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*ri'btdtt"> /: 4 F{E.i

This book is a workbook designed for the study of the listening comprehension
portion of the new
Japanese Language Proficiency Test which began

in 2010. The new test contains a wider range of

listening comprehension questions and listening ability is measured in various

different ways. This
book offers exercises specially created for learners ofJapanese who want
to take the test so that they
can become accustomed to the test format and get higher scores.

Exercises

in this book include those in which learners can enrich vocabulary and those which

involve reading and answering questions. You may think that these exercises
are unrelated to

listening comprehension, but, in fact, they foster basic skills. Listening comprehension
is just
another part of understanding Japanese. It is an activity in which people comprehend
the gist of

story by utilizing various techniques such as knowledge about sounds, vocabulary,

sentence patterns,
context' and topics. Use these techniques efficiently, and practice while reviewing
your

listening

skills in order to get closer to achieving the listening skills ofnativeJapanese

speakers.

The structure of this book corresponds to the listening comprehension questions

in the Japanese
Language ProficiencyTest, but, as mentioned above, the aim of this
book is to foster basic skills to
develop listening ability. Consequently, its contents are not only for
those who want to prepare for
the test but also for those who want to use this book for their regular listening
classes, or for those

who want to do listening exercises at home.

{& Features of

1l

this Book

This book's units are structured according to the

Japanese Language proficiency Test.

Unit

Task-based Comprehension

Unit 2

Gomprehension of Key points

Unit 3

Comprehension of General Outline

Unit 4

Verbal Expressions

Unit 5

Ouick Response

2) Thir

book is structured so that you can start with exercises to acquire basic skills and

doing exercises which are close in format to the real test.

Acquiring basicskills lExercisesl

Step

These exercises help you to acquire the necessary skills in order to be able to
answer each test question. There are four exercises: hearing sounds, vocabulary and

expressions

I
I

for listening, hearing grammatical patterns, and understanding the

feelings of the speaker.

Step 2

Checking what you have learned in the

You

will find these

format

Step 3

exercises at

unit

[End-of-unit Exercises)

the end of each unit. These exercises have the same

as the Test.

Answering questions with the same format as the

test

[ActualTest Exercisesl

We have prepared tests with the s"-e-format as the actual test. The number of
questions is different from the actual test, but you

will become accustomed to the test

and be able to checkyour skills with these exercises before you take the test.

3l

The aims of the exercises in each unit are as follows.

O Step

lExercisesl

@Hearing sounds (Units 01 .02.03'04'05)

langrage.

If

you do not know about these changes, you may not be able to identi$r words or

grammatical patterns, even those that you know well.

speak

: Some sounds can change in spoken

If you do not have many opportunities to

with native speakers, this section will help you to recognize changes in sounds.

Vocabulary and expressions for listening (Units 01 . 02. 03 . 04 . 05) : In spoken

language, there are often words and expressions whose meanings are
understand from their sounds.

In this

section, we deal

difficult to

with onomatopoeic words, mimetic

words, loanwords, words of Chinese origin, and honorific language, and you
and understanding.

guess or

will study listening

grammatical patterns (Units 01 - 02. 03 . 05) : It is difficult to have an

immediate understanding of the relationships between speakers or the directions of objects

@ Hearing

or actions in a conversation. In this section, we deal with modifying nouns, the causative, the
passive, the causative-passive and benefactive verbs. These are grammatical patterns that you
have studied in beginner's and lower-intermediate levels; you should become accustomed to
listening to them, too.
@ Understanding

the feelings of the speaker (Units 04 . 05) : There is more than one

expression that can be used

in a number of different

in a certain situation and we

ways.

express our feelings and intentions

This section contains listening exercises focusing on various

situations so thatyou can memorize avaiety of words and expressions.Youwill also practice
listening to fixed expressions such as salutations which are usefirl to know.

O Step

[End-of-Unit exercisesl

End-of:Unit exercises have the following three

steps.

First, do Exercise 1 by yourself After this, you can check the key points to

see

how and where

you need to listen and what you need to consider in order to answer the questions. Then try
Exercise 2 which has the same format.

C Step

[ActualTest Exercisesl

We have prepared two tests which have the same format as the actual test. The following table
shows a comparison of the numbers of questions in our tests and in the actual test.

N3

l0

Actualtest

This book

6 questions

5 questions

6 questions

5 questions

3 questions

2 questions

4 questions

3 questions

9 questions

7 questions

.::!;':.:,:1,,:

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1) lExercisesl
lExercisesl have two sections: reading questions and listening questions.
You do not need the CD for the reading questions. You can check these with the text, so practice
reading carefirlly and understanding these questions.

You

will

need the

CD for the listening

questions. Answer these questions while listening to

the CD. There are different types of questions such as those in which you write the words you
hear and those in which you choose the best answer from the options provided after listening to

conversation.

Here are some examples of exercises for understanding the feelings of the speaker .

.,You,can listen to exereises with this symbd,.

'

,,theCp.

Herc,listentotheGD and considar

ens to find tfie best answer.

the

c otf;.'<. *&ciita*it urllttot.

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2l lEnd-of-unit Exercisesl
Herewe

exphin.how,d{t,figl';i;ibiiLi.

Fit:r!,.wOr*,thrOugli:,ith cX' Aiie;

A .*.
l 6 l "* '
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Tr.k-bsed conprdensior exer.res

:rncEs dd qnesdo6;

can be done

in

thB following

us.

1.

Ltte, to briedns

b es, vatding Frhtcd choias (bftes or illstudon* 3 Lbten

- 6. qlBdons .Fh, od choo* ihe b6t answer fom anong thc cioices. In these hd of_udr
ds,
*

2, LGren

pade s.ltug ks!,based

CD, md solre ExeEhe 1. You

diry.

N*,

-F4#E
=lqtr),

solw rhe extrd$s

conpreheDston *ercts

wit hde

placti.ily

+46!trEfttrHln,+tu

the
in

doE e&.

wl: FF, [*en to

scdtr &d hinr in 6e tolosng

hodse

pagc,

e Ft dF

on

:=.gffiS&4.

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rFpE dqi!,
"&a.44". J]' cD
2iFE

4u

There are keys and hints that

2.

dqr*;

=.n+H i+id

Next, read the transcripts.

you ctn

Flflr.

+c .T4 +41e1 i:e 4+r+ ?+qq

: +9. 3+r+ 43+S E:4.
2 .i4q 9: dq4 ( 3,tli grl:! ) eg
=
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exereises ag;in!.:' ,r,.:.:. .:,:rir,.1.::::::'r'.

tt &e

l2

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3) Ttris book and its answer booklet

In addition to the above-mentioned

of

exercises, this book contains the transcripts of the contents

the CD at the end of the main volume. When you want to check the contents of the CD with the
text,use the transcripts, referring to the number on the CD symbol t

f) I

beside each Exercise.

The answer booklet contains answers and explanations. You can refer to this when you want to
check the answers for exercises or when you want to know how to answer the exercises that you did

not understand or for which you gave the wrong answers.

t3

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sentdces lnd quilions; 2. Lbrcn to

b de

qusdons

aFh,

be done in the followirg ways. 1.

tds, wa(hng pinrd 6oic6 (knes

and chmse ihc

soMns.

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Lttn to brieing

ilusFdors)i

3.

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or

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o tl

2) ol 4. z1z4.J

Cg 7le? ++El

g#g + gtE+ +61-z 9l+!4.

Step

I
m

,rl{aN.rl ,{.{al

e^leg

ag 7l=tr1 (?!=)
4 E4l *ts rll gs* 6J9 zle= +"J,lEl. r+9

.4lql Tlvl+

49=.

ul:E4Pi

Ezl_t tAE}=

g+ q

Step

80il^1 HllE

unit

I #

aE

Etrt (Bel Edll

^1e6il
E4l Flql *+qr+.

d4l E^lle+,Je 49 E4l qr+.

{c e4otr Edl= =0t Etrt td Edt)

Step

e^ler+ ae ^19 E4l

+41+= e^]6J4 trIsZluJ, ;.lajol

=ts]*+qr+.
sl4afizlTl 9Elol
dg
i'qg ^ledl Brlrl.
^le

3) 4

*9 + Ex]lg +4e El+r+ a+'l+.

O Step 1

(g!+)

e rEg Ezll (unit 01 .02.03.04.05) :+qql^-l= *ol oJF HEl6l= aol 9+q
ul. "l4. s=d *.Jl ?,= "Jol1-l +H"14 dls 5gg 4l "Jxl *dJ fE. gt+qr+.
"J+olzl g+q"J ^lH:g g+ E+ 7l4zl t4z) $,= ^l+g oiTlql^l +9 Hsl
"ir-d

+d^19-.

'E-d-l (unit ot .02 .03.0+.os) : TgqlC + }ol= qfl+ -g

6"I= +98+El 9"lE +<i;lA+ ol61617l qeJe 4ol gl+q+..l7lql^l= 9c
ol-$Eilq,9rll9, *z}"l , AqE 4+q, ol E_z 0lal16l= +g Eiqr+.

[Ad=

+l:et 0{+l

[egE Ezll

(unit 01 .02. os.os) :

4E] 6]'. 9l= ^]+59 +zl+ +a, +z]el

P*i
E-z ule olallalzl qB+q4. olTlql^J= ^l +^1,
^lE, +F, ^lq +F,
='e
q+6il
++ t^l Fg qtrqr+. afr+El 1+3 qgql^l q++ EHol;4l+,
=7lqlE

d44.

[rUtE B= 0l6llEttrll (unit o+. os) : q e]trq]4 + 9l= Eg a[{z} o}u]

qq ztzl gH o E_ zlBol,* gE= dg6l:a gl+'lEl. .lzlglrl= gg +qe+ s
'4 "
qlg "f6l7l 94q elBg ^J46lB^l
+g -Jq4. E+, e]9l +E 4+ "J^l
==
Fq d sg
+E 'Jq4.

==

O Step 2

lel Edl)

4 Ex]l= 3 +zl-q +Ylq 916'l+.

+de zld9 9= ErI 1g Eq B^14. _zrl*, ExI E"lg s"Jtrql^] qq= qzl
Er C46le +g;<l +.J+ + 9+q4. -24.2 * d trJ Ag ^lg EAlz q Edql B^l
El.

O Step 3

(f, Edl)

e^loJ4'Je 49 E^ilE 2 slB

.tJE}.

=El*+q4.

E^tc

0t

6E

-E
cf

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c ir:

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2E

4E

3E

9E

-E

la:

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(el+)

t+l g =zl rgl:il += E4lr rEl *ts E4lr tr_ LlHq glGr]E}.
rgll *ts EdL ts CD ql +Col
glxl g*frJrl. Ezle +e+ + gle rrE * 9ll
=oi

g46t= +g dl +d^le
r=a += E4lr E CDql *col Eq gloo,tr- cD= EgE^l q +d^19. oJol5g
gg 4= E4l , slsl Elr. dq;<lql^l .]l+r+ "*= 4. -lLe= E4l F ojel zlzl 4ol 9l
.

+Lltr+.

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t

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=!

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ot I @t I @t I
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ot

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23

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(el Edl)
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6D

ltr.B. &.afitt=vzct'attta. +abL, rcgzr,

Task based .onprehension exeiches can be done in rhe following wF. 1. Ltten to briing

ro

de quesdos

qeEi*s,

2.

Ltten

ffi, v*chins

to

again, ard doose

*e b$t

pdnred choi@s

mswer

pracdce soldng Es!-brsed con!reheGion *eicbes

th CD,

dd

soldn&

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solre Exedse 1. Yon

solve Se

dll

haw rh

df

dr.tes pncdq[y h Etudse

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ftFft

(trrec

tom mong th
h

dd hins i!

or

ilusradontr

choices.

EZI

H#r:r,tea6,u.

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senhnes md qustionsi

<'

<,

3.

Lcten

Ei{E E:q 4Al ^5AE

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+d^t-?..

In r!e* cnd of unii

moE reilstic wat Fnli hren ro

the fonowfg

pgq

so

Fr iF

on

2.

cD

t+.EE*trftry" PitrE+tEtr?.
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o "J4el a= {q.l ( +31+ "J?t.E)
l ri^t + { 3E+3
!e1 ;"t^t 7t*
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o

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24

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ta

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25

6=eroffi86fr^.
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6fitr\\ L t'lh

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30

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F'18I ' FdEE2

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54

Unit 04

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Unit 05

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The oudine of the listening test is as follows.

1l Test times
Lisxqning,

N1

110 minutes

60 minutes

N3

105 minutes

50 minutes

:,l{$i,'

100 minutes

40 minutes

N4

90 minutes

35 minutes

N5

75 minutes

30 minutes

2) Range of scores

[i!!S

Level*

f\lt 'v l\[$:'

I20 points

]rS:,

60 points

3) Summary of linguistic competence required for each level

N1: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations,
news rePorts, and lectures, spoken at natural speed

in

a broad

vaiety of settings, and is able

to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents comprehensively. One is also able to
understand the details of the presented materials such as the relationships among the people
involved, the logical structures, and the essential points.

N2: One is able to comprehend orally presented materials such as coherent conversations and
news rePorts, spoken at nearly natural speed in everyday situations as well as in a broad
variety of settings, and is able to follow their ideas and comprehend their contents. One is
also able to understand the relationships among the people involved and the essential points

of the presented materials.

N3: One is able to listen and comprehend coherent conversations in everyday situations, spoken
at near-natural speed, and is generally able to follow their specific contents

as

well

as grasp

the relationships among the people involved.

N4: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations encountered in daily life and generalh.
follow their contents, provided that they are spoken slowly.
30

N5: One is able to listen and comprehend conversations about topics regulady encountered in
daih, life aod classroom situations, and is able to pick up necessary information from short
c0rlTErsrtions spoken slowly.

l| tpe of test items and numbers of questions

I Htsed

N3,''

of Kev, flrints

.qhnchercfion

of Go*oral' Outtine

fbl

Egressions

$runespo"se

-fraa

Gomprehension

fltffices
F

N2

t hrehension
n

Gomprehension

I4

t2

'N4.,.

of test item types

H+asea

l@l

nl5

N1

Gomprehension: test ability to extract necessary information to resolve specific

I
I

hnq

md understand appropriate action to take

@)gfatension

of Key Points: test ability to narrow down points

based on necessary

;m$;rmr*rn presented in advance

t
i

r@ihll:bensbn of General Outline: test understanding

fuquelltst
(@$hd

of speaker's intention and ideas

E4ressions: test ability to select appropriate verbal expressions by listening to

mrmrn*trrces while looking at illustrations

l@ll

Fesponse: test ability to select appropriate responses by listening to short utterances

gm$ esquestions

t@,*ffreO
ry.o

Gomprehension: test understanding of contents through comparison and

of muhiple information sources by listening to relatively long text

3t

[F'+iTHEffig
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ii

so

illF-ifrH
o

3)

rzo4l

- ao4|

+friLEffif;

N1

EVWsfr

frth

ffi- Mth A + EH EB EFx{ifr . ff E E i#tr Ft d, j+frwffi

ffi XAU&-\ trW)Yffiffi fix+, ++EtH.
Hq

i T IAXru

6.
^

^+tn

T &&

EH

Y,

frLrr

&

nH

brr

A, frj H&-

ffin #

efrEVi

ffi&[E

HiE

H!

tr F xf i6& #i tH,

rE

ffi

t Tx

XA, f HEt.e.:"
^+tnffi

N3

+, AYW nn lfrt*fiE

H'

iFE

f!,

xfifiHlFtrtr6"

32

fr?W r\tfr +fri*i8ffi

N5

xf

lR

f fl 9 )L+

Ft H! E

x{i6,

^+,n

N4

XA&

@+fr fr ]h

,|FHE

E H th

H'+i6"

A + ffi E :ElryIilft! E zJ' xf ifr

, fr?W nfi ,lfrH,Z,q

H! {H,H.

f$effi

1)

f Efi*il*r
,:FlI
T

nI

:{

$
I

t;
?.

L4

T2

IEilItH
ffiEI
@ mEt

: ft

:,!t #ffi

@rt3t:
nftnC

@rffit|l

{F lojffi

ffi H

lilf,EqF*B, A + +tttjt[ffi

ttgffi inifr

ffi81,
=

H!ffi

ffi,tiVd,ifrEE

W#,ffif,-jfr

: ffiFKF!-

frl'fH,H. "

Kfr+d*.

, )h#Artt1fr1fr"

, )$f+AtrF!x{6.

W:ffi

L?f:lyrh\tft

*+tr- 8., rLffi*Jtr "

33

Al:d9

8"=ll
dal rlHg 4.qE El+r+
1)

a+q4.

^l:d ^14

=EE

110

608

105

50e

100

408

:,

!*2.

2)

:He.

90e

JO ;r

t)
-/J-r

308

a-

ll

Et+t

o-1204

0-60d

3) EllE e!el 7l=

*H9 zlE.il^l zl^qs +Eg a4 plEl+ +i^ zJg E_r., oJolzlg EFr+
.]l+, F+'JE9 +zl+'I+g E4 +c F tdlal
"l"1612rf .qzl +Eg + 9l

N1:

tri.

ol4zl +Hg zltrql^J + gleB zl^als +Eg c49 El

Elr+ +iaE Ez, ololzlg 6oj+.]l+. Fal"Jg +ZlE ol;llalzl4 -qzl= rlqlg

N2: 9dF4"J arEB"J

9lEl.

"Jt4ql *Eql^.] 4a zlg:zlS +Eg C49 E*9 Ei+ Er ololTlg

"J Lll+ F+"J9 +41 Fg C46lE^l zl9 oldlg + tEl.

N3:

N4:

+414

oJt4oJ *Eql^-l trlA da6l ololzlslE slEl4tr'rl+g

Z9 ol;Ig + 9lE}.

-n{o14 41tr F, .J"JCg +ql^lE z}+ ++= altrql^l dd6l ololzlq= 3tre q
Elf+E gs+ CH
+ 9iEl.

N5:

=g

3a

::ir$g,,:.

,,,.4:

t4

t2

I
I

5I

EIilE EE

@4{ old: *414'J +41 a}aql gs+ CH= 9o}El,

*4=

oldle

@gge

olall:

E+-

E}+"I

+E 6t= 'Zl"l 4

iltszl E=4.

^}d"il 4l^lg "il+g =48.$o|, EoJE= c6lq

@ne. olfl; 4:-e d4lE+El slzl9 9E+ ++ Fg oldle

EdAAIL')=EL
az
I
-^AL-'l

EL

glEzl tr=4.

4+ ggl= dq'J f gl*xl E=

@gif Efl: "J44E= Btr^l *+ g
=j1
4_

*e *s}E E]l 4+ *Bg dqe f *tsxl E=tr}.

@Ctold: Z! 4^E= Ei1 ++9 CsE ull.$*rlE^l Lll+g ol6llg f 9tszl
@rF.ll|

=Ef

4E F9

BFET.

35

'{t

SPft

iF 0)

#T

filtfz6 t**, h ) CI
t,

efi

I' fz t ) +Eit\ P

l'r'

/ \ -f

: ?,?

^
\*f . t--#ffiIe
Ecfc! t,/s7f |. ?8 E UtrtrtLl#:r,;Etl.l\Ztti*b<l
g+-t l*. fEt \Ffr ,) E,/'S /et# A ffi 3 ry U . eAEa 6 t TT 6 Z t 6,8 l-, <
7

6 h' t

tJ

h'

h\ &F.tJ6 l"1EE T

-f
"

At work and in our daily lives, we decide what we need to do next by talking to the
people around us and obtaining instructions and advice. In Task-based Comprehension
h r:\ \ ,t
-iRftEJTE4'l,

you can measure your ability to extract the required information from

short conversation and your ability to choose the appropriate action correctly.

{t{tlC tff.f[,Li{.F,

- r ffi i

H'=,(FHEJE;

'.iti5.
lel4+a S'H " " i4 F4'E,q+ " nft Etf iltl i**

((5rJ^l[+ifrft]l?.Lr"rlil. iq'il8
'Fi ift e u,f 'E't' + A\ E
eU 6,t{.1Rffi fi!

.4, irFii*ifr trfr8w4wfr86fr'rt\)&l+.

{t*=4 "J5l'l+ ,l^l+;to br ord'J Lr

oJ#Llrl.'il*ll ol"-,1 r i :]* "l"F'5|+F] +9-"J
-"11 o11dF "j "J- A!61--a
X{= *ol-Er. slE},1-rkl- sorl g "Jg gEf =Ar !qg -: o.,1.=.: ;36}=
"Jol+

^8Ff

E4l"JLl+.

+.rl^l +zrEg +E

EOFq:8ry td U) ^.,'ffi#
: : rrr,iTE#r nlaffi < ffiga Lt-l-, fff L *, :
ir/.o /c 4. ffL+f <t6l:eD13. i-11*1'tta67:
(prl>

Err.^.6
Ertt*.bb

*
l?A,re4>oJ [c*arrv.-] *
[*ra

DJ

lroeDFaiiiffi-r alca\rt=l
I A,) tt=/s->/:0 Li.t"

kl

lie&re DJ
l?A,rs$ A,)

f">*.A*wl

In this section, you will practice hearing WE I /" ) (the sound of the kana "n"). When speaking, [.tJ
is inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an ercpression or to replace
ease

tli

or

I fr by I h )

for

ofpronunciation.

ftErTtffiE+!,+F.nX "t-".

qTlql^.i=

gg (t#B) l/-J g

ol t-A,lol EqTlTlE

+g -Jq+. "Je q +qg g"lE ,J4i;l7l +16l

6.1r, EJ6l7l Zl 6lzl g6lq r-flr+ 7g gol l-rjol gzls.Elqq.
==

affi

*r5eh'EL?.}

DAFir\(. Err{b??!\

\(.

*5er,

ffr; TttzEtE

r,r( ( /i'd t,r"

tr

(frU) E ot>fi'bTto(

6 t"-rr

Dtla"

Js&rr D

) fi/sfrf /:-" fr>tL. hi#rFo'fi.

(2) <0+6, <ot. * t: L<tiv.<.
(3) lrl:/.4*/et.ts&)"
(1

6 tZ6I=6651s

r7r

/rt:

lrv."

Ith

t:

(4) Zao)t abrrl < bi't>/rLr,Ltlia.

(5) ?l,taa l)+ levrI"

(6)

&rb

Lt

Dv.nF/eO('.
t\i

tih,

Q) A: XD+/jr.b

6a

/lx('ti

bl:L

LffiLv\oo

r\

< J, L

L/cI"

->T, ?A,razl'-t

I i L<

3>c

B : /j-,1'. Svr&/j6O.
/.ljt' rf/"rfn
(8) i - /u, :omffi.
+*t>tt't2fgtt]-..s&).
(9) ?/'tsl:/c ( AZ"A-rb/u/rvr&"
6

(f0)

JrZ

BiBD13{vro

ltt

Fi.c/:fa.

39

:. L\
=tE-E=rIr-r

6r)z)'t,t

ffiffiAfc[>0) trF:ft

'tIE, (1)

t'

h/L

5 trr r'

/ ffEE;E.MffiFE

. Z6Et#l*#;B (FJ ,'H o>Eo [:r-u:j"r:J) P,

Atf#tr;+ (fiJ : Fit*a < ( [v.6v.6] th) zJ:tc< E /-bv) *f. ^PVJaffi+
{.il:ffif L
3 I < &t"/L(v)6 Ar, t)rt'A LEfljrf.
E+ffii:tJ.

Ff,

5 Ll,r -

In

Japanese,

[:f 11:tI]J

we have many

for

#t*ffi

(onomatopoeic words) which represent sounds that we hear (e.g.

a rumble of thunder) and ffi,EQE* (mimetic words) which represent the way people

and things are (e.g. the state ef [v I

tr: 6

because the train doesn't come). These are usefirl to know

because they are often used in conversation.

+,H \P? tHP)F E tu1 " ilF

tz\ 8 F ffi " :r E :1" rl " ), #7F

fi * H! " fl/*id " ( lr
^ET+hffi
H+BE7F* +t+E H.W ffi "[ v. [ 1' t, Jt a" ) " 84id tr iE + HlF-tw*,+ffi
tr&HE* *tpfi tr "
fr iE

id " ( ir

fl.il 54= +g +4,1= gcq ( d : dEl4q r+= = (:rEl:fI] )r ) e+ ^l+

ol+
g
^lgg s+g +Ell-ll= Eil"l ( 9l : d;lzl llxl g:ol^.1 iql+ ( vr f r,r 6 )r *;14 )
7l *ol 9+q4. +"1 "Jg zli rl*9 oe "Jj1 ilgE 4'Jqr+.
"l
"Je.olql=

f,
.:-,.;;,',,;..t;,

et
(ffr)

,,i$|f,t

'' .

3
9f ffitt(. (
13

6r,

r\teA{*.
r.6i:tli$i

Lr

t-.

#*Tffid*

L x5"
a

(r) ?0><cti,-tl:b. Fv.7rt- Fl:

o

uottl
(2) dlz$Lo)+ffir

(3) nrffirr
{."t)

) L(v.*f"
) h,bnrx"

r,'

r. tt,{

IitL

i ,. D, ffiri

(6) ,.sAr.Lt*

.:

7/

) E,biL<. !\ffiu /:"

L/:i'" (

I661Lr(.

,'< r:A

.ir4

t, z'

6E=RL<

$ct

<Z

( /j 3v.*a"

t5

4h'

#!2-. A"T</i'dur"
"

(nl i gr o .E,L'>/:
illt i

(2|
(3r

({}

(5t

) i:rs-r(3/:"

8t; rll

{5) n-6fr b/evt$o)\I.

et

) <"f r"

4& /rirH FnA

ia

L\a

HE*zSrtrh'6lg

( abab ) L<#st"->aL*.i"

thaaEt*-B+

"t

h'

) C; Ltfa=t\(< /:'{r,r"

I e *'f
I

il

o-4.b6lrvr

I e..v.r
I e/:<3i,
]

J:'-/ei.irpr.1fpr/j

@ eGriffiv\

fiI$6/rHv.

@brt'Dl:(v.

o4r

lrA'lsT

@ ffiH

frfr.i:

6/:l

bra

(Fatrrv'

t.t

*{,

tt

L,/-lfr.

C,L.HilL/:

bv'

@ |nftzl';b

+U/-fa

tzl'If

OLD

t:0)

lrL

b6

-Afc
hE4

Hv\/:

4t

**o)

Fqt

Bry U ( 1

) -H#i,Uhff

rI

EAEF(ii. lfiLo+l [*irv. tsft) aJ i i:. ZorHiao>nrcZrH#t6tii-f a;+

LriLr(ti?
ffbv) *f" : tLtt@ffiFn:c 6lElDr. tfirrq -/:E) t:'itA,AA^\6 ffiry-l aI i l:
'fv.*f. rfr.6. [H.&o t Stt:.W+t#.i-< ( /iEc /:fr,4) aJ)raDLF.v,W'l#
t2
gf rr*. l-H&o L 3 i:&+a #.2< /:'a
<
= /:l iilrr afi',lAbrHllr,&ldiffiarr..
ftl&.*rmr.av. L *;i. rl *-rt/,. * /:. tffiHI oFJo>& i i:. ,Btiiffir+l.hXi#ffi*'
bb.Lba t)t'r" i.o.z: v tra'ii'r,Adffirabytififl.fifrB, :z:v l.02ritffi

<f*BtL*.Lri"
lfiLa+),Itir-v./rlE] .Thisisalsothecase
fot MffiFf (modifring clauses) such as lflirHa /:4] , taitraA-i bttf-).Therefore, in longer
modifring clauses such as 1Bffi.0> L * tt.W+t#.2< ( /j 3 c /:ft41 , we can't identify if tHii
InJapanese,weputmodifiersbeforenounssuchas

at3t:&+t#.i<(/iSc/:lisasentenceoramodif,ingclausethatmodifiesthenoununtil
we hear the end of the sentence. As shown in the examples in the Exercises t $X B
clause can contain another modi$ring clause.

, a modi$ring

In this Unit, you will practice reading sentences with

modifying clauses and in Unit 2 you will practice listening to them.

I*

+" " * tvv' rs lE" Bt+, E -,!-b AEI U H tr trAffi IE ffi trrq. E t+&A- e tAtH
EIUI&friEIqtfrEiA, Ftlts, "tLrtrH.->/:4" ". tt/,A-\ bfr.tJfr". Wtft, l^ "Ht*.a L 3l:ff
+ t #. z < ( /i I c /: E' ts++, ffi a+iK tv tft Ei^ id4l",Z^nfi T\Fvtr, #i4f[ trE
-a im H
&.arcryryt#.z< ( /:'F '" /c", [H*Mrfrtrffitrta1FlEiE" fr^, E J?frZl fr16tJEJ+ , H
fr\ Et + n FiE + tr i
" # tuL2*, 2 i* .df+ 6t +, 4n oz tfr 4 Fn .d.t+ fr\ Et + "
H iE

"

tL

9E

tu1

"

tu1

dJeq"ll^l= ltLa)+) [*fuv.rrlEj e]'J"l B^t *q:7

B^] +46]= "Jol gl+qE].
ol= +4ql^lE pl<lzlzl=. lfiirHc/cAl t;ril"aA^r6*!xJ 4 zJ"i #L]4. :7/]''E

lBtfr.aLSriw+t#.z< (/:3c/eft,+.) 4 rJol 4* 7J +4ql^J=, tHita;L*i:ft+

t#.2< ( fi6: /:) zl * E*oJzl gg B^l +^l"Jrl ulzlr,]zlz] Ezl 9+9tr g + S+
q4. E*, t+r 9 qEql^Jzl=J +^lA oJql irl"1 gl= a+E *+q+. Unit 01 9lr.l
+.1"1 gl= Eelg gl= g+, unit 02 ql^]=
+g EI^]4.
=
==

EL

E)I'LLD)LJ(

IJ?d,LI

*.tffil:-T. e=AfgEftfrfrr6zttfEl l6Eit\(. Znt#EAL(t\6 t z6

E_Ad1lt(( t'dut.
7I

l:

0L

IIL

J'<

Et-' Kf "r (v.6nir#(v.6mtt.

ILE

#E E l-ltb? : fA&;d

O}

&)

d,rrr+I-4 v L/clE a>ltf"

L

A,Au\ A )u&

. |iln "r/cv.6 Of.ffi.hf:1rr $ O.

ht:L

bza
,

fr-(

vr

f i'"

4$

lir.\

:T * /: c r,1.. = - L --E^& fr,a)Eir.l.z /:"

(i

a<L l,'

,'la

r vaE < dlrsll Lv.&/jll L. dLAH i fj#6lsvr f.

*J

E(

lf Lr
l#FJf {>

/av."

L]6t'

OL

ltli!

tt. L a

ri

clc)ultiffivr(vr 6*1|.,'afro

(,

L :!

v\

l*/J

cL x l3f 6tt$l:u v.(ff L/:"

43

*Le>aF,lffi
;R4ffiHEomru|t.

'IToiB

Vr,tri

rf"

fiir,ilHtrHrdlIaHt<.

@ EilFjdft(r'6#ffinh (x++ i -z t ) tarshtbtjnfl<.

@ i-trgFtr6Eflur(. Ffiitio:++5Ei*+lr* Enti B,si,

:o t* LEa)FdE-J clr. #Fe&ffirHffia. HHl.;tru'trrd,<ffiBa L* Lr i.

*f.

CD

2ffivr(FdE t
t

t&r'<a(

*f i.6. M*fiazy
<Jri. L r i.
b9

Task-based Comprehension

c3'ox- )Ez?

y hrr
tcrt,h-* L r a " zab L. p"5Ez <'-. *Hl:FdEaErv.

(-#84ffi)

<

/:-fl v:o

t) 71. L L
u'ar''

Exercises should be done according to the following steps. 1.

Listen to the explanation and the questionl 2. Listen to the conversation while looking at options (text
or illustrations); 3. Listen to the question once more and choose tlle best answer from the list. Practice

doing Task-based Comprehension ( -# Fg W M

Exercises

in a style close to that of the actual test

with the End-of-unit Exercises (* L EoPf,FE). First,listen to the CD and do Exercise 1(F{FE 1).
There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next,
answer the questions in Exercise

2fffrW2).

f{tr4ffi tr+ ffi tr ft,lffiEjtEl?ln

-r .

Oryfinii,BEfflfEtlt.

@-iaifr?S-LFtEf+4 (t?EXzrHtr),

-i2ry*8.

+)e-+FAtr F!6+.
1#trl 41r!nEfrU14i*-f+iFt " E#t*4" . EltEfi cD fiF\tfr4 r" &T-FEi{FE*E
Fll?frffiF4&R+ftrs, iEji+>lEffiffi#J5 , %trffi*4fr4 z"
@Fry-EfE hl, rl.r6f+rF

+4

EEg 4+r+ A+q 4

O t+ Er+ aEEg E=El.
@ .J4Ell gts riqzl ( Ezl4 oJalle ) E Htr^.1 +Eg
==tr}.
CI r+^l * H e+Eg Er dqrl 6ql^l 7l+ 4+ Bg _r=4.
ol r4 E4lr oil^]* 441 oldllg E.4l= d41.il Tlvl+ qi-e += +g -J^14. +d
Ee+ 6JEzl 9l o oE Enl olg
CD E
E4l 1g { u-4,t19. 4+ qlol,zlq
-S
=i1
^rB
g +E6J^14. :49 , i:412 ql^l d4E El]l= Eq B^lq.
ol dll

Ed

d$tr

6Lt:t\

t.tJL

Bfl/

;OHHr{I, :f fElF"l6Hr,\(< t'dr,r" ?nfi'b;66p6r,r?.

1f 5 4A+fi'5, frir\60)A-cit6lvT< /j d!\"

t,tt

T0)

Bn

3- ff,l TrrEi < ?

a!r, tf
4- f,E#iBi (c
E,L

45

bLtt

Ut

<j"t,t"

HtJ

ffir , *a^t,EtrriffiL(vr *t"

(z L.rt'*-*fi."

ba,
el

]dhLbi

,'

JEfrabb<.Hc/:

( Lt,

bt/J

o@...

UL

f-DLttL"4)

They ue talking about colors such

(:ir.

6i

atrfl

("""o
ti

/"Jt]

? futtF L;Ra6'v. * t/,. f Cl:ffi Lv. 6 o

L
btr
L *o'E( CI lr ZL * f. lEl D {) OrI 4 Lv.("f
it.

bt:tt

ZZ,r,6 i rf
"
->leaTtta"

ia"

"""

&>,

: ia, CHfr lti/s/1'

*raaEl:l.", /:tl'i. vl o>OffiLvEr

f. abe>rctrEv.*fi..
* *rv''f

f ia" L"i L i i rt,ta" &>, a ot'tf

4/$v.v.lrb" &)oi.

ot

@igaf+f 4>a;ir
rt'2-a$ vrvrA,(.f /."

rf.

tlv.. tl.:: i
t"ao>&E,a,
&ff*ri$;
,'i?
h'i!
L I*6
tiAA *"'iE L-f bi'*:ttAv. v. t /j 3 * f ,r.
F ? ) Ttlt," ......@+ ->trf.0, Za'6.a6 o L
i.,i-( ( /i3v.,

,.L:*4*L/c"

*,D
1.

^ttEa
IED(a

2.

&i:Bi ( z

r.4

L./t'i-*

1->

lffLt,.ts,]

,.1 and

ff [ffit:ar.2/:

"ffi I./e /t' - t:8

# Lv'6", .**El^trfr&. "
lffil:/rrt'2/:&,1 t#Lv.l 4a 4gq1 11;1r1
"

"J6li1 ""t+q4.
@...
<

) l.'f 6 D t

She is wondering

if

she is going to choose shoes of a

a Tr'+ Z< t\

different style.

traEF-trg.tft-e{t+atEF!#"

rl-

@...

lf :ldUl htrF4 2 l.T-{

A < ) Eh\ Z6 Z Z. 8# Z*
tcT

12|,=6

t"

The key is
shoes

of

ZOtrObA

[{'c if

].

She

thinls about choosing

decision, and, in the end, says I

rJ

QlrA"

I tE:(tt*

a difierent style, but then she re-thinks her

ring to the first

"{' c

" lth'aiV4 >

I'fcht. &)EA

io&aL>a)

, refer-

shoes.

" EE.fi " ii'ifr/l]!,aBd46g.&

^HE *,

"

[*,:lf D ] 7] s"Jtr"Jq+.4= qr]S19 ++e]

tsl+= aE c4*zl"J, += 4?g 7i.e 501e+
zljz "J6lr g+q4.
^l f .o&.0)$o) I

7).,

bht

4rr

3. 7+f 4 TrrrE
h L/t

1"c

6rr

4. fE&rrlEi ( u

ELI z
6A.t:L\

O)F"lFET{I.

t2th

\( ( t' d r,'.

B&t

LI:

Znh'5;EAFq:r\(. To)
t&b'
$ct
Ue
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E

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Fql

fl

E H A Efl 3 ry Zffrffit)r eet \ T A"

In our dail'r' lives, we listen to and correctly interpret people's feelings and intentions
rs u'ell as extracting pertinent points from large amounrs of information. In
Comprehension of Key Points

[,$4 7 l.]8ffi1

you can measure your ability to listen

::r the above manner. In N3, there are a number of questions for which you

will

need to

":nderstand the speaker's feelings and the reasons behind what they are saying.

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L*f.
+ [v.acbJ
(ffij) Brrl6
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6

Inthissection,youwillpracticel-'fEElwhicharewrittenwith[aJ .Whenspeaking,[aJt
inserted in order to emphasize the meaning of an expression or to replace another sound. Some
words are changed for ease ofpronunciation.

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i l:gg L( ( t-3v..
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Efl v

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(loanwords) refers to words which were originally foreign words that have become

part of Japanese (these do not include Kango (words of Chinese origin). There are many words
of English origin, but many of them differ from the original words both in pronunciation and in
meaning. Listen to the CD a number of times, and practice listening to the sounds of the words

in order to identify their meanings straight away.

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r ). *f.

CD amv.(F{EE

t&64v'<h< < /jeL\o ?8a;^<- rtt.+r't)

>trt:;a0*trt,b, fu*fia3yt-fi\^*Lr
L

tffiv'<^*Lri"
Comprehension of Key Points

(ff4 > I'&M).

jl tu

). <o>&>&. FdFEzr. Effil:pfiE

Exercises should be done according to the following

steps: 1. Listen to the explanation and the question; 2. Read the multiple choice options during the
pause; 3. Listen to the conversation while looking at the choices; 4. Listen to the question once more

and choose the best answer from the list. Practice doing Comprehension of Key Points

ffi)

Exercises in a style close to that of the actual test

with the End-of-unit

Exercises (

(,t4 y l.IE

* L Ea;Fd).

First, listen to the CD and do Exercise 1 ( PdE 1 ). There are transcripts and hints on the following
page to give you tips on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2

(Pfrffi2).

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@ dqzlE HE^] EEg E=+.
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that it

@...

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vf,

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t

means

lot of money".

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)

. She says, [,EE

before this, so

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56

*tl-h: tr dt lr -h' c

H*I|F, "&rez"

,'?l

fs

gL/:t'

"

"to be on the same day''. However, she

not the day that is the problem either.

"it will cost

^o;ffiM;t

She omits the words

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The man sap,

oi..

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F'

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Bzl9 |tt4rr{[.llu*tJ'c/:) (= tclrli
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a Z ET't ht ?*riEa

aL0:tt->To
M

offis not the problem.

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ZALD lffra*hsRhrehtctcJ (= l-*tl#

'lf,.y> fs ht c fd) tr;? t \(. iE a I E ? f t \ :f !."

'

Z? eftaAWZutart,->t:?

o@...

Her answer to the mmt question, f tr &-'/t W.tt/tti^c

/: J (= you couldnt get time offwork?) is that time

r\

t\

D.?i ( A,ti">rJ ?
t:.
&>b" Xtrt, <tL,

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,

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\Ve don't always pay attention to every single word the interlocuror saysl somerimes
ri-e just listen to get a general idea of the subject in question and whet the inrerlocuror
lvants to say, In Comprehension of General oudine tB*FigE4 ] ,
/ou cilo measure your

ability to listen in the above manner. These exercises are quite dilicult because it is not
po,sible to Iisten to the question before listening to rhe conversarion as in rhe que-rions

in Task-based Comprehension [".Ri.ErSEiJ or Comprehension of Key Poinrs

* I

>

l-,48?

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rtrEr./,.if.iFFl.

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=,rl7l

EoFd8ry,U (3) ^-,?offi

H*ttr,bL.c.*ffi?t$ffi9'6',:d>t:qfr.*>*t<, H#r.t *.-/:r. LtJ'i:,16a L116 0 *'f "
z<bL
tti+./,

v)

*.t. .of i t:. E+=ffia++BUrrB (ffiH. fdg. H#l lr. -#f L 3. v. bv,bfe

Errrypo(v.*frr. lfr.l:6. Rrr4?, birAfi:&)E

llr.o E * 3"* rs#a*.lV,tffi < ffiB t L i.t.
(Pl) Err,^.6 [Dc L.]
- [Dv\,

Ert\*.hb l?afi'l

L],9r(

AWetLb lttA,t a tt")

FE

L_]

- f?'cl')
' ll,lA,t lt:l

are also used to emphasize meaning and can be inserted

have a

FE. FS

tf" :a(''l*. Htf e, ?0)

into a word which

does not originally

can also be 'f,EE ot can be dropped in order to shorten words.

specific Japanese sounds (

ffiB' 4EE, F ) change to various different

are also other sounds that change.

In this

section, you

sounds

In this way,

these

in conversation. There

will practice listening to :F

and various other

changes in sounds.

9E

F{X T ffl

iEH+.H.*H, A ffi trJ Utr#*lLHKE

F! iFJ +

rr,^,KE " fi ,1, H H! KFAAFi,fEE, A'

. ln t Ffi.d, B iE + ffi E,}-b++r^E (f&8. {EE. KB), A* pmifr,ifr Eia

l, IH fr tl - e F.e B A F!,F /n " ft.gtrtfrz KE &H E &ffi +A H! E q "

fdii,fri6 nKE

k +&ffi *(1, " WrlLZ,

Efr

**s.9"1 44i;l7l g6lq ^l+g"l , ar*ol HgH "Jql EqTl= 4g_= g#,J4. e
+, *gol ++ ( {EE: ) "l qz+ "Jg 6}rI ;}4_r zr*"1 gqzl= a+E g+q+. olx.l,J
'J+qg ++ g (+g (tr#), ** (ieE), *g) e "J-J "i "i4 "e tr6lzlEl, r g
qlE

*ol H6l= aol gl+q4. qTlql^J= *+r+

L-]4.

e,lg +"J6J

*g

Hsl= E= +g

EI

SireilEl-7d*tre/.j"

CD

tBt

E7$gb 2<t \6

tfq:t\(.

Z6

EfiAttltr(, Fl; ZteEtE

r,r(( t'6!r"

(fr) fi# 6fif El6 Ec < 7alib a

"
(

lab

<Lt.)bt

1) A. Sf,gHfLB s a /co

Ql JitfltbtstuK,
+,

a>tuEa

4f

vr/ab.

t\ri't.
ir. ,r
(3) ;otFE[,
{, i _-.ElEftLr/3o

4-

(4)

A : fir.

b, ?.rrig a /-/ii."

B: <irt'"
(5)

t':t

ilt.=a

hzJ'-;te

hl:\

Z Vfi

^^tii
( v' 6.
+. +&T# Lv.*Ifii ?MWL
LoUt,

rE

iJ

(6) 3c 3+fiirr*$*l 0 t.l-tz"

{7)

(8)

tt E

Et. Lh

ro

tAE E A'/s
EA,

(e) ?o+fe
(10)

t t'

tlrl L"('F ,q tt

b,

"

l.*,'i

/c->

/:4ffi

->

le L.

: A /j I.

b, ab balefsrcE,fe !.

i'/*taA,rr,

t cL *JH,4L Ltvra L rr.

59

:..

,++-=

6*)t't,t

:'

L\

ffiffi7>ha>0) E-EF'#<Bn

(3)

h'/1" :

^,iFE=E

(1)

<, iftl^h 6Hi(r,r1317r L. ffiv./: L * i:HRrtbfi,0

*rr/.,,. */:. tElDBrHffir'e;14;t @1, +'Azrei*l *.a6 L 3 , ?affipikba
X.l)'bt Z(rEg /r il i t i- btlA ttrutJ'A q *t /-. ?tttr:, *.*ttii;.< v.6 6 a (FrJ
: (t/" z tlL rJlLo tlLL.,
fuW,/ffiFR, e+/kfu 6/:(ELerq *f" :az=v l.(tflElU=*ari;i+. r-=.y
iH;+lJ. i#o>YttittriJa

t- 05

Trrsi.,fl.r.rv.al4;Tiaqxrl

irl* L/:" * t,

t.t#,/-ri6*aij;Tia.i-

6.5jfiF

L(r.5, ffiv,(&Mt6#*H & L* j-.

HA

To master

Effi

you need to memorize both the structure and the readings of the characters.

If

you

dont do this, you wont understand the meaning when you hear them. There are some ii$ that have
the same sound but different meanings

(e.g.*F,/EH

) and you

will need to select the appropriate

one depending on the context. Moreover, there are many words that sound similar (r.5. fuW.,/

tlp.'

tB+/ft'E ). I"

ffi

this unit, you will study rEF* that have the same sound, and in Unit 05, iHFF

that have similar sounds. First, practice reading the sentences and choose the appropriate iFFF.Then
practice your comprehension by listening only.

inigi-"], zFfi.qiE'ftin?fr\fli, tr4its{t^Hi*ix, 6fltjryfljB+FjfiFj,f4ffiZF.aerilffiH,tr*,E.. xf

fl4E+xHlirii{ (Frl\a:4tr,/8ffi), Fr,r.tTx*flBr^HHE"

f,.aHlt)fr\t4 (Frlgn:
nE*w.iirt, Fzc os tfr,z p,EMa)FliniEE.
m_H.,

t:-iw &H1F.-4 " E+Fnt

J6l&t Z r, i*EJA, Ef+EgFliniFid. fftrffi4f;l z, t#,If,ffiH,**r$ffiqH"
fuvft.,/F?W' )E+,/

*zl"lts txl9 4lB"J olqe} 9l= HE Tlq6lxl 9+oE EHg 4 r 9"1 "J,.l x*q
4. E+, A+ .olzlu.! elulz| += +zlq (ql: *F,/F:W) zl glg "l -,t dF9 EzlS I
46I"J 4+ qg
EI.l'} . Alqtgol ul*L a ( q : fr.w,zffiFil, &+,/ft)E) E *
=4ol
ol 9l+q4. unit 03 ql^'l= ag gg *zlol , unit 05 ql^l= gol Eli*
*zl"i trl+H+
q4. +d, Etlg 9r. 4* aJzlolE -tr.== +g + +, flE+
ol6l]6l= +g *

qEl.

=r

.s% I

.tr46si T

,rL :
< 6tr=;FAO@h'6 iLb A..T

*.t#,/LT. I+EH(

(fr|) f4*t/..,rs

{ oe;FJ

@ f,'frU

( /j{ t,'.

l &v'/cfi!t*rlA,r..

(r) aCIi\trr?Liirstu1-, 1 e.a.*ll. @L\rN l rfia"

/'ltt.
L."ti
/"L!i
i
e) fr4LrrHdFolcd>, +EoifXlJ { O*.ft @fFfff }(.f"
a

U e Si

(3) J*/,a.e I @ffi)J @dfin l L(f-((/iEv..

(4) zo) I @* @ffi t rtLffit$v.r(/j8v..
(5) B+ffiB

{ O BEd

t$ rc

coa*r'..

[m I oaEt

@a$E

(t)

| O EIH

NEH1

ffit*

(r) @il*
[r] I o,t+
[{}
t5)

@x#

*rs

@+H

I O E,L.

@ F,1.

^+

i l:ig6L( < t8v."

ffHr=f;2

r@l

tl
tl
tl
il
tl

<a##tu,'bzb/vT(/i'drr"

rel

tl
tl
tl
tl
tl

t
t

6l

X;*OFql8H,t'J

(3)

t, zz

.LJ A

(-()

frrtI6/$6a,/<tla

-{F{q. F.H.

tA^\8 +a I (&iL). [A^i btLb ) @b. [A-i( 6 r, i.] tA-r(6 rf h ) (fuii.ry:.+

blf 7' ,/ 6 ,' a ,/ < XLb) L v.-2 /c;f{tJ. Hv.(f <"i: tt*Lnr_l tttrLi:l Lf:art,
tE.ffit7aoItWLv.L,H,v.*f. * /:, ?0) [L/:a L t#ftll l*. )ttUv,a L/.,
v.f /r a L r. fr 4 Zts IJ fur,f ts D t. t /-. - a (.tl. * f , t/Lrr Lftfi' t ffi < $FB t U<,
z a bL . Aff a; g *t,tfull+4fi 77 v,zt, z btffiH t u *. i "

[-\Fri6-] (IFIH , [A^rDf.-b) (*.H) , [A^i(6 6i_] , tA

'i(6 tf 6 ) (ffiAilf Y,,+ fr>lf b,/ ir ,t a ,/ < na) , it may not be easy to understand who did
In

sentence patterns such as

the action to whom straight away. Furthermore, we have to consider

a

if "what

(s)he did (action)" was

good thing or a bad thing, etc. In this section, you will first practice listening to who did the action

and then you will practice rephrasing the details of the conversation using lfrtf-. or

"A^rAt6' (IFIU. "A-i btrza"

(Wr./), "A^rr

4)

t'

*.H

" "^i(6016 "

(t)Jra17Y:, +

*,

rl'6 I {> r, j r (1L6) +h14.., qftrgfsi.4tlrLffiF-rqx.lrqffin\-6)J(Fa11"t&fl\" Fn-tr, trg4ffi

fls +
tF E+-\ H x. trE+ ,\it' ,tr ffi . AB e, Jtrtfr 4 Efi ft1FI&fr\ dr lF, ffi tr 2fr z Ifr H IL1prtn +8.
^Jr

ax$&+irtF!86"

[A^rair6] ( ^]sl ), [^r6 rLb ) (+F ), [A^r< 6 D, J t-r<a tf b ] (F^]i +

frrtl6 / { ba I <tua ) 4= Eg El rizh ri+.ilzlr + a"J7}= E}ja ol46}= ag
"lB4l C48JL]+. E+,:z t* a (F+) t 2 zl* "JoJzl .de "J"J4F C44ol EL']tr}.
ojTlql^l= +d izl aJ 4"JzlE
+g ala:.4..il olslg .j+g ^lq"l4 +*'o=.
==
Hl+l "J6l= +g -JqEl.

::l;::;:;,;;,;,,1

=
g:*l c D aFq:r\(
. f nhrl,ljnt,=uf;h'te@n'a z6 /1,7 ( t'd

(Ftl

1)

@[2)
(&1r3

62

?*/j

O ilJEe/-

c il83/O ilrE8A,

(D

f:

lcJt'

H+ 31"

l ,r5FA L ->/co

f. ttl'

L T L,i,

E+a/- l ,r5E
fc tth'

m+e

z-

LPI-A,

AL

->

/:"

z)rgE A L .c /c"

r,r.

tol
rel
f6-t
L-

(1) { C+i>A/'" @+A34, lrt^iv&HLl.e"

(2) I efi @1i+^ l irHriX./:"

(3) I CrrS/- @rlan lrr { OU>e/- @r'tet!;l ,i'L*
4
i/:L

tL&#t

(4)
(5)
I

r6)
r7)
{8)

tl"tl"\

6*

*i

<

F,Ie"

A.iL

tt

te*
@E lrrE6"
Bk
( 3 /:.
I e 6B13A, @ df a /- I ,rAA++z
3
&i
(EWE /- I ,tv. DUD/:"
i e ilrTAA, @ ^FE

: t-

ir(

ff *

i 3 fiF8A,
i e FA3l"
'-

ffizlc8&
l: tth'

i:O

C
a!:

t
t\

f: tth'

tt\ t2

f,82

I ,r [6Ll:tliEittrv.("] L.E->/:"
@E+A/- I ,t { C l'AAl" @E+3/@

=.
ftSAffi/-/j.

rfrlt

0)

:*

l*it

L\ d,

vg

It

DAFq:t\(. *Ff;0).e.-*t-6a +rDtD@h'626luT< /:'dt,r.

oL

rll

L JL

/:a

Lfl.

L -t

fcl)

t 9 I e Ear^l**,a Lr,l-itS&*F* ir-l:"

ht

hi.:: UL. bL:

2 *o; Lr,tHa Lr,:tLSa*F *tv/c.

{llit

e::

{}L

blutt LiL

,'l,rJ

$t: t_|t

,,rrr

flo> Lr,tko> Lr,:+.i- E"rt/:.

:;,- tll

2 k o> Lr,*H o

{r2il

t
2

/:

"

^t:4,iE at,,tlr/do )\0) ts t 3 7 t Hcry T fr>Iffe"

t.:

Ot

?;-! r}L

blttt

LrL

|!J

LfI

k0> Lr,tH
e.:

tlt

;.:

h'fc

h'tc

)\a.,sy 3 > & HCIJa- *>If /:"

bLtt LfL 6Ei t'

il3tt

3 4 a; ;\ lf Aar ,,\ l: it,c.* 3 *r./: "

t;-': OL 8t: Ll& ,$i t'
2 ko> Lrdry o,,\ t:itH 3 irl:.

(4lt

qlSl$ I

t-

bLtt

f-i

4oLttko^tt+/:"ri/:"
e;":: oL 6l: LiL *
( 6 b ->/:"
2 ko
'i.:
OL
b|tt Ll'L
i:' *
I
^ttHD
^t?t+-:
3 ry0^l*h,a )9,: E FB&Ffr* tt"

!.-:

ob. b!:

L)'& i:, *

H a )ur,:

^tt

-"-"1"&

J:

ifi,*

tt/:.

63

L bOF.lFE

:F

#tF4ffiPdE a:ffi.tr1td^ l,]ToiE

t]

rf

"

Vttzri

O lfiff,FHEE*AF:rtLtz(< (ElF"lIttffit'r/*r,)
^
(D
*tAfql <

F"it

EI

(EfrffitIEIJElld

? d)ff ft # 6 r': r'

l* L bop"lEl rr*.

"

fr(ur/rtr).

(.

E{fi{r&o>

+'r'

aH

f6ii rr E z

ai b .si"

#XH t Lt L x ) .
*-f. Co 2ffivr(PdE 1Lfuv'<Jt( < /j6v\o ?Sa;x* tI.7r t jl. L L 7 hrr

z o>

bv)t

fi.6.

MEwmrra+ea. FHI :^tv,y,,c&.<

ffi!fia=y*.czJ'J** Lr

<4".tLrj"
Comprehension of General

).

<afr>L. Hffizr.

Outline ( 8[44ffi ) Exercises should

U'dl''

l:

Effil:FdFEaffuv.

be done according to the following

steps. 1. Listen to the explanation (the question is not included); 2. Listen to the speech (you

will not

be able to look at the multiple choice options); 3. Listen to the questions and the four options and
choose the best answer. Practice doing comprehension of General
a style close to that of the actual test

CD and do Exercise

with the End-of-unit Exercises

H fr! E AJIFFiN

ory&nii,

*E +inafE tlt ) "

@ryrEX*E (if i+tiqtrEFE++U)

tllfr

+)ft++fr ,

r,1,

ftpfi co fi,Fxt*z

+ffiffiffirk*+Em, EE+ Z.ffiffiffi+|r5, *trffitr2*4

4-q

ol6'fl

2 GfrE'Z).

r&-f trAj6 HqA+ "

E trEt >lrn E i\frut 41rt-f+ifi " E tt"tfr,4 " "

@ry+E

L EOF"1E. First, listen to the

I.

Mg}Sffi B+FE
(

Exercises in

1 ( FfrE 1). There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips

on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise

qE

outline (lWF]wB)

. T-FE

i{FE

F!*6x

"

E4l9 EEe 4+r+ A#q+.

BEg E=+ ( E+g rJexl *=4 ).

@ eEg E=4 ( dgxlY .Jdlql glxl g+ ).
O eEEq a zN$ {$xl E-r. dqxl +"il^l 7l+ 4* 4g.g 1=4.
"l r4 E4lr "I^.lE zlle olapg +4lE d4lql 7l4l& 4e += e+g
O *E*

CD=

+41

1g ol;l]aN Hd^19. tr}g qlolzlq .rBEe+ 6JEzl

:49 , +.4l2 ql^l= d4l.E E4lE Eq B^14.

=-z
s*g ++6J^lcl.

*^lEl. +d
gl o oE +41 Eolg

;6Fdffi{1. A,tz1\21"T E/vteltt\j ilr'tffi< F:ffiTf"

V2<r/r

h.

lltt

e
Fdr,'

-EfrO)Hf

U161"

nb 6. Hlfr E E lv
fz( l, arfir\(. t h'6 4a+h' 5F6trr60)a-2iL5A.T< /j tr,r"

EgFpl 6

b
Z

r) *, E

*,fFE 6
6h'

$cL

< tr' 6 ! ro ?

EiL

r.r'&

4l

65

lf < tt'

o@@@...

litj

+4ltrff L<vr * f,
ttL

l*ttj

l: ll,/! :

bt

^A:ri
F : f,{tr H4;+tfu,&
L(v. b /--.ctrtt, iH+rr
r'6tf.&t:L'^,{
/} i'l: aJft
uL
n'/r
O#_8U 6 ffi Lv. Y, *'co)iH
-#k*.=ct"
U
I
i'l:
^l':r i
#I=@--tfi,hfirtrft ( t kfr>"c<, Mlr.t bo)tr?
j'

It/rt a

n'

491:ffiH*:i'i'
2,'
ill,U
trj

f.
i 4

ttt

Er'

f,l'llz,rN

vri - hA
2b\ i't:

t
h'f:
(, *t:1gg 6. "xt=6er5
P@,fF_!rAA
h'
t/"L< bh'
a
tJit
g iG
$vr(. H,Ha+ A l"r.<*F,r@H;i6
r: lt/"DA t6
n'h

fEa

L v.*f"
t<

?4

L3

At(F-(6

U* H4\otsliLtt"W+a
6 <>a,

?l+tPbt.

^r'-:ri
<fi4dftr3*fj"

bi.&

L!

tE

f:0)

,#L

l#arfrJ l&L\tr'l tL\azZ.l{W

*.t L" l*t^I*4\d!\r- Nf{: (J n,6l*.

za
oH. zl tz) t \< # L ( r \ * -f .
^aE+
You heard
the words [ * fJ,lefi,&h ], lfv.6j,
but that is not the main point of what the speaker
wants to say.

[f{ll4.iv.z:* Ftftc(l

refers to

how she memorizes Kanji.

*E+Sr4T

"*3t"

"ifi,\h" "tev'h' +,4tr

EB@AF^iHifr/\giifil+4^6. r. "Au4. F
v. n - Ft&z (" +ffi , EB+l6ii,,f&,qr,fqiBit
+ffi"

t* 3 ,6l lafr\h J t,ft',.tl += ge +e4 "J

E* d4ql^-l "J6lr d+ ag "ltsqq. [fdl*z].

iv'n- Ft&a(l

ql^l= ol

^lelBol

6iJ4E 7lq

6l= *H"l rldl^l "J6lj1 9+qEi.

ttt

ta h'/"Nttttt3?!\(af;
L(v. * f *..
D j
i'r:
r

H+o-ifr Jt-hlz<>v'<
n'/r

/t'

ilt

2. H+o*fl:cv.(
n'/r C, tJlt h't
3. W+aH,Zh l:?v\(
,'/a U al'
i'lc
4. H+o&v.Fi:u v.(

Ei, I

6,i,/i0
0)

F"1EH.

LaSL

t A. tzrr t

2O

4l

6A.t:t,

IttL *i.

t ffi< Hgf f .
t2$h =tOAi
_Ett Z
*,f;=EtHurT <t:dL\. Znh'5. HF"i tE/r
l"

E lv ts taur

& a f|

{:EIF":Hbtl*.8/1".
z
6.tt itt
te( LaHr\(. 1 #5 4A+h'5FJr'

ue

Att:ci:6 tvT( t't

EZ I r

ur.

2 3 4

fjFFr\ Uht) - Sr;;ff: tev)t 6 t 3. fiLfc6'*.

,3?3,1Tfr->Ttt6
tr?o t ftrtr v6 {. Lc tr" t ht & 7 6 LT {*t \ * -f . z o I #lfrt-rEl,1:
"F
r a 6 r, I . # a 16 i ffi r f " 6 L \ d ? f {n#.
Tt;:
:r::T 1 1:.'- ^
#Ef &.:lR&56fi. tD*rfr.h:Hffid *r* -f "
t

F,1

When we ask a favor or ask someone out to dinner, we select the best and most
appropriate expression that we know.

In Verbal Expressions I t# ;fr

]-E

yo., ca.,

measure your ability to immediately select the appropriate verbal expressions according

to the circumstances. This includes expressions such as salutations, requests, and asking
permission.

n'iJrFie"-kEUAfflr-K

-iF

'l-'i*.'!
=r.

E'i.!E

jg.

:*r-!'

F.

ffiSErJAFZi(Hf

. >GFJIilHl*ttrd

/trrlidr;7i-t tE'-62Ft:-qH,l.Gf f jE

F,.: jS,RIIirF"l

l.,. l.lhdtftA

,i'h+fr1j"';nE.d.

,'HuE1J7.l

T.&.dtA..

+q+ 6lZ1+ 4^l.i aqlg "fl +ul5g zltlol oJl g-= jtd + ol! zla) \
* 3zl dq6lol f;iqtr}. oJ rgE| _*.r *Eql *= g+E ule C4*
: ?1=^l "lxl = Erll?qq. ql^l+ gel , 6j7l +61= -el _*.ol
=
:,.

=j ul rl-

Eo)H

try q @) ^,=fr LzL tfoF o*{v u)

i Llf-c-z/jll-f ltt <. ]f46. ffif L *. /r/r (ls->t:t)*.t>c/: D L(v.

*t" ffiZll [A-i(v.*fl l* [A^r(*fi LE=(v.*f" (. Fv.+f <tb
/:&)ff. Elt.tc">(6H*d*hD *.t1". (..6. #f**l:$v.(6 bf,,t iEi or.
ffivr/: L * l:br.4 i: ( v.r.6 L/L*t/,. ::('.ll. vtbvtbts\Naffit t ta#a
ryrc,eH<#FHtLtt"

* [(*f-]
* [/r3+ (rrbrrv.)]

@D [(v.*f.]
[/clllLtJ'A D lrvt_.]
Ire ( (ilvrll&v.]

t(L*a,/<Lt.->fc)
t-f

*a <

,/K *sv'/c)

* fA(6r (vrilr3pr)_l
- lLt.a,/L+a/cl
* [L (,/Lv'/:)

Sometimes there are sound changes not only in single words, but also in some sentence patterns.
For example,

[A^r<v'* f I

changes

to

to shorten expressions and to make them

[A'\(

* 9-.i . This kind

of change is made in order

easy to pronounce. Even though the sound changes, the

meaning does not. However, these sounds are not the same as forms written in textbooks, so they
may cause you problems initially when you hear them. In this section, you will practice listening to
changes in sounds in various spoken sentence patterns.

tr tl iE + T&F.EtFIJ
i.i,Ft

"A^r*-f".

VIXz#TH

Ftts lA, El 4.tL+ E

tg{.

6rJln, hT

FF,fE+EA, H,Et!,rA",fEE,

FfiU}MifrAEfrTEIfrV,&AAW

k&ffi

ffi

fifgltE +j

F&, lE ".4^r

r,

* -f "

E{i.fi\trt*ft8tr&+\tt

E. 6Eg,
'AZEfrEJ4fr\EY,.

+q 6l+61+++ olq4 -g "Jg "IE gol SolzlZ+ EEtq4. el= Eq [-r<v.

*-fl = [A^i(*i-] 4l "J-]a 9t6q4.*a-.J6l7l 7,t1 6]7i g"I^]"Jq+. *g H6l]
E 9"1= tr6lzl ?+#L14. 6lzlrI :r4,r.1q 2lq gl= 414 4e=E 5fl. *zl qelg
"l
,lE EEq4.4zlql^l=.lel E.9 "J* ql g^J6l= +el dsl=
+g Elq+.
==

co6*r'<, Hr:t&a.rr\6 tz6r=ffiaf,tr'<, fr.; znHt#

ffi
ffi

5.1
libl

rr((fdrr.

(fii) 6o 6r*z

r'
(r) t,.!E:,i
*4f 8. H.i.(v.<
{,'lJ

r.:t

x,r (6

Krzl6 e "
<

tu< erD rrL

(2) *#ur(v. 6 b. a 6 /3# B.

t/

i"

ifr,l"actt/jD

(3) A< E kb-:(#g(LAi.

:*

t4) ft?fu v l'&Hs(L* -;fcb L"i ?

7)'

,{

tti A

'(F)
.

(,6)

H4, f?- r$
tt;

(6t

( ia"

lf,t'

lt;

aCIm. Fo)+l:E'L("*str.( <tLb

)' + 1Lrcttu{f. E*I-f 6l "

a *i
l- F l:ffi
A#v.(Jsi,& ( f ti"
ur, :i
pr-r F7 v. 6 i +flt.t'#$*::r ( L* a (vr 6 iru
lD

til;,aA, r.i

Liul,

tI

[.- A L/:o$ffi t l-r

L*..> (*"- 3 /s fl

vro

59

; L\

6Jit t\

wffiaha> OE-Efr'tIE,

ttr\ i oii lf /L

(4)

^,ffiE=Et TN

( v. 6 L * . fEf irF c ( v\ 6 F:6 il ffi H rr o> l:. fr ;+irt rl*.b tttc lcxD i: ffi 6trr4
ffir* /tlr'->/:Lv.r a L 6a arL r l. &;il**afi/)+rlfr.btu;ay7slv>/,r,
-# L

L*f"
Even though the content ofthe conversation is

you may not understand what your interlocutor

easy,

is saying because honori{ic language is used. Honorific language is often used in conversation
you should practice listening to and understanding it.

In this

section, you

so

will practice listening to

common honorific expressions.

Bj,

ryE

* I&t z

Fn

x{F infr\ Ft trtftffi+,

E'EI&q:JW ffiftA?r4

fi 4

.f

x+

{g_ffi

T tt:F*ffiZ".1l+wffi

AE g +kfltfr 4 w HH

F!

ff iEt

" ffii"E&+ irt + lfr.Ht+lp.&,

d.

"Jala 9lg "ti trr]zl'J6l-7 gl= ul+g zJB*rJl= E+51.z 44zl ^l+qg7l ql+ql g
"lE oldlg + s,*."J zEs 9lg a"JqEl. 4q= gEl +q ^l-&q= 4*zl y*o oe
=r
ol61]EJ + gtE+ #Et^]4.
"lzlql^'l= ^l+ L6l= Aq s.g E= g+g *r]4.

C D tFq:lr\(.

ffiE 1
@)

('r\;

f&1'

) o)+E;t{fArr((t'{lr" zLT,
L\ e]
*h'
HHA ah'5 I A+h'6 z6/lT< /j {ur.
n\

ttL
fi tri
-#FlrEL
( J:oL+v. ) * L/:r'.
L tti

(1)

.bbowwt

(2)

Di ?i. t, e'rc (

(3)

<a+,

LLt)

a.

l'ttbbF.

) ( /jEv'.
) 6rbLv.cLrii..
) ( fi3v."

(
t

F,b b. Ea c. Ea d. Ai

) * L/:"
e.

66i

alJ,

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tbl
tl
tl
tl
tl
tl

) l"cfri.

Di ?iEffirr ( (
b ta a<n*
(5) 3 o i, -#FoEffil:
(4)

70

. A-ra

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'---r:-r
= OfiE1;iv.*f.
(fl) tOl
@

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t\

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L\

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bt

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t(H,iEg &6AtA# 5@o)+r' b Z6

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LffiL*f.

fiH

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t'i

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f i'.

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lf Lr

L?!ri

lf L*

tf Lr

rtrbaZicf
->tc? i cf .

O ttll?oWffitt"ftol:E
@

'.

+*/j

rr 4
HFXU

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o&-rlit:i1*.

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1*EvZat*fr&No(v.6

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.@s

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i*fr..

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&t+

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3

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t&+

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7l

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=frao,L'ffia+26()
Ar=6rlt. Wffi<tF+l.e

#IAt -"c ZD,LrEv. * f ,r. --c atkffiT,fF i a t rr

*f. lffiB2] u. AilffiLtEtDtrfrrgr..

ff]{xha4il,$fiJ ()tr<ugy/3. tttb

v'bfs*fr,tffivr(. ?a+2\'bwffirEdi 6Orri6-i6J i i:ffiHL* Lr

In

i"

conversation, we select an expression which is appropriate to the circumstances and to our

interlocutor, but we can use several expressions in a particular situation. We have various ways to
express similar ideas. Exercise

2 lffitr 2l

has the same format as the actual test, but you are given

more options.You can practice listening to various expressions and choosing an appropriate response
according to the circumstances.

E/;

-+ .

Ifr

+, it++-+

rn

F.

ri fr H,fr) +H tra

fr!

*di tt, - +

ttr

RT

EI 6E,fFH H!

uH &ru T E F! *B n rt " v^z zt fr\ xt=\5 -H-EEfH tE,

" %,2 Efi 'E&fr+ &t+W *iLfi fr , //. + )&f+ frA 8t R *1- + E+ "

E f+ F! Fs trat

4*Hffi+

cl+"il^-l=

*Erl

{E

* Br- {4 rt

E+t,f it jAE

F!

Et+

^J4ql "+= _cg 6l+ dq6iol 'J;|z1oj, + 6IEql^J

6l+zl oltsq4. A3'I+g q4 Ee_tr +q"g + q#qq. (+21

q4 sg
al"lzl+, dqzl= e^leHq gol
=Hl*+q+.
zt l= + 9lE+ +-J^1tr1.

Er

+ gl= s
B^lC'I Ae
=

r6q1.r]

+trq *=

z
lt. t)
C D 6fq:r\(. #EE

Htr

t t ziEg r*t:at a h'6 ea:ffih'6 i6 /,.

?( t'd r,r.

@) tgl

(l)

(2)

. *i[a=<\,b j"

(3)

(5)t I

6t*

(v\ a

(vr6
+,l" (
\EJtE - (vr 6

c.

b. #-r

r\

d. E+L(v.6
tz
g. #'>(\'b

a-

(4)

e.

thanking

r\ 6r\

'f&*FL<v.a
,' ( i:1"
M=&,LTv'a

a
b

ffiiH

+oJ6lr1 gltrl

E#f

c-

making

request

]H>K

^lr+6ln 9i4
elEl6ljl gltrl

d-

making

proposal

+Er!

4l"J6lr

e-

complaining

tii,uFlffi

gg'J6ln 9lq

confrming

g-

inviting

b. apologizing

e
t
e

ffi2

9tr1

+^19 "J+g 54-z glq

arlldlil 9l+

ffiilr
)Mffi

,i
*t#,tH<

(6)t

rtbL

t'A !\. Z nh,6 C D 6fq:t\(. HfA:(rrfr{fO.

6
Jr
,j./: rr t;ri
\(
A : ( r r /* t] nE x 6
< /:' d ! r. o [1 - z DJEb, 6 z t $ fr) ) *t
"
<

e,

=r

iltr)
I'

[iF
td

Otxl
@rcl
@lxl
@txl
G)tol

IJ

fr
i

73

cr
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@r
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@t

l
l
l
l

or

@t

@r
@r
@r

cr

l
l

@t
@r
@t
@r

er

l
l

@r l
@i

@r

(b)l

"l
It

*LerDF"lffi

b Ur,tJlv

o'( - ^
EIJEII{

tE

r*ht

b. lfiifi=n',exrgF":r fiErrEu'*fr.l ffifr<

Gh{riil*

lt(t,t/*t,t).

d#i*tiB,si.

=ro>ffftn&6Fq:a. igg

.a

l*LEopdFEt ri*. 'E#Hffirrarua. EHlr,E,yrrrtx #RE &Lt Lr i"

*f. cD 2ffivi(Fdffi t&fur'<A( < /:'f vro "l5a;.<-- ,tr.z, t j l. L L 7 hrr
L
D,5t'
L
b\ *trt'b. m* fia=v t'crt'Jt-* L r ), Za&> L. fdEZ c, *Wt,:FdEaffiv.

(a*Lr)"

\'rbal Expression (

qlao-atory

A ffi #.In)

should be done according to the following steps. 1. Listen to the

sentences and the question "what do you say?" while looking at the illustrations (you

will not be able to look at the multiple choice options); 2. Listen to the tbree choices and choose the
option. Practice doing Verbal Expression

d tb actual test with the End-of-unit Exercises ( *

(###fr,

) Exercises in

a sryle close ro that

L &DOH ) . First, listen to the CD and do

Enaclse 1 ( FdE 1 ).There are transcripts and hints on the following page to give you tips on finding

rcsmtc Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2

(ffrF.2).

ffi=#EE+gH F!trAj{ntifiT"
@

*-TEE

tktt|lLFf frtE

"t
-LEfi
gw r "-.+rfr, r&+Artfr\k1ffi"
ffi

.,,f4

EEffi4r! s1+ffii14ifr-t+iE[

"

L H r,. * 9- n.

,82#2fr4"

"

iapfi

Ef+IFiqa EFAi{6I

co +,FXtfrZ

r. T-FE i{fr4ffi*Ex

sE tatel o'Fe ++r+ ,JGq+.

:!l 'Jdil/-E= -u_^] tls} +!+ eEE tylell "J*ulzL E
==El(4lqzl= "J4i9l
r'J4 *r*
g s 4E $4.1E Er 4* +sl= _r.Erl.
@fl rffil{ S4..' 4rl3
"JE} Eg E4lE d4ql Tlvl+ El-e += +g aJ^lr+. +d
@D F-a E.4 1 sd^19. trl+ qlolxlql lr* Ee+ slEzl ?190=. E-4l Eolg -c
=q
ffi,$ $eSS"1r*- -cl*. +4 2 "il^l ^]l_tr- E^il8 Eol Brlul.
Sd&

zthtn;aEF"tafi:r'<< /-.aL\o f u6L, (+) 0)

h'
+)2L
Ot
/\{*IEItEt,t:f f t'. 1fi'5 30)+#5, ftJur0)6:ci:6hT
;o)F,iFETrl..

OL

t&L

( t'd

L\

td

t,r"

1#

EiL

EA

It

3l

z&

3l

6
,'t'Lr

ril.lft'

l: +,-

*+Iaft#rttffiW& /e( 3,Li*a (v\

/"

(Aif*f",lElLEv.*fi."
ts

1.
z

3.

d)f.

t\

#Fz

l*c'- craal l*r^. < /idr\l t*fi#Tf

D5. tE+rrT 6 Z Er,-ts.t1 g;E.

Lfi++6 L* L tr i i."
D L@*:E6IGE_L * tA,r..

*,'-

1: r3

6 .] and [ *i - ( /i 3 v' I

are forms

of

respectful language, so they refer to the actions

of

/'-

4- L@*s,EEl:rc-

o@'..

someone else,

'*3-t./ab" "r''-< /jEv." EffiiE, trft)gE

ffixtnMA\a|F"

ilt* tll"i..

l*:-t.teb) [*i-(/j3v.]

Er-ro 2

;-l= .JF.Jq4.

4lEJol

aqolstr

a]

3l

2#
{: ll,L :

< hi/r

7)'

rtl"tr.

o-.'

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tiL
ti

tf. fifLEv'*fd..
< /f4
l. Sffiti..
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(
t'v 2@/r_E_!:_EiLA.
2. *#,tt
<
3 . +#,t 7 r-':t / L(v./:ff 3 /:v\a,ffrr.
lrr.*
lr<b

Ezt
I

z@r

l< $

e4Lr\r-frrl tt. [(6r\rVc-fDl

O< U \te! \aE L\fr T T " +E+|.{nJh\ l,< &

r\L3ttt*f*r\*tt"
l-( 6 I a Lt,'Ttr'l
-f f ,'l . It is not

is a polite form of

l(

{>

v.v.

used when we want someone to

do sometlhg.

"<L

ti"*,

t4 L',.-ftr." E "(6!\!\-ef
FfrD)

t(6 t6LL..ffr,l

W\|\ffi,

f(6,,.v.-etr,l 9 d

=
+e s"JqEl . +qi"Jol +t4=
=

n'"

ffi+H*xiFffi++.
617l

Hlg qql

g+q4.
^l+611

@...

I 7 tv 2 V*3.hl Llqlt\<t\6tttT.
FL\ttLrt\*tf/l"

The speaker only asls I

not

I -

tr:l.

i3.r.l .lhis is

request.

"tty ) L*tr."

t''tr'jt{&tr86ir&, lk6ffi&

HqH,E..

ft t
6lz1

v2

L*tr.l zll

E"1ez1"3

6l.l. +qg

9++q4.

77

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t\
ttct
ab'
o'&
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( /-tdt,t.

E^ [

3l

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87"

78

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,,

te

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) * t L " tH+ o xEE t;,j,, d ?: l. I \ E zfr hr < 3 4 h\ t a tt, alilJa r. a
.t< L 6)L)
{H+ o)Ffr A fd

oF"lffi75s l-EFfl*ffiSJ

a"j-"

l:: l.rnversation, we not only need to listen to what the interlocutor says, but we also
:.==j to replv in a waywhich conforms to the conversation. In
erick Response [E[F*
"a 5 - . \ou can measure your ability to select the responses appropriate to the inter. - -: lr . Ufterance.
.

=.1=. 6fd4ryx1frix1fr,
_ .',==iJifili&ff.

;;-::'.=.*Ll] 9] ololzl
6l= aol ofqel, rql *b ql*g -l]oi 6J
=7lsl
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--=

=44

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(l)

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gpffifrr(.
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t-ZL tf0)E A*IY Q)

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b
a=rr( ( t'd r,r.

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t

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(10) :iL.

80

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* in'

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^if ii(Ait'6,/ nr b a,/ < tLb ) Ufr19.+ ?<) al*tf b./ $ tr a,/ < ILb) . It is not easy ro
determine who did the action to whom. Keep practicing until you can understand what is being said

straight away.

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Response ( EIJF#I"UA )Exercises should be done according to the following steps: 1. Listen to

the short speech (you will not be able to look at the multiple choice options); 2. Listen to the three
choices and choose the appropriate response. Practice doing

in a style

close to that of the actual test

to the CD and do Exercise 1 ( Ffi

Qrick Response ( EIIE+rilS )

with the End-of-unit Exercises (

1 ). There are

@$fi =

H H! E6l{At+fi

L &)OFfiFE ). First, listen

transcripts and hints on the following page to give

you tips on finding the answer. Next, answer the questions in Exercise 2

FpBtxf6B+tr

Exercises

(7frW2).

T.

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This is a salutation used when you see someone for the first time in

3l

ri Effittr"

long time.

It mems "I'm glad to

see

you're doing we11."

9zll rJ*q "J*g 4 9 .J^l.J rl + . r+ zl'll

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=
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Thisisanexpressiontoshowtheinterlocutorone'sgratitude.Itisoftenusedasaresponseto lruft-etri.:/:] ortJsab'e Lil.
Biffrfi8!.e.-H. tFh ";-uF.rctl"c/:" "*:bTt a" frlEE*&.H.
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@.' z nh\ D EL F,l * i Z L T I /J r \iE + L *1 6 L 3 ; lF r \ * f
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.

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This is used when we say good-bye to someone whom we will not see for a long time to come.

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EIJF

"Jo_q

[b D ir/:

v'.1 is

used when we

re

happy or we

re thankfirl.

ll/:v'" HTEXsj, 4*z\Bifrrf .

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means "you were late, even though

"9(*rLEctitilD6,

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z.t\aztT't" lot J dF-.aE.4-ffiti.c/er)t&=fcr)t TLt6a#Ex*t

asked you to come

erly''. Using

f@

l:l

can show that we are not satisfied or that we

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It mems the woman was,
^ or both of them were,late.
qal E= F
^l+ E+

@"'

a.Jq4.

t6 AT. tA
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As the man sap, [

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be an appropriate reply to what the angry woman said.
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You have practiced basic exercises for improving listening abiliry and exercises to learn
the format of examination questions from Unit 01 to Unit 05. Lastly, we have prepared

two trial examinations so that you can practice in the same way

as

the actual test. Test

what you have practiced so far and check your abilities.

tr.

fE.qH

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(5)

A!)l

<<f,4$>>
(

ol 9ol

7l I A,/ev,) 7l

g= 4+71t++qEl.

) irl:{:*rr.llab

(2) <at.t-?o)*.A'*.
(3) lett:l'-te /yi'

(4) ?zat iz:-?J-A,t zb

(s) ?l,ba-tLlstu
(6) FF/rOf*ffi/r,L<.
( Z ) Bv.Z"l:5 4+gvrA,/j6,L
(8

) irr. It ts

(9

) A-r6fLav\+-i6i/aL)

(10) *".r8

t1t

D rs E

fu /1; fu

tffiE 1I
<<ffis>>

(L) U->le0
(2) lJ/:il/:
(3) (cfD
(4).'6+i"6+
(5) DbDz)
(6) L">rt'0

tsyt

r,.*Js/*,1 /r ;i v.

<<fi4#>>

(I) (2) it.t&l /Ji*tri:.1,-:(v.*f. (3)

rt,b Q) t*tTta*fi:*.b.c(v,*f" (3) tr
Il:-] 6r I LJ lr_rs,, (v.<. (4) fi'6 (7) tt lal
tr t&-J l:132ap.g9 " G) a'E#a&&.rc lffi
Lv.ol t la) t:bt)t frr, :tuIt l/-J t=

(10) &1',fiA8rt:N.b">
*-tA,. (8)
'.6
(8)
<t/\<\
ll l-6.1. (9) tl f/Ll. (10) tt tt]l
ltrl A' )tr2*.b -> ( vr * f . [r * i/ rr v\][ )fr /-fs u, )
l$b/yfevt) rrD.[6/sr,rl fful3r,rj ir [&rev.J

r*0

Ers6a2Tsfv>acg.
In (1) and (2), I /- I is inserted into the words. In (3)
to (7), the sounds of tfr changr.In (3), [i:_] changes
t" I A,) , and in (a) to (7), [O_l changes to [,t] .In
(5),1 a I is the last sound as in [ff ! r,r 4] . This does
not change to I A' ) . In (8) to (10), the sounds of 7
{T change. [ 6 ] in (8), I fL _] in (9), and t r] I i" (ro)
change to [&J . As in [cSl,rsv.] ,f ffifuf.rt:)
,
,> /wleut] , f 6/g v.l and liltrV. ] often
[H
""d
changeto [f /gVr-.] .
" /-"
(r)(2) id+/!
" (3) f|J (7) E-f n+nkJ
^7
*.k. fzl E "r,:" 9.F17 " L" , (4)+\ (7) F. "a" F.
ffiT " /-" . (s) PlRtr "#Lu'o>" Efr\ "D" a^A. " /-" "
(s) ?{ (r0) E 4-Ek+*k, <al ffi " b". (s) W "tL" .
(10)E! "0" Att "A'". ":>ti'/sr,r" "ffifular,r" "p
bA,/av'" S, "b/rv." "f,1l4vr" HHAFT "Ltsut".
(1) (2) y lt"J ol q+ql 5q gl+qq. (3) +El
(7) e J-6Jel +ol E6I gt+qq. (3) g lr,:)2y77"1
4h' 6H,z-6E*=iFFBtEfrffi ffiffi t

t,-=22

tffiE2l
<<FS>>

(1) o

e)@

(3) @
(4) o
(5) o

*;*oH*Ar, (1) -*m6rhtil

(P.43)

IffiHI
<<#g>>
(1

)*

E6

/-db< ar+t-afr/-f u, 6l[t

(vr i f i..

)
(3)
(2

^n",

fnJn.A-i/:v.lE

arl*dkal.v.[Ebl, b6

t:r* tlEtv\:. :r- e -tra*6lEl

ir-l.o /:"
(4) zsy : v&E(ffi,li;tlLvr&tttD, dLatr
,EA6tev.L. fl@{rau."
(5

ERtfr

l+=&r6a2
v.

x3

=L

i:f

tlEFlrr-l.- /.lt.ll'la a <

6[F5ll:cvr (fl6 Lt.

<<H#>>

LD,LI(+,
(2) t (3) tr. bl'L
h--flMffiKnrti-*.0>+r,=-'>,
(4) i:rt--.: a*qt1" (5) (61 ,6}#Wdiffi
ff--E:l?feo(v.*f. (5) tJ lrt'':./-) aw:&ii
t,
fiFo t+&r 6 6 c /:#Hir.tr,, /:l d)+i:. [#fr1
tffiWtb l-+&f 6 b-crc)rtr&ru) *.'f " (6) ll.
a-->aeidrcWdiffiir&>c(.
te+il L Iftfl)
t,
aWffifiFo)
I *+IJ
[ : o HA-l 7-175r@vr(vr 5 J
Lri Lr

o+l:ll. l-/t'l A#,qf

,ra D *i-.

In (2)

blcd>a [:o)HAc/c.l

and (3), there are two noun-modifying clauses in

in (4). In (5) and (6), there are

double noun-modi$ing clauses. In (5), inside the clause
each sentence, and three

[r.lJ&-i ,T+&(' 6 b->/c#ffirtr]'':,

6 t>->lc) whichexplains l-#ffil.
In (6), there are modifring clauses for two
[Ail]
"ouns,
and ltl$l , and inside the clause that modifies tA&.j ,
Il OHAo /-,l1rr@v\(v.5], there is Ii OFd
*'>lcl which explains [,/ll
trafr\fti5, &.e)ftE (3) +ffit, Et+tFE=t"
(s)(6) +FlEi#l6tfrHffiEXA" &@ +, "r.tfi," F!
fiE "+&16 b a /:#ffiii )'-> /c", AE+iE+,
"+tr" trffi-tiF,E "+&'e {, r>.;/c"" EfalF,
"*+r" fE "fr+" 86,lE,affiF-]F-, "att" E!i
E ":oHA,t,,\rr@v\(v, b" ,&ts+F-.i4+, ",/l."
trA-+EiFE "loF{Aolc".
(2) el (3) e B^l +^lol Ee b14.il 2 tl, , G)
"I= 3 4l 9l+qEl. (5) (6) g E^l +4ol ol+9
-q.9q 9+q4. (5) lr.ril"l I +4lasl t+&
=
'C6 Dct#ffidr,^..:tl oJ"ll t#fi15 B6l= t+
&'C66":/:.i zl 9#u14. (6) g tA+t.l e+ tit$l
2 7I9 B^tql +4"1 gjt ta+il I +^1.J t;
o78*-/-,/\rrEDv\(v'6.l dJoI= t l 6.lzl
=
+l6J t. of6A ->/c) zl "l+q 4
thatmodifies

/:l,thereis

t+&f

fi' r>b x

v.i r

-c

t ffiLT

< 6.1 6 I

Lrf. *#o+a:

rs 0 A a

Lt:'ii

*TDOFJilE

v\o

t^tu4/j1 forlB)TA i 6(tA

1. And then, she says, I h L r* 0 AW

Thewomansays,itis

i I i" option
3/-l:SJi- 6l),Ei 2.ffivr(4] i r.L,B.c(v.
6-1,so you can choose option 2 I t te 0 a a blaft < )
for the answer. Finally, she says, [4i.6 t, I . t ffiL
( < 6l which can also be interpreted as I t fs\ Ai
frl

bla'fr

<

You should note that the expressions in the

conversation and the expressions

in the multiple choice

t "E

options are sometimes different. kf1Jt:ifl,tbt*tfr

'taa b r;tast a" F-^t1fl\ ("^tr.4ff"). flitrii,

"}jL/s l) oEi l,l:ffiLbrt'E ) /.ffivrr&I j i.L
.E c (v.6". ;!ilt4.T6+p;[t+q 2 " t ra D 0) i
r,tt:'fr <" " &'a-{Jin "+fi'bt r c LffiL( < b" &,F.
"

Lrc0

ai r'rc'fr < " FIHE. EiAim+'fFEg!idi*

ffEt+4+F!^-f+, ffiqfi uEH"

olxlE tl4zl r I lEttDa 6rtAffii I 6l= 4
C t^ft.4/j1 el-z 'J6l-l. 9+qEl. -r4 j1 lhtraD
oE3A,t:FJi bn'E' 7.91v.(4r i /.L.Ea(v.
b ) +jL "J6l-r1 9t+q + . "14"1 qlB9 d4zl Z t L
Elql I 4rt' bL t ->
rs D D i bt:f1 1l 7l B qq .
"lzl
LFf L(< 6lE ILraA0>iLt:'fl<l4= a"Jq4.
elsl +9 "J4 dq;(l9 "Jol 4= +719l9sE +9
6ll

+41^lg.

(P.46)

lr'1821
<<##>>
2
<<fi+#>>

*At:(

L
,
aa^tt, i8fi.ffiI o IatTai6(tafiiI
:Llt fft4/j) tE">(v.*f. ZL<, ljat.
rr D OEf A,tt ffiLzai,E ) tr.6vr(4.I i ,. L
f

.Rc(v.

b) tE.c(vr*f.

:iLrr6i_a)Hft

w.2l L./s\ A j 6I:511 )tifst)

L

tt"

<

lra#fi.#o;
L rfrrE awertibD t-f rt' 6. itHL( < /j6
L

&Ih.al+

ffi$.ffi#,

l"t( *"" @Es,".tAfrt1\ "a" N.fr,l "-".

Unit O2

t'17

hrEffi

F,!ini*"
(1) +El (4)

Q) -Et

E EOffi8Wt)

(P.49)

<<fi49>>

(l) f; <*foi (
( 2 ) tJr'D *tJ: i.

(4) Z((*E(r(
( 5 ) *j &rr 4 tr.1r+g fu/r- 7)rpr
(6) tZ"t( **ill"/:a3

(B)

Erit r'

L";r. N>-D->/t'b

; r'

AFlffiAtcD,OFF-*. trtn(2)

(8) a art\b+a'rt\b
(9) tfrbart\+lfrb-lr\
(10)

vl4Z 016.l tal 71 5q g+qEl.

4zl= s+ol $qZlr. +ol EaJ aoJq

+q
4. ql= 5q
(5)

(5) I A+ , "ongakukai - ongakkai"

g1olxll [-l 9 9g-ol qq 9]#q
zl
e"u"
4-a
El. ol= "Jg *21 6lq EJ6l7l 41 6171 96I^JoJq
rl. (s) (6) g +rl 9l= Hg "rl= l*:;,Lir( i.v._l
ItA'/:( 3J r-ll rlo| alpg +961 +d^19. (9)
96J (gzl ) g ti ) zll-),+ g aoE rg
=
6J (9zl ) +/.r g ,'ll + 6q4. (10) I rg^lr
I Hl"J .tr"JLlq.

IffiEI

(7

,trt\M

,rr\5rr ;

-,I,FH
(P.51)

ftlD-fctJD

tffiH 1)
<<fi+s>>

<<fi4FH>>

(1) r.b (4) *rr*. F$trt: [o.l ir,l..'(

v.*f. (b) r'6 (8) *rlr$H*rls1,,c-)
(BrrAbo/c6orf. fiU.i_tf (5) rr6.
"ongakukai * ongakkai" L . EE "r" fli3 ( t3 -r
(. [r] aftEEls->(v.*f" ;itit. iLtJ
&( L<Fv.{,f ( -f 6lcdt:ct. (5) (6) ti.
i+o#,Ah A+ < L 3 tJ [#A,rr ( i.v.] [tA,
/: ( 3 J t #zJ'/sII ttlf/3 | t3rzro)f, i+ L(
( tEv." (e) tl*6#ia I ) ) zii l->) L/c-)
t' :itJr\

of. lH.FtYt + 7'lo L 3. J < fr,. * f.

li [+lt 0 ) a </jti/:Ev.frj-.

/c 6

In (1) to (4) ,1._l

is inserted into the words.

(10)

In

(5)

(t) v+*

(2) r i.^/r.d x
(3):l'i7r747
(4) 7 > r- t, 7vE> |
(5) 7?t+t)-, fqf 't >
<<#FH>>

(fr|) member
( I ) manner

)
)
(4)
(5)
(2

advice

(3

volunteer

enqu6te (zz>zi4),
accessory. design

to (8), the vowels are removed and the sound changes.

For example, in (5), "ongakukai" changes to "ongakkai"
and the vowel "u" is dropped, and changes to the

<<ffig>>

pronunciation of I c

(1) o

I . This kind of change

is made

in order to shorten

expressions and to make them easy

to pronounce. In (5) and (6), when writing the reading
of the Kanji , you should always write it in fulI such as

lril"rr( i'v.],ltA,/e( *J . n (9), Ii-l

volitional form changes to
the "volitional form
expression for

(r)

4U (4),

TEA.
{.F1"7

lfll

*
g

EH&5

-"

and

it

(sX6)

(s)atJ{.|,]r'+^fr.Efr.+
> ongakkai",zr* """ Z..fr-e,

BiEFffifgllLrnn
ln? F'!i*B

e)@

(3)
(4)
(5)

@
@
@

<<ffi=H>>

*ffio "interview" zJ'6" )tl:*-;(ffAH

< : L r9-" n / )v-7aW;iJl: 6 rs I *f"
( I ) FFBO"cost"i.6"*;6rir\rrA : L -ef.[:l
x h/ri.i.6J [:x l.rrHLr_] ot i i:fEv.
(fitJ)

iA+r[,\ ".".

IffiH2)

is often used in

z)i " pattern. (10) is an informal

(5) F! "ongakukai
"

[o-],

ofthe

r-'J,

present

+tu19r.4N,.

95,fr " ii,Lzf ( i.

4r,5H,i;-6 E*-#eE/lffim ffiffi

Rg

v. "

"t

L--

*-i-"

>r'N3

(2) *ffio)

'cancel" z).tr. fl*t+F-tt.v>b

. L -ef. I ftlr1l#,a+#Jt * r > t )vt )
tA+o&lFA * r > t tvLt ) a J.i t:1qv.
*-f. il /tv-Jafi--f,t:L<l (&v.*f"
7a

(3) +ffiO 'image" rt'b" ttrt,tEl- !) ffiv\/:

0 Ll:b L.,i.o+l:E-cT\>Tatrae'f
f4
j "
/Sv._l I E A,/s 4 ] - tt*<>
(v.*fi.J ollil:&v.*f. IIIf )v-j
)t

t-hru\\\

*f.

(4

o)frfr1:6 /r D
) *ffio"over" zJ' 6 " il

f )v -a

Ofuilll: L<.

[7Ht t -zt -t 7" ] I A Ea

t -rr^X.t
Llcl ls t'rf.
(5) 7 t 7 z.-#a 'sabotage" a) l+fiJ l:, ff
H'f 7'*8fta [6] ir:t,.<- | /)v-Jo)
AFI t+fi6 ) t=tg\ * L/c. Lrrtlltlj&
f /3vriL&L/rvrLv.) -'Lff" t&:Fa
+,$-61 t+&a}fi6 ) oli l:ffr,.g*1.
Example: This word is derived from the English word,

ffi*" ttAF!H,B,. ln "=7l.rir.r.

b,,"r7.lrr6v\" F!H*.
(2) rUiE "cancel" ffi*. WlHt\+&itt.ljH'!H,B.. trn "flt
'frffi,a+#'Jt + *, i )vt 6" "A+o*!RA + v
"r
t )v L/." F!H*. HH.ff N+ArJffi "
(1),t\4ig

(3)r{4iE "image" ffiX" FF*.F!HE. tE ",t }-rlr:

lrprrzSvr" " E/-ts4 )-ltt*o(v.*fi."
Pl
HfA. s.U,Fm+z,hi1"
(4)r\4iE "over" ffi*. ffhn+dli;c], tzr]fiE4Fj
Effi*Tfrfiih\" tn "+H,tt-ts*t6" "Aft.
o^Xtt-/r-L/:" +ffi}*.
(s)i*iEF! "saborage" fr! "+tfi" hll.tlffi]-"1E " 6",
Ithr+4rk1 "t,l-i6"" 1r "ttsa+t*'b" "+Ftt
+fi 6 " F'!ffi *, tzi4:t4lff..fr\#1fr 'F.fiZr.lt#,"
EJ+^J ol olTl
( ql ) gqg "interview".i^l .
^l+g
E
a"Jq+. nr+ 5;lolzl5. -Jq4.
(1)

to cost money and it is used in expressions

suchas[:X l..rrr.r.6l
(2)

,;:X

I.rrffiv\]

this word is derived from the English word,

It

&o1*ia+

7a

"cancel".

in such situations as lftff

l,lts$.aKtfrt * r > t tv

Ltl. It can often be used as a verb ofthe

(3)

is used

r, t )v-r

3rd group.

means something that stays

with you after seeing or

hearing it. We can use this word in expressions such

as

t * )r;v.v..,/Eiv'l,l E A,b 4 J - )t$c (r,.

* f /.J It can be used as a verb of the 3rd group.

[4

(4)

(4)

this word is derived from the English word, "over".

It

is used in the form of a verb of the 3rd group and

A"l ^l+6JqEl

gqel

"image" ql^l .

q9 'over'otl^l . mrE F^le +Eq , *zl

+ ^lzol qlaHEl Y+ole 4 ^i+*q4.I+Ht
t*ts-tb) l+fr.aLryft t-u\- L/:l FoJ

g=J'^q9 "sabotage" I l-+i,fl ,++61= +

"i
+g t6J 7l Eol^l r rE t.^l tt,li6l 7l gg
+q4. 6101 5l= "Jg 617.1 9+=q= g"l"J'14.

(5)

tftSA +|ff

6I

t+&A +r,ti6

E *r*oHeEU

(2)

_j

e+

rJol

^l+.Jq

t-r\-f

6.1,

laFca&&t*-l1-

L/c.l

l+Ht
, etc.

(5) This word is derived from the French word, "sabotage",

and we add the conjugation form

make a verb of the 1st group.

It

[ 6 ] to "sabo" to
means

not doing

something we are supposed to do. This word is used in

situations such

(f{)r\+iE

as

[flStt,$'61 , T+&A*f fi6].

"interuiew"

+4iilffi"

nn.'*" XinHlRF.. AEMIEv

El

-?'#h8ffter
(P.53)

when a number is higher or a period of time is longer

than we expected. For example, we can say,

qq.

lhis word is derived from the English word, "image".

It

e+

ql^l . ++dl

+fl71= BZ+
+
=Z+
+ql "i*4"I B"l 9= a"Jqq. [,] r-Yrrv.
v' /#.v' J I E A,ra I' * ! t#->(v. *fr._l el
,Jdl
^l-s.Jqq. ilrE: 5^lolTlE -Jq4.

(3)

means deciding that a prior arrangement or plan

will not take place. It

:rx l.rrHv\l

I "cancel"
+ elc9 r"JFb
a"J'l+. |ftff&o)T*tt + r > t )vt6l ta5
o#J*.t+r>t)v L/:l 4 aol ^l+-Jq4. il
rE 5^lE +5q + #qEl.

can be used as a verb of the 3rd group.

means

(2) "1

(1) This word is derived from the English word, "cost".

It

==
gq9
"cost" 9l^l . 5ol E= a"Jq4. [:rx l-

ffrt'/)'b_)

"interview". It means meeting people to talk to them.

It

"cost"

tffiHl
<<ffis>>

(1) @
(2) @
(3) o
(4) @
(5) @
(6) o
(7) o
ffiE'ffi=ril.

<<fi4FH>>

(FJ),

|f

rl tl

- 3 /.irL o tlEElt rs I L

LoiLr(+,

9-r.6. @ltiBv.*f.
2) H-ffit*t:#v' tcltF- Ila

JE&

l.F,t( r'

(2) In this sentence, there is no

gv./c] ,1ft,4.1:F,t/c.l

MffiKfrT L6L tStrEItIIJES /-|:AfiLrt'

IJ/:) tt:ts\ *t" ltrc/:l c)lt$trrllr)
tt) t t /-rt,6. Ol*8r,.i9-" IIJE3/-tl tH
Fd L/:"1 alJla ( < tqrdE *Lt J (]rtfi'b,
@iiEv.*f.
(5) +8, trs0a?7TaY\rt HL($b"t

/clE$EltEL/c.
Lri Ll

/:l

lf

trs@,3-;h;tfi]t:hffit fi, -> < v' aE,r,:

It

@a lvltficl:l tt Eblri irLti L

rtt&) ?] *ri/,r.6v.f f. [,Et:,A.-/cl
oiJEA(" il6 9 *t/-/r' 6. @ltEv.*-l-"
If

we remove the modi$'ing clause,

it will

be

1fi'6H,i.6 E*#BErFfiffi ffiffi l- r-:>7

t ] ) i.

will be

[*[F

was bothered ( [ENc

) is not the head of the department, so

was he that was questioned

@ is not

tHFd

Ltl

( IHH 3 ir./:]

),

).
so

is not correct.

CD

(5) Ifwe remove the modifring clause, this will be

fi**&ELtl

.There is

[48.

[f,]'J in this sentence, but

""
tf;+gAL< 6 6 o /:1, tf;+eaE
L /c I . Th. person who tfi* t A L /c-l is not me,

itwas I who

so

@ is not correct.

correct.

so

@ is not

Although it is not written in the text, it is I who

l, L,E,o (tr.6l, so @ is not correct, either.

(7) l#tfr,-> /cl in @ was not what the robber did, so
I fr>lf

it is not correct. It was not the painter wh" IJE l:,tr,o

ftl
(

, so

@ is not correct, either.

fr,i " ! a 7 E lvliSEA ri ( La L*. c l:" "

*+sEiFdt,fi 7 " wtt+tEfabtt:bt f< L* "> t:" "
*+F!+k, trrll@Tff.

frf ) *+S.i*F,t

Eri/:"

"6

i .'H#/-/J A*[?[E+t.f&E!S'f. trrttA

+E@.
(3)
(4)

"v\Ar'rl:" EtIEjEA,

trfh@4xj.

"gtrFttiliE e A,r:ff

Lr.it/:" " h
("El-/:") 6*ltK, trJfte^ff" drEjt4
Z.EiETEA ( "AFd L/:" ), mEjifi r"l# ( "HPf, 5 rL
*+4i*dirtT

xEf!

/c"), trft@Tl{"
(s)

*+S.igBtttT

"+8. f;*tiE L/:" " ts6lifrE7S

H"tL" ,trB"fr+gAAL( 6 e'o/c" "fr*#&iEL/:"

?[E+t'f&F!+'lH. i6 iF]A ( "f;+g& Lt" ) fl!z;&,

i ir/.c t"

(Example)

[ v. t3 1. '>

correct. Mr. Yamada does not question

t,

tr1

) E&

clause, this

ItdJHAl"l:ffLz1'lJ/d.Who

Erffiffitt bL. l+ H. f;*trELtj l:

ts D t.t. : o)tl: lt[f* )trrb 0 * t&rr. tf;+
gAtrL< {: D "' /:l tfi*#tELl: ) a-tttL
rf. Tf;+aA L/cl o)t.Jt|ctdd.* 0 *.t /-

(Z

did, so the answer is @

If we remove the modifying

(4)

(1)

,'8, Oi*Ev.*f"
(6) t 7 E l"rrBr.6++"2 < * ( < *LftlEETl
A+A 3 A,l: 6 *)LlI i LE- (v.6o
+ /. 3 i,rr*j *T & *$c ( 8 /: a? It &> 9
ril"r.
*
6@llv. * -l-. td) + 11$vr (
A D *rii,rr. t6tlI i LErl'1.r[_l a)t*
f,/,rfr.6. @iji6v.*f.

[4it

, U"t t L,Jl - |. A
[6
a-H,#,tuti)
,and

(6) Ms. Kim did not bring sweets with her,

Lr(t,

will be

I who bought

Mr. Yamada , ro @ i. not correct.

rBv.*f.
(4) g[tr rtA-#rH H 6 ?L< E, < v. 6
Lri

are all what

1-

lTm * a,ll:;6 Lrt'u.,:"

was

[fA]

(3) The person who was not there

6.6i-.tr]<ii/.fi"
:ott:tt lfiLl rt\b I *-ti&rr, ILi-{-

6$vr/:J l1t\.r:Ht/cl t6 i ..tr-#/./jl

itA*Ff{/rL/c : L rfr. 6. 6,i. lJ@rf.
( 3 ) il E 3,1 i:Av. i:*/clEEEl"lrrv\/.rr. il.1
El 3 &iJv.&i'o t"
Iv. /375.-; /._l o liilJ E E /-ff ,' 6. @il

It

the book, so @ is not coffect.

Lr({,

L?ffihit L 6 L rffi dA tEtat,i:r) lt(

L*.-clc) l:r3 4 g j'" 4aH ->lcalttL?
Loj

L* ->/c)

clause, this

+tElixrtafrrlf(L*.'cld

T Lt. ->/c.

+ryffiKftt bt I )= Y3&ltEF&rr(
L< Lt ->le) l:te D *f "
( 1 ) 46fiAirFo /:LF&E/nbrt br,X L* c t"

2 a > Sl"ttEEtrr < L(

Ifwe remove the modifring

(1)

trrlbe4ff"
(e)

TE4'#ffi*F!,F,h, trtt@Txj"

E1+19.Htr, ltr

E "bV I ) LEa <v,6" F!+i, trttt@Txj.

(7) @Txi, Eh"kt fi - /:" F!;F4''f6i. "IFl:,^', /."
fr\6F-trr?, trtt@6xj"

(q ) +49
N3

ilXE

r)a >6/.ltry-Ht rr( L(L

t-;/et zl B'J4.
(1) +4g dlB r4li4AtsEbliblf<Lt.->lct

7l

Eqq. 49 + ^l+g +ol7l "]+ql @e 5BqEl.

y tfiL_t zl S4 "J r p,$- h A#vr/.r
rfrAl:F.ri/:r rbi-tr-#i,/jr ts d*'llzl *

(2) ol E+.il^J

"Jolos dE-e @EqEl.

(3) rv. /31..7.r ts 6lEL4 alol p g @= EB q

(4)

ttv/ct lzl

rHPf,

L/cr zl ulrlel rAH

SBqq.
r+E. f;$tf Ltr 7l Bq4.
ol ++ql= tftL-t 71 9.;<l+ rfr+#AL(6 6a
/:r rAtiELli.t ? +8q4. rfr*&FL/:: E
'lzl olulg-e Oe =Bqq. ps
olrl
(6)
@= Bq
'J 4l= 4?il zl4& lol
rarlri
,"q
L,Ko(
4. E+ql=
fl4 9+zl+
q +.
v.6r E 4ol.l"l @C
=B
Q) @g t#tft-;let E+ol + 4ol dlq =.q 5gq
=
q. r)E[:l,/. t E 4zlzl o]tJs=- @g 58q4.

(s)

+4Ag

IH=IEffi

tr EoHgAU

(3)

(P.59)

-Z0)IE

IffiHI
.

+4eg 4E r$Fl*ilHtsl"l:ffLr'trfl:t 7l
9qq. rfflot] + 4e +*Hul dlqss O+
B q 4 . ol"l4 4 E

hln!t,,9;.3

@e

!!Xd

<<ffi$>>

(1) $-i/"Li-Js'\A,L
(2) a>/-Di < 3vr*&D,{,D( 3v.
(3) 6)v.:,/'vrt$of.v.
(4) <4rt\+?>rt\
(5) SDpo*$l)c
(6) Lrol;"6'>+lf,<>
(7) Drg'>l\A''Dc"Bii,
( 8 ) lB- /: L J b-)fr .> leb. i(9) a bb-i.cr:>
(10) fA*ri1"--fr1rg{tu
<##>>

tli*,

Lrir!(

(1) (2) rJ, E#rr@3ir(v.Ef. (:) l*

Llit?(
(4)
LEB
fg466p1'pr]f.
E
[vrl
ti.l
<<bL
l.ibL
(5)
(6)
tfEE
til nr'EE t-j i:r3oaprgf.
tabL
(6) a l?6t)
$ffiEa tatJh
t,oj nru63lr.(v.*f"
Lriti(
at-2affi&irB8fu(v.tf. (7) a lL}l a
#glf.+tt[ D o c _]-1lE i _ yglzavtftir. I Dc I
6bD*f. (s) ii ral *rEffiai"<, -#rr<
a,(v.*f. (9) riffif L * t3&i ( /iti/:Ev.
fi<,Ih-t') I?-t ) IE"cL) /rD660t-f"
(10) tl [Aj oT$iirr ( rsc(EB [v.l /jdl:/ra
/:i LtJ(". ffi < L * tii6 bA J < Fflv\(v\6o
rttav\rLr ir.. ffifiH,z< ( ff8v..
iri5a

rtEDoFdE

(P.s6)

Lrah?(

[F"lE2l
<<#s>>
1

<<ffi#>>

:
- ffiL & L /: v'4H t u' b v' bE'c (
v. * f ir. E&i: l-*[EA *.i-/e e>Rft l>Eb 6t,
L.B,.' (l LEc (v.(. aiLri+go)ItHff"
Itfi,afrfrolf ) itt l -: E LOIIH l:A-r (v. 6 J
i [:.F.i_*trr. E&*c] < mv\( ( /j 3v..
h a Lldl

The woman lists many reasons for wanting to move

house, but, in the end, she says,

would change

ifl

"I thought that my mood

got a new place to live."fhis is the real

reason she wants to move.The other reasons seem to be

appropriate, but listen carefirlly

until the end-

kffiin l &.+Mffi46!4 S, &trif. " ffiE& 4. i-tc

bfltl64.b 6i' 1,ts: (", BZ-EEEF!4*. tr'fe,
ffirH fr E lt){str+ fi^ffiXft1B fr , {EE*$^. Fft U M1A
EfratJ&.tr, trEUEffiHtA+"
ol4= ol^lE 6lr dg ol+= qel zlul uJala gl
zl u.l , ulzl qrol rolg El+E TIEE Hlg 4 zlrJ:L 4
4dlrlr 4r. g6lJ. fl=ql , ol4ol dal "l+oJqEl.
4=- olfrzl ol^|g olfE ",t= 4 ?41 ^g494"J,
ulzloltfizl e Eq Bd^19.

FS

FSt i I
and t}le 6g: [vrJ are omitted. In
tr* l-i.l
changes to the'[EB [:I . In (5) and (6),the S l-,o]
is omitted. In (6), two #S ut" omitted in the word, [f
ffil .I" (7),1D- ) is used for [10] even though it is
usually pronounced I D ug c] these days. In (8),1 b )

In (1) and 1Z;, tft"

are omitted.

In

(S), the

(4), the

is omitted and the word is shortened. (9) is a casual

expression used only in conversation. Th ere are also f

t'1, I ?. bl,l

Eo61,

&>

->

etc. (10) is an expression

in which the consonant of I /1.I is omitted and only the

vowel, I vr
often.

It

(1X2)

"vr""

-l

, is

left. You may hear this form used more

is a good idea to memorize both of them.

+AffiTKE" (3) +AffiTKE 'a" tuLE

+KE "r" AFtT{trE "."" (s) (6) +-ffi
@" . @ +W" +'ffi" AWTffi+WrE. (D +" 10"

(4)

a {48"

ffiE

ffi:aE,

WEE, &WIAnTk "t),p-",1!,EIUii

"Dc".

(s)

+AWT " b" , iitAET. (e) tri*+&[trFlifr,*,

6H'&>-6" "?">t'" "E"cb" +iill*^. (10) + "4"
A\ffitr^EF, J].fttT-E "v.". *hA)E+, HryFf|J
H\vtr&"
o.) Q) 'JE6I#FJCE.
*+dl ^J+gq g+qq. (3) e *+
=
til e+ s+ [v.] z] ^B+qq 9+q4. (4) **
= (6)
li)zl ++({EE\1">)zl9q 9t+qq. (5)
+ s+(&B) tol zl d+qq gl+qEl. (6) I t+
'di)
2 zl9 s+(&B)ol ^d+qq 9l+q+. (z)
=
I t10_J 9 gge rl#g tDl9?l iljl "J6l= A+
7l Y+;<l+, [Dal E 9l+q4. (8) e l4] 7l ^B+
99 *"lzl *.14 gl+qEl. (e) "J+ q 2t= Hl
=
"J -cde-tr l&>.>t') l?.ctr) lE"ct>l 5'E 9l+q
4. (10) e tal 9 zl*ol $.q4 s+ fvrl u3og
"J-tr , 59 "I= ol+g zl+ Ey 4+zl y+xl ?+g
4 -Jq+. o&+ s+ 7196I +d^ls.
tt,h'\'
; r'
tll" .
2 ffiffiQtzDOFF*.tIE (3) -FEE(I )
(P.61)

tffiH1I

(6) @
(7) @
(8) @. o
<<##>>
(frf

l) l-t ->T&>tf/e ) r9-r.6. illBt6&rrEl

43 A'afcd>l.ryHt
t v) t L/c.
L i: ttt'

Httu)*Lt"

+A {

L/c.

* Lt.
(6) [v. Dd>6tt/c) a$.hVr-f" ft#3l"ri
ilJTE&tv.DeD* L/c.
I E *>tttc I a9,h'#c-l.. ffi^ 6 i,r.-{fiff
E /-I: lh L/:ltJE/u/rv.Tl LEv.* L/:"
ilt t |tt.
( 8 ) tffi* ttf:J tt*.hV<i" E+ 6l"ri t A

IffiH2I

(T

(1) o
(2) e
(3) @
(4) o
(5) @

i,l:fts4ffi8-!Lt:"

(Example 1) As the phrase

is I

-c

( b llt J ,

Ms.

Yamada took the picture for Ms. Tanaka.

(Example

gtt*oH*noJ (3) -&i. gg.

- ?) 6lf 6./

$ b a ,/

<nA

2) I L b'atlcl

is

M|FM.

Ms. Yamada asked

(ordered) Ms. Tanaka to take pictures, and she took

them.

(P.62)

(Example 3)

IffiH 1I

tL

it

/c_J

is

*.hM.

Ms. Tanaka took

pictures of Ms. Yamada.

<<#>>

l0

ff/'0.F,/:o)lt,

> 8A,ff"
L i:ltf
q3trt6t3vrJ.
ttfulyVct.
tEl bt6l
Lf
I < AL\: t rsEtt6of. Errtr q ta"
( b ) l-**. (; 3'ri/:l,a'6:ltlLc-f. HE E A,
,rl(${ A'tt=l?zi.. L(. tFE i,ir**c ( 3

<<ffis>>

F L < l> t' .> /: I , Ms. Chan

[GtL( < /jEv. l,soitwas

(1) As the phrase is t

askedMr.Kimto

o.

l"i: tAL( ( /j3 v._l L *sffiv. L(.

+a 3l"rrL* L/:.
(2) t< l3 3a/:l tt t(itl:l aH'trrW<-f"
tl: 19.1 ttbt) *.tLnr.[( ir./:.] lrfta (fL
D r )v-ja L) l:t11_"696 : L ('fr. b,
JE4ErriX 0 *L/c.
(3) tF,ri<6 6ol:l 'efr.6. t) /E/-ir lH
/:r,:l L 7'l E/,t"*.Fv.L<. 7 4 t /,lt

(4)

(1) o
(2) @
(3) e
(4) @
(5) o

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

-Cfi.t>, 1'r v6&rr

(1) IFL(66ctl

Et*

<<ffig>>

6'ritl

ttF.:ryvr-f. rljE6l"r\'E
tr3 l"l:64rL(. E+3 /,rrgFA L D
* L/:"
att 4 n\'
(frJ 3) t L bttl:) I**.hV,,rrt. H+3l"rr
@J2) I L

Mr.Kim who lent it.

(2) t < /j E c /:J is F-W.M for

[ ( i'ul:l .There is
(
[*LJ in this sentence, but [ ill:] refers to an
"o

o
E1l6fr.Za Et#F^Ettft

action which is done for me (or people in my group),

ffiffitL-->?N3

so

it was the teacher who sent it.

l-flri( 6 6 a t] , Ms. Lin asked

Ms. Ai if she could see ( t -tr /: t7r I ), and Ms. Ai

(3) As the ptuase is

it to

showed

her. Therefore,

6ii6l

(4) TE

it was Ms. Lin who saw it.

is/tF|kM. His brother does

dangerous

or bad things and this causes his mother problems.

[S- ( a 3't]/:-l

(5)

is M.itkYt. Ms. Yoshida

gave

instructions to Ms. Mizuno, and it was Ms. Mizuno

who brought it.

(6) [t,r l)d>

btttc)

is

*.HM.

Mr. Sato bullied Mr.

Yamashita.

lEt>*tic)

(7)

*.hM.

is

lEEltEit/rvttl

Mr. Suzuki said to Mr. Sato,

tffi* fu/:l 'rs *.hM.

(e)

Ms.Tanaka askedTorn to do

ajob.
(

fil

1)

tr}JE

"L

btftc"

->(

Ffiu)EfiHJt+.'AF,+

ft&flHfrtfE"

t bqtlc' EIFltg" dtEftei#* (Et'ft+)

+it+, &E+ftkh(ew--rffi"

( FJz)"

(f,J3)"t bttte" E+rtil. ElFft+f;HTffi.

(i) EIXE "HL(6 b-:te", Ffit:)E4,lK$4'#ii, "

L( ( /j{v.", ifrfifilEzl.#"
(2) " < lj6 ->tc" F " lttt:" tu1,ffiW" 6l+Ef,tit
fl^", [HF- " (

"

ttle" tzrr'J+tElfi FfE,,\fl+trFt+ffi

Ffiv)htu\^F*ZIF"
(3

El

"-E

{f < $

frtffi t l:rtfr t
(4) " w

e>

->

/e",Ffr D)Ezl $f,}'.fzJrf if

"fl

l:fffiA " tr.ftEja4ErlFE.4"frffJ4ilF

/3

"

8'ti/:"

"v.DD6lrt:" E&4t" e#ft,+W.f1T ilJTftA"

(z) " E tcltt:" E&4r " #ftft,+xttr#lft+in " EA fl It
1oy

E?tt*L.-e""
(s) "*i * ttl:" F*at

4l

^ld 49+qEl.
=
( ql 2) f L 6.ri/:r
4l= E}+
=- ^lq"JLi4. "Lolcl
4 4l.ll/il +q ( BB ) 44 44zL ,lllzl ^ld$
+ldl^l

4q+q4.

3) f & t>lttet Y

+++"Jq4 . 4'lzl 4171 ^14

g 49+q4.
(1) rAL<S t>->tct 6llvl* ulzyz14l"il1l rFLr
( /:'Ev.L 4-z P99 6ll^l ? 4{7} gejig+q4.
(2) r< ff8ctr ts r( ltlc.r I +U 'JqEl. ++
9l rfl,r E S4 EJ r ( *r-lcr E + ( Lll :zBg
^l+ )
( ql

+q*+q4.

IffiE2I
<<Fg>>

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

o
o
o
@
@

<F#,>>

no^lrr4o^t:ftst [f cLv.( (f c
<J:;v.()l L Ec (vr * f
lna Ltrr
t CI
) t ra'.6.
D *.t. alL&
^tt=tt8-tffiLfi
6 L@r-f .
Eh*t.t

(ffi)

(r)

&{. Efrft +lEm7KWft+,

" fr + JE+ilttJWfr+l&+.
oT&>tflct oltlz| olulQ ,tl= 4+7t

,,q=

i tJ ,t Elu

iLTKWe*1.

( ql 1) f L

!lE:fl+qq.
Q) lEbttle t +F"Jq+ . a:771 4l7l ^lE 4l
ql4 rLll"Jg = "J4i 4l "J*6ulrl.
=zl
(8) r#i* *r/:r
+-F.J Lltrl . ulrlzl 4l7l E 4l oI
=
,il g9

"

bt 6" F-fftk. frfrtff.ftwelntrffi+ffi , &tg

#.t (

^14

r",

Lllq}jG.
(s)

ol -H-*+q 4
rll 3ll^.1 6I= 63 g ol E e d
^J H
r-Et<{:
(3)
b:/e: ol sE fl /nl7l r{a dr}r e}
a olol alqlil +qql^l olol al=. trq+fl+q
El. :rzlsE. e ae A r4Eqq.
(a) lffi6'ri6:
BF.Col 96J* "Jol
=^]EdJqE].
oJ
6lqzl
4 #zl 9** Fg
$ulz| S-z.ltN{ulr}.
g^lEl rlTi
(5) r#c(i3t/cr
^lEoJq4.
=
El=l- 4l ollZl 7'l^l6loj El?u
7l4q+q4.
^l7l
q
EI
(6) rv. Dd> t>tttct
4l zl olEl
.
^lE
= +F E

"ll

Eo
lt z< &< ) L Ec (,
^nrlto)At:z t. L /:" i nt fnl,&\.t=
< rLr.'a

^fft
f6 Lorf"

(2) *oLrtr [b D
i I LEoTHa)yrtrt
'rL ffr.b. O(f"
6 a L.tH/-acvr*f.

G) ko^rtr [,1.'26+tr) (],"c(ti/je))l

L Ec ( v. * f
b,* -A0Airil.c.* L t i &
'.
tl
t:/r *f. atLtf.hyt:tA t@ct"
(4) *o LrtJ lijffia ( /i 3 v..] L t"'E',. L (.
EaLrtif brt'-/:) LEi-/caa,@o l'#-;
T 4> r' "> /:l i: a t] * t-. Ott [at]/\rrq
a Lt'ft -ctl L v. ; gmo&Ftr-A-.
G) ta^rtr9go^i: l-'#,ttia ?l LFflvr<v,
a L i:13 4 1
*f ,'6, 4oArrE;ilt#,/-f
iu A ,kL
-f" .rL&*.q*.t:g6L@rf"
oti t^c)
rr E FtA-ifi r"fl & v. i guFo&?ii"eg-.
(Example) The man asks the woman to do a job

t,.( (t-r (*3vt().1

( [f c
[4O

), so the answer is

rr4o,/r'i:&SASF&/j.1

@ is the

*.h*.

ffiE'ffi=in

fo'

11

(5)

this sentence.

l4 i-< 4T ) ,and
O is the &fi t for this

(1)The man said to the woman,

then the woman thought.

sentence,

(2) The woman says, [

fir L. a .l , and she is happy

U)

about what the man is doing. So the answer is @

(3) The woman says,

[J,c 6 + ff u) (f,,c ( ttta)) ],

*4

which means she is giving a warning. @ is the

I for this sentence.

[*;ffi6 ( /j 3 v.l and

the man replies I bll'-t /:-1, so the answer is @l'ftT i> E, "> tl . O is the fitt which means IAO

qzlzl HzlglZl l--tfiA,liD ? I zljl E-,1 I o o=

V^l7l oJTlZ gle aol Bq4. olE +FEoe
El'ftr OEq4. Og f4oAirEF8tffil"/jr el
9"19 ^lEEoJqq.

E *EDOF"IE

(P.66)

(F"1ffi21

<<ffig>>
2

(4) The woman asks the man to

(5) ^rttrycl-^tt+->/c)
The woman asks the man,

[ ffi /- la 0)

? _l , so this

her diary. @ iu ttre 4*

for this sentence. @ is the {Fit* which means [A
means that the man read

o) rsHFt&ffi/"/jl

f!

Hf

xitrFlifr,fr,IlF" P c L vr(

(t c (

Jsv\

()

",

Ffr D)8 " n a L,{Aq)/\ [cf]S a*Frlj"

" +Ej]+

EJ+N.FXiIBANFIiE@)"

(r)

qF!x{f Htin "zi-<4<" #trkfr\tRT"

fE

Bt6lTAFi&:rkE"Efr,E@"
@ kE\iX'

q rtr

ft"tle"

",^JHW4&W+mtrX. FfrUF;O.

"t$c(6 bcl:". O "ta^lriBo]^t

tuI|fr'tkFJ"

iE. tEBf6l?*.114'EAlH-drp.O" O . k a Lrtl

E=iiltffi,/-/:' W&LVH.
( ql) +:tzl olxlqzl 99 rf c lvr( (f c(Jev,
r)r elr "J6lr 9lg=.e. rBaL*rAaLIE&.
St$F,a,/i: 7l qq. ol49 +F#e-tr. dl+
tr @.Jq4.
(1) $zlz| olzlqlAl tZ Z< 4<r ela "Jola r4l^J olzl
7l ^J4*+qEl. ola
+ Hl+tr O"JLltrl.
^lq+o
Q) q47l tb\rt\t a r 4l *oX pxlz| a1; a35
g 7lrE6-lr. g+qEl. _aelEs O"Jqq.
(3) oJzlTl t):ct:+/jr) (,1.o(tt/iE)r elr 96}
.a !l o ps q,+71 +g=
adl Llq. "lag
=
+5.E- o E ul+ @.J 'J trl
@) q^l7l r$ffiB < f;8v,r 4r +qg ql^l Bzlzl
tbfi'-c/:.t 4l uliBr} o o E @9 fffi: ( {: B
=
/eJ zl u]4. Og rAq) r\Ho)^.tt?olet el
.

=
12

9Elel

Ya+E fF?il lWFfrl L v. i . L tJtJH( *

*f ,r. ; ;.rttilry3ir.(v.*t/-. 4rlf *

6Al:cv.( 6. Al:6F-; (v.*rt/." [86_l

L v. ) -' L tf,i*tt)+l ?&> u) t.t A,rtr. lffiEo f
* o:' L tlocl1,r,tF. frilfi. fr.t,fi. ffi'o n I
d)#[r]t*. fitEo) l-FJ#i o#,EEcg-" t /c. 6t
Lr,Lj( i'
taa I +&:-rrt.&#'2 (ft&E*t
fj o*[r]ti. tF
+iit<

rf" iEfrffi o'#ffM.htL( v. /r (

( 6. lIi.o i L lf f Ec (v\6 : 2.rt\frru) t.t
L

Ltr,}}'E-l

,.6ilHL(( /jEv..
In this sentence, there

@kfr\if, " ).'t' +/iE (La(lt/j&))", EtrtEAq

E Ft " +etsaft +*.FnLafrm,E@ "
(4)kfl\ik "#t+L ( /i*v.", HtrliH "bn''ctc", Ffi
D)F@

<ffi-#>>

^lEE.JqEl.

4f"bH,Za EtFFBEtEfrF ffiffi F t/- - >?

l&Ffil ,b"t

are words such as

they are not explained here.

I B H _l and
It

does not say

anJthing about the participants either. There is no word,

IF6-l of the lecture. Moreover, [S4."aItl*c

(ffi&in* (J in the last part refers to I-F L j^41'
E.l . %" should note that, even if words that appear in

of the

the multiple choice options are not used, the same thing
may be said

with

fr ffi

"

frlifr,EA

a different expression.

xtT-

"fr*'

6E

)J8tu1

Lfi,lkH Il /t iHaA.

I +e

"ffi#a L 3 o: L [fr)
'>tt'l.h, EE#. nAi, 8.0h" F!*[r], -Ekp.lrE
t#BFr+H!. 6H &.trffi " P-L=artt # o (ffi&-l** r"
frI"n{b, E'i "FLL;afr*"" ffigi}H, AFiI+4
ffi Ef+In+&ffi F! idlt, mH f Hu F!id[.
Ef9l rffiHr r&Ffit 4Y EJol +94EJ, qzl.I^l=
Bqq slzl *Gq4 . +7loJ + g= ^l*ql rl6l^lE
dl-+fl t#ol sG:qq. rFJ6'r ol4E
"J* s6.i szl
sI , rm#r) L I 0): L tfoazl'e.F. [E#, naF. a
Dtr: FE9 z*49 fFJ6r 9 B'Jqq. E+, El;<l
"+9 t+A.-ifi Affi c (ft&E** f: 8ts9 rH LjLAFEI
oJrJ4. d4zl9
"Jol 2tola glzl tlr.l4s +" "Je "J
B}r 9l= 4*s 91o o= +9Ell +d^ls.
*19H

N3

r3+i'1,

lEF_.

Unit O4

fiFftIt,

E FOHSNU (4)
-Ef [,ZEtf AEAtEIYn)

(P.69)

IffiEI

e)oiE+.tfi,(4)
affiiiiot
rtL\ - uritlh

<<ffi>>

(f )

ef

Hi(r,.(-H,i-(T

-fi#*rE,

a;"n<,,**ffi,LD+

(3) i8'c(L*i'&-t'Pj
( 4 ) H c ( L*.'c lc c>-H-> L * -> l: t>
(5) ft'c ($ ( -'ff z L (
( 6 ) 4,rft'v\(+IE/v Dv\<'
Q ) +( L/rllielr-F ( Lrr 5 +
3 ; $vr(*3i.& ( (tir#v.(*jr'lr < 6 {'
( 9 ) *Sb- T Lt' o(v' 7a-Wb'cb <'c( b
(10) L(L*c(*:j* aEv\rL6+o L 3 /rf

(P.70)

IffiH1I
<<ffig>>

(1) vtt/jStvr. e
(2) tstb\' c
(3) FE,L<. a
(4) ELtira(. f
(5) fjEl:r'r'0. d

<<ffi#>>

Lt.a)71t6r)l sqq 9l+q+. (5) (6)3[<

(r)ij < l7l tL < (L'< )ls qq 9l+q4. (7) I lrr
LtlLlll zl [r**{,.l E qq 9+q4. (8) 3 lre(
<ttJ 7l Ire ( 6 <,_] s 9ol 9l+qE] . (e) =. lffab:
<L* i -Kb->6+ i.j 4 [(v.6*( 6 I zl a]41
'4oll 9l+q4. (10) g tL(Lt i'Lu' t'i-l 4
t(*s ( *L < I 7l +rl 4"1.a 9l+q4.

v'

L,i!?(

I ) tt [(v. * j'l ar [v.lir&Fts ltl:6 o)rf .

(2) lf triilrrtD+li:/a2(r,rS-1. (3) (4)
(

It t(L*il ,r [6*,i] t:A-<v'*f" (5)

(6) iJ t< (r) fi<l rr tL< (D()l l:ir.

(v.*f" (7) il lrrllfi.iJ] ,r [43 +] i:/r(v.*f. (8) lf [/r((ll.l ir lrr(6+.1 t:

/rr(v.*f. (9) ll. lKb'>(Lt'i-Wb">
6*,il L [(v.b-ab) riL.,Lxl:tfr.bxt
(v.*f" (10) lJ.tL<L* 1-Lr'*'i.i L t(
$ ( rL ( I 7)rv.- L xt:Ifr.btt(v.*f.
Ivrl 6f Ia1r ] f -l is omitted. In (2), If it-l
changes to I D+-l . In (3) and (4), [( L* ) I changes
.h (5) and(6), t< (('') *,i( J change'
to [6+il
(
(L<
to IL
)] .in (7), llallit'lJl changes to [/r
3 +] .In(8),[/a < (lfl changesto [/3 ( 6*'] .In

In (1), the

[#Sb.l(L* i -Kb.> 6+ i] and IaP.5

-( b ) are used together. In (10), I L< Li i -L
6 + i I and [(*i ( -L ( -] are used together.

(9),

1r;"(v. * f"f H!"v."'ffiT"t21"-cl*"Ant" D+".

(3) (4) "( L* i " AFI "+'* i" . (s)(6) "( ("e) ti <'

qfi"L < (L<)". e)"lsIJ{Ltl"'Lfi"tr3+". (s)"re

< (li" AFi "/*( 6+". (s)"Khc(l-*.i'W*>L+i" fiE "<v,b-(b" -fu&H" (10) "L(L j

j-LL+i" fn "<*:(*L<" -ts{FE.

(1) g l(v.*f.l 9 [v.l 7] 't+9 a'JqE]. (2)
lf lll zl iD+l -tr gdl 9l6qq. (3) (4) = [<
=

<Fil>>
i 1 ; tv./c/J < I ii t6 a I I ol#;i{;ilrf" ( 2 )
f naul ( /j 3v.l o l#-( /i3v'l lJ. <v'ia
prf3gffi1r L/c\, Htd>/:9t 6t * L:f{vt*f"
lJAlri l
llt'lJi
(3) r++Ef
bl B lF.al offi-#;+rt. (4)
l&vs.rf a lttf C-{6./ ffftt']o#&;+rf . ( 5 )
[$Et:r.r.6l B tait o]*##i;iir-1.
(1) [v./:/j( I i. ffi#;+for [6 ba ].(2) tii

- < /jfvrl oft*iE D ( /jEv'l

isusedtoask

a polite way or to recommend something.

in
(3) l++F,-f z".l

something

i' a*#i* for I Ha ) . (4) [d Lt'rr

6 I is +&F* fot IE,sr ,/ffi.tr.l. (s)tti El l:r.r.6 "l
is#-#;+for [Ai.l
1r; "v./:/i<" "6 r'a" h\Hi*i*" tzl "*:tr0
( /jEv." fl! "#- ( tEv." EB-1!Ui*4etI5|J
/\'f&++Ff i{Hfr!. (3) "++-Ef b" fr"F b" E!Hi*i*.
(4) "ELiri6" E "E.sa,zAhtr" Bletrig. (5) "*5
.

"Ai" F!Ei*iE"
el e"]q"Jq4.
11; [v'/:t<]
= t66il

trrifi'rt'a" E

(2)

I t*i-( /jEv.l = C+6141 +

ffl'bl
'+614+ fl+e "rl +q4. (3) tF-Ef 6l
"
9 A"JqEqq. Q) lALLrtrbl = tA'r6,/ft{rl
I +4"1'Jqq. (5) tt"'El:r'r'6.l = tAil I

ttitr!1 < /:3v.1

eolq"JqEl.

lffiE2l
<<fi*>>

(1)

ffiE

'ffiin

13

(2) @
(3) @
(4) o
(5) O

brev.l E

<<ffiiH>>

ttk(.i J

L F L*fl
ovc, HEffi/|rEfta&ffit=i L I t.

(fU)

tFflritE).io)tr=#F$rf. [-

,fEv.*f .

(1) [1166] tr r"ral a#ff.'.+r't-"

) l-i6Dr:.ltltfr c (1.6ioffffi#rt" [*n
6rrvrj tf IitrD(.[t4vr_J b.ts0t.t"

(2

(3

(4)

tt"'tha i: tr 6 J t*l-fFtr )ltra" Jal#W*r't'"

[v.6->L+ 6l ti [r,.6J f :tj < ] t*6.j
tAllr\ 3

d)S&F*'ef"

;.rrl. ltr+ffirr: j r

fi.6. [v.6] oHpRtf.

(5) l-ir.rsiJ d tntiaa (fr()l t(tHffif6l
oHDFo) m<t o#e#ai:r-r"
l-Ffl is ffii*E$ for tB)l ,In the form
l-- L + L * f l,weuseitwhenweintroduce

(Example)

tAE 6J isS&ffi for l"f 7al

D/j_i is S&o'F for [*[o (v.61 .lfrbts
v r_J changes to I i # D f li lr L.J .
(3) [*:ifhar:rr 6l is +&;+ for lfttrlJE6 ) .
(+) [v.6 ->L+ 6 J is S&ffi for [t,r6-1,l-fi < l, t*
(1)

b L"
l'/u\r,
g EEto,b1F,?z6n)

Here,because

b).

of

ljs*ffiir-

l,it

means

[r,r

[i r'rri I is ff#ffi for lilta6 (fi ( )"l, f ([g

Hf6l oHDFo) ffi<l
(Fl)"fit" E "Ei " f.lH#iE" H*frEr,Jii,HE
tr+plwtqfl "-L F L*f".
"/aE
(r)
b" E "tb" H,1trLt"
(s)

"eFD/j' E "fuo(v.6" F!ffiE. "fo6lrv."

B!ffiiE "i6Drllrsv.".
(:) "Fth&.i:r* 7a" E "frt:" ftE "96" FtffLr.
'v't>-> Le6" "v'b" "ft<" "*a" fi!ffi#.
1+1
(2)

H!HH"

"i r.rri " F "#ta6 (ff < )" fil "ffi < ("gHf
6, FgHE)" F!Hffii*.
(ql) tFft
9 A.Jq.JLl+.t--lFL*
=tFiJ
xlzlazllsJ xl.tl9 olEg'Jg
fJ I eile
"l

(5)

']l

(1)

tA3 b) Y

t:trDrl

14

(r)

<<#il>>

) t.Eo(v.*fi'6. E/J6+E
TalLt#-(v.*f. [Ji.of; a] b#i
L5t:r<&)*4,rf"

(frf) l-Ui

Wffi l. v

- =2,7

) t+ LB(i 5v.*-tii,rL/.1 ll. Ht1r.'L

/: i L l:zv.<<v'iav: l:6+ * 6 & * f.,f{

v.tf.

(2) lren'-r.j-r /: I ialtt. b * I H.i_ (v. lri.tc0, H,i--C v.6 i L t: pffi75r1.2. ->f:gt

5 L *. Mfl,o/:Ar,:Mv)*f"
(3) l--a6. -tJ?l ti. *H*l:T t:)\4 7t
f6 L * l:f{vr g f. tE+aE= (vr6 i L

T, 4futr2-sv\< 07
tlfl ttfr.c(E.t (v.*f"
(4) l-;o)Hr*i6ei SgTLtl ti, AeFr)
I te t'

Nu f

,l x

J OHfrf E c

i;&E tL"c( 6 6 o t: 0, E#tlF"> T I: t> <>

t:D LT, <abt i:6 i -EA-: t L, 3 f:
Ei *i+Lo)44("-i-.

(b) t-<6 6vr/:v.l tt, *jmL\ttzaLAt.

fv.*f" [-(v./:/j*tr,.] tl6= L(v.
fuprtafrr,rJfff.
o) [tJ.l oHfrrtt. *fr,Ltc6
v.rr.i L. ) i,uLv.E L tFo(r,r*f. I

(6) [-lfv.v\J

tLl: lol.) t2tI6 L. ttuL trEoffi*

tr?b o tco)T6irffi &E^a (t,\ 6 i. L t: A D *

f" .i(li, t(+E+rrFtrA) S{nc((
tLb ) a L &H.t,f vr * frr, fr ) ra gtal1,.
teartil&Ea(v.*f.

lf b) 9 +Aq"JqEl.
[*llc(v'6j I +AqEq4. lfr
Et#HEtitF

(2) f
(3) d
(4) a
(5) c
(6) e

Elr 5H,i.6

(P.73)

IffiE 1I

#q4.

(2)

q4.

<<#s>>

t:F

6J.

zl

ttrtr] tHal g +Aq"JqE].

14; fvrbcL+6.l ts fv.6J [f (.i l-*61 g a
qEqq. qTlql^l= l-ij+ffirr- l olee lv.
61 9 9"loJllrl.
(5) [ir.rril
(ti<)l r(fdEa]r]r zt
= t;fiiaA
F 9"19) ffi(r
9 AololoJLl4.

ourselves.

(2)

lifDrltrrv.l

(3) [*sfF"1.L:r*6"j=

119

(Example) As the speaker says,

L'i

the speaker

invites her friends or subordinates."Ifyouwant"(

rt'o/ab )

[I

LARi'$vt *t&f

L/c.l

lffizJ,-ti. t I hl

6ll^J

dont rememberwell, orwe are not surewhatwe remember.

rr B,

[-

(3)

- tf

? -l is used when we give some advice

to our interlocutor. We say what our interlocutor said

lr b J , followed by the advice using I lf J

[E 00)Hlii b< i E * (.' Lt] is an expression of

before I

(4)

thanks used when you see someone who has recendy

t-(

6vt/:vrl is used when you want to make a

[-( V. ft /j * 7- pr] is a more polite way to

t>

request,
say this.

(6) Before the I

lf.l

of

[- lf

v.

pr.l,

the speaker

says

what would be nice or what would make her happy

a particular

thing were to occur. Ifwe add [O

if

l:l , it

means that there was the opposite result and that she

is not satisfied. Here, she hoped that

t) Tli"c<

< fu7a

(+E

+ rr

, so she complains about the

fact that it did not happen.

firJ I

ii,i6,\f"1
'fn'fft

"E

Fl;\. " t

i ? ", FfiV)F-WNEEfr}-4tt H -,{U

/t' -t tc

b'

cl

fl= a"il

6q4.

B-tr zlq6l.a 9lzl 9}A+

rNaN x141o1

flg

Efl

q.JC

+1

#qEl.

r-feb, -lf ?r b trll4lzll atg ql #q+.

rrabr *41^l "J;ll:.
^JEIzl "J6lj1 *= ag
ql ql+ 3t rttr E
gt+qEl.
^l+6lol 'J6la
(4) r.o)HUt:+'ZiZ *TL/:r
*tI7l +qlrI
=
rll+9 il+l +4Ll 4^l
"J=q +ZL}
^l^19
;19 , :rl*"ll + H rl "J*g ql "Jal= ,J^19

(3)

_EdoJqEl

r-<6 bv\tv\j +qg E "tl #L-l rl . r^-r

=
v./ctE /:v,r E qq c++ S.d"Jq4.
(6) r-tfvrv\r 9 rtfr gql^lE dd6lB +g a,
7lC ag "J6lr 9l+qq. olzlql rol:1 g go1
ts :44ts qlEl.el Ar+71 9fi, o o.e "Jg "J6l
r.9l= 4ol Bq+. olTlql^lb r(ttcllzl xltlg)
Esl ib: d ul4l 9lzl*, -r"41 q,<l *il
o ss E"Jg
"J6ll1 iltqE+.

(5)

treated you to a meal or made a meal for you.

(5)

TlEdl.a

is usedwhenwe

is used for confirmation, when we

c66l

^lr+g
t6fi,-liclcIla:

Q)

apologize politely for something we did.

(2)

6ll^i

) is also an expression frequently used to

invite somebody.

(1) l-F

fl+"J "I zla]|= -S.oJq4.

(i) rFLflisu.*F&rL/:r E.al4lol 'J "Jql El

&,Etri#H'1E1'fFH&H

H!

*4.

tffiE2l
<<ffis>>

(t)OO
(2)Ox
(3)OO
(4)Ox

@x
@O
@O
@O

@C
@x
@x
@x

@x
@x
@x
@x

@x
@C
@o

oc

E]ffiT1Th6^.
Q)
(3)

"Mrt'-fio/c I ia"

ffi

T6fii,

FIX{ H

BZ-'tiB{+F!

"-/r 6.-l{ ? ' E4xtllBtetX.HtE{'{E&HA\. 'lt

6" EfE,E.Lr'JFIEEUHI+1H, fttrH "tf" +EfiH
E Htjl+t!..

(4)

".

d)Hlt

gb< i { * ? L/:",

Wtfr., EkAfi

HXyrtfrffi&;H&
ffrFEtr trHtktrtUx$F Ej, xjx{F

*^Bttrfirf{F.
(s) "-< 6 6 vr/:vr", ffi Ti*r'lFi&#+. "-(v./:
/j3/:v." EEtffiin*.
(6) "-tfvrvr" F! "tf" FlBfffiE*4TffiifibtITFlStB.
fi RtrEilnt " o)tt:", WJ#.r'1+ltlffiP-ft1t+*R, A e
HTffiH.fr\'lH%" ABs, in'ffiLBfrtrfiF "(ffi
Ffi

Uin1fr

q)

iffi tH

your friend to go with you. What do you

Go to

see

say?

this film.

filml

@ Would you like to go to

see

this

@ I am not going to go to
@ I went to see this film.

see

this fllm.

@ Let's go to

see

this film.

(1) You are late for an appointment with a client. What

do you say?

@ I'm sorry I'm late.

@ Wait a minute, please.

@ I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.

@ Can I wait?
@ I've been waiting for you.

"

rl.i ^E"EIUZ-'
? I 4l "J6lr glgo,e a++ +ol4^l

Bqlal zl;<lr

<<tR>>

(Example) You have tickets for a film. You want to invite

fl6lr 9l+q4. rIi'o/cBr E

(2) Your teacher's bag loola heavy so you want to help

carry it. What do you sayl

@ Professor, may I carry your bag?

ffiE . ffi=Jn

15

@'f668*4,8+ti)+W?

@ Professor, would you like me to carry your bag?

@+k *TTSWit+.nH#r"

@ Professor, would you like to carry your bag?

@ Professor, could you please carry my bagl

@ Professor, I will carry your bag.

(3) At a company reception desk, you are talking to rhe
receptionist about your appointment with Mr. Tanaka.

What do you

O I'd like to

frIljflf{'tc*nnZnH W., t[E /zN EtrFj.kt

, 4,lKilt*48 IHFt4++.
@z[fr, ffiii,4.5K4iH{Fi.
@ zlT , 4'5Knl r-,(i,fHn9 i
@ Z[fr , n]Xit4.d&'i##in9
@

say?

ZIfr

meet Mr. Tanaka.

@ztJfr, 4'#ii,4i1F,i.

@ Can I talk to Mr.Tanaka?

(

@ Have you met Mr. Tanakal

el) El s.= zlzlr 9l+qq. A+ Eelqlq ?

61

@ Could you please meet Mr. Tanakal

@

(4) You tell your teacher that your friend, Ms. Chan,
be absent from school.

What do you

@ ol F+ _H-ul oJ

say?

@ ol

absent from school

told me that

she would be

(1)

absent from school.

@ Professor, can Ms. Chan, be absent from school?

@ Professor, may

have Ms. Chan, be absent from

school?

school.

E/aifi.t

tq

+^l 7lEl4 +d

@tssFFl,*pE"
fEa\aH!#FE E, i84lj7,

+l?+

4+*qEl.
^l-s

zl44r 99+q4.
EelE44L

^3'jg-

EqE Evlg?
E"t =4.v19?

Eed+q4?
dg 5q +zl 9+o ^lA^.ltlz
@ d^8H , de Eq =4a+q4.
(3) 5l^19 d+zlql^l El+7i 4le+g ++ql

iV,l,E/aiB.t

d^JH , Ag

"JElij

t*ruiIF!, HfJslt, t4.R/atfr.t

+txfi+/fi@!E.

@zIF, fg.+@lg?
@zrfr, rs6E+ffitsq?
@ztfr, fiX@"
(3) xtAEl Ft Ef 6 infrn W + fi+4t+

E} .

+.1

zl-L "J6}qrl

nH,

tAE /aifr.t

qldlol

44zl 4l='J+I di.lcl"J.

@44zl4l= +q.J i il#l,tlt
@ q+4 4 ++ 4"1 ")#4tlz
@ 4*zl{= ++ ftl4)Glttlz
6 ++4 4le+ EJ+7lE 99 9tG'14"J.
(4) a+ + 41714r d4a dCH.il4l dil+q
q . d ^J H "il ,I +l el_L 'J*ul zl Z
o d^8H , * 4zl +r= ,) ,J#LlLl
@ d^JH , * rylzl +i9 d4i1 6Jq4.
@ ddts , + 4= q,'LE:flqE {*6llz}z
@ d^8H , + 4lE *:l.tl s_21 ?+-a fl41 sIE zl
O

@ztfr,1&@E.D)p4?

oaffi4,E+iL&"
@68+i-TH+frhnq?
@,ffi-fltrEtrftArBa

16

4H+qEl.

@ d^Jts ,

@+K-HE+EKEfr."

@tfr,

*q

dCHq Aol +Zej Bq^J

qEl . +l?+a 'J6J'lzl Z

a+kx1h7, X.JT"
@iHfH+-T"
@;/I.tgh+1, xirrtE.
@fislaajungr
(4 Z!frWts.tr

4el^J

O d^Jts , eg
o c^JH , d9

OtsBFFI, LE*EIV,

(1)

q^}.a,+49 ++
^lzql
r g+qzl?

@i-*FF',*T*Et
@B*FFI, &A*8"
@ii*[$fir,+itrT"

*q

ol SEI E"l7l^1.

(2)

Htri*finE-fu*,

aql ?
ZEl.

) zlEl4^lZl iil^] =l++qEl.

@ zlqeiE qA+Hqzlz

@ Professor, Ms. Chan said she would be absent from

@rl) (rH H*xtg^,

gsi trel

**4zlz

+14.]1

4.

@ ol g s+ -Hzl oJ

will

@ Professor, Ms. Chan, looks like she's going to be

@ Professor, Ms. Chan,

4a d+q+.

O ol cl Eel

am supposed to meet Mr. Tanaka.

4h'6H,L6E*=iFFEtFfr& ffiffi I. t/-->7N3

60

(P.78)

:f EDOFf,E

!lnit,o-9

E[rt6g

[F':ffi21
<<f,*s>>

2&2

16 I

E EOHAAT., (s)
-Hf;

<<eR>>

(1) You want

to do a new job in the company. What do

you say'

If you dont mind, would

1.

2.lf

you let me do that?

you dont mind, would you please do that for me?

You can try doing that' ifyou like.

3.

(2) You want

you

to invite your teacher to a Party. What do

say?

1.We are having a party. Do you want to come'

professor?

2.We arc having a party. Would you like to come'

professor?

it

3.We are having z p^tty. Is

ok if you come,

professor?

Ql
1.

t-t

F!i6, fr?i\:*Xtt\E4

(1)

irR

3.

(2)

trIDJ.Flifr

d q^19
q4?

2.

.{Nes oJg 6li1

d#qq.

+l+j1 "J'J

s*g^lqtr,6I +zl *e-^ld+qzl?

{$e!4tr,

"I 84.#qz}?

d c^JHg +qql

arll6l-a

d#qq. +l4ji

6Jq4?
1.

+q71 gl=EI d.^JHE 9-7 dq.s-

"+dJ|gl=El , ddHE 9^lzl g:4+qzl

jJ*+qz}
3. rlqzl 9l=r] . d^JHC s^lE
2.

(1) ?v\((. zv.(v.(

(2) *u) E*Lt'+ c /:. *u) .EtL< L*'clc
(3) L6rblrvr. L(L*b/rv:
(4) fh*rr ( 6+. th*rr ( (lt
(5) trl"D+, frLrlt
(6) HLL:). HL(ii.i
( Z ) *v. L. i.lrvr 1. ffv.(*3*'Av\ L
(8) ruffiLL * +. rumL<*iitlJ
tt
(9) tA<6+,
L L\<. H((L* o(*;v'(
(10) HCtt L r,.6 *,. HCul<J:'v'<lt
I ) lJ [-(r,. I -1 6

L!.nr(

[v.-J 7}r@5

ii.(v'tf

"J

"

ir [6<'i) t:tso<
(r)
(4)
(5)
li.lir[6+ (D*')]
lr t(
v.*f"
t:1a21'1r34" (6) (7) tl t(tj<.1 ,i tL <l
[3lrc(v.lf. (8) lf trudftL<$<-ruhL
L < -l L [-tltJ-3 +] ,rv">L xl:tfr.btt(
v'*f" (9) ll tF<<L*i-H(6{'i.l L
t($ < +! ( lfrlr- L xt:Ifr.btt(v. if" (10)
tJ l-Hcrt(*i4-ftcLlL<l L [(lJ*6+l
,rv\-, L r l:ff frfi-aPt g i.
(2) (3) H. t(L*il

, ltrfr\M\4
, -Ei{i&rE I
/at'fr't
Q) 4trE'ffi19 Z tfr 4frl{Kft , lE
1. fi'fil44'irKrf , Z!fr?&M'*Wt
2. fi'lil47t'/-Rxj , z[fr18.62*^p4t
3. fi{il4/lirKxj , 2tfr!6.*1][\z
z. 4EXE D)fr\1fr
3.

IffiEI

(
E/z^ifr'z

(P.80)

<fi4>>

<Fil>

M'& El9hfit-4+fFlr'ff ,
lrRnl

L,zEt*oFos{ve)

[v.-l of [^.(v. (

] is omitted. In (2) and (3)'

l-<L* )l changes to [6+ il .tn (a) and (5), [(
('e) tfj changesto [6+ (D+)l .In (6) and(7),[(
*; ( -l changes to IL ( ] . In (8), lfu'ffiI-< k ('fu'
+l are used together. In
mL L < I a"d [-lliJ**
(e), tB<(L* i -H(6+ i.l and [($ ( *

(1) The

L ( -l are used together. In (10), [HCll(# (

It L < .l and [( 11*6 + -l are used together.

*Ho'

"-(vr(" F! "v." AWa" (2)(3) "<Lt.a"

*.1\"r,r i". (+)(s)"((f) ll"qfi"6+ (D{,)". (6)
(1)

<" qF! "L <"" (s) "ru'AL<*"'(*ffiffiL

L <" fE "-tltl-3r"
-E'iF,H. (e) "l*<<L*
i-E<t r )" fE "(*; ( -L < " -E,fF,H. (10) "H
ctl(ij q -6cilL ( " fn "(lt*6+" -E'l,H.
(1) e [-(v'(.]9 lv.lz] C+9q 9t+q4. (2)
(3) g t< Lt.a ) 7l t6+ i I E qq 9l+q4. (4)
(7) "<t3

ffi5.ffi#,

17

zllt"* (Dr).j E Elq g+q

=(6)t((7) g til
+.
t($<J 7l tL <] E qq 9t+qq,
(8) e IruBAL(*r(-ftffiLL <J el [-tltf-3r.1
716Jal 2rolr 9l+q4. (e)
lA<<L*)*ffi(
Btil e+ t<ii(-L ( ) 7l=*Al r^.ol.u ilG.q4.
+ [Hcll(*i(*HcllL (l
+4 4d1a 9l+q4.

(10)

7l

f:z

("c)

(5)

6.tr,'tt

p]

l(ti-BrJ

(a) #btttc..Lt:l+L( [vrvr"ef r.] ]6i

o)ffi,bH l{T*tr,,TfJ
lldU) Ljirr(
Ty.*f"
,firt
lfilv. * f] A L'rsaffi s ir(v. t f"
(Example)

*'lil"_l

)", meaning "OK" or "No

after another, and the speaker expresses sympathy.

(3) [iSH rr

-.1

is

,r..d when you are offered something

to eat, etc. and you take it. You can also just

ID+,

iEHrr

(.l

(4) The speaker says,

say,

I v. v. T f I

_]

for rhe event to

lif Ll.] , expressions such

lff I /:vrffl, lfilv.tf],etc. are omitted.
(f!)xiTxftFliH*, &H "+L=flat) *il&rr, *
frft.
(1)xtTEU,,\frliF*, 1FH'r: * vr I itr", X*zr
which he was invited. After
as

tffiEr2l

oK. iqhtM.

<<ffis>>

(1) @
(2) e
(3) @
(4) @
(5) o

,h,lH.

(r) "HH rr < "

F.nrl

XilttrF.R4, lEt**Et{FH Ft*ri.

De. EHra ( ".

(4)iEtl^igirfEA "v.v''ef t".
WA ",ii I /:vr.ff " ",lElv, * f,,.
1!,trIr-lH&ffi

,2 p
g ffitoaf.Fd+r-aet
l,,tLuta

(P.82)

IffiH1I

"

"-tfLr." F!trHA

q ) +q"I 4l8il,\J rF Lilla}D *t,i,irr 4.2

"Jal
q 46111 9l#qEl.
(1) 6l7lE s+Bol, OK + E4l$trl= gElg fr.*
(

v.it,1,: g 2l-7 gt#q4.

<<fi4>>

(1) e
(2) c
(3) b
(4) d

(2)

+rllzl +zl 9+g 9ol zjl49.z gl+r "J6lr 9l

r, fol Eli6tl^J ECg zlEg d;l-a 9l+r14.

(3) ritHra

<ffiFH>>

L( tF L{lerq *t,{,irl LEc

(ffio(v.*f"
( l ) ;fFIa>& v> btL<. oK f p4EaL. & v.
iH
fto [r.*v.*rtl"l tfo(v.*f.
(frf) Jsffiu.l:ff

(2) +H+rrJ ( l*v.: Lrrffiv\(v\A LEc(vr

(. ?/Lt:ff L( lE,lFo)ftffi 6 tf*;i. ( v. *
fo

(s) tHHrr ( I lr, '*wrettffior,tL<,

<tLt $B i L 3 t:,ffvrgf" tUe. HHa

18

Vr

"I dont

(2) The interlocutor says bad things have happened one

(P.81)

(1) @
(2) o
(3) @
(4) o
(5) @

_l

( [/. *

says,

and declines.

problem".

IffiH 1I
<<ffis>

to the request, the speaker

ri/,rrj

(1) The speaker is asked for permission and says,

mind

BFl$a/'l,Dotr*.
tn(s)
h'h :

response

l-S L=Jtt) D *

r\

-trE=(2)

In

/jtt"e6ff ) -' L rrr*

tf"

(:

*rilzl +4 Fg E o +r 6.ldl
rag +g "rl ^l+Elq+. rD+. r*Hrr(r *
o -EE
^l+BJ + 9t+qEl.
(4) fl+Ee aql qi6l"l rv.v.Tf Ir el-l. 4BElj1
9l+q+. ttf Ll'r 9ql= r?i8 /:vyffr rfilvr*
fr F6i ^J+gq 9t+q4.
(ffiH2I
<<#g>>

(1) c
(2) d
(3) f
(4) b
(bi e
<<ffiiH>>

th'5H,Z6EtiFHErFfr& ffiffi l. t,-=>tN3

ts

(fif) *&r* A<, fi:-ffi a L 3 oAv\{?rf"

(1) tfrc<< iL6,l\l:f'IL<. *r+LAE) L *
t: [Dr.D *f] 16v.*f.
(2) lti.l:v.t,r;[S/r/3prL,Bc/:L * l: t&i:
i:lev.l L Ev. * f. ltr.o) l:?v.(=,

(6. Etrt:zvr(Ec( g v.v.ff.

(3) l-++LL*fI tt)fr6t 3f*fitr]:/.6L*
613;1rIz-ff,r. t^+LL* t-t l ltrbt *w.t L< er+ t. b t 3 rr L'i:f i &H,t=rs
D

*f"

(4) /vt
0

L(

7 hAb e>->1e0. {nlr'L($b->lc

l? /,/rLt tLb 4 a $ vrvr(.f I_J

LEv./:vrL * l:'fv.*f.
G) a*btu<, <lLtt!*tL( liivr. L*fl

v)/:v\L

Ei_tt.

3l:Bv.*i-. i ltLu,R#t't

(Example) This is a greeting used when you leave work

before other people.
(1) We say, lF/i'u)

* f -l , when we want to say thank

you to someone who is going to help us.

(2) We

say,

[{if ,rrd v \-i,

way to do something.

It

when we carit see any other

but f

+L

L* Lt

is an expression we use

-.1

when we apologlze after having failed to do something.

(a) This is used when we want to s^y,f

/* ( ( 6 L\V\ff

Z /v/e a t t L

I _l,when someone

gives us a

present or does something for us.

IltL.. L * f I ,
to do something. It expresses a

feeling ofhappiness.
(

Fl ) EL\Fl+rh

e,

rtT

9EHJ+

Fl-\xji64r{F B'!-\{e

H6!+GiF"
(r) r'l#9r H E Fl,,\tzrffiiff Bt, ik

"

Wrn' 9

-f

"

ull
^] B 5"I ^L+61= _*.oJqEl.
(4) d+ Pzl4 *'llzl *szl= ill +l^l [an,/r:
t tl-/e 4 a4rvrvr.ef I_l 4.a "Jdlr 49 rll #

q4.

(5)

A+E"l^] rql qlEldl lltv'. L*fl 4l "J;l

-a 4 ql #qEl. zl99 "199 ailq4.

IffiE3I
<ffi>>

(r)OO
(2)OO
(3)OO
(4)OO
(5)Oo

@x
@x
@x
@O
@x

@x
@o
@C
@x
@C

@O

@x
@O

@x
@O

ffiWIF, ilDl:8/aik"

14tst+ii, tiSHxf!,1'1F"
) sl^l 5ql^l d4 Eol,J

'ltv'. L*f"

qg

<<;R>>

(Example) Hello? Is Mr.Tanaka there?

Yes.

Hold the line, please.

@ Yes, he

is

just coming.

@ No, he's not at his desk right now.

@ He will call you back.

"J^l"JqEl.

@ Okan then. Go ahead.

@ Well,I would be glad to do it.
@ It would help me out if you did it.
@ I would be happy if youd let me do it.
(2) Phew!

"

Htzr "t/'/slttLrs 41'{rv'v'-ef I"

(s)85!-\si'f&H+rf, ffi*zr
( ql

4-z

I thought I would

miss the train.

@ I'm glad you made it.

o i^rt#dF*TF!z1'*F{, in " ltfi fi:r&u\" . q U'ffid

friJ^h]:, &EIUffileAeHI:"
(3) BltBlrf{F, &#t/J.^E, atn eF!Ei'fRii, "4+L
Ltt" " m "*+LL* L/:" IIJE aHll/2,5,ffi19
Hffit+, trffiffirfFinm.
(4) &trEU,,\ F! ?L+n, qA fr\ L'6 fr t=[&a ft /a+'f# g! Fj
'fF,

+4 +g *H"l 94r ^J4-J 4l [tlfi:r*v.-i

**q4. q= ^l*ql Lll6ll^J 'JillE zl4loll
r.IBil^l EJ6IE S*+qq.
(3) t*+LL*fl
Eoia q'l "Jql Eqa 49 sl
=
Ltc) zl qtr sl5 dll^-l +
^lolxlEJ, t*+LL*

Q)

(1) Would you let me do that?

(5) This is used when we want to say,

when we are invited

*fl

can be used to refer to oneself

or to other people.
(3) t + +L L * -t" J is a greeting used when we enter or
leave,

gg dg q lHlr'9
^l+ql 4l6liC +^19
4.2 +-JqEl.

(1) Ee+f

F!Ej

knew you would miss the train.

@ It would have been good ifyou had made the train.

@ I really didn't think you would make it.
(3)

It

doesn't look that good.

ReaUyl

know,

I like it.
I hope it will

get better.

t don't think it's good either.

We[,I
don't know. It could be good.
@
@ No,

(4) Excuse me, can

I take this

pamptrlet?

@ Yes, please take one.

@ No problem. Please, go ahead.

@ No,

I dont want

one.

ffiE .ffi#,

1e

@ Okay then,I'11 take one.

6i

+E r."Jzl
+ 9t4l

@ LllTl 6J

(5) Your speech was great. You did a greatjob.

@ Thank you. It's all thanks to you, professor.

I didn't do my best.
No,
I still have a long way to go to improve.
@
@ It makes me happy that you said that.
@ No,

6I

+E

7lxts

4El

frl ) Fp,

iEl4E+++Arg?

oa,

ifH+-T.
q&nfrfi**
@&,
@q&4&"
@

^l

*zl 9+9198 gl9 B]ril

c*"1^l ^l+ql "* + glqr=
Q) tzl, =.5x1 ?*g. 4 olrl4rz
O lzJzl. += +4r ^8461=EI
@ r4. +olrlE +rll-il
@ *, LIE +zl gq_Z ^B4Bli
@
+grlE E+.
=ril.
@

^lrJ"I

@: , +g^14.
=+ d9 ^tlil , +*+qq. 9d6l

(5)

@cK,

ad,Hf+Txtl"

"

*;toH*atJ (4) -hdigh. E{E

* (-() 6116/35a,/<na

IffiE 1I
<<B>

@xqtnw, &i+ffit+tulll"

4liHE, Ef4'nftT,
oElu, lE*elts.

tr-t-lL1?

@|kxa, )68.
@Z-, +tT4.
@flY'/a, Ettry.
F!iFi+, W&a " {6EETT-#h*w
oitriff. +Hz!fiwffi+

(s) E4Z

@tyH,1gE2^*h.
@lS, )681+.roW"
@ {fffr?flY' /2,ifr., itfr tHXT
ol-s4rls, 4+71

"

(1) o
(2) @
(3) @
(4) @
(5) @
(6) o
(7) o
(8) O. @
<##>>
(ffil) l'ri<

{l 4ldqrl?

a7 7ltrlEl +d^19.
xlf,$r] Tl4.'nq.
@ ,i+, zlel= *-]1 gl#q+.

/:l Lv.ia&rf.

Lll ,

(ffiz) lffi.at a&iiLVortAbt.

dF+614+q4.
o
,IZl
^14 +d tr +4.=rtl-C.
O:z=. rH +ql6lql
@ Jel . 4819.
^l

(r)

EJTBH,Z6 Ht-#HBtnfft

ffiffitL-->?N3

tf"

t66)l ,ra

E+ 3 /,rrilJEl3 A,i:Jsffir,. 1-1'.

:r Z C:r.- 9 -tffi."ct L v.i a L ?f.
tf$c.t o&tL",Eh'ilrt"
td.l trr)
A

@ ol+ql^J

oJ,

) D&&\Eh'#c"r. t*uti* r (
*tD 6. & i: E b fufcrt' 6'fr ->

le rt' -> lctrJ

@ ull ,

20

elLlle.

(P.85)

fr?tt-Eht1.a

o ?^lELqEl. d^JH 'JE"Jq4.

) ollo, He t 46L^l 9+gl+q4.
@ olh, ol4 g9+q4.
@:r+41 'J"il +^ld Tl*|q+.

fut

@8,

(1)

9lq

ol g=q +oI5 4s?

"l"JElqEl.
O Li , 7l4zl.4lg.
@ S*+q+ . zl q7l9l4s-.
) olk, *zl e+4LltrI.

(3)fl[f,6tl1rE.
o EE4, +tfr.i++tu+w14"

(4)

A?trlL&*tffi,?

/:rJt{TT, EL?
@HH!, &tsr{6aE}.

( cl )

^d4

@qHaitfi*ffiFtifrditHxT.
(2) rFl, tiTT, tru)&fi7lit+,+Tw.
@xt+7, ErT.
@trEiqEls4"

(4)

OEng, flfik#ftA "

@flY'/a, diit&*,f&rE.
@ lrrry fr?+# +kteF! ifr di ti+ 7

E*%'f$+TE*.

lflf'qlrc,

d4*q

(2) ol, qq"l4. da

^lrJql ==trlr
o +4o]tr1. ^lzJ"il *zl tlolr.l
@ .J^l ,J"ll F*++.

ti:

*ti,rr, l^Lt*Elibt#.>lc) Lr,.i i

L(''f.
D

L i*ilt

(2)

t lttr

tiu < I ow:,tyq-.qvct" l-tF]sEti, r <

TEAb+n,13I < /3vri L tttL< (@J.:i.lf
v. Dy5 6fu() if vr(vr6J L v. i i L ff"
L LZ itJ 4 Ut'
(3) tffi < ) a819.*,hvft"
tft#3/.trilT
e/'oCb &ffi*/: < Av.lt*tt'6. mv.<
(

v.6l
Lp.) i L'Cf.
zaC
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taE
4) l-ffiha L< ) ow:ry.*.HfiTt. I-4tJt6h

& Lt ( lav>tl l+D 6. ffi l:E*rit(+EEtA

) L v. i i L <.f.ttl,tl)
Ltc" ?tta"*-c(\,Za
L i5lttr
(5) tL 1) a;M1}.MalA.bI.
t6 B i ) a##

;*o tv./ct< j ,rb v) *t. tl:

1g.1

O*

t t /-rt:. tf{IJ*FEt:35ffivr L(. Df,l4

tr.Tt"cll L,v.iiL(f"
L i:{Jl'
rc) f>frntb) atFl9va'&.bti [(itlcl ir
bU *-f " Il:1-6.1 ti&rq tft/-nr.[ ( irl:l
L v. i : L ('f.
r9-r. 6. Llfil^zJ:*ilnLtcl
i:{ti'
&>u)

)olfr1Yv,o'tkbtt"l < /i3v.*'til"i'J

,rA0 *f. lf,AiiL/cv.J Lv.iJsffiv.&<

Q) Ea

V.taV.13Fc (Vr*f.
L i * it[.
(8) t 3 e
7a ) o)M:tktrtalh.ar,:

i.l

i{tkM "f

I M.

ItbV tt" 7') E/,ltY3 73l"l:*jFv'

L<, t a lE tuA )- F t:u-L* L/:"
(Example 1) This is the ffjlg*,hM for til ( -l .lt
means [*[l?r * t ( /ri'o tilfi,D6, El:6
hl+/ei't>'ii->lc) .
6 6 i I is added

(Example 2) t

il .It

after the

means that Ms.Tanaka asked Ms.Yamada, and

then used the computer.

(1) this is the M19*.hM for lt#"c ).There is no lf,il

in the sentence,but it means lfl^lits.tatt*'t#'c/c).

lti( I .It .neans [t

FtlElJ. t <tr|+t' +&l:I < av\. t tttu
( (ft]i.lIv.Dr)6*L() ifvr(vr6J
(3) this istheffilL*.hVforlffi ( -l .Itmeans lfi#

(2) this is the Mt**,Hfi for

i,lJillT8 tua < tr&H * /: ( retzrllluDb.

ffivr(vr6J
(a) this i' tte f{{t* hM f"' t+f; h a L ( -l .It
means [FlllBht L/: ( /sv.ll*t-D6. *l:;
bfL<ffiWt l-l:" ?ttT!&-: T v' b )
3

(5) After the tf.li'Yt of

_1

, I vr

141

1-l

, the

#-do* of [ 6 6

t /j ( -l , is added. There is no [f,/r] in the

lflrit*fEl:iiffivt L(. df

sentence,but it means

Mta'E->/e)
(6) Afterthe

MikM"fl*Xlf

6-l,thereis

lf,{l
/cJ , it means lfl^rtr*ilnLtel

There is no

in the sentence, but

.

as

rii,r.l
in

[Eil ,the'.is [( fi8vr*

ffl.irL/:v.l , is expressed

.The request,

polite way.

(8) After t'e MlAklV of f V --f 7a I , there is [ 6

=
,t a ) . AIi askedJohn ifhe could photocopy his
notebooks.

1" ffiffi&&AV. "*lrfi' I /: 1 rsrt''> lctJ

lL t {,. El:= blttcl,' btt ->/:" f'!H,E..
(Flt"M-a" trtffiLFv)n '$ 6 i ". E+it&t+f{illE
+.+,, 4l\ffi ffii+4T&H T fl6.
e)"ft-" ffiff.:tL&drV" 6J+Ef iAE-StI" "fl^", lE
EE "d,liFl:btft.c l:' F!H,E.
f FJ

(2)

(3)

"'+1

ffi&:rk&4JV" "tF[Alr. k |trE*rc+ t

(fr!.i.lfv.D&)biL() in
trLriLAEiL(
t:I <
v.(vr6' F!H.g."
"in<

"

'

rltilrTe /-a <t

tffi 3 /: ( /rvrtltuE{>, vr(v\6" F!H,H..
"ffi

<

ffiffi1ft&4Jv" "ft#E
Efl

lllu t 6. ffi l:EirlL<lfrtW.t L/e. ? tu-e#..c

<v.6" 6!,8."
(5) "fi < " Wffi1LVffi '$ b i " H'! HffiiE "v'/:/:- ( ".
6t +Ef*iq.*!],'fl^", 1E fr.E "f/.ll*FFl:tjFiv'
L<, ffi$laft-:/:' fr']H,H'"
6)"^X\i6- frtffi:iLtuX\ "( ttt". 6l+Ef,tlqafi
rn "fl^" , trFln " 1tut:", trJlLE "ftLi:ElfiLl:"
vr

{, 6

-t

(7) After theMiLlb of

l(

there is

ful:1.
t < *t

dh*E

Q)"ai'

ffiffit9vfiA "<

/j3v.*'rt,Li.". inffi^tr

<tuJtLft#T E ts ffi tr4 "f,{i: L /:v.".

(s) " :] c-f6 " ffiffiltfttuXn "6 6 i ". FFiEit4i*
Affi+,+., Fq7^ffift+,B!il.
rBFdg 7la
(ql1) rfr<r 9
^19 +F'Jq4.
4q 4zl *9lxlsl, 9"lzl "J*gqzl ,*tlr
+= a"JqEl.
16
( 41 2) rfrir I
^lq ql bi t zl 9l#qEl.
q+71 4l7l olulr| alql4l +qdl^l A+El=
^l+*q= a"Jq4.
rfll zl L
(1) rfficr I
^lq +*.oJqEl. E1t.tl
14=
7l4flqr
A+=
4EJ
4E 4"JLl4.
rqe Je
z;l
(2) rif <r 9
+FEqEl.
^19
^l+
ql=
q*6J
(
9+e
+aqlal +xl
"Jg *Ell^l
I *6ll^i ) g:7 9i4i 4= 4"Jq4. =q
(3) rffi<r I
+*'EqEl. r^lE 4l= olEl^l

^lq
dq 6-lzl gzlEJ El 9l4r
4 419 +Eg
=i1
4= aEq4.
r*5^89 A
(4) rfilhAL(r 9
^lq +F"Jq4.
qF^J"l
6lzl
6la
4.=
?*zl"J,
dq
"J6l^J a4

ffiE .ffi#,

21

{t

EL elts

?,I^-l

+qEl.

IVtM.v,

lE^z(v.*f" aat Aa
noLo)RftttI
< av\cLr i" ,efr,6,
,rt e

ffiB

dEL ts +qlg A+61

/J6v.J

rtr\

tr

zl

f{v.*f.

9l

+61.a

# * /r 6 v.l

l.

lFtl;*,hV, is used. [#i.

ii ( 6 6 -> lc J in @ is used when the woman asks
not happy. Therefore, the

*+qEl.

the man to let her write

(1) The woman ."ys,

IffiEI2I
<ffis>>

*t/cl

a paper.

lifti# L(]

laundry Therefore, the

o
o

and the woman writes one. The woman is probably

rr u-f 6r9
r{, bi rl gl+qE}.
^19 9ql
ol4 4q= + 4l"lAl +qri^l + 419 ktr= +^l

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

I l, tr

(Examples) The man says,

9+q4.

(8)

<

*,hVtWv"tj-. @a [ffi/:(6 6cl:]

E. 4 o) rrf o ,/\ t: *c' E u\ L < f+2 W h

4'Jq4.

rFir 9
qql r< /j8vr*t&i.r
^I9
r'lz} all

(7)

l.

*f. @tt, +D6rrE#,i.*sffiv.

L<ffiHtAWAt:ffv.g9"
( 5 ) IFc4o)Airf4nftffi a rv.(. karAir
ljs

sl+ gl4_r 4ts 4.Jq4.

9 ^19 Fl"il r{, N>it g d*9 fv./c
iE(r zl tl6q+. Ealql tfl,t zl flzl"J rLl=
++Hril +q6ll^l f9l ,J4r E].= a.Jqq.
r(
(6) t*hltb-t g
^lq 9ql tuftl zl fl+qEl.
Eil r#.r E Szl "J | 1lL/c.t ol EE rqlzl +zlrj.
iR4.

(5)=rffi(r

in @ is the

the man does the

, and

t{lkV

is used.

/tfrtk*,hV,

so

it

[*tiB 3 ri b

means that the

woman did the laundry.

(2) The man is probably upset that the woman has

thrown away his magazines. Therefore, the

o
o

is used.

hM

[F( 6't

tr.t J

in

*, h M
f{{ft

is the

to it means that the man threw away his own

magazines.
<<#-EH>>

@tl)

4alLrtr IL,$-

4o^rr** if"

]*3rrEv..l LEc(,
g

woman

-tkD^IJ.itLL<

/rv.Tf. rfr. 6. &1t44hW trv. * f"

@o [#r't(66atl tt. *aLrtrHa
Al:#mv. L(# < *6t:69v. g 9.

(r) ko^rtr [&iAL(J LB,> (. floL##,

WaUtf. tfi. b, &'tfrWr&fFv.*f"
@o [&ie s r] 6 ttte ) a&:84 hvcf ,. 6,
4oz\rrifiiEa L/: L v. i ; L (f"
(2) /;a^rts#6$&*r< Utct:a"c, Ho)r
ltt- ttl:->v'<,
3 .c L*,kt:,S, -2 1' r,: I i"
.t, B tJ\,
i.
-efr.6,
*.hvtw.u,tt" @a tfA<E
t t> tttcI ) 6&ati4hVrf ,' 6. E a
^rtr
*E#t*$</cLv.iiL<f.
v')
G) Ea^rtr [&vr/:r,rl L i L &(v.iav.
t:.13ffi v. L(v. t t
" < ILI.*t L< ka
^rtr
[i.t v. *tA,.J LE= (, 4o) tr;fl[rr6

6L*.Ltc" rfr.6. &iEWz [6 6or]

&&v.i f " @o l-&bt/:l r*&iri#zr.
k,o Lnrpffit&i L r,. ) i L.ef.
(4) &#rr tffigo)tsHj LEv.*L/:i.6. T
L'6 ltf*E L if. I a LAL'6 ltffiH L/:
( /r v. L,B.a (v. i f. ("f i' rr, ftA'tl#h

22

[ 'f v\ /. v) J in a polite way. The

says, [ ,' * V. * 'ti A, ) ,so he has her

(3) The man says,

4h'bH,z6 E*FBEtit&

WffiI.v-=>t

permission. Therefore, the

are used.

[fbt/:l

IFtLlb, and [ 6
in

t> -> tc

O is the tfriLfr2

and

it

means that the woman uses the document.

(4)The mothersays, [

ffi H O ffi H _l,ro

practices. The child may not be

Therefore, the

tfr.It.*,HM

the child

willing ro practice.

is used. @ is used when

the child asks his mother to let him practice.

(5) In a restaurant, the man is waiting for his food and
the woman says,

l*iffi B ( ff

V.l

the man in a bad mood. Therefore,the

[ffi/c'tt(

4>

r>"c/:)

asks the woman to let

in @ is

.This may put

*,hM

is used.

used when the man

him wait and he waits.

B3 rrE u.", kfr\tr+u,E "

aF!-E1R6EX, trrlt, I*.HlFIkrNa:" @F! "*
,.t( {, t>.> /:" HTiB! iF*FF!, it{blEHH
-.E+&8fl\ttr6"

6l ) H E\6i+iN, L,$-"

@fti "rftiB8ri

l-

bttt:"

Effi.lgrLdJ,

*.mf.*I\ftj

a,qE"
(2)

kfr\fr,*frtnT, Ha\- fr.fr,{s{REl,H. Ftu)tfr.ffiW

"a( 5-ri bttte' Etfr.|tk+$.dt, tzrFFt

-dl" @fr\

+nf *F",.

N3

{.

a
ri

(3) E ffi

*fttrtitJ'fr

H*} " r'jftt' B! ii," r.

EtrJ6!H*,FfiD)ffiffi.tLfufr\ " tr
v\

/:

L, " F!

Jr,';lr&', HEf
bct:' " OffJ "&bt/:" F&t*,#^9.F!&HK*+"
({) Egit'*Ho)881", &+lltht\n " &.+-ft^M
*2, Elft&E &:tL+fiA" @ffiT&.+ffi*r4t4, it

E IiEDOFf,E

(P.89)

lF"lffi2l
<ffi*>>

frFtHEEe6ZtuIrh+.
<<ER>>

u.',

E ffi riLFf ,t

'ft/:t(

g-i{RrH xa " trItl,ffi"ffi4Lah.

l: b -> /e" HTFHliH*tffi , itlU

HEHa+WLtrA.

@ffi

q ) *zlzl t 1,,$-

l. el

re

3 v._l

ell "J;lJ. oi zl

ojzli zllr,zl ?+9 a"Jq

7v #qq.
=e$.ol
oE
q. :rel
^lq +Fg ^l+*qq. @9 te
y ol_zlzl H'zloizll +qdl^] 2a
r;ot:l
,,t<6

= A+ql ^l+*qEl.
(1) qzlTl l-&iaL(l 4j1 "J6la BzlTl 4lq+

qq.

6J

:r7l E=-

^lq9 +q4. @9 titiES+6

ir-l:l Y ^lq +FolsE q;+71 ^l1Et9 tlEl=
aoJqEl

?+= ag C+61
Eli6]l^l olzlTL

*zt7l [&v./:vrl

+q4. r"I

+q6]! I

[r.*v.*t&l

ol4

Bzl= 6l7lE +9 + 99+qEl. rels

D":tlE #qEl. 09 t&bt/:l
-=.
^lq4 t6qzlTl
zls=
^l++4= a"Jq4.
^lqe.q
=
(4) q"lqzl tffiHo)HHl ol+r "J6la 9,9sE ol
olol= +dll d4
o1= +*qEi.
=ig9.ol
t+Eli1 ^J46li1 9l+q4. rqsE ^lq +Eg
#q4. 6= ololz| q"lqqlrll +qBll^J +4=
_a "J6tl

a+q 6Lltl.
B;lzl -c4 z]441 9r., zlz} l;s
f$B(/jEv.l 4r'J6li1 9l+q4. ol4 *zl9
zlEg +zl g+tl;<lg.:relss ++eg #q4.

(5) 7l4ql^j

[ffi/:t<66a/:l = *47] qr]'I4 +q

sl^-l zl44= A+q #q4.

@9

M:

1.

No,I'm waiting now, too.

2.

No,I'm leaving noq too.

3. No, I've

(2) F:

just arrived now, too.

did really badly on the test yesterday.

should

have studied more.

M: 1.Try your best next time.

2.You worked hard, though.
3.

I'll do my best, too.

(r)F:rtYE'^+A,r'J68"
M : r.

Q) qzlTl *zl ulq El*71 ql3"I Bzl= r.il El]

6I^l ++^"J41 d46l-a 9t+qq. rqs_e ++
C +q4. @9 ll*(ari ettulc) Y ^lq +t
olge *zlzl *zl+ ElH4= 4.Jq4
(3)

(1) F: Sorryto have keptyouwaiting.

&,

*,&,8+8\ft,

z.lftH, fi't!,EqS llW.

t.lLH, fieElE{={.
(2) F : WX61Zifr,, ffi/f*tr7

#.fir"
ttt :

"

*FH*+4-e

r.T17*)tt5.
2.ffiflY/z*rtT (lliEffisf).
3.

&,#,**h

t"

4+'Jqq.
olk,4E zl+ E 7lq4 j19"J +"Jq4.

(1) F : 7l4q^l4l 4^l

M : 1.

E xl+ +714'J +'J q El

4E zl+ E 9'd +"Jq4.

2. ollo , 4

3. ohE,

(2) F : olil
Qlrll

^le, flfl++.

El

*+-.}tr +9lg

M: 1.4+q gd6l 6]1.

2. d6l *=tl golol.
3. +E gd6l tNolzl.

ffiE .ffi#,

23

U.ltlL $L Er\

tT2EI

FHT6ffi
ITl

EI

F"1E

1* I
2*3
3*3
4*2
5*4

(P.92)

F'181

1* I
2*3
3S2
4*3

s*2

1"182

1* 2
2*3
3*l
4*3
5*4

HE2

1* 4
2*2
3*4
4*2
5f4

F6E3

1* 4
2*2

F4E3

1* 3
2*3

F'1S4

1* I
2*3
3*l

F6g4

1* I
2*2
3f2

FdE5

1*
2*2
3*3
4*l
5*1
6*2
7*2

F':85

1* 2
2*2
3*1
4*2
5*t
6*2
7*3

24 1#5ri"6 EtffiBEttrF w#t v--

(P.100)

>ri

N3