Arduino Starter Kit Tutorial

Arduino for beginner
Tutorials especially for the

Arduino Kits from www.funduino.de
This tutorials are in process. If you have any suggestions, please contact us:
info@funduino.de
We know, that our english sounds very german until now ;) We will work on a better translation.
But we hope, that the tutorials are useful anyway.
Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt), 07.09.2014

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt)
Content
Programming............................................................................................................3
1. Sketch No.1: A flashing LED (blink)......................................................................3
2. Sketch No.2: Two flashing LEDs...........................................................................5
3. Sketch No.3: Sound and light...............................................................................6
4. Sketch No.4: A pulsating LED...............................................................................7
5. Sketch No.5: Switch a LED on by pressing a pushbutton.....................................8
6. Sketch No.6: Measure light intensity....................................................................9
7. Sketch No.7: Use a potentiometer to choose the flashing-speed of a LED........11
8. Sketch No.8: Movement detection......................................................................12
9. Sketch No.9: Temperature measurement...........................................................14
10. Sketch No.10: Measurement of distance..........................................................18
11. Sketch No.11: Usage of an infrared remote......................................................22
12. Sketch No.12: Control a servo..........................................................................26
13. Sketch No.13: Show a text on a LCD display...................................................27
14. Sketch No.14: Use a relais shield.....................................................................29
Programming
1. Sketch No.1: A flashing LED (blink)
Required equipment: Only the Arduino board and an USB-cable.

There is LED mounted on the arduino-board that is connected with the pin13. In this sketch we want
to vary the speed of blinking.
void setup()
Here the setup begins
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
Pin 13 is a output. (Because the arduino-board has to put out a
voltage. In case of a connected sensor, the pin has to be declared

as an input.
void loop()
Here the main sketch (loop) begins
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
Voltage (5V) high on pin 13
delay(1000);
1000ms (1 second) delay
digitalWrite(13, LOW);
Voltage low on pin 13 (0 V)
delay(1000);
}
Now the loop starts again.
Upload the sketch on the Board.
1.4 Extension of the Sketch

The LED has to flash faster by using a shorter delay
void setup()
{
}
void loop()
{
delay(200);
// this is the shorter delay
delay(200);
// this is the shorter delay
2. Sketch No.2: Two flashing LEDs

Required equipment: Arduino-board / two LEDs (blue) / two resistors 100 Ohm / breadboard / cables
void setup()
{
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
Pin 7 is an output.
pinMode(8,OUTPUT);
Pin 8 is an output.
}
void loop()
Here the main program begins
{
delay(1000);
Voltage low on pin 7 (0V)
delay(1000);
Voltage low on pin 8 (0V)
}
Now the loop starts again.
3. Sketch No.3: Sound and light

Required equipment: Arduino-board / 1x LED / 1x resistor 200 Ohm / 1x Piezo-speaker / breadboard /
cables
int LED=4;
The word LED is now 4
int beep=5;
The word beep is now 5
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
Pin 4 (Pin LED) is an output.
pinMode(beep,OUTPUT);
Pin 5 (Pin Pieps) is an output.
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
Switch on the LED
digitalWrite(beep, HIGH);
Switch on the piezo-speaker
delay(1000);
Wait one second
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
Switch off the LED
digitalWrite(beep, LOW);
Switch off the piezo-speaker
delay(1000);
Wait one second
}
4. Sketch No.4: A pulsating LED

Required equipment: Arduino-board / 1x LED / 1x resistor 200 Ohm / breadboard / some wires
int LED=9;
int brightness= 0;
int fadesteps= 5;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
analogWrite(LED, brightness);
The function analogWrite activates the PWM-function.
brightness = brightness + fadesteps;
For more information search for PWM on the arduino.cc
delay(25);
webside or wikipedia.com
if (brightness == 0 || brightness ==
255)
{
fadesteps = - fadesteps ;
}
}
5. Sketch No.5: Switch a LED on by pressing a pushbutton

A LED has to be switched on for five seconds after a pushbutton has been pressed.
Required equipment: Arduino / 1x LED (blue) / 1x resistor 100 Ohm / 1x resistor 1KOhm (1000 Ohm) /
breadboard / cable / 1x pushbutton
int LEDblue=6;
int pushbutton=7;
int buttonstate=0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LEDblue, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pushbutton, INPUT);
Now the mode has to be input, because
the Arduino-board checks the incoming

voltage on that pin.
void loop()
{
buttonstate =digitalRead(pushbutton);
if (buttonstate == HIGH)
If the buttonstate is high...
{
digitalWrite(LEDblue, HIGH);
switch on the LED...
delay (5000);
...for five seconds...
digitalWrite(LEDblue, LOW);
...and then switch off the LED
}
else
otherwise...
{
digitalWrite(LEDblue, LOW);
...the LED stays switched off.
}
}
6. Sketch No.6: Measure light intensity

If the light intensity is low (for example in the night), the LED gets switched on
int intensity= A0;

int LED = 10;
int sensorvalue = 0;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Activates the serial communication. Later it allowes to send
pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);
the measured value to the serial monitor.
}
void loop()
{
sensorvalue =analogRead(intensity);
analogRead(intensity) reads the voltage on pin A0 (analog
Serial.print("sensorvalue = " );
0). The value gets saved as a number between 0 and 1023 (0
Serial.println(sensorvalue);
to 5 volt)
Serial.print sends informations to the serial monitor.
if (sensorvalue > 512 )
If the value is above 512...
{
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);
...the LED gets switched on...
}
else
...otherwise...
{
digitalWrite(LED, LOW);
...it stays switched off.
}
delay (50);
Wait a little bit before the sketch starts again.
10
7. Sketch No.7: Use a potentiometer to choose the flashing-speed of a LED
int input= A0;

int LED = 13;
int sensorvalue = 0;
void setup()
{
pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
sensorvalue =analogRead(input);
The voltage on the potentiometer-pin (in the middle) is in the

range 0 volt to 5 volt. The Arduino-board will save it as a
digitalWrite (LED, HIGH);
number between 0 and 1023.
delay (sensorvalue);
That value gets used by the delay. The number is now the
digitalWrite (LED, LOW);
delay-time in milliseconds.
delay (sensorvalue);
}
11
8. Sketch No.8: Movement detection

A piezo-speaker has to make a noise if a movement gets detected.
Left side: time of output in case of a

detected movement.
Right side: sensibility
1) Jumper outside: in case of a detected

movement, the output signal (5 volt)
holds for some time.
2) Jumper inside (picture): the output
signal is only active while a movement is
detected.
12
int piezo=5;
Piezo-speaker on pin5
int movement=7;
Movementsensor on pin7
int movestatus=0;
Value for detected movement
void setup()
{
pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);
pinMode(movement, INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
movestatus =digitalRead(movement);
Read the status of movement
if (movestatus == HIGH)
If the voltage on the movement input-pin is high, the
piezo-speaker will make a noise.
digitalWrite(piezo, HIGH);
delay(5000);
digitalWrite(piezo, LOW);
13
}
else
.otherwise...
{
digitalWrite(piezo, LOW);
...the speaker is quiet.
}
}
9. Sketch No.9: Temperature measurement

We want to read the temperature with theTMP36 sensor. The temperature should be shown on the
serial-monitor
Required equipment: Arduino / breadboard / jumper-wire / temperaturesensor TMP36 / external
power-supply
The sensor has three terminals. 5V, GND, and the pin for the temperature signal. On this pin, the
sensor puts out a voltage between 0 and 2.0 volts.
0V = -50 C and 2.0V = 150 C.
The voltage on this pin must be read by the microcontroller board and then it hast to be converted
into a temperature value.
- CAUTION: If the sensor is connected incorrectly it gets destroyed.
- Use a external power supply for more sensor accuracy (as possible 9V battery).
14
int TMP36 = A0;
The pin in the middle (signal) is connected

to analog pin A0.
int temperature = 0;
Value for the temperature.
int temp[10];
temp[10] creates ten values with the

names temp[1], temp[2], temp[3] and so
on...
int time= 20;
The value time is for the delay between

two measurements.
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Starts the serial communication. It will
send the informations from the Arduinoboard to the computer to show it there in
the serial monitor.
You can start the serial monitor in the
arduino-software with a click on settings
and serial monitor.
void loop() {
temp[1] = map(analogRead(TMP36), 0, 410, -50, 150);
From here, the temperature gets measured
delay(time);
ten times. In the same line, the measured
15
voltage gets transformed in a number
delay(time);
between -50 and 150. The function is called
map.
delay(time);
delay(time);
delay(time);
delay(time);
delay(time);
delay(time);
delay(time);
temperature=(temp[1]+temp[2]+temp[3]+temp[4]+te
The ten temperatures get added and
mp[5]+temp[6]+temp[7]+temp[8]+temp[9]+temp[10])/ divided with ten, to get a average

10; // everything in one line!!!!
temperature
Serial.print(temperatur);
The average temperature from the ten
Serial.println(" degree");
measurements gets send to the serial-
monitor
9.1 Extension of the sketch:

If the temperature reaches 30C , a noise from the piezo-speaker appears.
int TMP36 = A0;

int temperature = 0;
int temp[10];
int time= 20;
int piezo=5;
Piezo-speaker on pin5.
void setup() {
16
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode (piezo, OUTPUT);
Pin5 is an output.
}
void loop() {
delay(time);
.
delay(time);
temperature=(temp[1]+temp[2]+temp[3]+temp[4]+temp[
5]
+temp[6]+temp[7]+temp[8]+temp[9]+temp[10])/10; // all
in one line
Serial.print(temperatur);
Serial.println(" Grad Celsius");
if (temperatur>=30)
If the temperature is above 30C
{
digitalWrite(piezo,HIGH);
the piezo gives a sound
}
else
or...
{
digitalWrite(piezo,LOW);
...it is quiet
}
}
17
10. Sketch No.10: Measurement of distance

We want to measure the distance with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor.
How does the ultrasonic sensor work?
The sensor has four pins.
a) 5V (+) b) GND (-)
c) echo d) trigger
The connections 5V and GND are for the power supply. The Pin "trigger" gets a short signal (5V), and
creates a sound wave. As soon as the sound wave hits a wall or other objects, it will be reflected and
comes back to the ultrasonic sensor. When the sensor detects this returned sound wave, the sensor
sends a signal to the Arduino microcontroller by the "echo" pin. The Arduino-board measures the
time between the transmission and the return of the sound wave, and converts this time into a
distance.
Required equipment: microcontroller board / cable / breadboard / HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
18
int trigger=7;
trigger on pin7.
int echo=6;
echo on pin 6.
long time=0;
The value time will save the time between transmition and
returning of the soundwave.
long dist=0;
The value dist will save the calculated distance. It will start
with 0. Instead of int we use long for this value, to save
a bigger number
void setup()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
Starts the serial communication. It will send the informations

from the Arduino-board to the computer to show it there in
the serial monitor.
pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);
"trigger" (Pin7) is an output.
pinMode(echo, INPUT);
"echo" (Pin6) is an input.
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(trigger, LOW);
low voltage on the trigger pin to produce a clear signal.
delay(5);
...for 5 milliseconds.
digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);
Creating the soundwave.
delay(10);
...for 10 milliseconds.
Stop creating the soundwave.
dauer = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);
With the command pulseIn " (with a big i next to the last
n) the Arduino-board counts the time between sending and
receiving the soundwave.
dist = (time/2) / 29.1;
This calculation transforms the measured time into the

distance in centimeters. (The sound needs 29,1 seconds for
one centimeter. The time is devided by two, because we only
want to receive only one distance and not the two ways, the
sound has to take)
if ( dist >= 500 || dist <= 0)
If the distance is over 500cm OR under 0cm, the
measurement is not accurate. So the serial-monitor shows
19
Serial.println("No
No measurement
measurement");
}
else
otherwise...
{
Serial.print(dist);
the calculated distance gets send to the serial-monitor
Serial.println(" cm");
}
delay(1000);
This command causes a short break between the
measurements.
20
10.1 Extension of the sketch

If the distance is less than 80cm, a sound from the piezo-speaker should appear.
int trigger=12;
int echo=13;
long dauer=0;
long entfernung=0;
int piezo=5;
Piezo-speaker on pin5
void setup()
{
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigger, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo, INPUT);
pinMode(piezo, OUTPUT);
The pin for the speaker is an output
}
void loop()
{
delay(5);
digitalWrite(trigger, HIGH);
delay(10);
dauer = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);
entfernung = (dauer/2) / 29.1;
if (entfernung >= 500 ||
entfernung <= 0)
{
Serial.println("Kein Messwert");
}
else
{
21
Serial.print(entfernung);
Serial.println(" cm");
}
if (entfernung <= 80)
If the distance is less than 80cm...
{
digitalWrite(piezo,HIGH);
...the speakter makes some noise.
}
else
otherwise...
{
digitalWrite(piezo,LOW);
it is quiet.
}
delay(1000);
}
11. Sketch No.11: Usage of an infrared remote

With an infrared receiver, the Arduinoboard can receive the commands
of an infrared remote control. The data is sent with infrared light from
remote control to the receiver. Since our eyes can not perceive this
light, we can not see this light.
With a little trick you can see the light.
Take your mobile-phone and look with the camera on the infrared
diode of the remote while pressing a button on the remote.
You will see the flashing infrared diode on the display of the mobilephone.
Required equipment: Arduino / breadboard / cable / infrared sensor /

infrared remote control
22
23
The sketch is a variation of the sketch IRrecvDemo, and can be downloaded on the following link:
https://github.com/shirriff/Arduino-IRremote
You can download the zip-package and copy the folder into your libraries directory in the arduinosoftware. Rename the folder to "Irremote".
Now you can open the sketch in the sample-files in the arduino-software:
File -> Examples -> IRremote -> IRrecvDemo
Now we edit the sketch to this sketch:
/*
* IRremote: IRrecvDemo - demonstrates
receiving IR codes with IRrecv
* An IR detector/demodulator must be
connected to the input RECV_PIN.
* Version 0.1 July, 2009
* Copyright 2009 Ken Shirriff
* http://arcfn.com
*/
#include <IRremote.h>
int RECV_PIN = 11;
The signal-pin from the IR-Receiver is
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
connected to pin 11
decode_results results;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
irrecv.enableIRIn();
}
void loop()
{
if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
Serial.println(results.value, DEC);
irrecv.resume();
24
}
}
Pressing the "1" key on the infrared remote control causes (in my case) the serial-monitor writes the
number "16724175". This is the decrypted number code behind this button.
When you press the button permanently, the number "4294967295" appears. This is the code that
indicates that a key is pressed continuously. This number does not depend on which key is pressed.
There can also appear other numbers if a key is pressed only very short or pulsating. In the case the
sensor may not read unique value.
Extension of the sketch:
Switch on a LED by pressing button1 and switch it off with button2.
#include <IRremote.h>
int RECV_PIN = 11;
IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
decode_results results;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode (13, OUTPUT);
On pin13 is a LED (output)
It starts with a switched off LED.
irrecv.enableIRIn();
}
void loop() {
if (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
Serial.println(results.value, DEC);
if (results.value == 16724175)
If the IR-receiver receives the number 16724175
{digitalWrite (13, HIGH);}
(button1), the LED gets switched on.
if (results.value == 16718055)
If the IR-receiver receives the number 16718055
{digitalWrite (13, LOW);}
(button2), the LED gets switched off.
25
irrecv.resume(); // Receive the next value

}
}
12. Sketch No.12: Control a servo

A servo has to turn to three different positions. Between the movements is a short break.
Required equipment: A microcontroller board, a servo, three jumper wire
#include <Servo.h>
Include the servo library
Servo servoblue;
the servo gets the name servoblue
void setup()
{
servoblue.attach(8);
}
The signal-line of the servo is on pin8
26
void loop()
{
servoblue.write(0);
delay(3000);
servoblue.write(90);
delay(3000);
delay(3000);
delay(3000);
}
Position1 with an angle of 0

break for 3 seconds
break for 3 seconds
break for 3 seconds
break for 3 seconds
13. Sketch No.13: Show a text on a LCD display
Required equipment: Arduino-board, potentiometer, some jumper wire , breadboard

Note: The potentiometer is needed to adjust the contrast.
A good cabling is very important, solder the cable to the LCD.
27
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
Load the LCD-library
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 6, 5, 4, 3);
void setup() {
lcd.begin(16, 2);
}
void loop() {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("www.funduino.de");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
This LCD has 16 signs in two rows.
Startposition of the cursor on the LCD (0,0 = first

character in the first row) .
Write the text www.funduino.de.
Startposition of the cursor on the LCD (0,0 = first
character in the second row) .
28
lcd.print("good luck!!!");
}
Write the text good luck!!!.
14. Sketch No.14: Use a relais shield
A relays is a switch, that can be activated with a low current from the
Arduino-board. So you can switch on and off electrical things, that need
much more power than a Arduino-board can provide.
The relays need a permanent power supply with 5V+ and (Top of the
picture). On the Signal-pin, the switch can be activated by the Arduinoboard. Dependent of the manufacturer, there has to be a LOW or HIGH
signal from the arduino output-pin.
On the terminal A, B and C you can connect the cables from the electrical
thing, you want to switch on and off.
The relays connects the terminals A and B while the relays is switched off and when it is activated, it
connects the terminals A and C.
For testing purpose, you can use the blink-sketch. Instead of the LED, you connect the output-pin
from the Arduino-board with the signal-pin from the relay. With that sketch, the relays will switch on
and off in a 1 second rhythm.
void setup()
{
}
void loop()
{
delay(1000);
delay(1000);
}
This tutorial is under construc7on. There will be more tutorials soon www.funduino.de.
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Arduino for beginner

Tutorials especially for the

Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt), 07.09.2014

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt)

1. Sketch No.1: A flashing LED (blink)

Required equipment: Only the Arduino board and an USB-cable.

Here the setup begins

Pin 13 is a output. (Because the arduino-board has to put out a

voltage. In case of a connected sensor, the pin has to be declared

Here the main sketch (loop) begins

Voltage (5V) high on pin 13

1000ms (1 second) delay

Voltage low on pin 13 (0 V)

1000ms (1 second) delay

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt)

Upload the sketch on the Board.

1.4 Extension of the Sketch

// this is the shorter delay

// this is the shorter delay

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt)

2. Sketch No.2: Two flashing LEDs

Here the main program begins

Voltage (5V) high on pin 7

1000ms (1 second) delay

Voltage low on pin 7 (0V)

Voltage (5V) high on pin 8

1000ms (1 second) delay

Voltage low on pin 8 (0V)

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt)

3. Sketch No.3: Sound and light

The word LED is now 4

The word beep is now 5

Pin 4 (Pin LED) is an output.

Pin 5 (Pin Pieps) is an output.

Switch on the LED

Switch on the piezo-speaker

Wait one second

Switch off the LED

Switch off the piezo-speaker

Wait one second

4. Sketch No.4: A pulsating LED

The function analogWrite activates the PWM-function.

brightness = brightness + fadesteps;

For more information search for PWM on the arduino.cc

5. Sketch No.5: Switch a LED on by pressing a pushbutton

Now the mode has to be input, because

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt)

the Arduino-board checks the incoming

If the buttonstate is high...

switch on the LED...

...for five seconds...

...and then switch off the LED

...the LED stays switched off.

6. Sketch No.6: Measure light intensity

Copyright 2014 Funduino UG (Haftungsbeschrnkt)

int intensity= A0;

Activates the serial communication. Later it allowes to send

pinMode (LED, OUTPUT);

the measured value to the serial monitor.

analogRead(intensity) reads the voltage on pin A0 (analog

0). The value gets saved as a number between 0 and 1023 (0

if (sensorvalue > 512 )

If the value is above 512...

...the LED gets switched on...