Models Env Corr

Landmark Graphics Corporation
PetroWorks Data Preparation
Environmental Corrections
Overview
Logging tools are designed to acquire data under a wide variation of
borehole conditions. Factors in the borehole environment, such as hole
size and mud properties, significantly affect logging measurements. For
reasons of consistency, logging companies may not attempt to
compensate for the effects of the borehole environment while logging.
Instead, a log analyst or petrophysicist will later use correction
algorithms to correct the log curves to better reflect the physical
properties of the formation.
This chapter contains the procedures for using the Environmental
Corrections application to correct these environmental corrections.
About This Chapter

This chapter consists of the following major sections:
Making Environmental Corrections (page 8) provides an overview
of the process of making environmental corrections and gives a general
workflow.
Interacting with Wellbore Parameter Editor (page 11) tells you how
to use WPE to set petrophysical parameters for making environmental
corrections.
Gamma Ray (page 13) contains the procedure for setting parameters
to correct logs made with gamma ray devices.
Dual Induction (page 18) contains the procedure for setting
parameters to correct logs made with dual induction focused log
devices.
LWD Induction (page 24) contains the procedure for setting
parameters to correct logs made with the Sperry-Sun EWR-PHASE 4
tool.
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Overview
Laterolog (page 29) contains the procedure for setting parameters to

correct logs made with laterolog resistivity devices.
Microresistivity (page 34) contains the procedure for setting
parameters to correct logs made with microresistivity devices.
Neutron (page 38) contains the procedure for setting parameters to
correct logs made with neutron devices.
Density (page 48) contains the procedure for setting parameters to
correct logs made with formation density log devices.
Pulsed Neutron (page 51) contains the procedure for setting
parameters to correct logs made with TMD pulsed neutron devices.
Spectral Gamma Ray (page 56) contains the procedure for setting
parameters to correct logs made with spectral gamma ray devices.
EPT (page 59) contains the procedure for setting parameters to correct
logs made with Electromagnetic Propagation Log devices.
Processing the Model (page 64) contains the procedure for processing
petrophysical parameters to make environmental corrections.
Input and Output Curves (page 65) contains a listing of all input and
output curves used in the Environmental Corrections application.
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Overview
New Features for PetroWorks
Landmark
Making Environmental Corrections

Interpreters can use two PetroWorks utilities, Curve Smoothing
(Smoothing Curves on page 77) and Temperature Curve Creation
(Creating a Temperature Curve on page 70), and one processing
application, Environmental Corrections, to account for environmental
conditions.
For example, a Gamma Ray tool measures incident gamma rays from
down hole formations. Gamma rays are attenuated by the amount of
mass between the formation and the tool. As a consequence, the
recorded API count rates from a particular formation will be less if the
mud weight is increased, the hole diameter increases or if the well is
cased. If we were to use uncorrected gamma ray measurements to
calculate a shale volume, or sand count, the answers would vary
depending on the hole diameter, mud weight, or amount of casing in the
borehole, clearly an undesirable effect if the computation is performed
on multiple wells across a reservoir. The gamma ray environmental
corrections, given the proper borehole environment, will correct the
measurement as if it had been recorded in an eight inch borehole, filled
with 10 lb mud. Similarly, for other measurements, the routines attempt
to correct the original measurement for the original borehole
acquisition environmental conditions back to some standard
environmental conditions.
With the Environmental Corrections application, you can make over
150 different types of corrections to your curve data. You can even
correct composite curves.
Corrections, which are based on company and correction type, are
available for Gearhart, Halliburton, Schlumberger, Sperry Sun, Welex,
and Western Atlas tools. The correction routines have been supplied
largely as software libraries from the service companies themselves;
however, some of the older routines have been derived from digitization
and curve fitting of correction charts.
You will use the Wellbore Parameter Editor to define the parameters
used in the corrections (for more information, see Editing Wellbore
Parameters on page 70 of the PetroWorks/LogEdit Well Data
Management and Editing manual). After you have performed the
desired corrections, the new curve is output to the database. Output
curves are spliced into curves having the same name. (For a fuller
understanding of curve splicing, see Auto-Splicing on page 35 of the
Introduction to PetroWorks Family of Products manual.)
Making Environmental Corrections: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
In its current state, the data model cannot read all run parameters from
the database; therefore, curves that have not been verified are outlined
in red and parameters that must be verified for these curves are outlined
in yellow.
The history file associated with this application keeps track of the wells
and curves that are included in this run session when you exit the
application. Upon re-entry, these same wells and curves are
automatically selected and included in the Environmental display.
Currently, run parameter information for each curve is not part of the
history file.
The diagram below provides a conceptual view of the Environmental
Corrections interpretive model.
Enter Environmental
Corrections
Select wells, depth units, depth range, sample interval, and

processing direction.
Invoke Wellbore Parameter Editor.
Select parameters and curves.
Save the Wellbore Parameter Editor session.
Process the data in Environmental Corrections.
Check the results with Single Well Viewer or other utilities.
Enter another
application or
exit OpenWorks.
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Making Environmental Corrections
Landmark
Before You Start

Before you begin working in Environmental Corrections, you need to
set up some program preferences and prepare your data for processing.
See Before You Start on page 15 of the PetroWorks Basic Interpretive
Applications manual to review how to set your project preferences and
prepare your data.
Once you have completed your preparatory work, you can access
Environmental Corrections from the PetroWorks Command Menu by
selecting Data Prep > Environmental Corrections.
The Environmental Corrections window appears. See Processing on
page 16 of the PetroWorks Basic Interpretive Applications manual for
general instructions on using this window.
Workflow
Environmental Corrections works in tandem with Wellbore Parameter
Editor. The general work flow is
1. Select wells, depth units, depth range, sample interval, and
processing direction in the Environmental Corrections window.
2. Invoke Wellbore Parameter Editor from the Environmental
Corrections window.
3. Select parameters and curves.
4. Save your WPE session.
5. Return to Environmental Corrections to process the data.
6. Check the results with Single Well Viewer or other utilities.
10
Making Environmental Corrections: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Interacting with Wellbore Parameter Editor

Once you have chosen your wells, units, depths, and processing
direction, invoke the WPE from within the Environmental Corrections
window.
Why are some Wellbore Parameter Editor cells greyed out?
To assist you in efficiently using WPE, parameters that you cannot change or that
are not neededon the basis of the logic parameters you selectare greyed out.
Setting Petrophysical Parameters

WPE is set up so that when you select the logic switches needed to
obtain the output curves you desire, many unnecessary parameters are
greyed out. These visual clues help guide you in efficiently entering
other required values. For this reason it is imperative that you make
your logic and algorithm choices first. Be sure to switch off any logic
choices you dont require for the output curves you need.
The parameter groups for Environmental Corrections are
R2003.12.1
General (parameters for Tool)

Gamma Ray (parameters for Tool, Borehole, and Casing)
Dual Induction (parameters for Tool and Microresistivity)
LWD Induction (parameters for Tool and Borehole)
Laterolog (parameters for Tool and Microresistivity)
Microresistivity
Neutron (parameters for Tool, Process Selection, Borehole, and
Casing)
Density
Pulsed Neutron (parameters for Tool, Borehole, and Casing)
Spectral Gamma Ray
EPT (parameters for Tool, Borehole, and Formation)
Input Curves
Output Curves
Environmental Corrections: Interacting with Wellbore Parameter Editor
11
Landmark
Selecting Input Curves

The required input curves are automatically sensitized and set to default
curve names. You many use these curves or select other curves.
Select Curve...
Remember you can use Select Curve... (click MB3 after selecting a cell or column
in WPE) to help you input existing curve names. You can display just those logs
that are common to all wells, or you can display all curves in all wells.
Environmental Corrections does not use Curve Aliases.

Except for Temperature curves, the Environmental Corrections application does not
use curve aliases. Unlike interpretation models, which use data that has already
been processed to remove equipment related issues, Environmental Corrections is
intended for curves that have not been already processed to remove equipment
issues. Environmental Corrections input curves are therefore different from input
curves for interpretive models and should not share curves with the interpretation
models. Consequently, the Environmental Corrections application does not use the
aliases mechanism.
Specifying Output Curves

Output curves are automatically sensitized based other parameter
selections and are set to default names. You may use these defaults or
select other names. Some output curves may not be calculated due to
the lack of an input curve or as the result of certain logic and parameter
entries. In such instances, output curves are greyed out.
Other output curves are intended to be used as diagnostic tools to allow
for comparison of results with those in the chart books. These are set by
default to no but are sensitized and can be changed to yes.
Some output curves are generated as inputs to other calculations, and
you may not wish to save these to the database. In these cases, be sure
that the Write Flag is set to no.
12
Interacting with Wellbore Parameter Editor: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Gamma Ray
Gamma ray logging devices detect radioactive materials (Potassium40, Thorium-232, and Uranium-238) in the formation. Gamma rays
detected are attenuated by such materials as borehole fluid, cement, and
casing. The Gamma Ray environmental correction adjusts the gamma
ray activity to correct for tool position, hole size, and fluid density.
Using Sperry Sun Corrections

Gamma Ray corrections are typically calculated as follows:
GRC = GR * correction factor
However, Gamma Ray corrections for Sperry Sun tools are calculated
as follows:
GRC = (correction factor * (GR - GR_Kcl))
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Gamma Ray
13
Landmark
Gamma Ray Corrections

Legend:
required input curves and parameters
Casing
Parameters
Output curve
Welex
Sperry Sun
Gearhart
Baker Atlas
Select one of these tool types:

(ability to set remaining parameters
depends on the tool type you choose)
Halliburton
Tool and
Borehole
Parameters
GR
Schlumberger
Input curve
optional parameters
Select GR tool position

Select borehole fluid
Select mud additive
Select borehole diameter input type
Select mud weight
Borehole diameter (global)
Concentration KCl
Select hole casing type: open/cased
Casing diameter
Casing thickness
Casing weight
Casing density
Cement weight
Inner casing? no/yes
Inner casing string diameter
Inner casing string casing thickness
Inner casing string casing weight
Inner casing string cement weight
Corrected Gamma Ray
Input Curves
14
Input gamma ray
Gamma Ray: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
General -- Tool
1. Run pass? Select yes.
Processing the Correction
The Run pass? parameter does not actually process the correction; it merely
enables you to begin selecting parameters for a correction. To process the
correction, select Process in WPE.
Gamma ray -- Tool and Borehole

1. Do gamma ray corrections? Select yes.
2. GR tool type:
Schlumberger 1 11/16 in
Schlumberger 3 5/8 in (default)
Halliburton 11/16 in
Halliburton 3 3/8 in
Halliburton 3 3/4 in
Halliburton 4 in
Halliburton HGR
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Sperry Sun DGR 4 3/4 in
Sperry Sun DGR 8 in
Sperry Sun HF-DGR
Sperry Sun Solar-175 4 3/4 in
Sperry Sun Solar-175 6 1/2 in
Sperry Sun MGP
Welex
3. GR tool position. In some cases the gamma ray tool is run with the
tool in contact with the borehole wall. In other cases it is run with a
resistivity log that is centered, with the gamma ray tool centered in
the tool. Standoff is specified by a switch set to one of the
following:
eccentered (default)
centered
4. Borehole fluid. This parameter can be set only when a Baker Atlas
or Gearhart tool has been selected. Choose one of the following:
R2003.12.1
15
Landmark
liquid (default)
oil
air
5. Mud additives. This parameter can be set only when a

Schlumberger tool has been selected. Choose one of the following:
natural (default)
barite
hematite
6. Borehole diameter input:
parameter
curve
7. Mud weight. Enter a value in the Value field.

8. Borehole Diameter. Enter a value in the Value field.
9. Concentration KCl. Enter a value in the Value field.
Gamma ray -- Casing

1. Hole casing type:
open. If you select this casing type, no other parameters in this

group can be set. You have completed gamma ray parameter
selection.
cased. If you select this casing type, the next five parameters
become active and may be set. Go to step 2.
2. Choose one of the following:
16
If you have selected a Halliburton tool, go to step 3.

If you have not selected a Halliburton tool, go to step 8.
Gamma Ray: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
3. Has inner casing.
no (default). Go to step 8.
yes. The following four parameters become active. Go to step 4.
4. Inner casing string diameter. Enter a value in the Value field.

5. Inner casing string casing thickness. Enter a value in the Value
field.
6. Inner casing string casing weight. Enter a value in the Value field.
7. Inner casing string cement weight. Enter a value in the Value field.
8. Casing diameter. Enter a value in the Value field.
9. Casing thickness. Enter a value in the Value field.
10. Casing weight. Enter a value in the Value field.
11. Casing density. Enter a value in the Value field.
12. Cement weight. Enter a value in the Value field.
Output Curves
Borehole correction factor
Chart References
R2003.12.1
Source
HLS Log Interpretation Charts (1991), p. 49, no. GR-1
Title
Open Hole Environmental Corrections
Tool
Gamma Ray
Charts
Borehole Corrections, Open Hole Corrections
17
Landmark
Dual Induction
The Dual Induction Focused Log is used in situations where the
formation is deeply invaded by mud filtrate. For the invasion correction,
the formation signal is split into the invaded and undisturbed zones:
CILD = GCM + GxoCxo + GtCt
CILM = GmCm + GrxoCxo + GtCt
RSR = JmRm + JxoRxo + JtRt
Where:
Rm = Mud resistivity at formation temperature
Rxo = Invaded zone
Rt = Undisturbed zone
J = Pseudo geometrical factor of the shallow resistivity device
The invasion correction is the solution of the unknowns Rxo, Rt, and Di.
A correction for deep induction resistivity and the Rxo / Rt ratio is also
calculated. Mud, mud filtrate, and mudcake resistivities are corrected to
formation temperature. Formation temperature is used to correct the
filtrate resistivity (Rmf).
Using Schlumberger Tool Corrections

The dual induction invasion charts include separate entries for the
Schlumberger 2a, 2b, and 2c charts. The 2b chart is to be used if the
expected Rxo/Rm ratio is about 100. The 2a chart is to be used if the
expected ratio is about 20 and the shallow tool is an LL8. The 2c chart
is to be used if the expected Rxo/Rm ratio is about 20 and the shallow
tool is an SFL.
The Schlumberger 2a, 2b, 2c invasion charts input a deep, medium, and
shallow, and they output only a true resistivity and invasion diameter.
Rxo is not calculated by the environmental correction libraries provided
by Schlumberger, hence those outputs are desensitized when a 2a, 2b,
or 2c chart is chosen.
The libraries that Schlumberger has provided to calculate the borehole
corrections for the LL8 shallow laterolog tool appear to produce
corrections that are about 10% to 20% smaller than those derived from
the Rcor-1 chart in the Schlumberger chart book.
18
Dual Induction: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Dual Induction Corrections
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Sperry Sun
Welex
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Sperry Sun
Welex

Halliburton
Deep induction resistivity

Medium induction resistivity
Shallow induction resistivity
Microresistivity resistivity
Do dual induction borehole
corrections?
Do dual induction invasion
corrections?
Halliburton
Tool
Parameters
optional parameters
Schlumberger
Input Curves
Schlumberger
Legend:
Select invasion correction chart

Select shallow tool type
Do microresistivity borehole
corrections?
Output curves
R2003.12.1
Select induction standoff source

Enter Schlumberger standoff
Enter Baker-Atlas standoff
Enter induction standoff value
Enter mudcake thickness input source
Select focused log guard size
Enter borehole diameter input
Enter mud resistivity
Enter mud resistivity temperature
Enter mudcake resistivity
Enter mudcake resistivity temperature
Enter bit size
Enter borehole diameter
Induction true resistivity
Induction flushed resistivity
Induction invasion diameter
Corrected deep induction resistivity
Corrected medium induction
resistivity
Corrected shallow induction
resistivity
Corrected microresistivity
Environmental Corrections: Dual Induction
19
Landmark
Input Curves
Deep induction resistivity

Medium induction resistivity
Shallow induction resistivity
General -- Tool
Dual induction -- Parameters

1. Do dual induction borehole corrections? Select yes.
2. Do dual induction invasion corrections? Select yes.
3. Dual induction tool type:
Schlumberger DIS-DB (default)

Schlumberger DIS-EA
Halliburton HRI
Halliburton HDIL
Halliburton DIL
Halliburton DILT
Baker Atlas
Gearhart LL3
Gearhart HRI
Welex HDIL
Welex DILT
4. Invasion correction chart:
20
Schlumberger 2 (default)
Schlumberger 3
Schlumberger 5
Schlumberger 10
Halliburton Induction/MSF Combination
Halliburton DIL-5
R2003.12.1
Baker Atlas
5. Shallow tool type:
Schlumberger LL8 (default)

Schlumberger SFL
Baker Atlas focused log. When you select this option, you must
also set the Baker Atlas focused log guard size parameter in
step 13.
Baker Atlas short normal
6. Do microresistivity borehole corrections?
yes
no (default)
7. Microresistivity tool type:
Schlumberger MSFL (default)

Schlumberger MGRD
Halliburton MSFL
Halliburton MGRD
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Welex
8. Induction standoff source:
fixed standoff (default)

centered
eccentered
9. Schlumberger standoff. This parameter can be set only when a

Schlumberger tool has been selected. Enter a value in the Value
field.
10. Baker-Atlas standoff. This parameter can be set only when a BakerAtlas tool has been selected. Enter a value in the Value field.
11. Induction standoff. Enter a value in the Value field.
R2003.12.1
21
Landmark
12. Mudcake thickness input. This parameter can be set only when a
Halliburton, Gearhart, or Welex microresistivity tool type has been
selected. Choose one of the following:
calculate bit size from borehole diameter

input from curve
13. Baker Atlas focused log guard size. This parameter becomes active
only when you select the Baker Atlas focused log (step 5):
2 inches (default)
7 inches
14. Borehole diameter input. This parameter can be set only when a
parameter (default)
curve
15. Mud resistivity. Enter a value in the Value field.

16. Mud resistivity temperature. Enter a value in the Value field.
17. Mudcake resistivity. Enter a value in the Value field.
18. Mudcake resistivity temperature. Enter a value in the Value field.
19. Bit size. Enter a value in the Value field.
Output Curves
22
Induction true resistivity

Induction flushed resistivity
Induction invasion diameter
Corrected deep induction resistivity
Corrected medium induction resistivity
Corrected shallow induction resistivity
R2003.12.1
Process Outputs
Off-chart flag (Schlumberger only)

Geometric factor deep (All but Baker Atlas)
Geometric factor medium
Scaled shallow resistivity
Shallow correction factor
Rim / Rid ratio
Ris / Rid ratio
Rxo / Rt ratio
Rt / Rd ratio
Chart References
The Halliburton without Rxo invasion chart uses the deep, medium, and
shallow resistivities rather than the deep, medium, and microresistivity
as is the case with Halliburton Desktop Petrophysics application. The
behavior of the EC model is the correct one.
The Halliburton induction invasion corrections will give spurious
results if input data is outside published ranges. Refer to the induction
invasion correction charts for acceptable data ranges.
R2003.12.1
Source
HLS Log Interpretation Chart Book, pp. 185, 187, 199,

201, 217, 219
Title
Dual Induction Borehole Corrections
Tools
DILT, DIL, HRI, HDIL
Charts
DILTA-1, DILTA-2, DIL-1, DIL-2, HRI-1, HRI-2
23
Landmark
LWD Induction
The Sperry-Sun EWR-PHASE 4 tool is a collar attached to the drill
stem that measures formation resistivity as drilling occurs. The LWD
Induction environmental correction adjusts for borehole size and mud
resistivity.
The Sperry-Sun induction corrections are taken from ECL libraries
provided by Halliburton. These corrections use the mud resistivity to
select one of the charts from the Sperry-Sun chartbook and then uses
that chart to calculate the relationship between input resistivity and
correction factors. Because the ECL libraries do not interpolate
between charts of different mud resistivities, there may be differences
between the values provided by the model and the results that are
expected from the chart book.
24
LWD Induction: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
LWD Induction Corrections
Deep LWD induction phase

resistivity
Medium LWD induction phase
resistivity
Shallow LWD induction phase
resistivity
Extra-shallow LWD induction
phase resistivity
Deep LWD induction attenuation
resistivity
Medium LWD induction
attenuation resistivity
Shallow LWD induction
Extra-shallow LWD induction
Output curves
R2003.12.1
Welex
Sperry Sun
Select a Sperry-Sun tool
Gearhart
Do LWD induction phase borehole

corrections?
Do LWD induction attenuation
borehole corrections?
Baker Atlas
Parameters
optional parameters
Halliburton
Input Curves
Schlumberger
Legend:

Corrected deep induction phase
resistivity
Corrected medium induction phase
resistivity
Corrected shallow induction phase
resistivity
Corrected extra-shallow induction
phase resistivity
Corrected deep induction
Corrected medium induction
Corrected shallow induction
Corrected extra-shallow induction
Environmental Corrections: LWD Induction
25
Landmark
Input Curves
Deep LWD induction phase resistivity

Medium LWD induction phase resistivity
Shallow LWD induction phase resistivity
Extra-shallow LWD induction phase resistivity
Deep LWD induction attenuation resistivity
Medium LWD induction attenuation resistivity
Shallow LWD induction attenuation resistivity
Extra-shallow LWD induction attenuation resistivity
General -- Tool
LWD induction -- Parameters

1. Do LWD induction phase borehole corrections? Select yes.
2. Do LWD induction attenuation borehole corrections? Select yes.
3. LWD induction tool type:
Sperry Sun EWR-PHASE4 3 3/4 in

Sperry Sun EWR-PHASE4 6 3/4 in
Sperry Sun EWR-PHASE4 8 in
Sperry Sun EWR-S 9 1/2 in
parameter
curve

26
R2003.12.1
Output Curves
Corrected deep induction phase resistivity

Corrected medium induction phase resistivity
Corrected shallow induction phase resistivity
Corrected extra shallow induction phase resistivity
Corrected deep induction attenuation resistivity
Corrected medium induction attenuation resistivity
Corrected shallow induction attenuation resistivity
Corrected extra shallow induction attenuation resistivity
Sperry-Sun phase deep completion code

Sperry-Sun phase medium completion code
Sperry-Sun phase shallow completion code
Sperry-Sun phase extra-shallow completion code
Sperry-Sun attenuation deep completion code
Sperry-Sun attenuation medium completion code
Sperry-Sun attenuation shallow completion code
Sperry-Sun attenuation extra-shallow completion code
Process Outputs
Chart References
R2003.12.1
Source
Sperry-Sun Log Interpretation Charts (1998)
Title
Resistivity Correction for Hole Size and Mud

Resistivity
Tools
EWR-PHASE 4
Charts
3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, 3-8, 3-9, 3-10, 3-11,
3-12, 3-13
Source
Title
Resistivity Borehole Correction - Fixed Hole Diameter
Tools
EWR-PHASE 4
Charts
3-14, 3-15, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-22,

3-23
Environmental Corrections: LWD Induction
27
28
Landmark
Source
Title
Resistivity Correction for Dielectric Constant
Tools
EWR-PHASE 4
Charts
3-40
R2003.12.1
Laterolog
Laterolog resistivity measures true formation resistivity in boreholes
filled with saltwater mud. The variation of borehole size and mud
resistivity significantly affects deep and shallow laterolog resistivities.
The Laterolog environmental correction corrects for borehole fluid and
borehole size. When a microresistivity device is available, invasion
corrections may also be performed. Mud and mudcake resistivities are
corrected to formation temperature. Formation temperature is used to
correct the filtrate resistivity (Rmf).
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Laterolog
29
Landmark
Laterolog Corrections
Legend:
Input Curves
Parameters
optional parameters
Deep laterolog resistivity

Shallow laterolog resistivity
Do laterolog borehole corrections?
Schlumberger
Halliburton
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Sperry Sun
Welex
Halliburton
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Sperry Sun
Welex

Schlumberger
Do laterolog invasion corrections?
corrections?
Output curves
Select laterolog standoff source

Enter laterolog standoff value
Enter mudcake thickness
Enter bitsize
Laterolog true resistivity
Laterolog flushed resistivity
Laterolog invasion diameter
Corrected deep laterolog resistivity
Corrected shallow laterolog
resistivity
Input Curves
30
Deep laterolog resistivity

Shallow laterolog resistivity
Laterolog: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
General -- Tool
Laterolog -- Tool
1. Do laterolog borehole corrections?
yes
no (default)
1. Do laterolog invasion corrections?
yes
no (default)
2. Laterolog tool type:
Schlumberger DLT-B
Schlumberger DLT-D/E
Halliburton DLTA
Halliburton DLTF
Gearhart
Baker Atlas
Welex Dual Guard
3. Do microresistivity borehole corrections?
yes
no (default)
R2003.12.1

Schlumberger MGRD
Halliburton MSFL
Halliburton MGRD
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Welex
31
Landmark
5. Laterolog standoff source:
parameter (default)
curve
centered
eccentered
6. Laterolog standoff. Enter a value in the Value field.


input from curve

parameter (default)
curve

Output Curves
32
Laterolog true resistivity

Laterolog flushed resistivity
Laterolog invasion diameter
Corrected deep laterolog resistivity
Corrected shallow laterolog resistivity
Laterolog: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Process Outputs
Off-chart flag
Scaled deep resistivity
Deep resistivity factor
Scaled medium resistivity
Medium resistivity factor
RLLd / RLLs
RLLd / Rxo
RLLs / RLLd
Rxo / RLLd
Rt / Rxo
Rxo / Rt
Rt / RLLd
Chart References
The documentation for the Baker-Atlas PETCOM libraries indicates
that they use a Schlumberger chart Rint-9a for their laterolog invasion
corrections. Following their convention, we are using Schlumberger
chart Rint-9a corrections to calculate Baker-Atlas laterolog invasion
corrections, but we are using library code directly from Schlumberger
to do so. This will result in answers that are different from the BakerAtlas 1985 laterolog chart book.
R2003.12.1
Source

251
Title
Dual Laterolog Borehole Corrections
Tools
DLTA, DLTF
Charts
DLTA-1a, DLTA-1b, DLTF-1a, DLTF-1b
Source

261
Title
Dual Laterolog Invasion Corrections
Tools
DLTA, DLTF
Charts
DLTA-3a, DLTA-3b, DLTF-3a, DLTF-3b
33
Landmark
Microresistivity
Microresistivity devices measure the resistivity of the invaded zone
(Rxo) in order to determine the diameter of the invasion. The
Microresistivity environmental correction adjusts logs for the mudcake
between the pad and the formation. It corrects mudcake resistivity to
formation temperature either by using an external temperature curve or
by computing a temperature gradient from surface and bottom hole
temperature measurements.
Using the Schlumberger MGRD Correction

The Schlumberger Environmental Correction library used for the MLL
correction calculates mudcake thickness to be
MudcakeThickness = 0.75 * (BitSize - Caliper)
instead of the usual

MudcakeThickness = 0.5 * (BitSize - Caliper)
This will cause discrepancies in comparing the output from the printed
chart book with the output from the environmental corrections model.
Furthermore, there are differences between the printed chart book and
the values of the Schlumberger library for mudcake thicknesses more
than 3/8 in.
34
Microresistivity: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Microresistivity Corrections

Output curve
Welex
corrections?
Sperry Sun
Parameters
Gearhart
Baker Atlas
Input Curve
optional parameters
Halliburton
Schlumberger
Legend:
Enter mudcake thickness input

Enter bitsize
Input Curve
General -- Tool
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Microresistivity
35
Landmark
Microresistivity -- Parameters
1. Do microresistivity borehole corrections? Select yes.

Schlumberger MGRD
Halliburton MSFL
Halliburton MGRD
Baker Atlas
Gearhart
Welex


input from curve

parameter (default)
curve

Output Curve
36
Microresistivity: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Chart References
The Baker Atlas corrections will yield correction factors of less than
one for (R microresistivity) / (R mudcake) resistivities over 100. This is
because the ECL correction library fixes the value of the corrected
microresistivity at a constant value when the input microresistivity
moves off-chart. This is a defect in the PETCOM libraries used for the
Baker-Atlas corrections.
R2003.12.1
Source
HLS Log Interpretation Chart Book (1991)
Title
MSFL Log Mudcake Correction, MGL Mudcake
Tools
MSFL, MGL
Charts
Rx0-1, Rx0-2
Environmental Corrections: Microresistivity
37
Landmark
Neutron
The neutron tool sends high-energy neutrons spherically into the
formation. These neutrons are reduced in energy as they collide with
nuclei of atoms they encounter. The primary reduction in energy occurs
in collisions with hydrogen atoms. Reduction in neutron flux is mainly
a function of the hydrogen concentration within the formation, which
can be equated with the porosity.
Using Schlumberger Corrections

When a Schlumberger tool is selected for a Neutron correction, the
standoff calculation field is not available.
38
Neutron: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Neutron Corrections

Process
Selection
Parameters
R2003.12.1
Welex
Do neutron corrections?
Sperry Sun
Tool
Parameters
Gearhart
Temperature
Pressure
Formation salinity curve
Input neutron porosity
Baker Atlas
Halliburton
Input Curves
optional parameters
Schlumberger
Legend:
Select neutron input source

Do standoff correction?
Enter neutron tool standoff
Do tool input lithology correction?
Enter neutron tool input lithology
Enter neutron tool output lithology
Enter neutron tool standoff
Enter neutron tool sensitivity
Do deadtime correction?
Do borehole diameter correction?
Do mudcake correction?
Do casing/cement thickness
correction? [cased holes only]
Do casing thickness correction?
Do cement thickness correction?
Do borehole salinity correction?
Do mud weight correction? [cased
holes only]
Do temperature correction?
Do pressure correction?
Do standoff correction?
Do tool input lithology correction?
Do formation salinity correction?
Do formation sigma correction?
Schlumberger C/D borehole correction
type
Environmental Corrections: Neutron
39
Landmark
Neutron Corrections (continued)

Legend:
Borehole
Parameters
Casing
Parameters
Output curves
optional parameters
Enter formation lithology

Enter mud base
Enter mud additives
Enter SNP mudcake density
Enter oil mud compressibility factor
Enter mudcake thickness
Use resistivity caliper?
Use field caliper?
Enter formation sigma
Enter water sigma
Enter limestone sigma
Enter sandstone sigma
Enter dolomite sigma
Enter mud weight
Enter bit size
Enter borehole salinity
Enter formation water salinity
Enter casing thickness
Corrected neutron porosity
Corrected limestone porosity
Corrected sandstone neutron
porosity
Corrected dolomite neutron
porosity
Limestone neutron porosity for
ELAN analysis (Schlumberger
only)
Input Curves
40
Temperature
Pressure
Formation salinity curve
Input neutron porosity
R2003.12.1
General -- Tool
Neutron -- Tool
1. Do neutron corrections? Select yes.
2. Neutron tool type:
Schlumberger A (default)
Schlumberger G
Schlumberger H
Schlumberger C
Schlumberger D
Schlumberger SNP
Halliburton DSN2
Halliburton HDSN
Halliburton CNT-K
Gearhart CNT-K
Baker Atlas CNL
Baker Atlas SNP
Sperry Sun CNP 8.00 in
Welex DSN2
Welex DSN1
Welex Comprobe
3. Neutron input source:
Count rates
Calibrated ratio
Neutron porosity (default)
4. Do standoff correction?
R2003.12.1
yes (default)
no
41
Landmark
5. Neutron tool standoff input. (This parameter is not active if you

chose no in step 4.)
parameter (default)
curve
6. Do tool input lithology correction?
yes (default)
no
7. Neutron tool input lithology. (This parameter is not active if you

limestone (default)
sandstone
dolomite
8. Neutron tool output lithology. (This parameter is not active if you

limestone (default)
sandstone
dolomite
9. Neutron tool standoff. (This parameter is not active if you chose no

in step 4.) Enter a value in the Value field.
10. Neutron tool sensitivity. Enter a value of at least 1.000 in the Value
field.
Neutron -- Process selection

open (default)
cased
2. Do deadtime correction? (Schlumberger only)
42
yes (default)
no
R2003.12.1
3. Do borehole diameter correction?
yes (default)
no
4. Do mudcake correction?
yes (default)
no
5. Do casing/cement thickness correction? (This parameter is active

only for cased holes.)
yes (default)
no
6. Do casing thickness correction? (This parameter is active only if

you selected a Halliburton tool type.)
yes (default)
no
7. Do cement thickness correction? (This parameter is active only if

you selected a Halliburton tool type.)
yes (default)
no
8. Do borehole salinity correction?
yes (default)
no
9. Do mud weight correction? (This parameter is active only for open

holes.)
yes (default)
no
10. Do temperature correction?
R2003.12.1
yes (default)
no
43
Landmark
11. Do pressure correction?
yes (default)
no
12. Do standoff correction?
yes (default)
no
13. Do tool input lithology correction?
yes (default)
no
14. Do formation salinity correction?
yes (default)
no
15. Do formation sigma correction?
yes (default)
no
16. Schlumberger C/D borehole correction type. (This option is

available only if you selected a Schlumberger tool type.)
FLIC correction (default)

Panel correction
Neutron -- Borehole
1. Formation lithology:
limestone (calcite)
sandstone (quartz)
dolomite
2. Mud base:
44
water
oil
R2003.12.1
natural
barite
hematite
4. Baker Atlas SNP mudcake density. This parameter is active only if

you have selected the Baker Atlas SNP tool. Choose one of the
following:
1.5 gm/cc
2.5 gm/cc
5. Oil mud compressibility factor. Enter a value in the Value field.

6. Mudcake thickness input:
calculate from bit size and caliper (default). If you select this
option, you will be able to enter values for borehole diameter
and bit size in steps 9 and 16 below.
input from curve
7. Use Resistivity Caliper. This parameter is active only if you

selected the Schlumberger SNP tool. Choose one of the following:
yes
no (default)
8. Use field Caliper. This parameter is active only if you selected the
Schlumberger SNP tool. Choose one of the following:
yes
no (default)
9. Borehole diameter input. This parameter is active only when you

choose to calculate mudcake thickness from bit size and caliper.
Choose one of the following:
parameter (default)
curve
10. Formation sigma. This option is available only for Halliburton and
Schlumberger tools. Enter a value in the Value field.
11. Water sigma. This option is available only for Halliburton tools.
Enter a value in the Value field.
R2003.12.1
45
Landmark
12. Limestone sigma. Enter a value in the Value field (the default value
is 7.100).
13. Sandstone sigma. Enter a value in the Value field (the default value
is 4.600).
14. Dolomite sigma. Enter a value in the Value field (the default value
is 4.700).
16. Bit Size. This parameter is active only when you choose to
calculate mudcake thickness from bit size and caliper. Enter a value
in the Value field.
18. Borehole Salinity. Enter a value in the Value field.
19. Formation Water Salinity. Enter a value in the Value field.
Neutron -- Casing
open
cased
2. Casing thickness. This parameter is available only for cased holes.

Output Curves
46
Corrected neutron porosity

Corrected limestone neutron porosity (by default turned off)
Corrected sandstone neutron porosity (by default turned off)
Corrected dolomite neutron porosity (by default turned off)
Limestone neutron porosity for ELAN analysis (Schlumberger
only)
R2003.12.1
Chart References
The neutron temperature correction algorithm has been modified to
give answers which approximate the neutron corrections in the
Western-Atlas 1985 chart book. These corrections are different than the
one in the 1995 Baker Atlas charts.
The Schlumberger neutron corrections will not allow you to output the
value of each individual correction, unlike all of the other neutron
corrections. This behavior is due to the interface with the Schlumberger
ECL library code which makes it difficult to get the size of individual
corrections from the library.
The borehole diameter corrections have been corrected to match an
equation in the 1985 Western-Atlas chart book. This will give different
answers from previous versions of PetroWorks.
When performing a cased hole correction for the Halliburton DSN2
tool, the Environmental Correction model calculates an equivalent open
hole porosity from the cased hole porosity after cement and casing
corrections are performed. The chart for this correction is not in the
Halliburton chart book but is documented on page 5-53 of the
Halliburton Environmental Corrections Library Reference Guide (June
1996).
R2003.12.1
Source
Title
Open/Cased Hole Environmental Corrections
Tools
Neutron
Charts
Borehole Diameter, Mudcake Thickness, Mud Weight,

Borehole Salinity, Borehole Temperature, Borehole
Pressure, Lithology Correction, Open Hole Standoff
Corrections, Formation Salinity, Porosity
Determination, Equivalent Open Hole Porosity, Casing
Thickness, Cement Thickness
Source
HLS Log Interpretation Chart Book (1994), p. 61, 63,

65, 81
Title
Open Environmental Corrections
Tools
Dual-Spaced Neutron DSN-II
Charts
POR-3a, POR-3b, POR-4a, POR-9
47
Landmark
Density
The formation density log is a porosity log that measures the electron
density of a formation. The pad device is designed to fit a circular hole
of a specific radius. The Density environmental correction adjusts
deviations from this hole size.
Density Corrections
Output curve
Welex
Sperry Sun
Gearhart
Select a Schlumberger or Halliburton

tool type:
Baker Atlas
Parameters
Field caliper
Borehole diameter curve
Input bulk density
Do density corrections?
Halliburton
Input Curves
optional parameters
Schlumberger
Legend:
Remove field corrections?

Select mud additives
Enter mud weight
Corrected density
Input Curves
48
Field caliper
Borehole diameter curve
Input bulk density
Density: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
General -- Tool
Density -- Parameters
1. Do density corrections? Select yes.
2. Density tool type:
Schlumberger FDC (default)

Halliburton SDL
Halliburton HSDL
Halliburton SLD
3. Remove field correction? (This parameter is active only for the

Halliburton SDL and Halliburton SLD tool types.)
yes
no (default)
4. Mud additives. (This parameter is active only if you selected the

Halliburton HSDL tool type.)
natural (default)
barite
hematite
parameter
curve

R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Density
49
Landmark
Output Curves
Corrected density
Chart References
50
Source
Title
Density - Borehole Corrections
Tools
SDL, SLD
Charts
POR-1, POR-2, POR-3
Source
Title
Density - Borehole Curvature Corrections
Tools
HSDL
Charts
POR-3
Source
Title
Density - Borehole Curvature Corrections
Tools
SDL
Charts
POR-1, POR-2
Density: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Pulsed Neutron
The TMD pulsed neutron device determines the number of hydrogen
atoms in a unit volume. The device is severely affected by any
disturbance in the number of neutrons in the area being investigated.
The Pulsed Neutron environmental correction computes corrected
porosity and intrinsic sigma values.
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Pulsed Neutron
51
Landmark
Pulsed Neutron Corrections

Borehole
Parameters
Casing
Parameters
Output curves
Welex
Sperry Sun
Gearhart
Select a Halliburton tool
Baker Atlas
Tool
Parameters
Formation sigma
Borehole sigma
TMD near/far ratio
Do pulsed neutron corrections?
Halliburton
Input Curves
optional parameters
Schlumberger
Legend:
Calculate ratios?
Calculate sigmas?
Calculate porosities?
Enter pulse neutron output lithology
Enter formation lithology
Enter borehole fluid
Enter borehole fluid sigma
Enter borehole salinity
Do blast ring correction?
Do cement corrections?
Enter cement sigma source
Enter cement water salinity
Enter salt added per bag cement
Enter cement sigma
Enter inner casing cement sigma
Do gravel pack corrections?
Enter gravel pack sigma
Enter tubing diameter
Enter casing diameter
Intrinsic sigma
Corrected near/far ratio
Formation salinity
Limestone porosity
Sandstone porosity
Dolomite porosity
Input Curves
52
Formation sigma
Borehole sigma
TMD near/far ratio
Pulsed Neutron: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
General -- Tool
Pulsed neutron -- Tool

1. Do pulsed neutron corrections? Select yes.
2. Pulsed neutron tool type. Halliburton
3. Calculate ratios?
yes (default)
no
4. Calculate sigmas?
yes (default)
no
5. Calculate porosities?
yes (default)
no
Pulse neutron -- Borehole

limestone (calcite)
sandstone (quartz)
dolomite
2. Borehole fluid pulse neutron:
R2003.12.1
liquid (default)
oil
air
53
Landmark
3. Borehole fluid sigma. Enter a value in the Value field.

4. Borehole Salinity. Enter a value between 0.001 and 3.000 in the
Value field.
Pulse neutron -- Casing

1. Do blast ring correction?
yes (default)
no
2. Do cement corrections?
yes (default)
no
3. Source of cement sigma:
Calculate from cement water salinity and salt added (default). If

you select this option, complete steps 4 and 5.
Input from parameter. If you select this option, complete steps 6
and 7.
4. Cement water salinity. Enter a value in the Value field.

5. Salt added per bag cement. Enter a value in the Value field.
6. Cement sigma. Enter a value in the Value field.
7. Inner casing cement sigma. Enter a value in the Value field.
8. Do gravel pack corrections?
yes (default)
no
9. Gravel pack sigma. Enter a value in the Value field.

10. Tubing Diameter. Enter a value in the Value field.
11. Casing Diameter. Enter a value in the Value field.
54
Pulsed Neutron: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Output Curves
Intrinsic sigma
Corrected Near/Far Ratio
Formation salinity
Limestone porosity
Sandstone porosity
Dolomite porosity
Chart References
R2003.12.1
Source
Title
Ratio Borehole Correction Routine
Tools
Thermal Multigate Decay, TMD
Charts
TMD-1a (Liquid), p. 307
Source
Title
Computation of TMD neutron porosity
Tools
Thermal Multigate Decay, TMD
Charts
TMD-1b (Liquid), p. 309
55
Landmark
Spectral Gamma Ray

The spectral gamma ray device gives both the gross gamma ray
measurement and computed concentrations for K and Ur. The Spectral
Gamma Ray environmental correction performs corrections for
variation in borehole size and cement/casing effects.
Due to limitations in Landmarks version of the Halliburton ECL
libraries, the Spectral Gamma Ray environmental corrections will
always return the centered result of the correction even if the user has
selected an eccentered correction.
Spectral Gamma Ray Corrections

Legend:
Input Curves
Parameters
optional parameters
Input potassium
Input uranium
Input thorium
Do spectral gamma ray corrections?
Output curve
56
Welex
Sperry Sun
Gearhart
Baker Atlas
Halliburton
Select the Schlumberger tool types
Schlumberger
Select SGR tool position

Enter mud weight
Enter casing thickness
Corrected potassium
Corrected uranium
Corrected thorium
Spectral Gamma Ray: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Input Curves
Input potassium
Input uranium
Input thorium
General -- Tool
Spectral gamma ray -- Parameters

1. Do spectral gamma ray corrections? Select yes.
open
cased
3. SGR tool type. Schlumberger only.

4. SGR tool position:
eccentered (default)
centered
parameter (default). If you select this option, you will be able to

enter a borehole diameter in step 7.
curve

8. Casing Thickness. (This parameter is active only for cased holes.)
R2003.12.1
Environmental Corrections: Spectral Gamma Ray
57
Landmark
Output Curves
Corrected potassium
Corrected uranium
Corrected thorium
Chart References
None
58
Spectral Gamma Ray: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
EPT
The Electromagnetic Propagation Log returns water-filled porosity in
the first few inches of the formation. Its primary use is for determining
the water saturation of the flushed zone. The EPT environmental
correction adjusts for mudcake and spreading loss, and it calculates
EPT resistivity.
EPT Corrections
Select a Schlumberger tool
Borehole
Parameters
Formation
Parameters
Output curves
R2003.12.1
Welex
Do EPT corrections?
Sperry Sun
Tool
Parameters
Gearhart
Uncorrected EATT
Uncorrected TPL
EPT porosity
Baker Atlas
Halliburton
Input Curves
optional parameters
Schlumberger
Legend:
Do mudcake correction?
Do spreading loss correction?
Enter source for spreading loss
Enter EPT spreading loss
Do EPT resistivity calculation?
Select mud base
Select mudcake thickness input
Enter bit size
Enter tortuosity factor
Enter cementation exponent
EATT
TPL
Delta EATT
Delta TPL
Formation resistivity
Formation conductivity
Apparent water resistivity
Formation resistivity at 75F
Formation conductivity at 75F
Apparent water resistivity at 75F
Environmental Corrections: EPT
59
Landmark
Input Curves
Uncorrected EATT
Uncorrected TPL
EPT Porosity
General -- Tool
EPT -- Tool
1. Do EPT corrections? Select yes.
2. EPT tool type is Schlumberger.
3. Do mudcake correction?
yes (default)
no
4. Do spreading loss correction?
yes (default)
no
5. Source for spreading loss:
calculated (default)
from parameter. If you select this option, you will be able to
enter a value for EPT spreading loss in step 6.
6. EPT spreading loss. Enter a value in the Value field.

7. Do EPT resistivity calculation?
60
yes (default)
EPT: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
no. If you select this option, you will be able to enter mudcake
resistivity and temperature values in the Borehole parameter
group (steps 4 and 5 under EPT -- Borehole below).
EPT -- Borehole
1. Mud base:
water (default)
oil
2. Mudcake thickness input:
calculate from bit size and caliper (default). If you select this
option, you will be able to enter values for borehole diameter
and bit size in steps 3 and 6 below.
input from curve
3. Borehole diameter input. This parameter is active only when you

choose to calculate mudcake thickness from bit size and caliper.
Choose one of the following:
parameter
curve
4. Mudcake Resistivity. This parameter is active only when you

choose not to do EPT resistivity calculation in step 7 under EPT -Tool above). Enter a value in the Value field.
5. Mudcake Resistivity Temp. This parameter is active only when you
choose not to do EPT resistivity calculation in step 7 under EPT -Tool above). Enter a value in the Value field.
6. Bit Size. This parameter is active only when you choose to
calculate mudcake thickness from bit size and caliper. Enter a value
in the Value field.
7. Borehole Diameter. This parameter is not active if you selected
curve in step 3. Enter a value in the Value field.
R2003.12.1
61
Landmark
EPT -- Formation
1. Tortuosity Factor (a). Enter a value for a in Archies equation in the
Value field.
2. Cementation Exponent (m). Enter a value for m in Archies
equation in the Value field.
Output Curves
EATT
TPL
Delta EATT
Delta TPL
Formation resistivity
Formation conductivity
Apparent water resistivity
Formation resistivity at standard temperature
Formation conductivity at standard temperature
Apparent water resistivity at standard temperature
Borehole diameter used in correction

Mudcake thickness used in correction
Mud resistivity at formation temperature
Mudcake resistivity at formation temperature
Process Outputs
62
EPT: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Chart References
R2003.12.1
Source
Schlumberger Log Interpretation Charts (1997)
Title
Electromagnetic Propagation and Microresistivity
Tools
EPT
Charts
EPT Propagation Time for NaCl Solutions (EPTcor-1),

Flushed Zone Saturation from EPT Propagation Time
(Sxo-1), EPT Attenuation for NaCl Solutions (EPTcor2), EPT-G Mudcake Correction Charts for Water-Base
Muds (EPTcor-3a, EPTcor-3b, EPTcor-4a, EPTcor-4b),
Flushed Zone Saturation from EPT Attenuation (Sxo2), Microlog Interpretation Chart (Rxo-1),
Microlaterolog and Proximity Log Mudcake
Correction (Rxo-2), MicroSFL Mudcake Correction
(Rxo-3)
63
Landmark
Processing the Model

When you are satisfied with your curve and parameter selections, you
are ready to run the model.
To run the model,
1. Save the current WPE session.
2. Return to the Environmental Corrections window.
3. Click on the Process button to begin the calculations.
The Status window will alert you when the process is complete.
64
Processing the Model: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Input and Output Curves

Environmental Corrections input curves and output curves are listed
below.
R2003.12.1
Input Curves
Output Curves
Laterolog Standoff
Corrected Gamma Ray
Neutron Tool Standoff Curve
Induction True Resistivity
Temperature (Temp)
Induction Flushed Resistivity
Pressure
Induction Invasion Diameter
Mudcake Thickness Curve
Corrected Deep Induction Resistivity
Resistivity Caliper
Corrected Medium Induction

Resistivity
Field Caliper
Corrected Shallow Induction Resistivity
Borehole Diameter Curve
Corrected Deep Induction Phase

Resistivity
Cement Thickness
Corrected Medium Induction Phase

Resistivity
Gamma Ray
Corrected Shallow Induction Phase

Resistivity
Deep Induction Resistivity
Corrected Extra Shallow Induction

Phase Resistivity
Medium Induction Resistivity
Corrected Deep Induction Attenuation

Resistivity
Shallow Induction Resistivity
Corrected Medium Induction

Attenuation Resistivity
Deep LWD Induction Phase Resistivity
Corrected Shallow Induction

Medium LWD Induction Phase

Resistivity
Corrected Extra Shallow Induction

Shallow LWD Induction Phase

Resistivity
Laterolog True Resistivity
Extra-Shallow LWD Induction Phase

Resistivity
Laterolog Flushed Resistivity
Deep LWD Induction Attenuation

Resistivity
Laterolog Invasion Diameter
Medium LWD Induction Attenuation

Resistivity
Corrected Deep Laterolog Resistivity
Shallow LWD Induction Attenuation

Resistivity
Corrected Shallow Laterolog Resistivity
Extra-Shallow LWD Induction

Corrected Microresistivity
Environmental Corrections: Input and Output Curves
65
Landmark
Input Curves
Output Curves
Deep Laterolog Resistivity
Corrected Neutron Porosity
Shallow Laterolog Resistivity
Corrected Limestone Neutron Porosity
Neutron Porosity
Corrected Sandstone Neutron Porosity
Neutron Near Count Rates
Corrected Dolomite Neutron Porosity
Neutron Far Count Rates
Corrected ELAN Neutron Porosity
Neutron Calibrated Ratio
Corrected Density
Bulk Density
Pulsed Neutron Apparent Porosity
Microresistivity
Pulsed Neutron Limestone Porosity
Formation Sigma
Pulsed Neutron Sandstone Porosity
Borehole Sigma
Pulsed Neutron Dolomite Porosity
TMD Near/Far Ratio
Intrinsic Sigma
Potassium
Corrected Near/Far Ratio
Uranium
Corrected Potassium
Thorium
Corrected Uranium
Uncorrected EATT
Corrected Thorium
Uncorrected TPL
EATT
EPT Porosity
TPL
Delta EATT
Delta TPL
EPT Resistivity
EPT Resistivity Standard Temperature
EPT Conductivity
EPT Conductivity Standard
Temperature
Apparent Water Resistivity
Apparent Water Resistivity Standard
Temperature
Apparent Water Conductivity
Apparent Water Conductivity Standard
Temperature
Corrected Gamma Ray Factor
Dual Induction Off Chart Flag
Deep Geometric Factor
Medium Geometric Factor
Scaled Shallow Resistivity
Shallow Correction Factor
Rm / Rd Ratio
66
Input and Output Curves: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
Input Curves
Output Curves
Rs / Rd Ratio
Laterolog Off chart flag
Rlld / Rm ratio
Deep correction ratio
Rlls / Rm ratio
Shallow correction ratio
Rlld / Rlls ratio
Rlls / Rxo ratio
Rxo / Rt ratio
Rt / Rlld ratio
Rxo / Rmc ratio
Corrected microresistivity factor
Borehole diameter correction
Mudcake correction
Casing thickness correction
Cement thickness correction
Equivalent open hole correction
Borehole salinity correction
Mud weight correction
Temperature correction
Pressure correction
Standoff correction
Lithology correction
Formation salinity correction
Formation sigma correction
Difference input caliper
Mudcake correction slope
Differential ratio versus porosity
Differential limestone porosity to ratio
Differential sandstone porosity to ratio
Differential dolomite porosity to ratio
Deep induction phase completion code
Medium induction phase completion
code
Shallow induction phase completion
code
R2003.12.1
67
Input Curves
Landmark
Output Curves
Extra shallow induction phase
completion code
Deep induction attenuation completion
code
Medium induction attenuation
completion code
Shallow induction attenuation
completion code
Extra shallow induction attenuation
completion code
Borehole diameter used
Mudcake thickness
Mud resistivity at formation
temperature
Mudcake resistivity at formation
temperature
For a list of all Environmental Corrections parameters, defaults,

descriptions, and values, see the online-only PetroWorks
Parameters manual.
68
Input and Output Curves: Environmental Corrections
R2003.12.1
R2003.12.1
69

Models Env Corr

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Models Env Corr

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Landmark Graphics Corporation

PetroWorks Data Preparation

About This Chapter

Environmental Corrections: Overview

Landmark Graphics Corporation

PetroWorks Data Preparation

Laterolog (page 29) contains the procedure for setting parameters to

Environmental Corrections: Overview

New Features for PetroWorks

Making Environmental Corrections

Making Environmental Corrections: Environmental Corrections

Landmark Graphics Corporation

PetroWorks Data Preparation

Select wells, depth units, depth range, sample interval, and

Invoke Wellbore Parameter Editor.

Select parameters and curves.

Save the Wellbore Parameter Editor session.

Process the data in Environmental Corrections.

Check the results with Single Well Viewer or other utilities.

Environmental Corrections: Making Environmental Corrections

New Features for PetroWorks

Before You Start

Making Environmental Corrections: Environmental Corrections

Landmark Graphics Corporation

PetroWorks Data Preparation

Interacting with Wellbore Parameter Editor

Setting Petrophysical Parameters

General (parameters for Tool)

Environmental Corrections: Interacting with Wellbore Parameter Editor

New Features for PetroWorks

Selecting Input Curves

Environmental Corrections does not use Curve Aliases.

Specifying Output Curves

Interacting with Wellbore Parameter Editor: Environmental Corrections

Landmark Graphics Corporation

PetroWorks Data Preparation

Using Sperry Sun Corrections

Environmental Corrections: Gamma Ray

New Features for PetroWorks

Gamma Ray Corrections

required input curves and parameters

Select one of these tool types:

Select GR tool position

Input gamma ray

Gamma Ray: Environmental Corrections

Landmark Graphics Corporation

PetroWorks Data Preparation

Gamma ray -- Tool and Borehole

Environmental Corrections: Gamma Ray

New Features for PetroWorks

5. Mud additives. This parameter can be set only when a

6. Borehole diameter input:

7. Mud weight. Enter a value in the Value field.

Gamma ray -- Casing

open. If you select this casing type, no other parameters in this

2. Choose one of the following:

If you have selected a Halliburton tool, go to step 3.

Gamma Ray: Environmental Corrections

Landmark Graphics Corporation

PetroWorks Data Preparation

3. Has inner casing.

4. Inner casing string diameter. Enter a value in the Value field.

Borehole correction factor

HLS Log Interpretation Charts (1991), p. 49, no. GR-1