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2010KENYA OF
INSTITUTE OF HIGHWAY AND
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING
LECTURE NOTES: HYDRAULICS YEAR
2
By M. K. Aiyabei
COURSE OBJECTIVES: 2
COURSE OUTLINE: 3
TEACHING STRATEGIES
..........................................................................................................................6
ASSESSMENT ……………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
REFERENCE BOOKS
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……………6
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 7
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 8
CHAPTER TWO-
DIPLOMA IN CIVIL FLUID
ENGINEERING/DIPLOMA IN PRESSURES
Civil Engineering is the oldest branch of Engineering and it involves planning, design,
construction and maintenance of structures such as bridges, roads, canals, dams, tunnels and
multi-storeyed buildings.
For Civil engineers to design, construct and maintain the above, Fluid mechanics is essential.
Hydraulics is a sub branch of Fluid mechanics and is the study of the flow of liquids (usually
water).
Therefore the course introduces the trainee to:
1. The basic principles of fluid mechanics with emphasis on the ability to formulate
equations for varied conditions of flow and subsequent application of these equations in
solving hydraulic problems in design.
2. The basic components of the hydrologic cycle with a view to creating awareness of the
necessity of water resources for industrial as well as domestic needs and development.
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
The main objectives of this subject are to help the trainee to:
1) Use various units of measurement for the various entities in the discipline.
2) Understand and interpret the behaviour of liquids under different conditions of flow.
3) Determine forces exerted on hydraulic structures
4) Design water pipes and open channels for given flow to satisfy both economical and
functional requirements
5) Know basic pumps, pumping and design parameters of pumps and power turbines.
6) Explain the Hydrological cycle, its main components and appreciate the necessity of
water resources in development.
COURSE OUTLINE:
10 INTRODUCTION:
1.1 Units of measurements
1.2 Properties of fluids
30 HYDROSTATICS:
3.1 Definition of hydrostatics
3.2 Pascal’s law
3.3 Derivation of equations for total pressure and centre of pressure on plane
surfaces.
3.4 Derivation of equations for total pressure on curved surfaces
3.5 Calculation of forces on regulating gates
3.6 Problems
40 HYDRODYNAMICS:
4.1 Definition of hydrodynamics and other basic terms
4.2 Types of flow in pipes and open channels
4.3 Derivation of equations
4.4 Calculations involving the steady flow equations.
4.5 Derivation of equations for forces exerted by moving liquids
4.6 Problems solving on forces exerted by moving liquids on plane surfaces.
100HYDROLOGY-PRECIPITATION.
10.1 Hydrology cycle
10.2 Measurement of rainfall
10.3 Determination of areal rainfall
10.4 Rainfall losses
TEACHING STRATEGIES:
TEACHING:
• 2 hours contact per week
ASSESSMENT:
Students are assessed in the following ways:
• Assignments = 5%
Total = 100%
REFERENCE BOOKS:
CHAPTER ONE