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The classicism of the Renaissance led to, and gave way to,
a dierent sense of what was classical in the 16th and
17th centuries. In this period classicism took on more
overtly structural overtones of orderliness, predictability,
the use of geometry and grids, the importance of rigorous discipline and pedagogy, as well as the formation of
schools of art and music. The court of Louis XIV was
seen as the center of this form of classicism, with its references to the gods of Olympus as a symbolic prop for
absolutism, its adherence to axiomatic and deductive reasoning, and its love of order and predictability.
General term
This period sought the revival of classical art forms, including Greek drama and music. Opera, in its modern
European form, had its roots in attempts to recreate the
combination of singing and dancing with theatre thought
to be the Greek norm. Examples of this appeal to classicism included Dante, Petrarch, and Shakespeare in poetry
and theatre. Tudor drama, in particular, modeled itself
after classical ideals and divided works into Tragedy and
Comedy. Studying Ancient Greek became regarded as
essential for a well-rounded education in the liberal arts.
The Renaissance also explicitly returned to architectural
models and techniques associated with Greek and Roman
1
IN THE THEATRE
2 In the theatre
Classicist door in Olomouc, The Czech Republic.
antiquity, including the golden rectangle as a key proportion for buildings, the classical orders of columns, as well
as a host of ornament and detail associated with Greek
and Roman architecture. They also began reviving plastic arts such as bronze casting for sculpture, and used
the classical naturalism as the foundation of drawing,
painting and sculpture.
The Age of Enlightenment identied itself with a vision
of antiquity which, while continuous with the classicism
of the previous century, was shaken by the physics of Sir
Isaac Newton, the improvements in machinery and measurement, and a sense of liberation which they saw as being present in the Greek civilization, particularly in its
struggles against the Persian Empire. The ornate, organic,
and complexly integrated forms of the baroque were to
give way to a series of movements that regarded themselves expressly as classical or neo-classical, or would
rapidly be labelled as such. For example the painting of
Jacques-Louis David which was seen as an attempt to return to formal balance, clarity, manliness, and vigor in
art.
The 19th century saw the classical age as being the pre- Molire in classical dress, by Nicolas Mignard, 1658.
cursor of academicism, including such movements as
uniformitarianism in the sciences, and the creation of rig- Classicism in the theatre was developed by 17th century
3
French playwrights from what they judged to be the rules
of Greek classical theatre, including the "Classical unities" of time, place and action, found in the Poetics of
Aristotle.
4 In the ne arts
For Greek art of the 5th century B.C.E., see Classical
art in ancient Greece and the Severe style
5 Political philosophy
See also: Classical republicanism
6 See also
Classical tradition
Villa Rotonda, Palladio, 1591
Weimar Classicism
References
Further reading
Kallendorf, Craig (2007). A Companion to the Classical Tradition. Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved
2012-05-06. Essays by various authors on topics related to historical periods, places, and themes. Limited preview online.
External links
Renaissance & Classicism from encyclopedia
EXTERNAL LINKS
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