Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures,

Phenytoin Inhibits Na, high protein binding, gingival

hyperplasia

Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures,

Carbamazepine Inhibits Na, autometabolism, agranulocytosis, Liver
function test required

Oxcarbazepine Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures,

Inhibits Na, Ca; enhances K, Stevens-Johnson

Phenobarbital Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures,

modulates GABAa receptors, decreases glutamate

Gabapentin Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures,

Decreases Ca, increases GABA, no drug interactions

1
 Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Gaba
Tiagabine uptake inhibitor (GAT-1), high protein binding,
hepatic metabolism

Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures,

Levetiracetam Inhibits delayed K, N-type Ca, negative mod of
GABAa, Free of drug-drug interactions

Partial and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures,

Felbamate Inhibits NMDA, enhances GABA, Aplastic anemia,
Liver function test required

Ethosuximide Absence Seizures, Inhibits T-type Ca

Variety of seizure types, Inhibits Na, T-type Ca,

Valproic acid GABA transaminase, Idiosyncratic hepatoxicity (liver
function test required)

2
 Variety of seizure types, Inhibits Na, glutamate
Lamotrigine release, Partial, Absence, Lennox-Gastaut, Can cause
Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Variety of seizure types, Inhibits Na; enhances

Topiramate GABA, K; AMPA/KA antagonist, Can inhibit
carbonic anhydrase, Can cause metabolic acidosis

Zonisamide Variety of seizure types, Inhibits Na, T-type Ca, weak

carbonic anhydrase

Trazodone Antidepressants, Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT, block

post-synaptic 5-HT2 receptors, causes priapism

Nefazodone Antidepressants, Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT, block

post-synaptic 5-HT2 receptors, inhibits P-450

3
Bupropion Antidepressants, Inhibits DA, 5-HT, and NE uptake
also smoking cessation, OCD; can cause seizures

Antidepressants, α2 antagonist (increased NE and

Mirtazapine 5-HT), H1 receptor antagonist, causes appetite
stimulation

Fluoxetine Antidepressants, SSRIs (can inhibit P-450s,

anorgasmia) can cause akathisia; Prozac

Antidepressants, SSRIs (can inhibit P-450s,

Sertraline anorgasmia), weakly blocks DA uptake, few
drug-drug interactions

Antidepressants, SNRIs, can

Venlafaxine increase blood pressure

4
Amitriptyline Antidepressants, TCAs, also neuropathic pain,
migraines; Blocks 5-HT then NE. Also blocks D2

Antidepressants, TCAs; Secondary

Nortriptyline TCA

Imipramine Antidepressants, TCAs, also pediatric nocturnal

enuresis; Blocks 5-HT then NE

Antidepressants, TCAs, inhibits NE

Desipramine uptake; Secondary TCA

Selegiline Antidepressants, MAOI type b

5
 Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa
Chlordiazepoxide receptors), alcohol withdrawal

Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa

Diazepam receptors), anticonvulsant, alcohol withdrawal,
anxiolytic

Flurazepam Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa

receptors), sleep aid

Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa

Lorazepam receptors), phase II metabolism, alcohol withdrawal,
anxiolytic

Temazapam Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa

receptors), phase II metabolism, sleep aid

6
 Alprazolam Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa
receptors), anxiolytic, short half life

Midazolam Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa

receptors), anterograde amnesia

Flunitrazepam Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa

receptors), Rohypnol

Clonazepam Sedative-Hypnotics, Benzodiazepines (GABAa

receptors), Anticonvulsant, Spasmolytic

Zaleplon Sedative-Hypnotics, Non-benzodiazepines (z-drugs),

bind to BZ1 subtype of benzodiazepine sites; Sonata

7
 Flumazenil Sedative-Hypnotics, Non-benzodiazepines (z-drugs),
benzodiazepine site antagonist

Sedative-Hypnotics, Melatonin receptor agonists,

Melatonin serotonin derivative synthesized and secreted by the
pineal gland

Ramelteon Sedative-Hypnotics, Melatonin receptor agonists,

MT1 (sleepiness) and MT2 (circadian rhythm)

Sedative-Hypnotics, Serotonergic
Buspirone Agents, agonist at 5-HT1a

Sedative-Hypnotics, Over the counter sleep aids,

Diphenhydramine Antihistamines

8
 Sedative-Hypnotics, Spasmolytics,
Baclofen GABAb receptor agonist

Tizanidine Sedative-Hypnotics, Spasmolytics, central α2

adrenergic receptor agonist

Dantrolene Sedative-Hypnotics, Spasmolytics, decreased release

of Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum

Risperidone Atypical antipsychotics, Elevation of prolactin,

extrapyramidal side effects

Clozapine Atypical antipsychotics, Agranulocytosis, improves

cognitive function; binds D2 and D4(x10)

9
 Atypical antipsychotics, Similar to clozapine, binds
Olanzapine D2, D4, and 5-HT2a receptors, improves cognitive
function

Quetiapine, Atypical antipsychotics, Binds 5-HT2a more than

D2, antagonizes H1, α1, α2 (2)
ziprasidone

Antipsychotics; Dopamine system stabilizer, partial

Aripiprazole agonist at D2 and 5HT1a serotonin receptors,
antagonist 5HT2a,

Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, more

Hydromorphone potent than morphine

Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, treatment

Methadone for heroin addiction

10
Meperidine Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, less potent and shorter
duration than morphine

Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, very

Fentanyl potent, short duration

Oxycodone Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, weak like codeine, orally as

analgesic for mild pain

Loperamide Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, highly potent meperidine

analog, controls diarrhea, no CNS penetration

Opiates, Synthetic Drugs,

Naloxone antagonizes all opiates

11
 Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, longer
Naltrexone acting antagonist

Buprenorphine Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, partial agonist at opiate

receptors, antagonizes morphine and heroin

Opiates, Synthetic Drugs, cough

Dextromethorphan suppressant

Parkinson's treatments, direct

L-dopa precursor of dopamine

Carbidopa Parkinson's treatments, peripheral L-aromatic

decarboxylase inhibitor

12
 Parkinson's treatments, 1
Sinemet Carbidopa: 10 L-dopa

Selegiline Parkinson's treatments, MOA B inhibitors, does not

cause hypertensive crisis; Deprenyl

Parkinson's treatments, MOA B

Rasagiline inhibitors

Parkinson's treatments, COMT Inhibitors (prevent

Tolcapone L-dopa breakdown in peripheral tissues), may cause
liver damage

Entacapone Parkinson's treatments, COMT Inhibitors (prevent

L-dopa breakdown in peripheral tissues)

13
 Parkinson's treatments, Dopamine
Amantadine releasing agent

Alzheimer's treatment,
Donepezil Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Alzheimer's treatment, NMDA

Memantine receptor agonist

Inflammation, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic

Methotrexate, Leflunomide drugs (DMARDs), Immunosuppressive agents (2)

Inflammation, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic

Gold preparations drugs (DMARDs), Immunosuppresive agents;
Depresses macrophage activity

14
 Gold sodium Inflammation, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic
drugs (DMARDs), Immunosuppresive agents;
thiomalate Depresses macrophage activity

Inflammation, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic

Etanercept, Infliximab drugs (DMARDs), TNF-alpha blockers (2)

Inflammation, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic

Abatacept drugs (DMARDs), others; Reduces production of
TNF-alpha

Inflammation, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic

Rituximab drugs (DMARDs), others; Depletion of CD20
positive B cells

Anakinra Inflammation, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic

drugs (DMARDs); IL-1 receptor antagonist

15
 Indomethacin Gout, Anti-inflammatory, NSAID

Gout, Anti-inflammatory, binds to

Colchicine tubulin in microtubules

Gout,
Phenylbutazone Anti-inflammatory

Gout, Decreased urate production (inhibit xanthine

Allopurinol, febuxostat oxidase) (2)

Cyclosporine Immunomodulators, Calcineurin inhibitors, inhibits

activation and proliferation of T-cells through IL-2

16
 Tacrolimus Immunomodulators, Calcineurin inhibitors, binds
FKBP-12 more than cyclophilin

Pimecrolimus Immunomodulators, Calcineurin inhibitors, binds

FKBP-12 and inhibits calcineurin

Immunomodulators, Regulators of Cytokine

Sirolimus response, does not inhibit calcineurin--inhibits
mTOR

Leflunomide Immunomodulators, Regulators of Cytokine

response, inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

Daclizumab, Immunomodulators, Monoclonal antibodies used to

treat inflammatory disorders, blocks IL-2, prevents
Basiliximab T-cell activation, transplant rejection (2)

17
 Immunomodulators, Monoclonal antibodies used to
Muromonab treat inflammatory disorders, transplant rejection;
works against epsilon portion of CD3

Immunomodulators, Monoclonal antibodies used to

Infliximab treat inflammatory disorders, anti TNFα for Crohns,
UC, RA, ankylosing spondylitis

Etanercept Immunomodulators, Monoclonal antibodies used to

treat inflammatory disorders, soaks up free TNF

Immunomodulators, Monoclonal antibodies used to

Abatacept treat inflammatory disorders, binds CD80, 86,
blocking their binding to CD28; for RA

Azathioprine Immunomodulators, Purine analog

18
 Immunomodulators, Autoimmune
Methotrexate diseases

Glatiramer Immunomodulators, Similar to myelin basic protein,

used for MS

Immunomodulators, Cytokine
Anakinra antagonist

Reduces amphetamine withdrawal

Bupropion symptoms

Amphetamine treatment, DA
Bromocriptine receptor agonist

19
 Desipramine Amphetamine treatment, TCA

Phenethylamine Stimulants, CNS sympathomimetics;

Phenethylamines; Decongestant, weight loss

Stimulants, ADHD treatments,

Methylphenidate Ritalin

Modafinil Stimulants, Narcolepsy treatments

Gamma Stimulants, Narcolepsy treatments,

also a date-rape drug
hydroxybutyrate

20
 Dronabinol Marijuana analog, THC

Rimonabant Marijuana analog, CB1 antagonist

GI drugs, Mucosal protective agents,

Bismuth subsalicylate Pepto-Bismol

Rabeprazole GI drugs, Proton pump inhibitors; CYP2C19 not

needed for metabolism

Misoprostol GI drugs, Prostaglandin E1 analog; prevention of

gastric ulceration from NSAIDs

21
Metoclopramide GI drugs, Prokinetic agent (D2 antagonist, 5-HT3
antagonists, 5-HT-4 agonist)

GI drugs, Antiemetics, D2 receptor antagonists,

Droperidol postoperative nausea and vomiting; can cause
hypotension, fatal cardiac arrhythmias

GI drugs, Antiemetics, Substance P

Aprepitant antagonist; NK1

GI drugs, Antiemetics, H1
Dimenhydrinate antihistamine

Nabilone GI drugs, Antiemetics, Cannabinoid

22
 Sulfasalazine, Mesalamine GI drugs, IBD (2)

Loperamide GI drugs, Antidiarrheal, opioid

Alosetron GI drugs, Antidiarrheal, 5-HT3 antagonist, For IBS

whose primary manifestation is diarrhea; for women

Dimenhydrinate Autocoids, Biogenic Amines, Antihistamines,

Dramamine, Vertigo

Autocoids, Biogenic Amines, Antihistamines,

Diphenhydramine Benadryl, over the counter sleep aid

23
 Meclizine Autocoids, Biogenic Amines, Antihistamines,
Antivert, Vertigo

Promethazine Autocoids, Biogenic Amines, Antihistamines,

Phenergan, Vertigo

Autocoids, Biogenic Amines,

Fexofenadine Antihistamines, Allegra

Autocoids, Biogenic Amines,

Loratadine Antihistamines, Claritin

Autocoids, Biogenic Amines,

Sumatriptan Triptans, Imirex

24
 Alcohol treatment; Inhibits alcohol
Fomepizole dehydrogenase

Stimulants, CNS sympathomimetics;

Phenylpropanolamine Phenethylamines; Decongestant, weight loss

Alcohol treatment; inhibits aldehyde

Disulfiram dehydrogenase

Naltrexone Alcohol treatment; opiate antagonist; reduces

reinforcing effects of ethanol

Acamprosate Alcohol treatment; analog of GABA, impairs NMDA

receptor function; reduces alcohol cravings

25
 Prophylactic Treatment for
Methysergide Migraines; Ergot alkaloid

Prophylactic Treatment for

Amitriptyline Migraines; TCA

Verapamil Prophylactic Treatment for Migraines; Calcium

channel blocker

Valproic acid Prophylactic Treatment for Migraines; Liver function

test required

Topiramate Prophylactic Treatment for Migraines; can inhibit

carbonic anhydrase; can cause metabolic acidosis

26
 Prophylactic Treatment for
Gabapentin Migraines; No drug interactions

Lithium Antidepressants; inhibits metabolism of inositol

phosphates or inhibits glycogen sythase kinase 3

Autocoids; Prostaglandins; for erectile dysfunction;

Sildenafil absolutely contraindicated in patients taking nitrate
drugs

Alprostadil Autocoids; Prostaglandins; for erectile dysfunction

when the patient is taking nitrate drugs

Hallucinogens; Amphetamine analogs; channel

PCP blocker at the NMDA receptor; similar to ketamine
(anesthetic)

27
 MDMA Hallucinogens; Amphetamine analogs; depletion of
brain 5-HT levels with loss of 5-HT neurons in

(ecstasy) animals

Hallucinogens; Partial agonist at

LSD 5-HT2 receptors

28