University Of Hormuud

Faculty Of Engineering
Department Of Electrical Engineering
Subject: - Lab 7
Instructor: - Said Osman
Experiment # 1
Experiment name: - Setting up fiber optic analog link
Lab report #1

Submitted by: Abdi Salam Abdullah Mohamed

ID: BT02-049

Thursday, March 12, 2015

1.1 Title: Setting up fiber optic analog link

1.2 Objective: to study 650nm fiber optic analog link. We studied relationship between input
signal and received signal.

1.3 Introduction:
Optical communications is the process of transmitting data from one point to another by the use
of light pulses through an optical fiber. Optical fiber is a waveguide made of very tinny glass
tubes with diameter is of few micrometers. The optical fiber merely applies Total Internal
Reflection principle.
Electrical signal generated by the source should be converted to light pulses for transmission,
therefore optical transmitter is needed to accomplish that job. The most commonly used optical
transmitters are semiconductor devices such as Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Laser Diodes.
In our experiment, we have used an LED transmitter.
An optical fiber is a dielectric waveguide that functions at optical frequencies. This is usually in
a cylindrical wave. It borders the electromagnetic energy in the form of light to within its surface
and guides the light in the direction parallel to its axis.

The simplest fiber optic cable consists of two concentric layers of transparent materials. The
inner portion (the core) carries the light; the outer covering part (the cladding) must have a lower
refractive index than the core so the two of them are made of different materials. To provide
mechanical protection to the cladding, an additional plastic layer, the Primary Buffer is added.
An optical receiver is needed to convert light pulses to electrical signals. The main component
of an optical receiver is a photo detector, which converts light into electricity using the effect. In
our experiment the photo detector is a semiconductor based photodiode.

1.4 Circuit components:

1. Function generator
2. Frequency modulator
3. Pulse width modulator block
LAB report

4. Comparator circuit
5. Low pass filter
6. Phase locked loop
7. AC amplifier

1.5 Circuit Diagram:

1.6 Procedure:
The components firmed the same way as the one portrayed in the circuit diagram. The input is
taken from function generator and the output is analyzed with oscilloscope.

1.7 Result and Discussion

The result become that the margin between the input is expected to be minimum but, because of
some affecting elements the margin rather widened and the result expected is different, the
experiment needs to be repeated to attain to the desired output.

LAB report