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This article is about the Christian holiday. For the Jewish 1.1
holiday, see Shavuot. For other uses, see Pentecost
(disambiguation).
Pentecost (Ancient Greek: [], Pentkost [hmera], the ftieth [day]") is the Greek name
for the Feast of Weeks, a prominent feast in the calendar of ancient Israel celebrating the giving of the Law on
Sinai. This feast is still celebrated in Judaism as Shavuot.
Later, in the Christian liturgical year, it became a feast
commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the
Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ (120 in all),
as described in the Acts of the Apostles 2:131.[1] For
this reason, Pentecost is sometimes described by some
Christians today as the Birthday of the Church.
Old Testament
Pentecost is the old Greek and Latin name for the Jewish harvest festival, or Festival of Weeks (Hebrew
Hag haShavuot or Shevuot, literally Festival
of Weeks), which can be found in the Hebrew Bible.
Shavuot is called the Festival of Weeks (Hebrew:
, chag ha-Shavuot, Exodus 34:22, Deuteronomy
16:10 ); Festival of Reaping (Hebrew: , chag haKatsir, Exodus 23:16 ), and Day of the First Fruits (He- Peter stated that this event was the beginning of a conbrew , Yom ha-Bikkurim, Numbers 28:26 tinual outpouring that would be available to all believers
from that point on, Jews and Gentiles alike.[8]
).
1
2.1
LITURGICAL CELEBRATION
mighty wind, and it lled all the house where they were
sitting.,[12] They refers to the aforementioned disciples,
and it includes the women. The place referring to the
same Upper Room where these persons had "continued
with one accord in prayer and supplication.[13]
Alternative interpretations suggest that the house mentioned was in fact the House of God, Herods Temple.
There were Judeans from all over the world in the Temple proper. These people saw and heard the people whom
received the gift of spiritual birth of holy spirit. The location the Upper Room did not allow women. Therefore,
The Temple proper among all the people present is the
location of the out pouring of holy spirit. Acts Chapter 2.
3 Date
According to the current Jewish Calendar, the date of
Pentecost is fty days from Passover. In Jewish antiquity dates were disputed, as in the Dead Sea scrolls[14] or
in the Mishnah.[15]
In Christian tradition Pentecost is part of the Moveable
Cycle of the ecclesiastical year. According to Christian
tradition, Pentecost is always seven weeks after Easter
Sunday; that is to say, 50 days after Easter (inclusive of
Easter Day). In other words, it falls on the eighth Sunday,
counting Easter Day. The date of Easter may be calculated using a procedure known as Computus.
The Cenacle on Mount Zion, claimed to be the location of the
Last Supper and Pentecost. Bargil Pixner[9] claims the original
Church of the Apostles is located under the current structure.
Liturgical celebration
Eastern churches
4.2
Western churches
LITURGICAL CELEBRATION
4.3
may last all night. Pentecost is also one of the occasions baptized wearing white clothing, and from the white vestspecially appointed for the Lutheran Litany to be sung.[39] ments worn by the clergy in English liturgical uses. The
holiday was also one of the three days each year (along
with Christmas and Easter) Roman Catholics were required to confess and receive the sacrament of Holy Communion in order to remain in good church standing.[40]
Holy Communion is likewise often a feature of the
Protestant observance of Pentecost as well. It is one of
the relatively few Sundays some Reformed denominations may oer the communion meal, and is one of the
days of the year specially appointed among Moravians for
the celebration of their Love Feasts. Ordinations are celebrated across a wide array of Western denominations at
Pentecost, or near to it. In some denominations, for example the Lutheran Church, even if an ordination or consecration of a deaconess is not celebrated on Pentecost,
the liturgical color will invariably be red, and the theme
of the service will be the Holy Spirit.
Above all, Pentecost is a day for the Conrmation celebrations of young people. Flowers, the wearing of white
robes, or white dresses recalling Baptism, rites such as
the laying on of hands, and vibrant singing play prominent roles on these joyous occasions, the blossoming of
Spring forming an equal analogy with the blossoming of
youth.
The typical image of Pentecost in the West is that of the
Virgin Mary seated centrally and prominently among the
disciples, with ames resting on the crowns of their heads.
Occasionally parting clouds suggesting the action of the
mighty wind,[19] rays of light, and/or the Dove, are also
depicted. Of course, the Western iconographic style is
less static and stylized than that of the East, and other
very dierent representations have been produced, and
in some cases have achieved great fame, such as the Pentecosts by Titian, Giotto and el Greco.
Paul already in the 1st century notes the importance of
this festival to the early Christian communities. (See:
Acts 20:16 & 1 Corinthians 16:8) Since the lifetime of
some who may have been eyewitnesses, annual celebrations of the descent of the Holy Spirit have been observed.
Before the Second Vatican Council Pentecost Monday
as well was a Holy Day of Obligation during which the
Catholic Church addressed the newly baptized and conrmed. Since that time however Pentecost Monday is no
longer solemnized.
A stained glass window at St. Matthews German Evangelical
Lutheran Church in Charleston, South Carolina which depicts
the ame of re upon the heads of the disciples
Nevertheless Pentecost remains an ocial church festival in many Protestant churches, such as the (Lutheran)
Church of Sweden, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of
Finland, and others. In the Byzantine Catholic Rite Pentecost Monday is no longer a Holy Day of Obligation, but
rather a simple holy day. In the Roman Catholic Church,
as at Easter, the liturgical rank of Monday and Tuesday
of Pentecost week is a Double of the First Class[41] and
across many Western denominations, Pentecost is celebrated with an octave culminating on Trinity Sunday.
7
called Whitsun Ales)[47] took place. Other customs such
as morris dancing[48] and cheese rolling[49] are also associated with Whitsun.
In Finland there is a saying known virtually by everyone
which translates as if one has no sweetheart until Pentecost, he/she will not have it during the whole summer.
Public holiday
Literary allusions
9 See also
Acts 2
German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe declared Pentecost das liebliche Fest the lovely Feast, in a selection
by the same name in his Reineke Fuchs.
Pentecontad calendar
Whit Monday
Cenacle
10 References
[1] 2:131
10
REFERENCES
[28] Texts > O Holy Spirit, root of life. Hymnary.org. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
[29] Hymns and Hymnwriters of Denmark | Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Hymnary.com. 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
[35] CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Veni Creator Spiritus. Newadvent.org. 1912-10-01. Retrieved 2010-0517.
[38] The Episcopal Church and Visual Arts. Ecva.org. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
[42] Pentecost:
All About Pentecost (Whitsunday)!".
ChurchYear.net. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
[24] HymnSite.coms Suggested Hymns for the Day of Pentecost (Year C)". Hymnsite.com. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
[25] Spirit of Faith, Come Down. Hymntime.com. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
[26] Come, Holy Ghost, Our Hearts Inspire.
time.com. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
Hymn-
Themint.org.uk.
Retrieved
11
External links
Pentecost on RE:Quest
A collection of 22 prayers for Pentecost
Pentecost article from the Catholic Encyclopedia
Pentecost article from the Jewish Encyclopedia
Feast of Pentecost Greek Orthodox Archdiocese
Explanation of the Feast from the Handbook for
Church Servers (Nastolnaya Kniga) by Sergei V. Bulgakov
The Main Event: The Church Takes Center Stage
from Eagles Landing First Baptist Church in McDonough, Georgia.
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