SEMESTERTOETS 3 / SEMESTER TEST 3

23 MEI 2012 / 23 MAY 2012

KURSUS / COURSE:

MEGANIESE INGENIEURSWETENSKAPPE / MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING SCIENCE

TYD / TIME:

120 MIN

VRAESTEL / PAPER:

STROMINGSLEER / FLUID DYNAMICS 3A

PUNTE / MARKS:

65

BLADSYE / PAGES: 4

BEANTWOORD AL DIE VRAE / ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS

SAKREKENAARS WORD TOEGELAAT / CALCULATORS ARE ALLOWED
_____________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 1 [20]
By using the Navier-Stokes equation, determine the velocity distribution for fully
developed, laminar flow in a tube with radius R1 (See Figure 1). In the middle of the
tube is a solid rod with radius R2. The viscosity of the fluid flowing in the annulus is
and the pressure drop over a distance L is P. [15]
Determine also the position of the maximum velocity. [5]

Figure 1

NOTE: Show all algebraic calculations.

QUESTION 2 [15]
Find expressions for the velocities Vr and V for a cylinder without circulation

V0 x

cos
r

Make use of Bernoullis equation to find an expression for the boundary pressure
around a cylinder without circulation. Refer to figure above (Figure 2).
Calculate the drag and discuss the result briefly.

Figure 2

QUESTION 3 [10]
The velocity potential for a certain inviscid flow field is given by:

3 x 2 y y 3
Where has the units of m/s when x en y are in meters. Determine the pressure
difference (in pa) between point 1 (1, 2) and point 2 (4, 4) where the coordinates are
in meter, if the fluid is water and elevation changes are neglible. The temperature of
the water is 20C.
QUESTION 4 [5]
Water approaches a device for diverting a portion of the flow. The water is moving at
a speed of 3m/s and is at a temperature of 5C. At what distance from A along the
horizontal part of the diverter will the laminar boundary layer be a thickness of
1.2mm? Use Blasius solution and v 1.519 10 6

QUESTION 5 [15]
In the autogyro, the lift is developed by freely rotating vanes. The rotation is caused
by the aerodynamic forces on the vanes themselves. Using flat-plate theory, what is
the aerodynamic torque needed to overcome skin friction for an angular speed of
the vanes of 50 r/min? Take each vane to be a flat plate of dimension 4.5m by 0.3m.
The autogyro has 3 vanes. The air is at a temperature of 10C. Transition takes place
5
at Re cr 3.2 10 .
Consider as an approximation, the equation for smooth plates, low Reynolds number
5
flow to be valid for the turbulent boundary layer. Take 1.55 10 and p=101.404
Pa
FORMULA SHEET

v
v v v v 2
v
r vr r r vz r
r r
r
z
t
1 vr vr 1 2vr 2 v 2 vr
p
Br

r
2 2

r
r 2 r 2 z 2
r r r r
v v v v v
v
v
vr r vz
r
r
r
z
t
1 v v 1 2v 2 vr 2 v
1 p
B

r
2 2

r
r 2 r 2 z 2
r r r r
v v v
v
v
z vr z z vz z
r r
z
t
1 vz 1 2 vz 2vz
p
z
2
r
2
2
z
z
r r r r

V x V y V z

0
x
y
z

r r

r
r

V x V y Vz

0
x
y
z

p
V2
z
const

2g

Vx

Vy

Vr

Vx

Vy

r r

Vr

1
r

V
r
r
r

y
x
curl V

x
y

cf 1 w 2
2 U
Cf

1
2

4.96

x
Re x

D
U 2 A

D w dA

Cf

Cf

Cf

1.328
Re L
Re cr
A

1 V x V y

2 y
x

Cf

0.074
1

Re L 5
1
2

0.664
cf
Re x

1.328
Re L

300 000
1050

y
y
u 2U U

T DR

C f 1.89 1.62log
e

Re L

D
U 2 A

V x V y Vz

0
x
y
z

du
w
dy w

500 000
1700

2.5

4.64

x
Re x
10 6
3300

3 10 6
8700