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CAPTULO II
Construo dos Nmeros Reais
Parte I Nmeros Naturais
1) Prove por induo finita, para todo n
1.
L.D. = 2 . 12 = 2
(H.I.)
L.D. = 1 . (3 + 1) = 4
(H.I.)
= 3k2 + 7k + 4 = (k + 1) (3k + 4)
que igual ao L.D.
Portanto: 4 + 10 + 16 + ... + (6n 2) = n(3n + 1), n 1.
c) 2 + 4 + 6 + ... + (2n) = n(n + 1)
i) Provar que verdadeira para n = 1.
L.E. = 2
L.D. = 1 . (1 + 1) = 2
(H.I.)
L.D. = 1 . (2 1) = 1
(H.I.)
= 2k2 + 3k + 1 = (k + 1) (2k + 1)
que igual ao L.D.
Portanto: 1 + 5 + 9 + ... + (4n 3) = n(2n 1), n 1.
e) 1 + 3 + 6 + ... +
n(n + 1)
n(n + 1)(n + 2)
=
2
6
L.D. =
1 2 3 6
= =1
6
6
k(k + 1)
k(k + 1)(k + 2)
=
(H.I.)
2
6
k(k + 1)
k(k + 1)(k + 2)
=
. Substituindo,
2
6
n(n + 1)
n(n + 1)(n + 2)
=
, n 1.
2
6
f) 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n 1) = n2
i) Provar que verdadeira para n = 1.
L.E. = 1
L.D. = 12 = 1
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2k 1) = k2
(H.I.)
2+2
3+3
4 + + n(n + 1) =
n(n + 1)(n + 2)
3
L.D. = 1 . 2 = 2
2+2
3+3
4 + + k(k + 1) =
k(k + 1)(k + 2)
3
(H.I.)
2+2
3+3
4 + + k(k + 1) + (k + 1)(k + 2) =
2+2
3+3
(k + 1)(k + 2)(k + 3)
3
4 + + k(k + 1) =
Substituindo, temos:
k(k + 1)(k + 2)
+ (k + 1)(k + 2)
3
=
Portanto: 1
2+2
3+3
i) 22 + 42 + 62 + + (2n)2 =
4 + + n(n + 1) =
2n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
3
n(n + 1)(n + 2)
, n 1.
3
k(k + 1)(k + 2)
.
3
L.D. =
2.2.3
3
2k(k + 1)(2k + 1)
3
(H.I.)
2k(k + 1)(2k + 1)
. Substituindo,
3
2k(k + 1)(2k + 1)
+ 4(k + 1)2
3
=
2(k + 1)(2k 2 + k + 6k + 6)
2(k + 1)(2k 2 + 7k + 6)
2(k + 1)(k + 2)(2k + 3)
=
=
3
3
3
j) 1
2+3
4+5
2n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
, n 1.
3
6 + + (2n 1) 2n =
n(n + 1)(4n 1)
3
L.D. =
1.2.3
=2
3
2+3
4+5
6 + + (2k 1) 2k =
k(k + 1)(4k 1)
3
(H.I.)
2+3
4+5
6 + + (2k 1)
2k + [2(k + 1) 1] . 2(k + 1) =
2+3
4+5
6 + + (2k 1)
2k + (2k + 1) . 2(k + 1) =
2+3
4+5
(k + 1)(k + 2)[4(k + 1) 1]
3
(k + 1)(k + 2)(4k + 3)
3
6 + + (2k 1) 2k =
Substituindo, temos:
k(k + 1)(4k 1)
+ 2(2k + 1)(k + 1)
3
=
(k + 1)(4k 2 k + 12k + 6)
(k + 1)(4k 2 + 11k + 6)
(k + 1)(k + 2)(4k + 3)
=
=
3
3
3
2+3
4+5
6 + + (2n 1) 2n =
n(n + 1)(4n 1)
, n 1.
3
k(k + 1)(4k 1)
.
3