the baby with her family to
Florida
They (the Sterns) get a court order and get the baby back to NJ
The higher court (appellate) and many other courts say that you cannot force the mother to give
up her parental rights; in conclusion she can visit for a little while, for few hours
The Sterns were unhappy with her because she violated the contract
Famous ill-fated surrogacy of all time
She failed the psychological test for the surrogacy but said she still passed
The contract said if the baby had a problem, the Sterns would not take the baby
The Sterns were not infertile

May 1
Fertility Finance
Military wives have become popular users of surrogates the husband is not home anyway and
this can be a job for her
Dont know much about mens health of fertility
Motility for men sperm swimming fast
Subfertility man is temporarily infertile. It is not the same thing as sterile.

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When a baby girl is born, her set of eggs are with her when she is born. Pregnant mothers who
eat a lot of beef while they are pregnant may give a lower sperm count to the male baby born
(up to 25% less)
Fathers age is linked to the childs probability of getting autism or schizophrenia (higher age =
higher chance)
Book: Agent Orange 15k Vietnam vets (60s) and workers filed suits; not only caused harm in
men but in the children they reproduced [Cynthia Daniels]
Long term birth control has been mainly for women
Male birth control pill
Adoption = the permanent and legal transfer of parental rights
Cheaper and quicker to fly to another country and adopt
Woman leaving her parental right varies
Domestic adoption: US and Canada
Trend in international adoption, although rates have lowered in China (was the highest babygivers to the US), and Russia has banned adoption to the US, South Korea is also a country
where US go for adoption.
Home study workers will come and study the couple and the home along with financial history
& more
International adoption: although the process takes time, it is quicker than domestic
US has fewer white babies for adoption and fewer unwanted pregnancies because of changing
role of women, they have higher income and can take care of them or dont have babies in
general

Closed and open adoption (and semi-open adoption)

o Not many closed adoptions anymore
o Get these children out of public agencies/services like foster care; or private
independent agencies

In country there is open and semi-open

Closed adoption no access to who their parents were
Open and semi-open the parties involved will have some relationship in terms of information
going back and forth
Open mothers get to choose where their babies go
Semi adoptive parents get to meet the birth mother and gets info of her and both parties
exchange info. The agencies will also send info around once a year.
Open adoption more communication than semi-adoption. Birth mother is more in the picture.
Now more international adoption: physical distance and complete closed adoption; greater
anonymity, gives adoptive parents more security

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Advantages and disadvantages of the adoptions

Semi: birthparents get closure
If child has medical problem, there would be a good transplant from birth parents
Closed adoption: decision has been made that parties cannot contact each other
International adoption: grown b/c even though there are options getting kids here, we still dont
go get them b/c we think if we adopt children from the adoption centers and foster centers from
here, we think of them as damaged kids.

May 8
Fewer babies for adoption: birth control
Pediatric specialty
Russia: FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome) and the women would be living in dire circumstances
and will have to give up the baby for adoption
Adoption Triangle (give and take of adoption article): women who give up their babies [they
have something that somebody else wants powerful] they tend not to be so powerful
Pregnant girls catholic solution: give the babies away
Great operation baby lift: The US and other countries went to Vietnam which was falling apart,
many adoption agencies went there with planes and lifted thousands of babies to the US and
present them as orphans
Eugenics selective breeding
Therapeutic cloning: copies of stem cells,
Reproductive cloning sci fi, scientific
Using wisdom teeth
Sex selection
Problems with eliminating disability - ?
Human Genome Project: whole human genome sequence create custom drugs
HGP: Evelyn Fox Keller
HGP is slippery slope?
She argues that information, if it falls in the wrong hands, then we may not get the job we want,
there will be people who are superior to others, in whose hands it will fall and the information
can be passed to others no privacy
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1920s Eugenics office

Negative Eugenics keeping people from being able to reproduce
Sterilize people without their knowledge
Positive eugenics what Hitler did with his army, he thought his army was perfect and made
them reproduce
Sterilization is legal in all 50 states
There is voluntary and involuntary
Men can choose to have vasectomy
Involuntary: a person becomes sterilized but not with their awareness or understanding
Shawn cabbage: couldnt get pregnant and eventually becomes pregnant. Doctor calls husband:
the baby is not his and embryo was from another person. Difficult choice: carry the baby?
Terminate someone elses baby? They choose to have the baby. They gave the baby up who
she felt connected to.
Final Exam: same format
Question from each reading
Law and order episode
Test tube baby
Poppy
50 Questions

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