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95
Stress Symptoms:
Structural Equation Modelling
G.S. David Sam Jayakumar and A. Sulthan
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The purpose of this study is to throw light on different types of stress factors, stress symptom and their impact
of stress on college students from three different major disciplines namely Arts, Engineering and Management in
Tiruchirapalli district, Tamil Nadu.Transition of students from school environment to College environment could
cause a psychological, academic and social shock to them, since the educational system has huge differences: the
student will face new methods of teaching, new academic requirements, new type of relations between students
and faculties and even new relations among students themselves. Due to these changes, students can potentially
experience different types of stress that can affect their mental health, social health and their academic achievements.
Stress is one of the main aspects of our modern life, resulted from the rapid changes in human life, so this age
is called the age of stress, students suffer from academic stress resulted from testing, home works and other
college requirements which may exceed their abilities, sometimes the same person suffers from different types of
stress at a same time.
Key words: Students stress, academic factors, non-academic factors, Structural Equation Modelling
A Quarterly Journal
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A Quarterly Journal
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A Quarterly Journal
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Non-Academic
Stress Symptoms
Items
Improper teaching
Lack of information
Scoring marks
Frequent examinations
More academic work
Communication Barriers
Heavy Workload
Inadequate Resources
Poor attendance
Inappropriate specialisation
Inadequate library facilities
Inconvenient accomadation
Introversion
Insufficient time for Recreation
Poor health
Inadequate infrastructure
Homesick
Financial problems
Fear about future
High expectation from parents
Nervous Indigestion
Feeling and anxiety
Drinking and smoking
Breathing problem
Continuous thinking
Trouble in concentration
Counter Medications for relax
Test statistics
Arts
0.879
0.816
0.885
0.815
0.82
0.868
0.857
0.881
0.881
0.867
0.866
0.912
0.893
0.855
0.861
0.853
0.91
0.853
0.823
0.833
0.836
0.855
0.871
0.878
0.88
0.897
0.834
A Quarterly Journal
Engineering
0.851
0.803
0.871
0.774
0.774
0.844
0.846
0.87
0.863
0.779
0.841
0.899
0.895
0.862
0.87
0.839
0.878
0.826
0.777
0.84
0.826
0.849
0.864
0.862
0.869
0.899
0.818
Management
0.903
0.797
0.87
0.846
0.837
0.897
0.858
0.886
0.889
0.897
0.868
0.89
0.883
0.804
0.813
0.815
0.892
0.873
0.89
0.767
0.826
0.86
0.894
0.902
0.903
0.896
0.859
Pooled
0.892
0.836
0.892
0.835
0.85
0.859
0.87
0.889
0.89
0.881
0.875
0.901
0.89
0.844
0.859
0.868
0.911
0.86
0.838
0.841
0.815
0.845
0.848
0.886
0.874
0.883
0.835
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Pooled (n=401)
Mardias Skewness
Arts
(n=209)
Engineering
(n=76)
Management
(n=116)
16,180.884*
15,269.426*
5,604.495*
5,832.196*
Mardias Kurtosis
5.332*
7.565*
1.642
-2.839*
Henze-Zirkler
4.678*
4.861*
1.584*
1.434*
Gender
Age
Members
Degree
Problems
Category
Male
Discipline
Arts
(n=209)
Engineering
(n=76)
Management
(n=116)
Pooled
(n=401)
58(27.75)
43 (56.57)
69(59.48)
170(42.39)
Female
151(72.24)
33(43.42)
47(40.51)
231(57.60)
above21
128(61.24)
46(60.520)
71(61.20)
245(61.09)
below21
81(38.75)
30(39.47)
45(38.79)
156(38.90)
below5
143(68.42)
42(55.26)
71(61.20)
256(63.84)
above5
66(31.57)
34(44.73)
45(38.79)
145(36.16)
UG
135(64.59)
47(61.84)
69(59.48)
251(62.59)
PG
74(35.40)
29(38.15)
47(40.51)
150(37.40)
Headache
Muscular tension
Chest pain
Fatique
Not applicable
121(57.89)
33(43.42)
55(47.41)
209(52.12)
46(22.01)
22(28.94)
26(22.41)
94(23.44)
1(0.47)
4(5.26)
4(3.44)
9(2.24)
32(15.31)
16(21.05)
28(24.13)
76(18.95)
9(4.30)
1(1.31)
3(2.58)
13(3.24)
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Table-4: Multi-dimensional effect of Academic and Non Academic factors on Stress symptoms of Arts students
Independent
Indicators
Dependent
Improper teaching
Constructs
name
Academic
1.623
0.224
0.678
7.235
Lack of information
1.499
0.198
0.73
7.563
Scoring marks
0.814
0.139
0.5
5.867
1.17
0.192
0.526
6.091
0.731
0.152
0.389
4.805
Communication Barriers
1.683
0.223
0.725
7.532
Heavy Workload
1.058
0.186
0.481
5.695
Inadequate Resources
1.276
0.169
0.731
7.567
Poor attendance
0.946
0.15
0.55
6.298
1.07
0.185
0.491
5.786
0.556
0.586
Introversion
0.199
0.164
0.094
1.211
0.226
0.647
0.13
0.42
4.994
Poor health
0.451
0.127
0.285
3.551
Inadequate infrastructure
1.104
0.168
0.602
6.59
Home sick
0.465
0.149
0.247
3.116
0.002
Financial problems
1.858
0.248
0.744
7.499
Job
1.427
0.198
0.689
7.196
Frequent examinations
Inappropriate specialisation
Inadequate library facilities
Inconvenient accommodation
Non
Academic
Physical stress
Emotional stress
Behavioural stress
Indicators
Nervous Indigestion
0.8
0.204
0.318
3.921
Academic
0.883
0.261
0.619
3.384
Non Academic
-0.662
0.252
-0.481
-2.632
0.008
Academic
-0.05
0.101
-0.08
-0.498
0.619
Non Academic
0.096
0.104
0.16
0.928
0.353
Academic
-0.29
0.179
-0.499
-1.621
0.105
Non Academic
0.111
0.144
0.199
0.773
0.44
Physical stress
Breathing problem
0.628
0.103
0.153
0.069
0.672
0.501
0.335
Continuous thinking
0.591
0.438
0.151
1.35
0.177
Trouble in concentration
2.331
0.732
0.638
3.186
0.001
Emotional stress
Behavioural stress
0.312
RMR=.213 GFI=.530 AGFI=.447 PGFI=.450 RMSEA=.207LL (RMSEA) =.201 UL(RMSEA) 90=.214 PCLOSE=.000
A Quarterly Journal
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Table-5: Multi-dimensional effect of Academic and Non Academic factors on Stress symptoms of Engineering students
Independent
Indicators
Dependent
Improper teaching
Constructs
name
Academic
5.93
9.458
0.406
0.627
0.531
4.473
7.218
0.322
0.62
0.535
-1.047
2.204
-0.092
-0.475
0.635
Frequent examinations
1.705
3.163
0.13
0.539
0.59
7.123
11.294
0.481
0.631
0.528
Communication Barriers
5.412
8.63
0.407
0.627
0.531
Heavy Workload
7.955
12.613
0.482
0.631
0.528
11.462
18.023
0.783
0.636
0.525
Poor attendance
8.045
12.686
0.611
0.634
0.526
Inappropriate specialisation
4.698
7.595
0.313
0.619
0.536
0.083
0.538
7.794
0.327
0.342
2.43
0.015
Lack of information
Scoring marks
Inadequate Resources
Non Academic
Introversion
Insufficient time for Recreation
0.23
0.263
0.113
0.873
0.383
Poor health
0.775
0.278
0.405
2.792
0.005
Inadequate infrastructure
0.716
0.299
0.336
2.394
0.017
2.05
0.518
0.853
3.956
0.923
0.374
0.348
2.466
0.014
Home sick
Financial problems
Job
0.309
0.359
0.112
0.862
0.389
-0.831
0.347
-0.335
-2.393
0.017
Academic
-1.042
3.089
-0.076
-0.337
0.736
Non Academic
-0.385
0.415
-0.177
-0.928
0.353
Academic
-3.567
6.021
-0.331
-0.592
0.554
Non Academic
-0.664
0.375
-0.391
-1.772
0.076
Academic
0.308
1.039
0.077
0.297
0.767
Non Academic
-0.333
0.306
-0.528
-1.09
0.276
Physical stress
0.748
0.063
0.169
0.057
0.373
0.624
-0.131
0.246
-0.084
-0.531
0.597
0.445
0.261
0.286
1.707
0.088
0.288
-2.652
2.449
-0.599
-1.083
Physical stress
Emotional stress
Behavioural stress
Indicators
Nervous Indigestion
Breathing problem
Feeling and anxiety
Emotional stress
Continuous thinking
Trouble in concentration
Drinking and smoking
Behavioural stress
0.709
-
0.279
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Table-6: Multi-dimensional effect of Academic and Non Academic factors on Stress symptoms of Management students
Independent
Indicators
Dependent
Constructs
name
Improper teaching
Academic
7.099
6.822
.658
1.041
.298
Lack of information
6.067
5.837
.628
1.039
.299
Scoring marks
2.330
2.382
.271
.978
.328
Frequent examinations
3.824
3.763
.391
1.016
.310
4.717
4.593
.466
1.027
.304
Communication Barriers
5.828
5.628
.560
1.035
.300
Heavy Workload
6.794
6.548
.595
1.038
.299
Inadequate Resources
6.086
5.853
.637
1.040
.298
Poor attendance
4.776
4.648
.470
1.028
.304
Inappropriate specialisation
1.780
2.023
.166
.880
.379
1.000
.108
1.000
.114
Introversion
2.326
2.468
.225
.943
.346
2.438
2.463
.303
.990
.322
Poor health
1.824
1.908
.241
.956
.339
Inadequate infrastructure
3.540
3.546
.325
.998
.318
Home sick
3.859
3.826
.361
1.009
.313
Financial problems
8.551
8.197
.743
1.043
.297
Inconvenient accommodation
Constructs
Non Academic
Job
7.502
7.207
.639
1.041
.298
1.585
2.006
.129
.790
.429
Academic
1.313
1.918
.175
.684
.494
Non Academic
-3.675
3.800
-.492
-.967
.333
.913
1.826
.095
.500
.617
Non Academic
-3.875
4.033
-.407
-.961
.337
Academic
-.030
1.467
-.003
-.020
.984
Non Academic
-.022
1.520
-.002
-.014
.989
Physical stress
1.000
.642
.156
.197
.109
.790
Emotional stress
1.000
.733
-.037
.159
-.029
-.236
.814
.365
.154
.290
2.366
.018
1.000
.707
-.871
.187
-.563
-4.654
Physical stress
Emotional stress
Academic
Behavioural stress
Indicators
Nervous Indigestion
Breathing problem
Feeling and anxiety
Continuous thinking
Trouble in concentration
Drinking and smoking
Behavioural stress
GFI=8.609
AGFI=.541
PGFI=.518
RMSEA=.144
A Quarterly Journal
.430
-
S C M S J o u r n a l o f I n d i a n M a n a g e m e n t , July - September, 2 0 1 3
A Quarterly Journal
106
S C M S J o u r n a l o f I n d i a n M a n a g e m e n t , July - September, 2 0 1 3
107
Table-7: Pooled analysis of Multi-dimensional effect of Academic and Non Academic factors on Stress symptoms among
Independent
Indicators
Dependent
Improper teaching
Constructs
name
Academic
2.405
.363
.710
6.621
0.00
2.087
.316
.701
6.601
0.00
.827
.171
.333
4.844
0.00
Frequent examinations
1.398
.247
.447
5.654
0.00
1.073
.211
.363
5.096
0.00
Communication Barriers
2.162
.331
.671
6.530
0.00
Heavy Workload
1.473
.261
.446
5.651
0.00
Inadequate Resources
1.623
.261
.571
6.226
0.00
Poor attendance
1.773
.215
.414
5.458
0.00
Inappropriate specialisation
1.392
.264
.386
5.267
0.00
1.000
.356
1.000
.367
Introversion
.627
.194
.203
3.239
.001
.532
.154
.221
3.467
0.00
Poor health
.609
.156
.259
3.899
0.00
Inadequate infrastructure
1.548
.265
.543
5.833
0.00
Home sick
1.036
.223
.336
4.638
0.00
Financial problems
2.295
.374
.639
6.128
0.00
Job
2.220
.359
.669
6.191
0.00
.859
.240
.230
3.573
0.00
Academic
.924
.326
Non Academic
-.855
-.317
Academic
1.109
.761
Lack of information
Scoring marks
Inconvenient accommodation
Non Academic
Physical stress
Emotional stress
Behavioural stress
Indicators
Nervous Indigestion
Non Academic
.495
.565
Academic
-.097
-.532
Non Academic
1.000
1.151
Physical stress
.026
.031
.034
.822
Breathing problem
Feeling and anxiety
Emotional stress
Continuous thinking
Trouble in concentration
Drinking and smoking
Behavioural stress
1.000
.860
.104
.086
.071
1.203
.229
.377
.130
.269
2.905
.004
1.000
.200
-6.332
3.218
-.827
-1.968
A Quarterly Journal
.411
-
.049
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A Quarterly Journal
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A Quarterly Journal