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This presentation draws on ideas from Dr. Pleters articles, books, and unpublished manuscripts. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means or in any form - electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise - without written consent from Octavian Thor Pleter or the
Brainbond consultancy firm, www.brainbond.ro Version 1.0 dated 23 October 2009 O. T. Pleter and Brainbond
IAEC02
Course Outlines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Newtons Laws
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Flight
Nonatmospheric
flight: does not
require the
atmosphere to lift
the body
Atmospheric
flight: requires
the atmosphere
(a fluid) to lift
the body
atmosphere acts
like a break; may
be used to steer
the vehicle
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Flight
Non-Atmospheric
Flight
Atmospheric
Aerodynamic Lift
Flight
Ballistic Flight
Heavier-than-Air Flight
Reaction Flight
Lighter-than-Air Flight
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Non-Atmospheric Flight
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V1 = 7.82 km/s
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V2
mM
m
G 2
R
R
GM
V
R
G = 6.6726 x 10-11 m3/kg/s2
11
GM
V
R
G = 6.6726 x 10-11 m3/kg/s2
- the universal constant of gravitation
M = 5.98 x 1024 kg Earth mass
RE = 6,371 km
ALT = 400 km
V=?
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GM
V
R
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R = 6,371 km
ALT = 20,200 km
V=?
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Spacecraft
Manned Spacecraft
Soyuz
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Spacecraft
Unmanned Spacecraft
Voyager
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Spacecraft
Space Shuttle
Reusable Manned
Spaceship
capable of landing
after gliding in the
atmosphere
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Launch Rockets
Multi-stage Liquid Fuel Rocket
Saturn V
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Bird flying:
wings push the air down
bird is pushed up (Newtons 3rd)
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Atmosphere =
Fluid
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Archimedes Principle
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Balloon
L air V g
Gas
Density
kg/m3 *)
Air
1.204
Helium (He)
0.1786
*) in normal conditions:
+20C at sea level
W (m gas V ) g
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4
V R3
3
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Vbal
4
R3
3
m
V
air He
Vbal = 0.268 m3
V = 97.5 m3
N = V / Vbal = 364
28
Free / Captive
Hot Air / Helium
Not Steerable
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Hydrogen / Helium
Steerable
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Captive
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Aerodynes
Paraglider
Aerodynamic lift
Non-powered
foot-launched
aircraft
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Aerodynes
Glider
Aerodynamic lift
Non-powered
Aircraft
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Aerodynes
Ultralight Aircraft (ULM)
Aerodynamic lift
Powered Aircraft
Under 300 kg
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Aerodynes
Fixed-Wing Land
Aircraft
Aerodynamic lift
Powered Aircraft
Over 300 kg
Uses land airfields
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Aerodynes
VTOL Aircraft
Vertical Take-off
and Landing fixed
wing aircraft with
vectored
propulsion
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Aerodynes
UAV Aircraft
Unmanned Air
Vehicle
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Aerodynes
UCAV Aircraft
Unmanned
Combat Air
Vehicle;
Unlike UAVs,
UCAVs carry
weapons
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Aerodynes
Hydroplanes (Seaplanes)
Aerodynamic lift
Fixed-Wing Powered
Aircraft
Uses water to take-off
and land
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Aerodynes
Fixed-Wing Amphibians
Aerodynamic lift
Powered Aircraft
Uses either water or
land to take-off and land
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Aerodynes
Rotorcraft - Helicopters
41
Aerodynes
Rotorcraft - Gyrodynes
42
Aerodynes
Rotorcraft - Tiltrotor
43