Fluid power system design laboratory report

Name :ID NO :- GSE/0918/07

Lab Report
1. Objective of the laboratory
a. Main objective :- the main objective of this lab is to see and acquaint students what they
Know in the theoretical part with the existing practical applications using the different
components of the fluid power system.
B.Specfic Objective
To be familiar with components of fluid power system.
To measure the time elapsed during extension and retraction of the double acting
cylinder.
To measure the pressure reading during extension and retraction of the double acting
cylinder.
Identify and observe different hydraulic circuit symbols with their actual parts.
2. Theory
The hydraulic trainer allows assembling a range of hydraulic components using the self locking
hoses joints and connecting the various components fitted on the test bench. For an easy use of
all components are equipped with the quick-acting and self locking devices. These includes
Prime mover :- delivers input energy to a pump of hydraulic system.
Hydraulic pump :- converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
Pressure Gauge: - these are devices that measure the pressures of the fluid at different
positions of the hydraulic circuit.
Double acting Hydraulic Cylinder :- extract energy from the fluid and convert it to
mechanical energy. Such a cylinder can be extended and retracted hydraulically along a
straight line path.
T-connections and elbows :- these are fittings that joins two, three or four pipe lines that
provide continuous flow of the fluid to different branches of the hydraulic system.
Pressure Relief valve :- relief valve limits system pressure and establishes working
pressure.

 Two position four way control valve(Manually operated type :- typically used to control
the flow directions to and from double-acting cylinders. A four way valve permits the
cylinder to both extend and retract under hydraulic pressure.
Connecting hoses with quick acting coupling and self locking devises :- these are
hydraulic system components that convey the fluid from one location to another.
Safety devices such as ( on-off buttons and emergency stop button)
The on-off buttons are used to start and end the operations of the hydraulic system.
3.Procedures(Experimental Setup)
a.We have checked that the main distribution board is in its off position.
b. Next we have assembled all the components according to the attached figure.
c. We have checked that all hoses and fittings are assembled in their proper position.
d. Switch on the main distribution board of the power supply.
4. Recording the result
The materials that we use in this laboratory are;
Stop watch, pen and paper.
We have made three trials for this experiment and the output is shown as follows in the following
two charts.
a. Result Observed
Chart-1
First Trial
Time(Second)
Extension
Retraction

5.2

Second Trial
Time(Second)
4.9

Third Trial
Time(Second)

Average time
(Second)

4.9

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.13

First Trial

Second Trial

Third Trial

Average Reading

Reading(Bar)

Reading(Bar)

Reading(Bar)

(Bar)

Chart-2

Extension(P2)

12

11.2

11

11.43

Retraction(P3)

26

26.5

26

26.17

b.Discussion
Errors
As we look from the above charts the time recorded in the three trials are different value for both
extended and retracted postions.And these errors comes due to :Delaying the stop-watch starting and ending time.
Error in reading the manometers at the end of the extension and retraction of the piston.
Outputs
Looking from chart 1, even though there is an error in the recorded time; the time taken for
extension is greater than the time taken for retraction. Since for the same extension and retraction
stroke length as well as the same pump flow rate it is expected that the piston retraction velocity
is grater than that for extension due to the effect of the rod. And using the formula for retraction
and extension time( time of retraction =Stroke/Velocity of retraction, time of extension
=Stroke/velocity of extension) leads us a conclusion of extension time is to be greater than
retraction.
Similarly, looking from chart-2, different values of P2 and P3 are recorded in the three trial ; but
we have greater amount of average pressure values for retraction stroke than extension stroke.
This implies that since the rod is connected to external load the two pressure gauges measure
the resistance due to the weight of piston and rod,resistance of external load and friction drop
along hydraulic lines and fittings. Hence as expected, more pressure is required to retract than to
extend for the same load due to the effect of the rod.

5. Conclusion
What so ever we made errors in our experiment of this laboratory; we arrive at the following
conclusion.

When the rod is connected to external load compared to extension stroke less time is required to
retract the cylinder.
The average reading of the two pressure gauge of the extension (P2 ) is less than the retraction
(P3) of the piston leading the conclusion that more pressure is required to retract than to extend.
Thus more horsepower is supplied by the cylinder during the retraction stroke because the piston
velocity is greater during retraction and the load force remain the same for both stroke.