Cadcam Lab Manual 06-08-2014

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECH

(AUTONOMOUS)
RVS NAGAR, CHITTOOR-517127
DEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
M.Tech- I- Sem (CAD/CAM)
Modeling Lab (12BCM11)

LABORATORY MANUAL
Prepared by
DEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
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RVS NAGAR, CHITTOOR-51712
Auto CAD
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1. Introduction
First of all lets have a look at the AutoCAD 2010 interface.
When you open it the initial workspace is at Initial Setup Workspace. You can change it
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to 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D Modeling and AutoCAD Classic mode as necessary by

clicking the Workspace Switching menu at lower right corner. We will proceed with 2D
Drafting & Annotation for 2D drawings. In this workspace only the tools for 2D drawing are
given. In 3D Modeling, all the tools for 3D drawing are given. But in Initial Setup Workspace,
both the 2D & 3D drawing tools are given. So sometimes it is preferable to work in Initial Setup
Workspace. In AutoCAD Classic the interface of the software from 2000-2008 are given. If
anyone, who is very much habitual with the previous versions, can use this workspace for
convenience instead of the new one which was adopted from 2009.
Line
Keystroke
Icon
" L"
location
Home > Draw > Line
To construct a line from one point to another: The command should be co-ordinate based
(as mentioned previously) or directly inputting the length (which is actually easier and used in
practical field).
For example, if you need to draw a line of 10 inch long, your command should be:
L
Enter (or click the icon)
Specify first point : Click at the starting point and hold cursor towards the desired direction
Specify next point:10"

Enter
Esc
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If you need to draw a line 10mm away at the right of your last entered point, then you can do it
by first drawing a 10mm line, or you can give direct input. For that you have to use @
symbol. The starting point should be indicated by co-ordinate (@10,0) then the length either
by co-coordinator by giving line length (relative co-ordinate).
Now, if the line needs to be drawn at a specific angle, such as 45, then the command should
be:
L
Enter (or click the icon)
Specify first point : Click at the starting point and hold cursor towards the correct direction
Specify next point:10"

<45
Enter
Esc
So, you can see that, during introducing angle the command is actually Length < Angle
(polar co-ordinate).
Circle
Keystroke
Icon
"C"
location
Home>Draw>Circle
Draw a circle based on a center point and a radius. But there are other inputs to draw. Click the
arrow in the icon, there will be a drop down menu showing you the other options like center &
diameter, 2point, 3point etc.
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For example, to draw a circle of radius 4", center at (1', 1'), the commands should be:
C
Enter(or click icon)
Specify center point of circle:1' ,1'
Enter
4"
Enter
Rectangle
Keystroke
"R"
Icon
location
Home > Draw > Rectangle
Can be draw in 2 ways:

No.1: showing two opposite diagonal points of the rectangle.
No.2: giving the arm lengths of the rectangle (first along X axis, second along Y axis)
For example, to draw a rectangle 10" x 5, the commands should be:
R
Enter (or click icon)
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Specify first corner point. Select any point.

@
10mm ,5mm
Enter
Polygon
Keystroke
Icon
"POL"
location
Home > Draw > Polygon
Used to construct polygon, rectangle, triangle or any object consisting as many sides as needed
of equal length.
Example:
pol
Enter no.ofsides:6
Select Center of polygon: 20,12
Select one option: Inscribed in circle or Circumscribed about circle
Enter radius of circle: 4
For the command Inscribed in circle or Circumscribed about circle; your object will be
like
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or
Remember, if you choose Inscribed in circle, the length of each sides of the object will be
equal to the value of radius. On the other case, the lengths will be greater than the radius.
Arc
Keystroke
"A"
Icon
location
Home > Draw > Arc
Draws an arc of specific dimension. It can be drawn in various ways. Click the arrow button on
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the icon. The options will appear.
For a 3 point arc, the command should be:

a
Specify start point of arc: 20,10
Enter
Specify second point of arc: 5,2
Enter
Specify end
point of arc:
5,2 Enter
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Details on Line:
In the previous lesson, you have learnt how to draw a line. But still problem can arise
regarding placing a line at a certain direction. So clear your conception.
Look at the two pictures:
Here, you want to draw a line at 45 degree angle with the horizontal line at the upper
side. But when you give the command for 450, the line goes downward. Why?
Because, If you keep the starting point fixed and rotate the base line, it goes clockwise at the
upper side and counterclockwise at the downward side. As a result, if you give input of 450
angled lines, it goes downward making 450 with the base line counterclockwise.
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Now, imagine a line at the right side of the point (the dotted green line).
Give line command and hold your cursor above the green line - as you want to draw a line
above it at 45 degree angle. Now give input for 45 degree.
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This time the line stays at the desired side. Because that side is the counterclockwise side of
the imagined line.
But this line is not actually drawn there. So why didnt the line go downward?
Because AutoCAD considers the line (to measure angle with respect to) towards which you
hold your cursor, even if it is not drawn on the paper; And of course only the horizontal
line.
Dimension:
After you have drawn any object, you will need to show the dimension in the drawing. To do
that: go to Annotation > Dimension. Click the arrow at the lower right of the panel. You will
have the dialog box as below. Click Modify button.
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Exp: No: 1
AIM: To develop the given model by using auto cad 2D commands and to specify its
Dimension.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: - AUTOCAD 2010 Database.
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COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE, AND DIMLINEAR.

PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed
COMMAND: - Limits:
Specify lower left corner: (0, 0)
Specify upper right corner : (150,100)
Command: ZOOM: [All/Center/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] : All
Command: LINE:
Specify first point: 0, 0
Specify next point or (undo): 100[00]
Specify next point or (close/undo): 20[900]
Specify next point or (close/undo):20[1800]
Specify next point or (close/undo):120[2700]
Specify next point or (close/undo): C
Specify next point or (close/undo): ESC
Command: DIMLINEAR
By using this command give dimensions linearly for drawn object to indicate its linear
dimensions.
PRECAUTIONS:1.
Limits should be given before drawing the object.

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2.
Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only.
3.
Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.

RESULT:
Hence by using auto cad 2010 2D commands we have drawn the object model and Dimensions
are specified.
EXP NO: 2
AIM: To develop the given model by using auto cad 2D commands and to specify its
Dimension.
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COMMANDS IN USE: - LINE, CIRCLE, DIMLINEAR, DIMDIA.
PROCEDURE: - In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed.
COMMAND: - Limits:
Specify lower left corner: (0,0)
Specify upper right corner: (150,150)
Command: ZOOM:[All/Center/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] : All
Command: LINE:
Specify first point: 0, 0
Specify next point or (undo): 150[00]
Specify next point or (close/undo): C
Specify next point or (close/undo): ESC
Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle (3p/2p/ttr): 30,30
Specify radius of circle or (diameter): d
Specify diameter of the circle: 10
Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle (3p/2p/ttr): 120, 30 Specify radius of
circle or (diameter): d
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Command: CIRCLE
Command: CIRCLE
Command: DIMLINEAR
By using this command give dimensions linearly for drawn object to indicate its Linear
dimensions.
PRECAUTIONS:1.
2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only.

3.
RESULT:
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are specified.
EXP NO: 3
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AIM: To develop the given model by using auto cad 2D commands and to specify its Dimension.
COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE, DIMLINEAR.
PROCEDURE: In order to obtain given model the following procedure will be followed.
First draw the axis line (center line),X and Y ,
Command: LINE
Command: LIMITS
Specify lower left corner: 0, 0
Specify upper left corner: 300,300
Command: LINE.
Specify the first point: 0,0
Specify the next point: @150<0
Specify the next point:@20<270
Specify the next point: C

Create chamfer for inner side corners.
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Command: CHAMFER
Select first line or (poly line/distance/angle/trim/method):d
Specify first chamfer distance:10 mm
Specify the second chamfer distance:10 mm
Select two corner lines.
Create fillet for outsides corners.
Command: FILLET
Select first object or [undo/poly line/radius/trim/multiple]: r
Specify fillet radius: 10
Select two corner lines
Command: MIRROR
Select objects
Specify the first point of the mirror line:
Specify the second point of mirror line:
Give enter
Delete source objects?(yes/no):n
Command: DIMLINEAR
By using this command give dimensions linearly for drawn object to indicate its
Linear dimensions.
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1. Limits should be given before drawing the object.

2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only.
3. Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.
RESULT:
are specified.
EXP NO: 4
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AIM: To draw the isometric drawings by using AutoCAD 2010 3D commands and the
Dimensions can be determined by counting the no of grids.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: - AutoCAD 2010 Database.
COMMANDS USED: LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE, DIMLINEAR.
PROCEDURE: Highlight the grid option.
Command: LIMIT
Specify lower left corner: 0, 0
Specify upper left corner: 300,300
Draw Axis lines(X and Y)
Command: CIRCLE
Specify diameter of the circle: 36 mm
Command: CIRCLE
Specify radius of circle or (diameter): r
Specify radius of the circle: 30 mm
Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle(3p/2p/ttr): 0,125
Command: CIRCLE
Specify radius of circle or (diameter): r
Specify radius of the circle: 10 mm.
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Command: ARC
Specify start point of arc or [center]: C
Specify the center point of arc: 64
Specify start point and end point of the arc.
Draw the inclined axis line with dimension of 30.
Command: CIRCLE
Specify centre point for circle (3p/2p/ttr): 0, 64
Command: ARRAY
Select the polar array
Select the object ( 12 mm circle)
Select the center point of the base circle and give number of items 2 and angle 30 enter.
Command: FILLET
Select two circles.
Command: FILLET
Select two circles and enter.
Command: TRIM
Give enter and click unknown lines, arcs. Etc.
Command: MIRROR
Select the mirroring objects and enter
Specify the first point of the mirror line: click start point of the vertical axis line
Specify the second point of the mirror line: click second point of the vertical axis line.
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Command: DIMLINEAR
By using this command give dimensions linearly for drawn object to indicate its Linear
dimensions.
PRECAUTIONS:1.
2.
Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only.
3.
RESULT:
are specified.
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Part Modeling
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Solid Works
BASICS OF SOLIDS MODELING WITH SOLIDWORKS

Introduction
Solid Works is the state of the art in computer-aided design (CAD). Solid Works
represents an object in a virtual environment just as it exists in reality, i.e., having volume as well
as surfaces and edges. This, along with exceptional ease of use, makes Solid Works a powerful
design tool. Complex three-dimensional parts with contoured surfaces and detailed features can
be modeled quickly and easily with Solid-Works. Then, many parts can be assembled in a virtual
environment to create a computer model of the finished product. In addition, traditional
engineering drawings can be easily extracted from the solids models of both the parts and the
final assembly. This approach opens the door to innovative design concepts, speeds product
development, and minimizes design errors. The result is the ability to bring high-quality products
to market very quickly.
CONSTRAINT-BASED SOLIDS MODELING
The constraint-based solids modeling used in Solid Works makes the modeling process
intuitive. The 3-D modeling begins with the creation of a 2-D sketch of the profile for the cross
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section of the part. The sketch of the cross section begins much like the freehand sketch of the
face of an object. The initial sketch need not be particularly accurate; it needs only to reflect the
basic geometry of the parts cross-sectional shape. Details of the cross section are added later.
The next step is to constrain the two-dimensional sketch by adding enough dimensions and
parameters to completely define the shape and size of the two-dimensional profile. The name
constraint-based modeling arises because the shape of the initial two-dimensional sketch is
constrained by adding dimensions to the sketch. Finally, a three-dimensional object is created
by revolving or extruding the two-dimensional sketched profile. Figure 1 shows the result of
revolving a simple L-shaped cross section by 270o about an axis and extruding the same Lshaped cross section along an axis.
In either case, these solid bodies form the basic geometric solid shapes of the part. Other
features can be added subsequently to modify the basic solid shape. Once the solids model is
generated using Solid Works, all of the surfaces have been automatically defined, so it is possible
to shade it in order to create a photorealistic appearance. It is also easy to generate twodimensional orthographic views of the object. Solid modeling is like the sculpting of a virtual
solid volume of material. Because the volume of the object is properly represented in a solids
model, it is possible to slice through the object and show a view of the object that displays the
interior detail (sectional views). Once several solid objects have been created, they can be
assembled in a virtual environment to confirm their fit and to visualize the assembled product.
Solids models are useful for purposes other than visualization. The solids model contains a
complete mathematical representation of the object, inside and out. This mathematical
representation is easily converted into specialized computer code that can be used for stress
analysis, heat transfer analysis, fluid-flow analysis, and computer-aided manufacturing. Getting
Started in Solid Works Introduction and Reference Solid Works Corporation developed Solid
Works as a three-dimensional, feature-based, solids-modeling system for personal computers.
Solid modeling represents objects in a computer as volumes, rather than just as
collections of edges and surfaces. Features are three-dimensional geometries with direct
analogies to shapes that can be machined or manufactured, such as holes or rounds. Featurebased solid modeling creates and modifies the geometric shapes of an object in a way that
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represents common manufacturing processes. This makes Solid Works a very powerful and
effective tool for engineering design. As per other computer programs, Solid Works organizes
and stores data in files. Each file has a name followed by a period (dot) and an extension. There
are several file types used in Solid Works, but the most common file types and their extensions
are Part files .prt or .sldprt Assembly files .asm or .sldasm Drawing files .drw or .slddrw
Part files are the files of the individual parts that are modeled. Part files contain all of the
pertinent information about the part. Because Solid Works is a solids-modeling program, the
virtual part on the screen will look very similar to the actual manufacture part. Assembly files are
created from several individual part files that are virtually assembled (in the computer) to create
the finished product.
Assembly files are the two dimensional engineering drawing representations of both the
part and assembly file. The drawings should contain all of the necessary information for the
manufacture of the part, including dimensions, part tolerances, and so on. The part file is the
driving file for all other file types. The modeling procedure begins with part files. Subsequent
assemblies and drawings are based on the original part files. One advantage of Solid Works files
is the feature of dynamic links. Any change to a part file will automatically be updated in any
corresponding assembly or drawing file.
Tool bars:
The Sketch toolbar contains tools to set up and manipulate a sketch.
The Sketch Tools toolbar contains tools to draw lines, circles, rectangles, arcs, and so on.
The Sketch Relations toolbar contains tools for constraining elements of a sketch by using
dimensions or relations.
The Features toolbar contains tools that modify sketches and existing features of a part.
The Standard toolbar contains the usual commands available for manipulating files (Open,
Save, Print, and so on), editing documents (Cut, Copy, and Paste), and accessing Help.
The Standard Views toolbar contains common orientations for a model.
The View toolbar contains tools to orient and rescale the view of a part.
Line: creates a straight line.
Center point Arc: creates a circular arc from a center point, a start point and an end point.
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Tangent Arc: creates a circular arc tangent to an existing sketch entity.

3 Pt Arc: creates a circular arc through three points.
Circle: creates a circle.
Splines: creates a curved line that is not a circular arc.
Polygon: creates a regular polygon.
Rectangle: creates a rectangle.
Point creates: a reference point that is used for constructing other sketch entities.
Centerline: creates a reference line that is used for constructing other sketch entities.
Convert Entities: creates a sketch entity by projecting an edge, curve, or contour onto the sketch
plane.
Mirror: reflects entities about a centerline.
Fillet: creates a tangent arc between two sketch entities by rounding an inside or an outside
corner.
Offset: Entities creates a sketch curve that is offset from a selected sketch entity by a specified
distance.
Trim: removes a portion of a line or curve.
CAMERA BODY
AIM:
To model the given object using the Extrusion feature as per the dimensions given.
Description of Extrusion Feature:

Base Feature:
The first feature is created.
Then the foundation of the part.
The base feature geometry for the box is an extrusion.
To create an Extruded Base Feature:
1. Select a sketch plane.
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Sketch a 2D profile of the square model as shown in the figure

2. Select front plane right click select insert sketch
Sketch a 2D profile of the square model
Give the dimension and it should come fully define
Ok exit sketch
3. Extrude the sketch perpendicular to sketch plane

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(Select Insert Boss/Bass Extrude) ok
4. Draw a circle of Diameter 50 mm,

Select front plane to draw the 2D circle of dia 50 >
Give the dimension and it should come fully define >
Ok exit sketch
It adds material to the part and requires a sketch.
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5. Extrude the sketch perpendicular to sketch plane

Select the sketch and then (select Insert Boss/Bass Extrudeok
6. Draw the circle for the Diameter of 35 mm and

Select front plane to draw the 2D circle of dia 35 >
Give the dimension it should come fully define >
Ok > exit sketch
(Select Insert cut Extruded)Feature:
It Removes material from the part and also it requires a sketch.
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7. Fillet Feature:
Rounds the edges of the faces of a part to a specified radius.
(SelectinsertFeaturefillet)
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Procedure:
1. Select a sketch plane (Front, top or side)
2. Sketch a 2D profile of the model.
3. Dimension the model using smart Dimensions icon.
4. Check the sketch is fully defined
5. Extrude the sketch perpendicular to sketch plane.
6. Use extrude cut feature to cut the solid as given in the drawing.
Result:
Thus the given model is extruded.
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AUTOMOBILE WHEEL
AIM:
To model the given object using the Revolve and circular pattern feature as per the
dimensions given.
PROCEDURE:
1. Create a 2D sketch on Front Plane as shown in the figure.
2. (Right click the Front plane>insert sketch and draw the 2D sketch)
Note: All the 2D sketches drawn should be fully Defined and there should not be any under
defined) and use ( click Add Relation and Smart Dimensions)
3.
Revolve, the sketch to 360 degree on top sketched line, by (Insert> Boss/Base>Revolve)
ok
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4. Create circle of 2D sketch of Diameter of 121.92 mm, on right plane and extrude to
50.8mm (Select the face by (Enter Space bar> double click the Normal plane) and Draw
the 2D sketch as given above
Extrude by (Insert>Boss/Base>Extrude)) ok.
5.
Draw the sketch on edge wheel face, sketch for arm hole ,
Select the face by (Enter Space bar> double click the Normal plane)
And Draw the 2D sketch as given below
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6. And remove the material by (Insert>cut>Extrude), through all, OK.
7. Add fillet R12.7mm inner(Insert>Features>Fillet/Round),add fillet 5.08mm for corner ok
8. Click Circular Pattern ,click (View>Temporary Axes,) select center axis as rotation axis
9. ( Give 360 degree and 5 equal spacing) , Select Cut-Extrude1, Fillet1 and Fillet2 as a
Features to Pattern. OK.
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10. Click on hub face, insert sketch, sketch center circle diameter 69.85mm. Extrude Cut to
12.7mm deep.
(Insert>cut>Extrude).
11. Add chamfer 12.7mm to inner cut and add chamfer 6.35mm to wheel edge ok done.
(Insert>Feature>chamfer).
Result:
Thus the given model is complete.
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THREE LAYER ROPE

AIM:
To model the given object using the Sweep and circular step and repeat feature as per the
dimensions given.
PROCEDURE:
1. Create a spline curve sketch on Front Plane.
(Front plane Insert Sketch Draw the spline using spline tool bar right click end spline)
(Select close dialog box and exit sketch.)

2. Another spline curve sketch on top plane
(select Top plane Insert Sketch click Space bar and double click the Normal plane Draw the
spline using spline tool bar right click end spline)
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(Select close dialog box and exit sketch.)
3. Create 3D plane curve

(Using, insert curve projected, select Two (cures) sketches ,
When we rotate the geometry it will show 3D curve. Click OK.
4. At one end of the 3D curve, create new plane.

(Insert Reference Geometry plane),select curve end point and edge curve and OK.
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5. Create a circle with suitable dimensions, nearby end of the spline curve.
6. Before finishing sketch (select Tools sketch tools circular step and repeat) from that given
number of rope layers.( 3 or 4). OK and select finish sketch.
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7. Take sweep (insert boss/base sweep) command and give

Select profile and there relative circle, and
Select path there relative curve,
Options orientation /twist type(select along path),
Define by select turns give the valve of 50 to 100). ok done.
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Result:
Thus the given model is completed.
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ANSYS -14
About the Basic FEA System

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The Basic FEA System is composed of three modules: GEOSTAR for model creation and
results display, STAR for linear static analysis, and DSTAR for buckling and modal analysis. The
integrated system lets you model, analyze, and evaluate your design within one graphical
environment.
Mechanical APDL Release Notes:
Release 14.5 of the Mechanical APDL application offers most of the capabilities from prior
releases plus many new features and enhancements. Areas where you will find changes and new
capabilities include the following:
Structural (p. 17)
Coupled-Field (p. 24)
Low-Frequency Electromagnetics (p. 24)
Acoustics (p. 24)
Diffusion (p. 25)
Radiation (p. 26)
Solvers (p. 26)
Linear Perturbation (p. 28)
Results File (p. 29)
Commands (p. 29)
Elements (p. 34)
Other Enhancements (p. 36)
Also see Known Incompatibilities (p. 39) and
ANSYS Customer Portal (p. xi) for important information about this release.
The Linear Static Analysis Module (STAR):
STAR uses the linear theory of structures, based on the assumption of small
displacements, to calculate structural deformations. As mentioned earlier, STAR calls the
STRESS submodule to calculate stresses. The STRESS submodule calculates element and nodal
stresses for most elements based on the results from STAR or DSTAR (modal analysis only).
Stresses for multiple load cases are obtained in a single run and the combination of load cases is
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possible in the post processing stage. Stresses can be obtained in any defined coordinate systems.
The STRESS module supports all of STAR features. In a typical linear static stress analysis, you
will determine the stresses, displacements, strains, and reactions in the finite element model. The
analysis is linear if the nonlinearities due to various sources can be either linearized or
completely ignored. Results from a linear analysis include nodal displacements, nodal and
element stresses, forces, reactions, etc. These results can be graphically viewed on the screen or
inspected in the output file.
The following are some important features of the linear static stress analysis module STAR:
Extensive element library:
Isotropic, orthotropic, anisotropic and composite material properties.
Temperature-dependent material properties.
Failure criteria for composite elements.
Prescribed displacements, with or without other loadings.
Coupled degrees of freedom and constraint equations.
Thermal, gravitational and centrifugal loads.
Beam loading.
In-plane effects in the stiffness evaluation (geometric or differential stiffness).
Multiple load cases in a single run.
Soft spring option to prevent instabilities.
Substructuring capability (for large problems) to build and analyze the chosen superelements
through condensation and recovery process.
Fluid-solid interaction.
Gap-friction problems.
Grid-force balance and reaction force calculation.
Asymmetric loading of axisymmetric models.
Strain energy and error calculations.
2D and 3D crack element options: the program computes the stress intensity factors for all three
modes of fracture.
Page 46

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Adaptive P-, H- and H-P versions of the adaptive finite element method, including three
dimensional problems using tetrahedral elements.
Bonding of (or connecting) non-compatible parts at the common boundary of the same model
even if nodes and element types do not match. Solid-solid, solid-shell and shell-shell bonds can
be made by specifying the interface geometric entity. This feature can be used to make curve-tocurve, curve-to surface and surface-to-surface bonding of your models with non-compatible
meshes. This model consists of tetrahedron solid elements in the hull of the missile to which the
fins modeled with shell elements are connected.
Page 47

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
1.STEPPED BAR
AIM: For stepped bar to find the nodal displacement, stress in each element at the fixed end.A1 =
200 mm^2,A 2 = 100 mm^2 and E1 = E2 = 200GPa.
200 mm
1000 N
100 mm
500 N
PREPROCESSING
1. Main Menu > Preprocessor> Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete >Add >Structural Link >
3D finit stn 180> OK>Close.
Page 48

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
2. Main Menu >Preprocessor > real Constants >Add/Edit/Delete >Add >OK
Cross-Sectional area AREA > Enter 200 >Add >OK
Page 49

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Cross-sectional area AREA >Enter 100 >OK >Close.

3. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Material Props >Material Models
Material Model Number 1, click Structural >Linear >Elastic >Isotropic
Enter EX = 200E3 and PRXY = 0.3 >OK

Page 50

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
(Close the Define Material Model Behavior window.)

Create the Nodes and elements. As it is stated in the problem that it uses 2 element model. Hence
create 3 nodes and 2 elements.
4. Main MENU >Preprocessor > Modeling >Create > Nodes >In Active CS Enter the
coordinates of node 3>OK.
5. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Modeling > Create >Elements > Elem Attributes > OK >Auto
Numbered > Thru nodes Pick The 1st and 2nd node >OK.
Page 51

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Elem Attributes >change the Real content set number to 2 >OK>Auto Numbered >thru nodes
Pick the 2nd and 3rd node >OK.
6.Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Displacement >On
Nodes Pick the 1st node >Apply >All DOF = 0 >OK.
7. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Force/Moment >On
nodes Pick the 3rd Node >Ok >Force/Moment value = 500 in FX direction >OK>Force/Moment
>On Nodes pick the 2nd node >OK >Force/Moment value = -1000 in FX direction.
The model-building step is now complete, and we can process to the solution. First to be safe,
save the model.
Solution: The interactive solution proceeds.
8. Main MENU >Solution >Solve >Current LS >OK
The/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the Solve Current Load
Step window is shown. Check the solution options in the/STATUS window and if all is
Page 52

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
OK, select File >Close.

In the Solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the solution is complete, close the
Solution is Done! Window.
POSTPROCESSING
We can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the computed values.
9. Main Menu>General postproc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Nodal Solu >DOF
>Solution >Displacement vector sum >OK.
10. Main Menu >General Postproc >Element Table >Define Table >ADD Select Bysequence
num and LS and type 1 after LS as shown in fig. >OK
Page 53

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
11. Main Menu >General Post Proc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Elem Table >Select LS1
>OK
Stress pattern for stepped bar
Result:
Thus the given model is simulated and verified stress and deflection.
2. TRUSS
AIM: Determine the nodal displacements, element stresses and support reactions for the three
members truss A = 800 mm^2 and E = 200GPa for all members.
Page 54

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
PREPROCESSING
2. Main Menu >Preprocessor > real Constants >Add/Edit/Delete >Add >OK
Page 55

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:

3. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Material Props >Material Models
Material Model Number 1, click Structural >Linear >Elastic >Isotropic
Enter EX = 200E3 and PRXY = 0.3 >OK

Page 56

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Create the Nodes and elements. As it is stated in the problem that it uses 2 element model. Hence
create 3 nodes and 2 elements.
4. Main MENU >Preprocessor > Modeling >Create > Nodes >In Active CS Enter the
coordinates of node 3>OK.
5. Main Menu >Preprocessor >Modeling > Create >Elements > Elem Attributes > OK >Auto
Numbered > Thru nodes Pick The 1st and 2nd node >OK.
Page 57

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Elem Attributes >change the Real content set number to 2 >OK>Auto Numbered >thru nodes
Pick the 2nd and 3rd node >OK.
Page 58

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
6. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Displacement >On
Nodes Pick the 1st node >Apply >All DOF = 0 >OK
7. Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Force/Moment

>On nodes Pick the 2nd Node >Ok >Force/Moment value = 8000 in FX direction
>OK>Force/Moment >On Nodes pick the 2nd node >OK >Force/Moment value = -12000
in FY direction.
Main Menu >Preprocessor >loads >Define Loads >Apply >Structural >Displacement
>On Nodes Pick the 3rd node >Apply >FY = 0 >OK
The model-building step is now complete, and we can process to the solution. First to be safe,
save the model.
8. Main MENU >Solution >Solve >Current LS >OK
Page 59

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
The/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the Solve Current Load
Step window is shown. Check the solution options in the/STATUS window and if all is
OK, select File >Close.
In the Solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the solution is complete, close the
Solution is Done! Window.
POSTPROCESSING
9.
Main Menu>General postproc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Nodal Solu >DOF >Solution
>Displacement vector sum >OK.
10. Main Menu >General Postproc >Element Table >Define Table >ADD Select Bysequence
num and LS and type 1 after LS as shown in fig. >OK.
Page 60

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
11. Main Menu >General Post Proc >Plot Results >Contour Plot >Elem Table >Select LS1
>OK.
Result:
Thus the given model is simulated and verified stress and deflection.
Page 61

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
3.WALLS
AIM: To Determine the Temperature Distribution of combined plane walls.
PREPROCESSING
2. Main Menu>Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Click on Link>then
on 3D conduction(Link 33)>OK>Add>Click on Link >then on 3D convection 34
>Ok>Close.
Page 62

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Page 63

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
3. Main Menu>Preprocessor >Real Constants>Add/Edit/Delete>Add>Click on Link 32>Ok.

Enter cross-sectional area AREA>Enter 1>OK
Add>Click on Link 34>Ok

Enter cross sectional area AREA>Enter 1>Ok>Close.
Enter the material properties.

4. Main Menu >Preprocessor>Material props>Material Models
Material Model Number 1,
Click Thermal >Conductivity >Isotropic
Page 64

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Enter KXX=30>ok
Then in the material model window click on Material menu >New model>OK
Click Thermal>Conductivity>isotropic
Enter KXX=50>Ok
Then in the material Model window click on Material menu>New Model>OK

Click Thermal>Conductivity>Isotropic
Enter KXX=20>ok.
Page 65

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Then in the material model window click on Material menu >New Model>OK
Click, Thermal>Convection or film coef.
Enter HF=25>ok

Create the nodes and elements.
Page 66

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
5. Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Nodes>InActive CS Enter the coordinates of

node 1>Apply Enter the coordinates of node 2>Apply Enter the coordinates of node
3>Apply>Enter the coordinates of node 4>Apply Enter the coordinates of node 5>Ok
6.
Main
Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create
>Elements>Elem
Attributes>ok>Auto
Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 1st and 2nd node>Ok

>Elem Attributes>change the material number to 2>Ok>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the
2nd and 3rd node>Ok
>Elem Attributes>change the material number to 3>OK>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the
3rd and 4th node>OK
>Elem Attributes >change the element type to Link 34>Change the material number to
4>Change the real constant set number to 2>Ok>Auto Numbered>Thru nodes Pick the 1 st and 5th
node >Ok
Apply the boundary condition and temperature.
7. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Loads>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Temperature>On nodes pick

the 4th node >Apply >Click on TEMP and Enter Value -20>OK
8. MainMenu>Preprocessor>Loads>DefineLoads>Apply>Thermal>Temperature>On nodes pick
the 5th node>Apply>Click on TEMP and Enter Value =800>OK.
Page 67

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:

9. Main Menu>Solution>Solve>Current LS>ok
The/STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the solve current Load
Step Window is shown. Check the solution options in the/STATUS window and if all is
OK, select File>Close
In the solve Current Load Step window, Select OK, and when the solution is complete, Close the
Solution is done.
Post processing
10.Main Menu >General Postproc >Plot Results>Contour Plot>Nodal Solu>DOF
Page 68

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
11. Main Menu >General Postproc>List Results>Nodal Solu>Select Temperature>Ok
Result:
Thus the given model is simulated and verified Temperature at each node of
elements.
Page 69

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
CAM
Page 70

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
INTRODUCTION
WORD DETAILS:
Although the control will, in general, accept part programming words in any sequence, it is
recommended that the following word order for each block is used.
N; G; X or U; Z or W; I; K; F; S; T;
O: PROGRAM NUMBER
The O followed by a 4 digit numeral value is used to assign a program number.
Example: O1002
N: SEQUENCE NUMBER
The N word may be omitted. When programmed, the sequence number following the N
address is a four digit numerical value and is used to identify a complete block of information.
Although ascending, descending, or duplicate numbering is allowed, it is best to program in
ascending order in increments of 10. This allows for future editing and simplified sequence
number search.
G: PREPARATORY COMMAND:
The two digit G command is programmed to set up the control to perform an automatic
machine operation. A full list of G codes are given, one G word from each modal group and one
non modal G word can be programmed on the same block.
Example:
Valid N 100 G00 G40 G41 G90 G95
*G40 & G41 are from the same group.
Page 71

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
A retained G word (Modal) from one group remains active until another G word from the same
group is programmed.
One-shot G word (Non-Modal) must be programmed in every block when required.
G-CODES LISTING FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES:

Note: - NOT ALL G CODES APPLY TO EACH MACHINE.
Group 1
G00
Positioning (Rapid Traverse)
G01
Liner Interpolation (Feed)
G02
Circular Interpolation CW
G03
Circular Interpolation CW
G04
Dwell
G10
Offset Value Setting By Program
G20
Inch Data Input
G21
Metric Data Input
G22
Stored Stroke Check On
G23
Stored Stroke Check Off
G27
Reference Point Return Check
G28
Reference Point Return
G29
Return from Reference Point
G30
Return to 2nd Reference Point
G31
Skip Function
G32
Thread Cutting
G34
Variable Lead Thread Cutting
G36
Automatic Tool Compensation X
G37
Automatic Tool Compensation Z
G40
Tool Nose Radius Compensation cancels
G41
Tool Nose Radius Compensation Left
G42
Tool Nose Radius Compensation Right
G50
Work Co-ord. Change/Max. Spindle Speed setting

Page 72

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
G65
Macro call
12
G66
Macro Modal Call Cancel
12
G67
Macro Modal Call Cancel
G70
Finishing Cycle
G71
Stock Removal in Turning
G72
Stock Removal in Turning
G73
Pattern Repeating
G74
Peck Drilling in Z Axis
G75
Grooving in X Axis
G76
Thread Cutting Cycle
G90
Cutting Cycle A
G92
Thread Cutting Cycle
G94
Cutting Cycle B
G96
Constant surface Speed Control
G97
Constant Surface Speed Control Cancel
11
G98
Feed per Minute
11
G99
Feed per Revolution
NOTES FOR G CODE LISTING:

Note 1:G Codes of 0 group represent those non modal and are effective to the designed block.
Note 2:G Codes of different groups can be commanded to the same block. If more than one G
codes from the same group are commanded, the latter becomes effective.
AXIS DEFINITIONS:Z AXIS:-
Page 73

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
The Z axis is along a line between the spindle and the tailstock, or the center line of
rotation of the spindle. Minus (-) movements of the tool are left toward the head stock; positive
(+) movements are right towards the tailstock.
X AXIS:The X axis is 90 degrees from the Z axis (perpendicular to the Z axis). Minus (-)
movements of the tool are toward the center-line of rotation, and positive (+) movements are
away from the center line of rotation.
X: X AXIS COMMAND:The X word is programmed as a diameter which is used to command a change in position
perpendicular to the spindle center-line.
U: X AXIS COMMAND:The U word is an incremental distance (diameter value) which is used to command a
change in position perpendicular to the spindle center-line. The movement is the programmed
value.
Z: Z AXIS COMMAND:The Z word is an absolute dimension which is used is used to command a change in
position parallel to the spindle center-line.
W: Z AXIS COMMAND:The W word is an incremental distance which is used to command a change of position
parallel to the spindle center-line.
Do not program X & U or Z & W in the same block. If an X axis command calls for no
movement it may be omitted.
X, U or P: DWELL:The X word is used with G04 to command a dwell in seconds.
The P word is used with G04 to command a dwell in milliseconds.
I WORD:Page 74

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
For arc programming (G02 or G03) , the K Value (with sign) is programmed to define
the incremental distance parallel to the Z axis, between the start of the arc and the arc center.
K WORD:For arc programming (G02 or G03), the K value (with sign) is programmed to define the
incremental distance parallel to the Z axis, between the start of the arc and the arc center.
The maximum arc for I & K programming is limited to the quadrant. If I or K is zero, it
must be omitted.
F WORD:a) In G99 mode the F word is used to command feed/rev.
b) In G98 mode the F word is used to command feed/min.
c) In G32 mode the F word specifies the lead (pitch) of the thread.
P WORD:a) Used in automatic cycles to define the first block of a contour.
b) Used with M98 to define a subroutine number.
Q WORD:Q words are used in automatic cycles to define the last block of a contour.
R WORD:For circular interpolation (G02 or G03) the R word defines the arc radius from the center
of the tool nose radius (G40 active) - or the actual radius required (G41/ G42 active).
S WORD:a) In the constant surface speed mode (G96) the four digit S word is used to command the
required surface speed in either feet or meters per minute.
b) In the direct R.P.M mode (G97), the four digit S word is used to command the spindle
speeds incrementally, in R.P.M between the ranges available for the machine.
c) Prior to entering constant surface speed mode (G96) the S word is used to specify a speed
constraint, the maximum speed you wish the spindle to run at. To set this restraint the S
word is programmed in conjunction with the G50 word.
T WORD:Page 75

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
The T words are used in conjunction with M06. Those are used to call up the required
tool on an automatic indexing turret machine, and to activate its tool offsets.
M WORD:An M word is used to initiate auxiliary functions particular to the machine. One M code
can be programmed with in one program block together with other part program information.
M- CODE LIST FOR DENFORD FANUC LATHES:All M Codes marked with an asterisk will be executed at the end of a block (i.e., after the
axis movement).
*
M00
PROGRAM STOP
M01
OPTIONAL STOP
M02
PROGRAM RESET
M03
SPINDLE FORWARD
M04
SPINDLE REVERSE
M05
SPINDLE STOP
M06
AUTO TOOL CHANGE
M07
COOLANT "B" ON
M08
COOLANT "A" ON
M09
COOLANT OFF
M10
CHUCK OPEN
M11
CHUCK CLOSE
M13
SPINDLE FORWARD & COOLANT ON
M14
SPINDLE REVERSE & COOLANT ON
M15
PROGRAM INPUT USING."MIN P" (SPECIAL FUNCTION)
M16
SPECIALTOOL CALL (TOOL CALL IGNORES TURRET)
M19
SPINDLE ORIENTATE
M20
SPINDLE INDEX A
Page 76

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
M21
SPINDLE INDEX 2A
M22
SPINDLE INDEX 3A
M23
SPINDLE INDEX 4A
M25
QUILL EXTEND
M26
QUILL RETRACT
M29
SELECT "DNC" MODE
M30
PROGRAM RESET & REWIND
M31
INCREMENT PARTS COUNTER
M37
DOOR OPEN TO STOP
M38
DOOR OPEN
M39
DOOR CLOSE
M40
PARTS CATCHER EXTEND
M41
PARTS CATCHER RETRACT
M43
SWARF CONVEYOR FORWARD
M44
SWARF CONVEYOR REVERSE
M45
SWARF CONVEYOR STOP
M48
LOCK % FEED AND % SPEED AT 100%
M49
CANCEL M48 (DEFAILT)
M50
WAIT FOR AXIS IN POSITION SIGNAL (CANCELS

CONTINUOUS PATH)
M51
CANCEL M50 (DEFAILT)
M52
PULL-OUT IN THREADING = 90 DEGRESS (DEFAILT)
M53
CANCEL M52
M54
DISABLE SPINDLE FLUCTUATION TESTING (DEFAILT)
M56
SELECT INTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION "F")
M57
SELECT EXTERNAL CHUCKING (FROM PLC EDITION "F")
M62
AUX.1 ON
M63
AUX.2 ON
M64
AUX.1 OFF
Page 77

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
M65
AUX.2 OFF
M98
SUB PROGRAM CALL
M99
SUB PROGRAM END
FACING CYCLE
[BILLET X25 Z70]
G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 T1 ;( FACING TOOL)
M03 S1200;
G00 X26 Z0;
G94 X0 Z-0.5 F50;
Z-1.0
Z-1.5
Z-2.0
Z-2.5
Z-3.0
Z-3.5
Z-4.0
Z-4.5
Z-5.0
Z-5.5
Z-6.0
Z-6.5
Page 78

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
Z-7.0
Z-7.5
Z-8.0
Z-8.5
Z-9.0
Z-9.5
Z-10.0
G28 U0W0;
M05;
M30;
Page 79

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
TURNING CYCLE
[BILLET X28 Z70]
G21 G98;
G28 U0W0;
M06 T1 ;( FACING TOOL)
M03 S1000;
G00 X25 Z1;
G94 X24 Z45 F50;
X23
X22
X21
X20
X19 Z-40
X18
X17
X16
X15
X14 Z-20
Page 80

TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS)
Experiment No.
Date:
X13
X12
X11
X10
G28 U0W0;
M05;
M30;
Page 81

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SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECH

M.Tech- I- Sem (CAD/CAM)

Modeling Lab (12BCM11)

DEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

to 2D Drafting & Annotation, 3D Modeling and AutoCAD Classic mode as necessary by

Home > Draw > Line

Specify next point:10"

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Specify next point:10"

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Home > Draw > Rectangle

Can be draw in 2 ways:

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Specify first corner point. Select any point.

Home > Draw > Polygon

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Home > Draw > Arc

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

the icon. The options will appear.

For a 3 point arc, the command should be:

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

COMMANDS IN USE: - LIMITS, ZOOM, LINE, AND DIMLINEAR.

Limits should be given before drawing the object.

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only.

Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: - AUTOCAD 2010 Database.

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Specify diameter of the circle: 10

Limits should be given before drawing the object.

2. Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only.

Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Specify the next point: C

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

1. Limits should be given before drawing the object.

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Limits should be given before drawing the object.

Object should be drawn from a specific point of location only.

Ensure that proper sequence should be followed to draw an object.

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

BASICS OF SOLIDS MODELING WITH SOLIDWORKS

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Line: creates a straight line.

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

Tangent Arc: creates a circular arc tangent to an existing sketch entity.

Description of Extrusion Feature: