Practice Test Unit4

Unit 4 Practice Test Populations
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which of the following does not apply to sea otters?

a. They have blubber to keep them warm.
b. They can eat 25 % of their weight per day in sea urchins and other benthic organisms.
c. They use tools.
d. They have the thickest fur of any mammal.
e. None of these answers.
2. The changes in population size, density, dispersion, and age structure are known as
a. succession.
b. demography.
c. population dynamics.
d. biotic potential.
e. carrying capacity.
3. The most common pattern of population dispersion found in nature is
a. random.
b. uniform.
c. clumped.
d. dispersed.
4. You observe uniform dispersion in a species you are studying intensely. You predict that as you extend your
work, you will find
a. intraspecific competition and evenly spread, scarce resources.
b. interspecific predation and evenly spread, scarce resources.
c. intraspecific competition and evenly spread, abundant resources.
d. commensalism and clumped resources.
e. interspecific competition and evenly spread, abundant resources.
5. Which of the following is not one of the age structure categories?
a. prereproductive
b. reproductive
c. postreproductive
d. elderly
6. Emigration
a. is one-way movement of individuals into the area of an established population.
b. is one-way movement of individuals into an uninhabited area.
c. is one-way movement of individuals out of a particular population to another area.
d. is the repeated departure and return of individuals to and from a population area.
e. All of these answers.
7. The intrinsic rate of increase (r)
a. is the rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources
b. is the speed at which a population grows until it reaches carrying capacity
c. is determined by doubling time
d. is never influenced by environmental resistance
e. is greatest in populations whose organisms reproduce late in life and have only a few
offspring each time they reproduce
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8. Environmental resistance is enhanced by

a. the ability to compete for resources.
b. the ability to resist disease and parasites.
c. a specialized niche.
d. a high reproductive rate.
9. A population will increase if
a. natality decreases.
b. mortality increases.
c. the biotic potential increases.
d. the environmental resistance increases.
10. An exponential growth curve depicting an ever-growing population is shaped like the letter ____.
a. J
b. L
c. M
d. S
e. N
11. A population crash occurs when
a. a population approaches its carrying capacity.
b. environmental resistance comes into play gradually.
c. resources are essentially unlimited.
d. a population overshoots carrying capacity and environmental pressures cause effects.
e. the population growth rate slows.
12. A population grows, overshoots its carrying capacity, and crashes, most likely from
a. a positive feedback loop.
b. a negative feedback loop.
c. a time delay between a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop.
d. an accumulation.
13. Humans have extended earth's carrying capacity for the human species by
a. controlling many diseases.
b. using energy resources at a rapid rate.
c. using material resources at a rapid rate.
d. increasing life span.
14. Density-dependent population controls include all of the following except
a. disease.
b. human destruction of habitat.
c. parasitism.
d. competition for resources.
e. predation.
15. Density-independent population controls include all of the following except
a. drought.
b. fire.
c. resource competition.
d. unfavorable chemical changes in the environment.
e. habitat destruction.
16. Which of the following statements is not true?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____ 17.
____ 18.
____ 19.
____ 20.
____ 21.
____ 22.
____ 23.
high population densities can help sexually reproducing individuals to find mates
high density populations can shield individuals from predators
high density populations can make large groups vulnerable to human predators
close contact between members of a high density population can increase infectious
disease
e. when a population is genetically diverse, it makes that population more vulnerable to
environmental resistance
Which of the following terms best describes the type of population change you would expect to find for a
muskrat population in a state that has just outlawed trapping?
a. explosive
b. stable
c. cyclic
d. irruptive
e. irregular
Which of the following patterns would you expect to find for rabbits and coyotes in an undisturbed habitat?
a. explosive
b. stable
c. cyclic
d. irruptive
e. irregular
Wolves controlling deer populations are an example of
a. bottom-up population control.
b. top-down population control.
c. producer-level control.
d. predator control.
A disadvantage of sexual reproduction would be
a. females must produce twice as many offspring as asexually reproducing individuals in
order to maintain the same number of young in the next generation.
b. there is an increased chance of genetic errors and defects during gamete formation.
c. offspring are exact genetic replicas of the parents.
d. a and b only.
e. All of the above.
A K-strategist generally
a. has populations that follow an S-shaped growth curve.
b. exhibits "boom-and-bust" cycles.
c. has populations that rise quickly then crash.
d. generally lives in a rapidly changing environment.
e. have short generation times.
Which of the following best describes the survivorship curve you would expect to find for a mountain gorilla?
a. late loss
b. constant loss
c. early loss
d. no loss
Which of the following best describes the survivorship curve you would expect to find for a fish?
a. late loss
b. constant loss
c. early loss
____ 24.
____ 25.
____ 26.
____ 27.
____ 28.
____ 29.
____ 30.
d. no loss
Which of the following connections among population cycle, survival strategies, and survivorship curves
would you most expect to see?
a. boom-and-bust; K-strategist; early-loss
b. boom-and-bust; r-strategist; early-loss
c. stable; r-strategist; early-loss
d. stable; K-strategist; early-loss
e. stable; r-selected species; late loss
A common argument against population control could be that
a. it violates religious or moral beliefs
b. it violates the right to privacy
c. it keeps minorities or citizens of developing countries from gaining power
d. a and b only
e. a, b and c
Which of the following is not a major factor for rapid population increase over the last 200 years?
a. humans developed the ability to expand into diverse new habitats and different climate
zones
b. technology allowed people to spend less time on menial labor and more time raising
families
c. the emergence of early and modern agriculture allowed more people to be fed per unit of
land area.
d. the development of sanitation systems, antibiotics and vaccines helped to control
infectious disease.
e. All of the above are correct
The optimum sustainable population is
a. the level that would allow most people to live in reasonable comfort and freedom without
impairing the ability of the planet to sustain future generations.
b. the level that could be sustained by creating technology that would solve any
environmental problem humans might face.
c. the maximum number of people that could live comfortably but not induce any
environmental degradation on the planet.
d. All of the above.
e. None of the above.
The population change in a particular year can be calculated by
a. (deaths + emigration) (births + immigration)
b. (births + immigration) (deaths + emigration)
c. (deaths + immigration) (births + emigration)
d. (births + emigration) (deaths + immigration)
e. (births + deaths) (immigration + emigration)
The crude birth rate is the number of live births per ____ persons in a given year.
a. 50
b. 100
c. 500
d. 1,000
e. 10,000
The highest crude birth rate and crude death rate are in
a. Africa.
b. Latin America.
____ 31.
____ 32.
____ 33.
____ 34.
____ 35.
____ 36.
____ 37.
____ 38.
c. Asia.
d. Europe.
e. Oceania.
Total fertility rate is
a. the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime
b. the number of children a couple must bear to replace themselves
c. the average number of children a woman typically has during her reproductive years
d. the number of live births per 1000 people
e. the births and immigration into a population minus the deaths and emigration
Between 1900 and 2006, the population of the United States increased
a. more than 50 million.
b. more than 100 million.
c. more than 200 million.
d. more than 300 million.
e. more than 400 million.
Which of the following countries would produce the greatest rise in population size from experiencing a
growth rate of 1.2%?
a. country A, with a population of 100,000
b. country B, with a population of 1 million
c. country C, with a population of 10 million
d. country D, with a population of 1 billion
e. country E, with a population of 100 million
The actual average replacement-level fertility for the whole world is slightly higher than
a. 1 child per couple.
b. 2 children per couple.
c. 3 children per couple.
d. 4 children per couple.
e. 5 children per couple.
The most useful measure of fertility for projecting future population change is the
a. replacement-level fertility.
b. one-year future fertility level.
c. total fertility rate.
d. birth rate.
e. abortion rate.
Social factors affecting birth and fertility rates include
a. attitudes toward large families and birth control.
b. average levels of education and affluence.
c. urbanization.
d. All of these answers.
Which of the following is not an economic factor decreasing the likelihood of a couple having a child?
a. religious beliefs
b. cost of education
c. lack of a pension system
d. employment opportunities for women
e. need for child to be part of family labor pool
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The rise in the size of the human population is due primarily to a higher birth rate.
b. Increased food supplies and medical care have increased life expectancy.
____ 39.
____ 40.
____ 41.
____ 42.
____ 43.
____ 44.
____ 45.
____ 46.
c. Only a few countries annually accept a large number of immigrants or refugees.

d. Migration within countries plays an important role in the population dynamics of cities,
towns, and rural areas.
e. Women with access to education and jobs usually have fewer children.
Two useful indicators of overall health in a country or region are
a. birth rate and death rate.
b. replacement-level fertility rate and total fertility rate.
c. life expectancy and infant mortality rate.
d. life expectancy and death rate.
e. population growth rate.
A high infant mortality rate is most often associated with
a. a high standard of living.
b. undernutrition.
c. balanced diets.
d. a low incidence of infectious disease.
e. affluence.
Death rates have declined because of
a. increased food supplies
b. access to birth control
c. improved sanitation and hygiene
d. a and c only
e. a, b and c
Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children out of 1,000 that die
a. before birth.
b. in their first month.
c. in the first half-year of life.
d. by their first birthday.
e. by their 5th birthday.
Which of the following statements about U.S. teenage pregnancy is false?
a. The United States has the highest teenage pregnancy rate of any industrialized country.
b. The birth rate for U.S. teens age 15-19 dropped to its lowest since 1940.
c. More than 800,000 U.S. teens become pregnant annually.
d. Babies born to teenagers are more likely to be high-weight babies than those born to other
women.
Which of the following is an argument for reducing legal immigration?
a. it would allow the United States to stabilize its population sooner
b. it would help to reduce the environmental impact of increasing the population
c. it would decrease the number of workers willing to take menial and low-paying jobs
d. a and b only
e. b and c only
Population age structure diagrams can be divided into all of the following categories except
a. infant.
b. prereproductive.
c. reproductive.
d. postreproductive.
e. a and b.
Countries that have achieved ZPG have an age structure that
a. forms an inverted pyramid.
____ 47.
____ 48.
____ 49.
____ 50.
____ 51.
____ 52.
____ 53.
____ 54.
b. has a broad-based pyramid.

c. shows little variation in population by age.
d. has a large prereproductive population.
e. has a large reproductive population.
Rapidly growing countries have an age structure that
a. forms an inverted pyramid.
b. has a broad-based pyramid.
c. shows little variation in population by age.
d. has a large prereproductive population.
e. has a large postreproductive population.
Which of the following implies the greatest built-in momentum for population growth?
a. a large population size
b. a large number of people age 29 to 44
c. a large number of people under age 34
d. a large number of people under age 15
e. a large number of people over age 60
A baby boomer is least likely to
a. strongly influence demands for goods and services.
b. influence politics.
c. take voluntary early retirement.
d. place strains on Medicare as middle age approaches.
e. place strains on social security as they retire.
Countries undergoing rapid population decline may experience a rise in the proportion of the population
a. on social security.
b. consuming a large fraction of medical services.
c. who are older people.
d. can face labor shortages.
e. who fit all of these answers.
Which of the following statements about Japan's population is false?
a. Between 1949 and 1956, Japan's population growth rate was cut in half.
b. Japan offers access to family planning.
c. Japan has one of the world's lowest infant death rates.
d. The aging of Japan's population has encouraged investment in automation and encouraged
women to stay at home.
e. All of these statements are true.
Which of the following is not a symptom of a decrease in the population of young adults lost to AIDs?
a. loss of a country's most productive workers
b. loss of adults able to care for the country's elderly population
c. increase in life expectancy within the population
d. loss of trained professionals such as engineers and teachers
e. All of the above are correct
All of the following countries accept large numbers of immigrants except
a. the United States.
b. Mexico.
c. Canada.
d. Australia.
e. Germany.
In 2002, legal and illegal immigration accounted for ____ of U.S. population growth.
a. 10%
____ 55.
____ 56.
____ 57.
____ 58.
____ 59.
____ 60.
____ 61.
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
e. 50%
Which of the following statements least characterizes consequences of U.S. immigration?
a. Federal and state governments are coordinating their responses to immigration.
b. In the long run, legal immigrants pay more in taxes than they use in public services.
c. Immigrants are often willing to take low-paying jobs that many native-born Americans
refuse to do.
d. In times of high unemployment, immigrants willing to work for low wages may take jobs
from or lower wages of native-born workers.
Which of the following least characterizes U.S. immigration policy?
a. The law prohibits hiring of illegal immigrants.
b. Some environmentalists want to limit immigration to a small percentage of U.S.
population growth.
c. Some citizens feel that limiting immigration diminishes the U.S. role in providing a place
of opportunity for poor and oppressed people.
d. Over the past decade, efforts to deport illegal immigrants have weakened.
e. Some citizens are opposed to limiting immigration because immigrants pay taxes and take
many menial, low-paying jobs.
People who oppose population regulation are least likely to say that
a. lack of a free and productive economic system in developing countries is the primary
cause of poverty and despair.
b. people are the world's most valuable resource for finding solutions to our problems.
c. population regulation is a violation of religious beliefs and an intrusion into personal
privacy and freedom.
d. increasing human population threatens the earth's life-support systems.
e. many immigrants open businesses and create jobs.
People who support population regulation say that
a. billions more people on the earth will intensify many environmental and social problems.
b. it is unethical for us to control birth rates.
c. the gap between the rich and poor has been narrowing since 1960.
d. we have the freedom to produce as many children as we want.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the Limits to Growth projection for consequences of
continuing our societies at current world population growth and industrial output rates?
a. Our societies are currently in sustainable dynamic equilibrium.
b. Our societies will continue with minor changes.
c. Our societies will demonstrate overshoot and collapse patterns in the next decade.
d. Our societies will demonstrate overshoot and collapse patterns in the next century.
The change that takes place in a demographic transition occurs when
a. one-third of the population is under 15 years of age.
b. the birth rate drops below the death rate.
c. the economic development of a country changes the population growth pattern.
d. either immigration or emigration changes the population growth pattern.
e. a population reaches one million.
The demographic transition model helps to explain why
____ 62.
____ 63.
____ 64.
____ 65.
____ 66.
____ 67.
____ 68.
a. death rates rise in industrializing nations.

b. industrialization leads to population growth.
c. development requires large populations.
d. death rates fall before birth rates.
e. birth rates fall before death rates.
During demographic transitions, birth rates of a population are high during the
a. preindustrial and industrial stages.
b. postindustrial and transitional stages.
c. industrial and postindustrial stages.
d. preindustrial and transitional stages.
e. preindustrial and postindustrial stages.
In the demographic transition model, birth and death rates are high during
a. the preindustrial stage.
b. the industrial stage.
c. the postindustrial stage.
d. the transitional stage.
Some experts fear that the developing countries lack sufficient ____ to allow the demographic transition to
occur.
a. people
b. capital
c. cooperation
d. commitment
e. desire.
Generally, women who are feeding their infant only with breast milk are ____ protected from pregnancy for
six months after giving birth.
a. 38%
b. 58%
c. 78%
d. 98%
e. 48%
Government attempts to reduce population growth have included all of the following except
a. paying couples who agree to use contraceptives.
b. paying couples who agree to be sterilized.
c. penalizing couples who have more than a certain number of children (usually one or two).
d. providing needed health care and food allotments to those who have more than a certain
number of children.
e. raising taxes for couples that have more than a certain number of children.
Economic rewards and penalties in population control strategies work best if they
a. push rather than nudge people to have fewer children.
b. are retroactive.
c. reinforce existing customs and trends.
d. decrease a poor family's income or land.
e. don't increase a poor families economic status.
Women tend to have fewer and healthier children when they
a. live in societies in which their individual rights are protected.
b. have access to paying jobs outside the home.
c. have access to education.
d. have access to birth control.
____ 69.
____ 70.
____ 71.
____ 72.
____ 73.
____ 74.
____ 75.
Matching

Which of the following statements about women's employment/economic status is false?
a. Women do more than half of the work gathering fuelwood.
b. Women do more than half of the work involved in producing food.
c. Women have more than half of the world's assets.
d. Women provide more of the world's health care than all of the world's organized health
services put together.
e. Women do almost all domestic work and child care.
Women receive ____% of the world's income.
a. 1
b. 10
c. 25
d. 50
e. 70
Which of the following statements about India is (are) true?
a. There is a strong preference for female children.
b. Many cultural norms favor large families.
c. Indian women still have an average of 2.1 children.
d. Government pensions have eliminated the need for large families.
e. Women don't have access to birth control.
China's population policy has included all of the following except
a. encouraging later marriages.
b. health, pension, and employment benefits for a one-child pledge.
c. urging couples to have no more than one child.
d. encouraging contraceptive use but banning abortion.
e. free access to birth control
China's population control program does all of the following except
a. employ freely available contraceptives.
b. employ compulsory measures.
c. emphasize huge family-planning centers.
d. offer economic incentives.
e. preferential treatment in employment for a couples one child.
Perhaps the most important feature of China's population control program that could be transferred to other
countries is
a. focusing control efforts on males.
b. localizing the program rather than forcing people to travel to distant centers.
c. requiring one of the parents to be sterilized when a couple has two children.
d. encouraging couples to postpone marriage.
Striving to meet the needs of a growing population, humans have also
a. reduced biodiversity.
b. relied mostly on fossil fuels.
c. introduced harmful species into communities.
d. None of these.
e. All of these.
____ 76. On the exponential growth of reindeer figure, choose the portion of the graph that can also be called a
dieback.
____ 77. On the exponential growth of reindeer figure, choose the portion of the graph that represents the number of
reindeer that can be sustained indefinitely in a given area.
____ 78. On the exponential growth of reindeer figure, choose the portion of the graph that represents the number of
reindeer that exceeded the capacity of their environment.
____ 79. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with similar numbers of males and
females in prereproductive and the reproductive categories.
____ 80. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with a strong inclination to increase
population size unless death rates rise sharply.
____ 81. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram that represents a demographically
divided world.
____ 82. On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram that shows a declining population.
Unit 4 Practice Test Populations

Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: M
2. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
TOP: Population Dynamics and Carrying Capacity
3. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
4. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: M
5. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
6. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
7. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: D
8. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
9. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
10. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: E
11. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
12. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
13. ANS: E
PTS: 1
DIF: D
14. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
15. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
16. ANS: E
PTS: 1
DIF: M
17. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
18. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
19. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
20. ANS: D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
21. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: M
22. ANS: A
PTS: 1
DIF: E
23. ANS: C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
24. ANS: B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
Reproductive Patterns
25. ANS:
TOP:
26. ANS:
TOP:
27. ANS:
TOP:
28. ANS:
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29. ANS:
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30. ANS:
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46. ANS:
47. ANS:
48. ANS:
49. ANS:
50. ANS:
51. ANS:
52. ANS:
E
PTS: 1
DIF: M
Human Population Growth: A Brief History
B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
Factors Affecting Human Population Size
A
PTS: 1
DIF: M
B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
A
PTS: 1
DIF: E
C
PTS: 1
DIF: E
B
PTS: 1
DIF: E
D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
B
PTS: 1
DIF: E
C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
A
PTS: 1
DIF: M
A
PTS: 1
DIF: D
C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
D
PTS: 1
DIF: D
D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
A
PTS: 1
DIF: E
C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
E
PTS: 1
DIF: D
D
PTS: 1
DIF: D
C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
TOP:
Population Age Structure

53. ANS:
TOP:
54. ANS:
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72. ANS:
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73. ANS:
TOP:
74. ANS:
TOP:
75. ANS:
MATCHING
B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
Solutions: Influencing Population Size
D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
A
PTS: 1
DIF: D
D
PTS: 1
DIF: D
D
PTS: 1
DIF: D
A
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
A
PTS: 1
DIF: E
B
PTS: 1
DIF: E
D
PTS: 1
DIF: E
D
PTS: 1
DIF: M
C
PTS: 1
DIF: M
E
PTS: 1
DIF: M
C
PTS: 1
DIF: D
B
PTS: 1
DIF: E
B
PTS: 1
DIF: D
Slowing Population Growth in India and China
D
PTS: 1
DIF: D
C
PTS: 1
DIF: D
B
PTS: 1
DIF: M
E
PTS: 1
DIF: M
TOP: Human Impacts on Natural Systems
76. ANS: C
77. ANS: B
78. ANS: B
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: M
DIF: M
DIF: M
OBJ: Labeling
OBJ: Labeling
OBJ: Labeling
79.
80.
81.
82.
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
PTS:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
DIF:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
OBJ:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
C
A
B
D
1
1
1
1
M
M
M
M
Labeling
Labeling
Labeling
Labeling

Practice Test Unit4

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Practice Test Unit4

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Unit 4 Practice Test Populations

1. Which of the following does not apply to sea otters?

8. Environmental resistance is enhanced by

c. Only a few countries annually accept a large number of immigrants or refugees.

b. has a broad-based pyramid.

a. death rates rise in industrializing nations.

e. All of these answers.

Unit 4 Practice Test Populations

Population Age Structure

TOP: Human Impacts on Natural Systems

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