Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
After the heating and cooling loads are calculated (refer to course supplements #2 and #3), the heating and cooling
system supply airflow quantities must be calculated. Data from previous heating and cooling load calculation
examples will be utilized to illustrate this process for a multi-zone variable air volume (VAV) system with terminal
reheat.
Room Sizes and Occupancy Levels
Room
Office 1
Office 2
Office 3
Office 4
Conference
Room
Halls
22 x 22
22 x 25
22 x 25
22 x 25
22 x 50
Design
Occupancy
#
2
2
2
2
20
6 x 97
Dimensions
Zone
1
2
3
4
Conference
Rooms
1
2, 3
4
Conf, hall
-1-
Mixing Box
MA
Space / Zone to
be Conditioned
Pre-heat
Coil
VAV
Terminal
Unit with
Reheat
Cooling
Coil
SA at 90 F
SA
at 55 F
2.
Total Heat
3.
Draw a line on the psychrometric chart protractor representing the calculated SHR.
See the psychrometric chart (page 7).
4.
Transfer a parallel line from the protractor to the room air conditions. This represents the condition
line for the space being conditioned. Conditioned air must be supplied to the space at conditions
somewhere on this line in order to offset the heat gain to the space.
See the psychrometric chart (page 7).
5.
Draw a vertical line representing the chosen supply air dry bulb temperature. The intersection of these
two lines represents the required supply air conditions needed to maintain the space at the desired
conditions.
See the psychrometric chart (page 7).
6.
Condition
List known psychrometric conditions of outdoor air, return air, mixed air, and supply air.
mass
(lb/hr)
DBT
( F)
WBT
( F)
RH
%
TH
AH
(BTU/lbda) (lbm/lbda)
SV
(ft3/lbda)
Outside Air
87
62
26.2
30.4
0.0086
16.8
Return Air
76
56
30
25.8
0.0069
16.43
55
46.5
57
20
0.0048
15.7
cfm
Mixed Air
Supply Air
7.
Calculate the amount of supply air required to offset the load of the space (Energy Balance).
Qload= mSA(THRA-THSA)
mSA=( Qload / (THRA-THSA) ) = 85788 BTU/hr / (25.8-20) BTU/lb = 14,791 lb/hr
V = m * SV = 14,791 lb/hr * 15.7 ft3/lb * hr / 60 min = 3870 cfm
8.
Calculate the supply air requirements (SAmax) for each zone and room at peak load
-3-
9.
Evaluate the required amount of outside ventilation air in each room and zone and calculate the outside
air fraction for that room and zone.
OA fraction = OA/SAmax
Room
OA
(cfm)
40
SAmax
(cfm)
621
OA
Fraction
40/621 = 0.064
See attached summary sheet (page 7) for room OA fractions (OA fraction)
Note: The maximum OA fraction occurs in the conference room. Therefore, since all mixing happens at the mixing
box, the minimum outdoor air for the system must be set to accommodate the zone with the highest outdoor air
quantity required. This is the case unless a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) is installed in the conference room
or the conference room air is filtered effectively. For this particular example the minimum outdoor air requirement
is 24% of the total air. We will utilize that value.
10. Calculate the mixed air conditions.
mOA m RA
m MA
m SA
and mass of OA = .24 * mass of supply air = .24(14,791 lb/hr) = 3550 lb/hr
so:
3550 lb/hr
87 F
14,791 lb/hr
OA
78.64 F
MA
14,791 lb/hr
3870 cfm
55 F
SA
RA
11,241 lb/hr
76 F
DBMA = (3550/14,791) * (87 F) + (11,241/14,791) * (76 F)
= 78.64 F
THMA = (3550/14,791) * (30.4 BTU/lb) + (11,241/14,791) * (25.8 BTU/lb)
= 26.90 BTU/lb
11. Complete the psychrometric table values.
Condition
m
(lb/hr)
DBT
( F)
WBT
( F)
RH
%
TH
AH
SV
(BTU/lbda) (lbm/lbda) (ft3/lbda)
Outside Air
3550
87
62
26.2
30.4
0.0086
16.8
Return Air
11,241
76
56
30
25.8
0.0069
16.43
Mixed Air
14,791
78.64
26.90
0.0073
16.49
Supply Air
14,791
55
0.0048
15.7
46.5
57
20
cfm
994
3870
-4-
Remember, the air temperature leaving the AHU is at 55 F and 56% RH (see psychrometric chart). Each reheat coil
(RHC) supplies only sensible heat to this supply air in order to heat the zone. Humidity is not controlled in this
case. Thus, the reheat process follows a SHF = 1.0 line on the psychrometric chart and only the sensible heat loss
will be utilized to size the reheat coil.
Step 1: Draw a line with SHF = 1.0 from current supply air conditions on the psychrometric chart.
See the psychrometric chart (page 7).
Step 2: Plot room air temperature on that line (desired temperature is 70 F)
See the psychrometric chart (page 7).
Step 3: Make assumption about reheat air specific volume and temperature (DB between 90'F and 110'F)
Assume SVrhc = 17.4 ft3/lb @ DB = 109'F (See the psychrometric chart - page 7)
Step 4: Convert design volumetric flow rate (622 cfm) for the zone to a mass flow rate
mrhc = V/SVrhc = 622 ft3/min / 17.4 ft3/lb * 60 min/hr = 2144.8 lb/hr
-5-
Step 5: Solve for the reheated air total heat required to maintain 70'F in zone 1.
Energy Balance Equation: Qload = mrhc(THrhc - THRA)
THrhc = (Qload / mrhc) + THRA = (21,213 BTU/hr / 2144.8 lb/hr) + 23.6 BTU/lb = 33.5 BTU/lb
Step 6: Intersect reheated air total heat with the SHF = 1.0 line to determine reheated air temperature.
DBrhc = 114'F (See the psychrometric chart - page 7)
Step 7: Solve for reheat coil capacity (reheat coil #1).
Qrhc1 = .91 * cfm * (DBrhc - DBSA)
= .91 * 622 * (114 55) = 33,373 BTU/hr
QRHC1 = 33,373 BTU/hr
See attached summary sheet (page 7) for zone reheat coil sizes.
14. Size the Pre-heat Coil (phc)
Qphc = System total air * .91 * (DBSA DBOA)
= 3870 cfm * .91 * (55 - -12) F
Qphc = 151,433 BTU/hr
-6-
-7-