RATIFICATION PAGE

Complete report of Basic Biology with title Lazarro Spallanzani

Experient which made by :
Name
: Fitrianti
Reg. Numb : 141 344 0022
Class
: ICP Chemistry B
Group
: III
Has been checked by Assistant and Assistant Coordinator, So this report is
accepted.

Makassar,

Desember 2014
Assistant

Assistant Coordinator,

Muhammad Riswan Ramli S.Pd

Anugerah Lestari

Known,
Lecturer of Responsibility

Dr. Ir. Muhammad Junda M,Si

Nip. 1962 11 08 1991 03 1 002

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Although today we understand that living things arise from other living thing,
the idea of spontaneous generation was entrenched in the minds of man
throughout most of history. From the time of the ancient Romans, through the
Middle Ages, and untill the late nineteenth century, it was generally accepted that
some life forms arose spontaneosly from non-living matter. Such spontaneous
generation appeared to occur primarily in decaying matter. It had been common
to believe that although most large organism could arise spontaneosly from mud
or organic matter. Some folklore suggested that larger orgnism decomposed into
smaller ones when they died, and there were even common legends that magical
transitions could change a living member of one species into another (for
example, werevolves). About 300 years ago, Van Helmont (1577-1644) offered a
classic expression of spontaneous generation: if you press a piece of underwear
soiled with sweat together with some wheat in an open mouth jar, after about 21
days the odor changes and the ferment, coming out of the underwear and
penetrating through the husk of wheat, changes the wheat into mice. But what is
more remarkable is that mice born naturally from parents. But what is even more
remarkable is that the mice which come out of the wheat and underwear are not
small mice, not even miniature adults or aborted mice, but adult mice emerge.
Although such a concept may seen laughable today, it is consistent with the other
widely held cultural and religious beliefs of the time.
Abiogenesis theory was accepted for some years by scientists of the time, but
later many scientists from biology. Chemistry, doctor another scientists was not
agree with that theory. One of them is Lazarro Spallanzani. So, we did this
experiment to know more about it.
B. The Experiment Purpose
The purpose of this practicum is to give a change to students to follow the way
of idea and steps that had been ever done by scientists in solved biology problem,
especially to answer a question Where is life from?
C. The Experiment Benefit
Students know to explain where life is from and know the experiments that had
been ever done by scientists

CHAPTER II

PREVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER III

METHOD OF EXPERIMENT
A. Time and Place
Day/Date
Time
Place

: Tuesday / December 15th 2014

: 01.00 am 02.40 am
: Green House Laboratory Biology FMIPA UNM

B. Tools and Materials

1. 3 pieces of test tube
2. 1 piece of test tube rack
3. 2 pieces of cork / rubber suit
4. 1 pieces of light spirits
5. 1 piece of wood clamps
6. 30 ml of liquid broth
7. 1 piece of wax
C. Work Procedure
1. Filled there test tubes with broth 10 ml diluted broth respectively
2. The first tube, stopper with cocrk/rubber and wax used as drops of liquid
interposed between the mouth of the tube with a lid
3. The second tube, broth simmer over low heat for 2 minutes spirits light, leave it
open (without)
4. The third tube, broth simmer over low heat for 2 minutes spirits light,
immediately cover with cork and wax used as drops of liquid interposed
between the mouth of the tube with a lid
5. Put all of test tubes rack and keep on top your desk, try to avoid interference
from animals, direct sunlight and another heat source
6. Observed and recorded every day, for 5 days

CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Observation Result
The pictures of the Tubes after and before
The tube before observed :

1st TUBE

2nd TUBE

3rd TUBE

The Tube after observed (the last day)

1st TUBE

2nd TUBE

3rd TUBE

Result :
Day Ke -

Tube I
C

Tube II
O

Tube III
O

n
1
2
3
4
5

Notes :
Tube I
Tube II
Tube III
(+)
(++)
(+++)

:
:
:
:
:
:

Closed and unheated

Opened and heated
Closed and heated
Slightly clody/little/rather smelly
Turbid/moderate/slight odor
very turbid/ a lot/ very smelly

B. Discussion
1. The first tube that heated and not closed
When filled the broth there was nothing happened, and the abserved was
beginning. The first day, broth was still transparent and had not bad aroma. The
second, third and fourth day broth there are changes
2. The second tube that not heated and closed
When filled the broth there was nothing happened, and the abserved was
beginning. The first day, the second day and the third day, broth was still
transparent and had not bad aroma. The fourth day and the fifth day, broth had
sediment and not bad aroma. It was happened because the tube was not heated
and closed
3. The third tube that heated and closed
When filled the broth there was nothing happened, and the absorved was
beginning. It was done to make it sterile. The first day, the second day, and the
third day, broth was still transparent and not bad aroma. After it was saved in five
days, there was no life in that tube. It was happened because the tube was heated
and closed. So, microorganism could not enter into the tube.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion

Based the purpose, collegian should know where is the origin of life come
from. Not just know the heory of Lazarro Spallanzani, but also know the
experiment
B. Suggestion
The suggestion of this experiment are :
1. Suggest for laboratory
: I hope tools that use in practicum better
2. Suggest for assistant
: I hope can guide the students with excellent
3. Suggest for students
: I hope the next practicum will more careful in use
tools that used in practicum

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anonymous, 2012. Microscope. http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab. Accessed on
December 12th 2014
Hyun Gyu-Lee, 2013. Journal of Microscopy. Journal Citation : 2013

Ross Andrew, 2011. The Microscope. Chris Curnow, Matthew Wheaton and the
Online Distributed Proofreading : 2011
Champbell, 2008. Biology Eighth Edition. Erlangga : 2008
Drs. Djamhur,1999. Biologi Umum. Universitas Terbuka : 1999

ATTACHEMENT

ENCLOSURE
Question
1. Write the name of the optical parts of the microscope ?
Answer :

1. Mirror
2. Objective lens
3. Lens ocular
4. Condenser
5. Diaphragm
2. Write the name of the mechanical parts of the microscope ?
Answer :
Non optical components (mechanical) consisting of knop locomotion that
part of optics consisting of knop locomotion rugged (macrometer) and knop
locomotion smooth (micrometer), table this stuff and revolcer.
3. If the image in the field of view is shifted ? why it can be ?
Answer :
Because when a shadow in the field of view will be shifted to the left
front of his glass, then it should be moved to right back due to the shadow in
the microscope is always opposite to the direction of the observed objects
(upside down).
4. Write a negative effect on the microscopes
Answer :
The negative effect of the microscope when rubbed with coarse fabric or
plain paper is a reflection of the observed in the microscope will not be
clearly visible , as a result of the lens will be scratched.