Fazer ou no fazer algo s depende de nossa vontade e perseverana.

Albert Einstein
MATERIAL DE APOIO DE INGLS INSTRUMENTAL

Material organizado por:

Valria Leito Lima

2012

APRESENTAO DO CURSO
O que ingls instrumental? Como surgiu?
English for Specific Purposes (E.S.P), que em portugus quer dizer: Ingls com
Objetivos Especficos, tambm chamado de ingls instrumental ou tcnico, ou seja,
a habilidade de entender textos em lngua inglesa usando estratgias especficas de
leitura.
Surgiu com a necessidade de comunicao rpida e eficaz em vrios contextos
mundiais. Como por exemplo: durante a guerra, os soldados precisavam aprender o
idioma do inimigo para sobreviverem, este vocabulrio bsico era visto no avio, navio,
nos campos de batalha.
Com o passar do tempo, outros contextos sociais foram surgindo, como: a
necessidade de leitura de livros, revistas, catlogos, instrues operacionais, manuais
escritos em ingls que precisavam ser compreendidos pelos usurios, etc. Sendo
assim, torna-se necessrio uma abordagem especfica da lngua Inglesa, que atenda as
necessidades profissionais dos estudantes, que so leitura e compreenso de livros.
E assim, o Ingls Instrumental possui o objetivo de desenvolver a habilidade de
leitura, isto , de compreenso de textos de diversas reas do conhecimento escritos
em lngua inglesa, utilizando para isso estratgias de leitura, a fim de tornar o aluno
capaz de compreender um texto da sua rea de estudo.
Nesse enfoque, a leitura conta com o conhecimento prvio dos leitores. O ingls
instrumental consiste no treinamento instrumental dessa lngua, em que as
habilidades tm por objetivo extrair conhecimentos para reas especficas de estudo.
Vale lembrar que o ingls instrumental ou tcnico pode ou no visar a
comunicao oral em ingls, entretanto, para os cursos de WEB e REDES sua principal
habilidade a ser trebalhada ser a leitura e o estudo de gramtica, restringindo-a a um
mnimo necessrio, ou seja, associando-a ao texto.
Mtodo
Desenvolve a leitura ("reading") de forma limitada a um objetivo especfico,
atravs da habilidade de manipular textos em lngua inglesa, tentando assimilar a
compreenso geral e inferir informaes especficas. A gramtica ensinada de forma
contextualizada a um objetivo especfico.
Traduo os textos
Para nosso curso no h traduo, porm outros mtodos so utilizados como,
por exemplo: deduo, contexto semntico, reconhecimento de afixos, cognatos e
vocabulrio da rea.
Como sero as aulas?
As aulas sero ministradas em portugus, pois no curso no sero trabalhadas
as habilidades da fala, de compreenso oral e de escrita.

No haver traduo literal, outras estratgias sero utilizadas como por

exemplo, deduo, cognatos, familiares, dicas tipogrficas e outros.
Muitos exerccios de leitura e compreenso de textos, os quais vocs podero
aplicar as estratgias de leitura que sero ensinadas.
O ingls instrumental poder abrir seus horizontes de leitura e assim voc se manter
mais informado e prximo ao mundo globalizado

TESTE: COMO EST O SEU INGLS?

Leia atentamente o texto abaixo e assinale a opo correta para cada questo.
1
A computer is a programmable machine that stores and retrieves data and
performs high-speed logical and mathematical operations. However, it is not able to
think. It accepts data and instructions as input, and after processing them, it outputs the
results.
4
When we talk about computers, we have to consider the hardware and the
software. The hardware consists of all the electronic and mechanical parts that make up
a computer system, and the software is the collection of data and programs needed to
solve problems with a computer.
QUESTES DE 1 A 11
1) O melhor ttulo para o texto seria:
a) The history of Computers
b) What is a computer?
c) Hardware x Software
2) uma idia presente no texto:
a) o computador resolve problemas atravs do seu prprio raciocnio.
b) o hardware mais importante para o computador do que o software.
c) o processamento de dados composto de trs etapas.
3) Do texto, podemos inferir que:
a) o computador se presta a diversas aplicaes por causa da sua versatilidade.
b) o computador est se tornando cada dia menor e mais barato.
c) o computador a inveno humana que mais evoluiu nas ltimas dcadas.
4) (...) the software is the collection of data and programs needed to solve problems
with a computer. A idia contida na orao acima est associada a:
a) It basically consists of the systems analysts, the programmers, the operators and the
technical managers.
b) It is the collection of man-written solutions, as well as all documents to guide the
operation of a computer.
c) It consists of several units: the CPU, the main memory, and the peripherals known as
input and output devices.
5) No trecho selecionado para a questo 4, a palavra programs pode ser entendida
como:
a) canais
b) jogos
c) instrues
6) A pergunta que pode ser respondida com base nas informaes contidas no texto :
a) Quem inventou o computador?
b) O que significa software?
c) O que um dispositivo de entrada?
7) A opo na qual a palavra computer exerce a funo de modificador :
a) computer (I. 1)
4

b) computers (I. 4)
c) computer (I. 5)
8) O melhor pargrafo para finalizar o texto seria:
a) Fourth-generation computers are rather faster than third-generation computers and
can complete thousands of instructions at a time.
b) On the backside of the computer, there are several slots into which we can connect a
wide range of peripherals.
c) In only a short time, the computer has changed the way in which many jobs are done
and has become part of our everyday lives.
9) De acordo com o texto e com as informaes abaixo faa a correspondncia entre as
palavras ( esquerda) e as definies ( direita)
a) computer game
( ) The study and development of computer systems, hardware
and software.
b) computer graphics

) All of the hardware and software that can interact with a

particular computer.
c) computer science

( ) Charts, graphs, diagrams, or pictures produced with the aid

of a computer.
d) computer security

( ) A computer program designed for amusement or instruction.

e)computer system ( )The process of protecting a computer system from access by

virus or

unauthorized persons.

10) Os fatos abaixo esto relacionados com a histria do computador. Numere-os de 1

a 5, partindo do mais antigo para o mais recente.
(
(
(
(
(

) In the 17th and 18th centuries, many ways of calculating were invented.
) The first analog computer was used in World War II.
) The primitive calculating device was the fingers of a mans hands.
) Howard Aiken invented the first digital computer, called Mark 1.
) The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820.

11) Identifique as partes componentes do computador abaixo:

Monitor Screen Keyboard Mouse CD-Rom Drive Disk Drive Scanner

Printer CD-Rom - Floppy Disk/Diskette
5

12) Complete a coluna de exemplos da tabela com as partes identificadas na figura:

Type

Description

Storage
devices

Provide permanent storage for data and

programs.

Input devices

Enable data to go into the computers

memory.

Output
devices

Enable users to extract information from

the system.

Example
a)
_______________________
__
b)
_______________________
__
c)
_______________________
__
d)
_______________________
__
e)
_______________________
__

13)
a)

A orao que melhor resume as idias contidas no texto, na figura e na tabela :

Most computers are equipped with data communication facilities.

b)

Computers are also used in education and business.

c)

A computer is not only a machine but also a system.

ABILITIES AND OTHER FACILITATORS

Cognates: so palavras de origem grega ou latina bem parecidas com as do
portugus.
Ex. different diferente, infection infeco.
Obs.: Ateno com os falsos cognatos. Ex. pretend no significa pretender, mas sim,
fingir; importante observar se a palavra se encaixa no contexto.
Repeated words: se uma palavra aparece vrias vezes no texto, isto significa que ela
importante para a compreenso do mesmo.
Typographical Evidences: so smbolos, letras maisculas, negrito, itlico, etc., que
do dicas teis sobre o texto.
Selectivity: leitura seletiva, isto , selecionar os trechos onde se quer encontrar uma
determinada informao (pargrafos, por exemplo).
Dictionary: o dicionrio deve ser utilizado como ltimo recurso para se descobrir o significado
de uma palavra ou expresso desconhecida. Isso para que a leitura no seja lenta demais, e para
que o leitor no desanime tendo que parar toda vez que encontrar algo desconhecido.
6

ESTRATGIAS DE LEITURA
Skimming: leitura rpida para ter-se uma idia central do texto.
Scanning: leitura com objetivo de encontrar algumas informaes especficas no texto.
Prediction: significa inferir o contedo de um texto atravs de seu conhecimento prvio
sobre o tema (background); atravs do contexto semntico (palavras de um mesmo
grupo, por exemplo: hospital, nurse, doctor, ambulance); contexto lingstico (pistas
gramaticais); contexto no-lingstico (gravuras, grficos, tabelas, nmeros, etc.);
conhecimento sobre estrutura do texto (lay out, ttulo, subttulo, diviso de pargrafos,
etc.).
Vale ressaltar a importncia do conhecimento prvio do leitor e das suas expectativas e
dedues em relao ao texto.
COGNATOS
Muito comuns na Lngua Inglesa, os cognatos so palavras de procedncia grega
ou latina, bastantes parecidas com as da Lngua Portuguesa, tanto na forma, como no
significado.
Os cognatos podem ser:

Idnticos:
Exs.: radio, piano, hospital, hotel, sofa, nuclear, social, total, particular, chance, camera,
inventor, etc.

Bastante parecidos:
Exs.: gasoline, banks, inflation, intelligent, population, revolution, commercial, attention,
different, products, secretary, billion, dramatic, deposits, distribution, automatic,
television, public, events, models, etc.

Vagamente parecidos:
Exs.: electricity, responsible, explain, activity, impossible, lamp, company, etc.

PALAVRAS FAMILIARES (ESTRANGEIRISMOS)

Familiares so palavras conhecidas pela maioria das pessoas que vive em um pas
altamente influenciado pela cultura dos pases de Lngua Inglesa. No tm a mesma
origem das palavras da Lngua Portuguesa.
Alguns exemplos de Familiares:
Software
Fast food

Windows
Video game

Hot dog
Credit card

Diet
Mouse
7

Delivery
Shows
Hamburguer

Dollar
Moto/Office Boy
Play

Marketing
Site
DVD / CD

Light
Drive-thru
Record

COGNATOS

Leia os segmentos abaixo e selecione todas as palavras que se paream com o

Portugus e aquelas que so usadas da mesma forma tanto na Lngua Inglesa como
na Lngua Portuguesa.
a.
Computers are electronic machines that process information. They can perform
complex operations in a fraction of time. But, they cant think.
b.
Computers are divided into two parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to
the actual equipment and software refers to the programs that control and coordinate
the activities of the computer.
c.
The CPU is the part of a computer that executes the arithmetic and logic
operations. It controls all the computer activities.
d.
Memory is the storage area where a computer saves or retrieve data. It is
expressed as quantities of K. For example, each K is equal to 1,024 bytes and each
byte is equal to 8 bits.
e.
A mouse is a device that has a ball underneath. It is used to point the cursor at
different parts of the screen or at specials symbols called icons.
f.
There are many different high-level languages. Each one has its advantage or
disadvantage. COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN, ALGOL and PASCAL are examples of highlevel languages.
g.
Data put into a computer is INPUT. The input is processed according to the
program that is being used. The results of processing are called OUTPUT.
h.
Film transparent de qualit suprieure. Faites de votre imprimante couleur HP
Deskjet une machine fabriquer ls transparents pour rtroprojecteur. (Hewlett
Packard)

SKIMMING

Leia os segmentos abaixo e utilizando os cognatos e familiares identifique o

assunto abordado em cada um deles:
1) One of the most impressive sights in Paris, this construction was built in the second
half of the 19th century as an ornament, presumably to show the possibilities of steel,
and to allow Parisians to see their own city from above. Now a major tourist attraction
for visitors from all over the world and a site for TV and radio transmissions. It is linked
in the worlds mind with the image of France and Paris.
- ____________________________________________.
8

2) In computer science, a popular pointing input device, used mostly for playing
computer games but used for other tasks as well. It usually has a square or rectangular
plastic base to which is attached a vertical stem. Control buttons are located on the
base and sometimes on top of the stem. The stem can be moved to control the
movement of an object on the screen.
- ____________________________________________.
3) A computer peripheral that puts text or image on paper or on another medium, such
as a transparency. They can be categorized in any of several ways. The most common
distinction is impact x, non impact. Impact physically strike the paper and are
exemplified by dot-matrix; non impact include every other type of print mechanism
including laser, ink-jet and thermal.
- ____________________________________________.
4) Alcoholic drink produced originally in Scotland, Ireland and USA, by fermenting
certain cereal grains and then distilling to produce a light-colored liquid containing about
40% alcohol. It is drunk with or without ice, soda or according to taste.
- ____________________________________________.
5) A common pointing device. Its basic features are a casing with a flat bottom, designed
to be gripped by one hand; one or more buttons on the top; a ball on the bottom; and a
cable connecting it to the computer. By moving it on a surface, the user typically controls
a cursor. To select items or choose commands on the screen, the user presses one of
the buttons, producing a click._________________________________.

Scanning

Complete the chart using the information from the texts below:

1. Czechoslovakias minister of Finance,

and
Vaclav Klaus, an advocate of free-market
was
economic reforms, has emerged as his
Prize
countrys fastest-rising politician. At a
recent congress of the Civic Forum, the
with
the coalition that toppled the Communist
Crichton in
regime, Klaus was elected chairman, overwhelming the candidate supported by
President Vaclav Havel. Last week in
Prague, Klaus, 49, talked with NewsWeeks Andrew Nagorski about the
Significance of his upset victory.

2. Last week Mexican poet

essayist Octavio Paz, 76,
awarded this years Nobel
in Literature. A day after the
announcement, Paz met
Newsweeks Sarah
New York.

3. Chilean novelist Isabel Allende, 48, a

widely
niece of the late President Salvador
great
Allende, is one of the most celebrated
authors writing in Spanish. While visiting
movement,
Rome to promote the release of her latest
and
book, Stories of Eva Luna, she talked to
directed
Newsweeks Anne Whaley.
Contempt

4. Jean-Luc Godard, 60, is

considered one of the worlds
film directors. A founder of the
French New Wave film
along with Franois Truffaut
Eric Rohmer, Godard has
such modern classics as
Starring Brigitte Bardot and

others.
His latest film, New Wave
features
Alain Delon. Recently, Godard
spoke
with Newsweeks Benjamin Iury
at
at his office in Rolle,
Switzerland.

10

Name
Isabel Allende

Age

Nationality

Occupation

76
Czech
Film Director

PREDICTION

Correspondncia
a) Suponhamos que voc acaba de receber um carto-postal de um amigo que est viajando.
O carto pegou chuva e algumas palavras desapareceram. Tente descobrir que palavra foi
apagada em cada lacuna atravs da previsibilidade fornecida pelo contexto.
Querido_________________________,
A

viagem

est

sendo

__________________ .Tenho____ divertido bastante

por aqui. H muitas ______________ para fazer
durante a noite: vrios bares, restaurantes, cinemas e
teatros e _______________ variedade de shows. A
cidade ________________ bonita, com uma
geografia encantadora. Ontem __________o Po de
Acar com meus primos. A subida do bondinho d
um __________na barriga, mas vale a pena vencer o
medo. A _________ l do alto do morro fantstica!
Espero ________ tudo esteja bem a com
vocs. Volto __________ uma semana. Um
grande abrao e at a ________________
b) Como voc descobriu as palavras que faltavam?
______________________________________

11

c) Apesar de o nome da cidade visitada pelo seu amigo no estar mencionada no

carto, ela pode ser facilmente reconhecida. Que meios voc utilizou para a
deduo? _____________________
d) De que modo seu conhecimento de mundo pode ajud-lo a fazer inferncias?
_______________
______________________________________________________________________
1- Quais os diferentes tipos de texto que voc conhece?
______________________________________________________________________
2- Que estratgias voc utiliza para deduzir o assunto de um texto nas seguintes
situaes:
a) Voc encontra um grupo de amigos conversando e descobre que perdeu metade
da conversa.
______________________________________________________________________
b) Voc liga a televiso e ouve a notcia que lhe interessa pela metade.
______________________________________________________________________
c) Voc chega atrasado ao cinema e perde os primeiros minutos do filme.
___________________________________________________________________

What is a browser, and what browsers

are available?
A browser is a software program used to access and display pages and files on the web.
Browsers require a connection to the Internet (e.g., through a cable modem, a direct
Ethernet connection, or a modem).
Popular web browsers include the following: Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Internet
Explorer, and Safari
Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Netscape, and Safari are graphical web browsers that
can access text, graphics, sound, and other media. These browsers offer a graphical
user interface in which you use a mouse to navigate. Firefox, Internet Explorer, and
Netscape are available for both Windows and Macintosh computers; Safari is available
only for Mac OS X.
Firefox is available to Indiana University users in all of the Student Technology Centers
(STCs). Netscape and Internet Explorer are available in the Windows STCs; Safari is
available in the Macintosh STCs. All are available via IUware at: http://iuware.iu.edu/
12

1) O que um Browser e para que usado? (Resposta em portugus)

______________________________________________________________________
______________
2) De acordo com o texto, quais so os Browsers mais populares? (Resposta em
portugus)
______________________________________________________________________
______________
3) O que estes browsers oferecem?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
4) Para

onde

Firefox

est

disponvel?

___________________________________________________
5) Para

onde

Safari

est

disponvel?

____________________________________________________
6) Qual o tipo de texto?
_______________________________________________________________
7) Circule todas as palavras cognatas no texto.
8) Relacione todas as palavras familiares do texto e d a traduo.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

FALSOS COGNATOS
Tambm chamados de falsos amigos, os falsos cognatos so palavras
normalmente derivadas do latim, que tm portanto a mesma origem e que
aparecem em diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, mas que ao longo
dos tempos acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes.
Abaixo est a tabela de falsos cognatos.
EM INGLS
ACTUAL

SIGNIFICA EM
PORTUGUS
REAL

MAS PARECE SER

ATUAL

ACTUALLY

NA VERDADE

ATUALMENTE

QUE EM
INGLS
PRESENT
NOWADAYS,
TODAY
13

ADVERTISE
ALUMNUS

ANNCIO
EX-ALUNO

ADVERTIR
ALUNO

AMASS
APPLICATION
APPOINTMENT
ARGUMENT
ASSIST

ACUMULAR
INSCRIO
HORA MARCADA
DISCUSSO
AJUDAR

AMASSAR
APLICAO
APONTAMENTO
ARGUMENTO
ASSISTIR

ATTEND

FREQUENTAR

ATENDER

AUDIENCE
AVAILABLE
BALCONY
BARRACS
BATON
BEEF

PLATIA, PBLICO
DISPONVEL
SACADA
QUARTEL
BATUTA, CACETETE
CARNE DE GADO

AUDINCIA
AVALIAR
BALCO
BARRACA
BATOM
BIFE

BOND
CAFETERIA

LAO, LIGAO
REFEITRIO

BUNDE
CAFETERIA

CAMERA
CARTON
CASUALTY
CIGAR
COLLAR
COLLEGE

MQ. FOTOGRFICA
CAIXA DE PAPELO
FATALIDADE
CHARUTO
GOLA, COLARINHO
FACULDADE
ARTIGO,
MERCADORIA

CMARA
CARTO
CASUALIDADE
CIGARRO
COLAR
COLGIO

BSSOLA
CONCORRNCIA

COMPASSO
COMPETIO

COMPLETO, TOTAL
COBRADOR
COMPETIO,
CONCURSO
PRTICO
CONDENADO

COMPREENSIVO
CONDUTOR

ROUPA, FANTASIA
DADOS,
INFORMAES

COSTUME

LOGRO, FRAUDE
DECORAR(ORNAMEN
TAR)
RU
PROJETO, CRIAO,
ESTILO

DECEPO
DECORAR(SABER DE
COR)
DEFENDER

COMMODITY
COMPASS
COMPETITION
COMPREHENS
IVE
CONDUCTOR
CONTEST
CONVENIENT
CONVICT
COSTUME
DATA
DECEPTION
DECORATE
DEFENDANT
DESIGN

COMODIDADE

CONTEXTO
CONVENIENTE
CONVICTO

DATA

DESIGNAR

WARN
PUPIL
WRINKLE,
DENT, CRUSH
INVESTMENT
NOTE
REASONING
ATTEND
ANSWER,
SERVE
COURT
APPEARENCE
EVALUATE
COUNTER
HUT, TENT
LIPSTICK
STEAK
STREERCAR,
TRAM
COFFEE SHOP
CHAMBER,
TUBE
CARD
CASUALLNESS
CIGARETTE
NECKLACE
HIGH SCHOOL
COMFORT
A PAIR OF
COMPASSES
CONTEST
UNDERSTANDI
NG
DRIVER
CONTEXT
APPROPRIATE
CERTAIN
CUSTOM,
HABIT
DATE
DISAPPOINTME
NT
MEMORIZE
DEFEND
APPOINT
14

DISGUST
DIVERT
EDITOR
EDUCATED
EMISSION
ENROLL
ESTATE
EXCITING
EXIT
EXPERT
EXQUISITE
FABRIC

NUSEA
DESVIAR
REDATOR
INSTRUDO
DESCARGA
ALISTAR-SE
PROPRIEDADE,
IMVEL
EMPOLGANTE
SADA
PERITO
APURADO
TECIDO

DESGOSTO
DIVERTIR
EDITOR
EDUCADO
EMISSO
ENROLLAR

GRIEF
ENJOY
PUBLISHER
POLITE
ISSUE
WIND, CURL

ESTADO
EXCITANTE
XITO
ESPERTO
ESQUISITO
FBRICA

CONHECIDO
ARQUIVO
AGARRAR FIRME
DECLARAO DE
IMPOSTO DE RENDA
CRIATIVO,
INGENIOUS
ENGENHOSO
INGENUITY
ENGENHOSIDADE
INJURY
FERIMENTO
INJURY
FERIMENTO
RAVAO EM
INSCRIPTION RELEVO
INTEND
PRETENDER
INTOXICATION EMBRIAGUEZ
INTRODUCE
APRESENTAR
JOURNAL
PERIDICO
NUM DADO
JUST
MOMENTO, APENAS
LAMP
LUMINRIA
LARGE
GRANDE
LECTURE
PALESTRA
LEGEND
LENDA
LIBRARY
BIBLIOTECA
LUNCH
ALMOO
LUXURY
LUXO

FAMILIAR
FILA
GRIPE
DEVOLUO DE
IMPOSTO DE RENDA

STATE
THRILLING
SUCCESS
SMART
WEIRD
FACTORY
MEMBER OF
THE FAMILY
LINE, QUEUE
COLD
INCOME TAX
REFUND

INGNUO
INGENUIDADE
INJRIA
INJURIA

NAIVE
NAIVETY
INSULT
INSULT

INSCRIO
ENTENDER
INTOXICAO
INTRODUZIR
JORNAL
JUSTO(APERTADO - DE
JUSTIA)
LMPADA
LARGO
LEITURA
LEGENDA
LIVRARIA
LANCHE
LUXRIA

APPLICATION
UNDERSTAND
POISONING
INSERT
NEWSPAPER

MAGAZINE

MAGAZINE

TIGHT - FAIR
LIGHT BULB
WIDE
READING
SUBTITLE
BOOKSTORE
SNACK
LUST
DEPARTMENT
STORE

MANEJAR
MAIOR
MISTURE
MOROSO
NOTCIA
NOVELA
OFICIAL
ORDINRIO

HANDLE
BIGGER
MIXTURE
SLOW
NEWS
SOAP OPERA
OFFICIAL
VULGAR

FAMILIAR
FILE
GRIP
INCOME TAX
RETURN

MANAGE
MAYOR
MOISTURE
MOROSE
NOTICE
NOVEL
OFFICE
ORDINARY

REVISTA
ADMINISTRAR,
CONSEGUIR
PREFEITO
UMIDADE
RABUGENTO
PERCEBER
ROMANCE
ESCRITRIO
COMUM

15

ORE
PARENTS
PARTICULAR

MINRIO
PAIS
ESPECFICO

MASSA
MDICO
POLTICA, NORMA
PORTO
CARREGADOR
PRECONCEITO
RECEITAR
LOGO, EM BREVE
FINGIR
IMPEDIR
CONSEGUIR,
PROCURE
ADQUIRIR
PROFESSOR DE
PROFESSOR
UNIVERSIDADE
DIVULGAODE
PROPAGANDA IDIAS
APROPRIADO,
PROPER
ADEQUADO
PULL
PUXAR
PUSH
EMPURRAR

PASTA
FSICO
POLCIA
PORTA
PORTEIRO
PREJUZO
PRESCREVER
PRESENTEMENTE
PRETENDER
PREVENIR

GOLD
RELATIVES
PRIVATE
FOLDER,
PASTE
PHYSICAL
POLICE
DOOR
DOORMAN
DAMAGE
EXPIRE
NOW
INTEND
WARN

PROCURAR

LOOK FOR

PROFESSOR

TEACHER
ADVERTISEME
NT

RANGE
REALIZE
RECLAIM

VARIAR, COBRIR
PERCEBER
RECUPERAR

RANGER
REALIZAR
RECLAMAR

RECORD
REPORT
REQUIREMEN
T
RESPITE
RESUME
RSUM
RETIRE
SCHOLAR
SENSIBLE
SORT
STABLE
STRANGER
STUPID

GRAVAR, DISCO
RELATRIO

RECORDAR
REPRTER

REQUISITO
INTERVALO, PAUSA
RECOMEAR
CURRCULO
APOSENTAR
ERUDITO, LETRADO
SENSATO
ESPCIE, ESCOLHER
FIRME, ESTVEL
DESCONHECIDO
BURRO

REQUERIMENTO
RESPEITO
RESUMIR
RESUMO
RETIRAR
ESCOLAR
SENSIVEL
SORTE
ESTBULO
ESTRANGEIRO
ESTPIDO

SUPPORT

SUSTENTAR, APOIAR SUPORTAR

PASTA
PHYSICIAN
POLICY
PORT
PORTER
PREJUDICE
PRESCRIBE
PRESENTLY
PRETEND
PREVENT

COMPREENSIVO,
SYMPATHETIC SOLIDRIO
TAX
IMPOSTO

OURO
PARENTES
PARTICULAR

PROPAGANDA
PRPRIO
PULAR
PUXAR

SIMPTICO
TAXA

OWN
JUMP
PULL
CREAK,
GUARDA
FLORESTAL
ACCOMPLISH
COMPLAIN
REMEMBER,
RECALL
REPORTER
REQUEST,
PETITION
RESPECT
SUMMARIZE
SUMMARY
WITHDRAW
SCHOOLBOY
SENSITIVE
LUCK
BARN
FOREIGNER
RUDE
BEAR, STAND,
TOLERATE
NICE,
PLEASANT,
FRIENDLY
FEE
16

TEMPER
TENANT
TENTATIVE
TURN
TUTOR
UNIQUE
USE
VEGETABLES
VINE
VOYAGE

TEMPERAMENTO,
GNIO
INQUILINO
PROVISRIO
VEZ, VOLTA
PROFESSOR
PARTICULAR
DIFERENTE, SEM
IGUAL
UTILIZAR, USAR
VERDURAS,
LEGUMES
VINHA, VIDEIRA
VIAGEM DE BARCO,
NAVE ESPACIAL

TEMPERO
TENENTE
TENTATIVA
TURNO

CONDIMENT
LIEUTENANT
ATTEMPT, TRY
SHIFT

TUTOR

GUARDIAN

NICO
USAR (VESTIR)

THE ONLY ONE

WEAR

VEGETAIS
VINHO

PLANTS
WINE
JOURNEY, TRIP,
TRAVEL

VIAGEM

Exercite no texto abaixo alguns falsos cognatos:

A DAY AT WORK
In the morning I attended a meeting between management and union representatives.
The discussion was very comprehensive, covering topics like working hours, days off,
retirement age, etc. Both sides were interested in an agreement and ready to
compromise. The secretary recorded everything in the notes. Eventually, they
decided to set a new meeting to sign the final draft of the agreement.
Back at the office, a colleague of mine asked me if I had realized that the proposed
agreement would be partially against the company policy not to accept workers that
have already retired. I pretended to be really busy and late for an appointment, and
left for the cafeteria. Actually, I didn't want to discuss the matter at that particular
moment because there were some strangers in the office.
After lunch I attended a lecture given by the mayor, who is an expert in tax legislation
and has a graduate degree in political science. He said his government intends to
assist welfare programs and senior citizens, raise funds to improve college education
and build a public library, and establish tougher limits on vehicle emissions because
he assumes this is what the people expect from the government.

Escreva o verdadeiro significado das palavras em destaque:

___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
___________________ ___________________ _________________
Texto e lista extrados do site www.sk.com.br , autor Ricardo Schtz, 1999

17

USO DO DICIONRIO
O dicionrio uma fonte de muitos tipos de informaes sobre palavras.
Veja o exemplo abaixo:
COMPUTER:
(KAMPJULTER). An electronic machine that can be supplied with a program.
Voc pode notar que podemos encontrar:
- A representao fontica das palavras
- Abreviaturas
- Significado das palavras
- Classe gramatical das palavras
Veja o exemplo seguinte e responda:
1. Qual a representao fontica da palavra look?
2. Quantos significados ela pode ter como substantivo? E como verbo?
3. Qual a primeira expresso mencionada?
4. Qual o significado de to look for?
Look (luk) s. 1. Olhar m., olhadela f. 2. Expresso f. aspecto m// v. 1 Olhar 2.
Contemplar, observar. 3. /considerar. 4. Prestar ateno. 5. Ter vista para. 6. Parecer. 7.
Inspecionar, examinar
Have a ~ at It d uma olhada nisto. It ~s like rain est com aspecto de chuva, ameaa
chover. ~ out seja cuidadoso. To ~ after 1. Procurar 2. Cuidar de. To ~ down upon
Adaptado do dicionrio Ingls/Portugus Michaellis
Verbos
Quando voc procura um verbo no dicionrio geralmente encontra a base do verbo, por
exemplo: look, work, teach. Mas, quando lemos textos encontramos os verbos sob
diferentes formas: looking, worked, teaches. Quando o verbo irregular encontramos a
seguinte explicao no dicionrio: Fell/fel/ v. passado de fall. Assim, ter que procurar o
verbo na sua forma base (fall), para encontrar a definio da palavra.
Observe os seguintes exemplos em Portugus e Ingls. Quais as semelhanas na
forma de utilizao das palavras no Portugus e no Ingls?
1. Ele apagou as velas.
2. Tenho que limpar as velas do carro.
3. O marinheiro levantou as velas do barco.
4. Eu no vou ao cinema com eles porque detesto segurar vela.
claro que o contexto sempre importante para a compreenso das palavras que tm
vrios significados diferentes. Em Ingls tambm o contexto muito importante para a
interpretao adequada dos vocbulos.
1. The waiter fills their glasses with champagne.
2. She went to the optician for a new pair of glasses.
3. This window is made of glass.
4. I like computers.
5. OS2 operating system is like Ms DOS
18

Voc precisa ter em mente que na leitura de textos tcnicos voc encontrar vrias
palavras em ingls que talvez j faam parte de seu vocabulrio, mas que nesse
contexto iro adquirir novos significados.
Qual a traduo mais adequada para os vocbulos em negrito?
1. I will substitute my computer by a notebook.
2. I need a new notebook for my English classes
3. I need the key to open the door.
4. To enter the program, press any key.
5. I have to save money to by a new car.
6. Dont forget to save the file before turning off the computer.
(Atividade adaptada da apostila elaborada pelas professoras Mrcia C. Bonamim e
Magali N. de Paula)
Abreviaturas mais comuns encontradas nos dicionrios
f. feminino
m. masculino
m. pl = masculino plural
p.p. = particpio passado
pl = plural
pop. = popular
pref. = prefixo
prep. = preposio
pret. = pretrito
pron. = pronome
s. substantivo
s.pl = plural
sg. = singular
sup. = superlativo
v. = verbo
var. = variante de
Smbolos Comuns:
separao da categoria morfolgica
~ substitui a palavra de entrada (ou seja, a palavra que se est consultando)
Smbolos fonticos: Formas de pronncia
Vogais / Ditongos / Semivogais / Consoantes
Sinal que significa acentuao
Sinal : que significa prolongao
NOTA: Observar sempre a organizao do dicionrio (guia fontico)

19

DOUBLE SENSE WORDS

comum a todas as lnguas a ocorrncia de palavras com significado ou funo
gramatical mltiplos. Freqentemente este mltiplo sentido em um idioma no tem
correspondente em outro. Quer dizer: os termos nem sempre cobrem as mesmas reas
de significado entre diferentes idiomas. Este fenmeno, tambm chamado de
polissemia, ocorre com qualquer idioma; assim como o portugus, o ingls tambm tem
inmeras palavras de mltiplo significado. , entretanto a ocorrncia do fenmeno na
lngua me do aluno que causa maior dificuldade. Partir do geral para o particular
sempre mais difcil do que o inverso.
Portanto, sempre que diferentes idias representadas pela mesma palavra na lngua
me do aluno corresponderem a diferentes palavras na segunda lngua, o mesmo ter
dificuldades em expressar-se corretamente. As diferentes palavras do ingls que
correspondem aos diferentes significados da palavra do portugus podem
eventualmente funcionar como sinnimos, portanto neutralizando o contraste entre os
dois idiomas. O objetivo, entretanto, mostrar os contrastes nas ocorrncias mais
usuais do vocabulrio ingls moderno.

Abstract

Primeiro
significado
Abstrato

Affiliate

Filiar-se

Affluent

Afluente
Paciente de
Ambulatrio
Apologia

Segundo
significado
Resumo
Determinar
Paternidade
Rico
Capaz de
Caminhar
Desculpas

Aplicao

Requerimento

Aplicar
Argumento
Arma
Bacharel
Balana

Inscrever-se
Discusso
Brao
Solteiro
Equilbrio
Baile, Bala
(projtil)
Barra
Morcego
Carimbar

Ingls

Ambulant
Apology
Applicatio
n
Apply
Argument
Arm
Bachelor
Balance
Ball

Bola

Bar
Bat
Cancel

Bar
Basto de beisebol
Cancelar

20

Capital
Case
Cell

Capital
Caso
Clula

Character

Carter

China
Class
Classified
Club
Coll
Collect
Compass
Confirmed
Consisten
t
Content
Date
Directory

China
Classe
Classificado
Clube
Fresco
Colecionar
Compasso
Confirmado

Easy

Fcil

Effective
Entertain

Efetivo
Entreter
Faculdade
(mental)
Figura
Fixar
General
Individual
Interesse
Justo
Legenda
Letra
Ligar (Relacionar)
Major
Manifesto
Marca
Massa
Matria
Medicina
Mover
Observar

Faculty
Figure
Fix
General
Individual
Interest
Just
Legend
Letter
Match
Major
Manifest
Mark
Mass
Matter
Medicine
Move
Observe

Consistente
Contente
Date
Diretoria

Maiscula
Estojo
Cela
Personagem,
caractere
Porcelana
Aula
Confidencial
Taco de golfe
Legal
Cobrar, coletar
Bssola
Inveterado
Compatvel
Contedo
Tmara, Encontro
Lista telefnica
Em Paz /
Confortvel
Verdadeiro
Receber visitas
Corpo Docente
Nmero
Consertar
Geral
Indivduo
Juros
Apenas
Lenda
Carta
Partida (Jogo)
Principal
bvio
Nota
Missa
Assunto
Remdio
Mudar
Celebrar
21

Official
Oil
Operator
Order
Park
Period
Plant
Principal
Pupil
Race

Oficial
leo
Operador
Ordem
Parque
Perodo
Planta
Principal
Pupila
Raa

Rare

Raro

Record
Rest
Retire
Roll
Save
Scale
Sequel
Spectacle
s
Spirits
Story
Subject
To Play
Turkey
Vice

Recorde
Resto
Retirar
Rolo
Salvar
Escala
Sequela

Autoridade
Petrleo
Telefonista
Pedido
Estacionar
Menstruao
Fbrica
Diretor da escola
Aluno
Corrida
Mal passado
(carne)
Gravar
Descansar
Aposentar
Lista
Economizar
Balana
Sequencia

Espetculos

culos

Espritos
Estria
Sujeito
Jogar/ Brincar
Turquia
Vice

Bebida alcolica
Pavimento, andar
Assunto
Tocar / Imitar
Peru
Vcio

EXERCCIOS
A) Assinale o significado correto das palavras em destaque nas sentenas:
1) I need to cancel your documents.
( ) cancelar
( ) carimbar
2) She is the principal of the school.
( ) diretora
( ) principal
3) His mark was terrible.
( ) marca
( ) nota
4) The operator (a) gave me the wrong number of the plant (b).
a- ( ) operador
( ) telefonista
b- ( ) planta
( ) fbrica

22

5) We are lost. We need a compass now.

( ) bssola
( ) compasso
6) He is the most famous bachelor of the party.
( ) bacharel
( ) solteiro
7) Do you know the capital (a) of China (b)?
a- ( ) capital
( ) principal
b- ( ) porcelana ( ) China
8) Brasilia is the capital of Brazil.
( ) capital
( ) maiscula
9) I use capital letter to write my name.
( ) capital
( )maiscula
10) I appreciate Chinese china.
( ) porcelana
( ) China
11) John collects caps.
( ) coleciona ( ) cobrou
B) D os respectivos significados das palavras repetidas em cada segmento:
1) a) Mike is not married. He is a bachelor.
b) He finished the college last year. Now, he is a bachelor in Biology.
2) We have a directory in order to look for the telephone numbers of the students. This
directory is in the directory of the school.
3) The character of this film has a bad character.
4) You have to write the names of the capitals with capital letters.

MOUSE MEMORIES
In 1968 Douglas Engelbart demoed a strange device called a mouse. Last week 1.500
people gathered at Stanford University to honor him. Speakers stressed that Engelbarts
contributions went beyond the mouse.
His Stanford computer was the second one to hook up to ARPAnet, the Internets
predecessor, and he developed the first use of multiple windows. More important,
Engelbart strove to enhance human intelligence, thus improving our ability to solve
problems.
Well click to that.
(Newsweek, December 28, 1998)
(SCANNING) Responda as questes abaixo:
1) O que aconteceu:
a) em 1968?
23

______________________________________________________________________
________
b) durante a semana anterior a 28 de dezembro de 1998?
______________________________________________________________________
________
2) Na frase: Well click to that, o termo em destaque passa a idia de:
a) discordar
b) aprovar
c) rejeitar
d) aplaudir
3) Verdadeiro ou Falso:
Segundo os oradores, o trabalho de Engelbart restringiu-se criao do mouse. (cite a
linha do texto em que se encontra essa informao)
______________________________________________________________________
4) De onde foi retirado o texto lido?
a) de um jornal
b) da internet
c) de um livro
d) de uma revista
5) Faa, em portugus, um breve resumo sobre o texto.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________

A HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER: NETWORK

Timesharing, the concept of linking a large numbers of users to a single computer via
remote terminals, is developed at MIT in the late 50s and early 60s.
1962: Paul Baran of RAND develops the idea of distributed, packet-switching networks.
24

ARPANET goes online in 1969.

Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf develop the basic ideas of the Internet in 1973.
In 1974 BBN opens the first public packet-switched network - Telenet.
A UUCP link between the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke
University establishes USENET in 1979. The first MUD is also developed in 1979, at the
University of Essex.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) is established as the
standard for ARPANET in 1982.
1987: the number of network hosts breaks 10,000.
1989: the number of hosts breaks 100,000.
Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web. CERN releases the first Web server in
1991.
1992: the number of hosts breaks 1,000,000.
The World Wide Web sports a growth rate of 341,634% in service traffic in its third year,
1993.
The main U.S. Internet backbone traffic begins routing through commercial providers as
NSFNET reverts to a research network in 1994.
The Internet 1996 World Exposition is the first World's Fair to be held on the internet.
1)
Quando
a
ARPANET
foi
________________________________________________________

ao

ar?

2) O que fizeram Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf?

_________________________________________________
3) Escreva um pargrafo informando o assunto tratado no texto.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
4) O que TCP/IP em ingls? (traduza para o portugus)

5) Qual o significado do termo World Wide Web?

CONECTORES
1. ADIO:
- and : e
25

- in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover: alm disso

- as well as: assim como
- also: tambm
- apart from: com exceo de
- both....and: ambos; tanto como
- not only ... but also: no apenas...mas tambm
2. CONTRASTE/CONCESSO/ADVERSATIVA:
- but: mas
- however, neverthless: entretanto
- yet: entretanto, ainda
- although, even though, though: embora
- nonetheless, notwithstanding: no obstante
- despite that, in spite of: apesar de
- rather than, instead of: em vez de
- whereas: enquanto
3.

PROPSITO:

- in order to: a fim de

- so as to: de modo que

4. CONSEQUNCIA/CONCLUSO:
- therefore: portanto
- consequently, as a result: consequentemente
- accordingly: de acordo, adequadamente
- hence: pois, ento, da
- thus: assim
- thereby: assim, desse modo
- then: ento
- so: ento, pois
- finally: finalmente
5. ALTERNATIVA

- otherwise: por outro lado

- or: ou
- or else: ou ento, ou ainda
- either ... or: ou... ou
- while, whereas: enquanto

6. REITERAO:
- that is: isto
- in other words: em outras palavras
- in short, in brief: em resumo
- i.e. : (do latim) isto
- that is to say: quer dizer
7. COMPARAO:
- like, as: como
- than: do que
8. ILUSTRAO:
- e.g. : (do latim) por exemplo
- for instance, for example: por exemplo
26

- such as: tal como

- namely: a saber
- viz: (do latim) quer dizer
9. CONDIO:
- if: se
- unless: se no, a menos que
- provided that: uma vez que
- on condition that: desde que
- as long as: uma vez que
- subject to: sujeito a
- wether: se
10.

CAUSA:
- because: porque
- due to: devido a
- as: porque
- since: uma vez que

11.

DVIDA OU HIPTESE:

12.

TEMPORAL: - when: quando

- perhaps, maybe: talvez

- possibly: possivelmente
while: enquanto

GRUPOS NOMINAIS
So grupos de palavras, compostos por duas ou mais palavras que esto
relacionadas entre si, sendo que uma a palavra principal; o substantivo (ncleo), e as
outras so os modificadores; palavras que caracterizam o substantivo.
Exs.: Electric Energy = Energia Eltrica
Private Investors = Investidores Privados
State Government = Governo Estadual
Observe que nos grupos nominais em Ingls a palavra principal, ou seja, o
substantivo (ncleo) sempre a ltima palavra do grupo, ao passo que em portugus
ns comeamos o grupo com ela. Assim, temos:
United Kingdom
Reino Unido

Parliamentary Vote
Voto Parlamentar

Os grupos nominais podem ter mais de um modificador:

Red Cross Emblem = Emblema da Cruz Vermelha
Vrias siglas so iniciais de Grupo Nominais:
VIP
=
Very
Important
________________________________________________
WTC
=
World
Trade
_________________________________________________

Person

Center

27

WHO = World Health Organization =

___________________________________________
NASA = National Air and Space Administration =
_________________________________
USAF = United States Air Force =
______________________________________________
USA
=
United
States
of
America________________________________________________
FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation_______________________________________________
Outros Exemplos:

Modern computer = Computador moderno

Central processor = Processador central
Laser printer = Impressora laser
Personal computer = Computador pessoal

Incredible speed = velocidade incrvel

(ncleo)
Hard disk = disco rgido
(ncleo)
Input devices = dispositivos de entrada

Confirma-se ento que a ordem dos grupos nominais em Ingls INVERSA

ordem em Portugus:
Data Processing = Processamento de dados
Central Processing Unit = Unidade Central de Processamento
Arithmetic and Logic Operations = Operaes lgicas e aritmticas
Operaes aritmticas e lgicas
Electronic machine = Mquina eletrnica

Pense nas seguintes estruturas: Como elas seriam traduzidas para o Portugus?
Car race = ________________________
Exerccios
Race car = ________________________

1) Qual o significado das siglas e as suas respectivas tradues:

a. IMF (International Monetary Fund): ______________________________________
b. NATO (North-Atlantic Treat Organization): _________________________________
c. EEC (European Economic Community): ____________________________________
28

d. UNO (United Nations Organization): ______________________________________

e. USA (United States of America): __________________________________________
f. CPU (______________________________________________________________):
________________________________________________________________
g.RAM(________________________________________________________________
____):_________________________________________________________________
h.ROM(_______________________________________________________________
_____):________________________________________________________________
i. CD (________________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
j.ALU(_________________________________________________________________
___):__________________________________________________________________
k. ALGOL (____________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
l.BASIC(_______________________________________________________________
_____)
m.COBOL(_____________________________________________________________
________)_____________________________________________________________
n. CRT (______________________________________________________________):
_____________________________________________________________________
o. DDD (______________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
p. DOS (______________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
q. IBM (______________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
r.I/ODevices(___________________________________________________________
_________):____________________________________________________________
s. MVS (______________________________________________________________):
______________________________________________________________________
t. PC (________________________________________________________________):
_____________________________________________________________________
u.HTML(_______________________________________________________________
_____):________________________________________________________________

29

v.WWW(_______________________________________________________________
______)_______________________________________________________________
2) Analisando a tela a seguir, indique todos os grupos nominais encontrados,
determinando o Modifier e Head Word. D a traduo de cada um deles:

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

30

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3) Passe os seguintes grupos nominais para o Portugus:

a. Data Communication Processor ____________________________________________
b. Artificial Intelligence ____________________________________________________
c. Backup System _________________________________________________________
d. Secondary Memory _____________________________________________________
e. Control Structure _______________________________________________________
f. Central Processing Unit __________________________________________________
g. Magnetic Tape _________________________________________________________
h. Operating System ______________________________________________________
i. Access Control _________________________________________________________
j. Data Processing Department _______________________________________________
k. Auxiliary Equipment ____________________________________________________
l. Control Circuits _________________________________________________________
m. Automatic electronic devices
-______________________________________________
n. Last generation program ________________________________________________________
o. correctly programmed data ________________________________________________________
31

p. Computer integrated circuits. ______________________________________________________

OBS: Os exemplos dados nas atividades a seguir foram adaptados do livro: Infotech
English for Computer Users.
I)

Os grupos nominais a seguir so bastante simples. So formados pelo

ncleo (head word = HW) que o substantivo e um modificador = Modifier (M),
que pode ser adjetivo ou substantivo. Grife o ncleo (HW) e faa a traduo.

1) Disabled worker = trabalhador incapacitado

2) Rehabilitation engineer =
3) Employs abilities =
4) Pointing device =
5) Speech synthesizer =
6) Disk controller =
II) Nesta segunda atividade temos: o ncleo e dois modificadores (um artigo e um
adjetivo ou substantivo):
1. the major informations = as informaes principais
2. a brief introduction = uma breve introduo (ou uma introduo breve)
3. the English language =
4. the principal program =
5. the file areas =
III) Agora vamos trabalhar com grupos um pouco maiores, compostos de um ncleo
mais dois, trs ou mais adjetivos e/ou substantivos. Esses grupos podem ou no vir
precedidos de artigos.
1. ARP -- (Advanced Research Projects) =
2. ASP -- (Application Service Provider) =
3. AT&T American Telephone & Telegraph Company =
4. CDMA -- (Code Division Multiple Access) =
5. CRM - - (Customer Relationship Management) =
6. DHCP -- (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) =
7. DHTML -- (Dynamic HyperText Markup Language) =
8. DNS (Domain Name System) =
9. DSL -- (Digital Subscriber Line) =
10. Email -- (Electronic Mail) =
11. ERP - - (Enterprise Resource Planning) =
12. FAQ -- (Frequently Asked Questions) =

32

13. FTP -- (File Transfer Protocol) =

14. HDD Hard Disk Drive =
15. HTML -- (HyperText Markup Language) =
16. HTTP -- (HyperText Transfer Protocol) =
17. IMAP -- (Internet Message Access Protocol) =
18. IP Internet Protocol =
19. ISP -- (Internet Service Provider) =
20. IT -- (Information Technology) =
21. JPEG -- (Joint Photographic Experts Group) =
22. LAN Local Area Network =
23. MAC Address (Media Access Control Address) =
24. MUD -- (Multi-User Dungeon or Dimension) =
25. OCR Optical Character Recognition =
26. OSI (Open Source Initiative) =
27. PDF -- (Portable Document Format) =
28. PPP -- (Point to Point Protocol) =
29. SEO -- (Search Engine Optimization) =
30. SMTP -- (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) =
31. SQL -- (Structured Query Language) =
32. Sysop -- (System Operator) =
33. TCP Transmission Control Protocol =
34. URI -- (Uniform Resource Identifier) =
35. URL Uniform Resource Locator =
36. URN -- (Uniform Resource Name) =
37. VOIP -- (Voice Over IP) =
38. VPN -- (Virtual Private Network) =
39. WAN -- (Wide Area Network) =
40. Wi-Fi -- (Wireless Fidelity) =
IV) H tambm os grupos nominais com a palavra of, onde a ordem das
palavras continua igual em portugus. Observe que o ncleo do grupo nominal
vem antes da preposio of.
1. The performance of program = a performance de programa
2. A long history of personal computers = uma longa histria de computadores
pessoais
3. An essential part of a printer =
33

4. A important group of personal files =

5. Different languages of the same families =
6. POP = Point of Presence =

Storing data in computer programs

For those new to computer programming, data and code go hand in hand. You cannot
write a program of any real value without lines of code, or without data. A Word
Processor program has logic that takes what the user types and stores it in data. It also
uses data to control how it stores and formats what the user types and clicks.
Data is stored in the memory of the computer when the program runs (it can also be
stored in a file, but that is another matter beyond the scope of this tutorial). Each
memory 'slot' is identified by a name that the programmer chooses. For example
LineTotal might be used to name a memory slot that holds the total number of lines in a
Word Processor document.
The program can freely read from and write to this memory slot. This kind of data is
called a Variable. It can contain data such as a number or text. Sometimes, we may
have data that we do not want to change. For example, the maximum number of lines
that the Word Processor can handle. When we give a name to such data, we also give it
its permanent value. These are called constants.
Leia o texto acima e responda:
1) Retire do texto todos os grupos nominais que conseguir identificar. (traduza-os)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
2) Explique o que tem um programa processador de palavras e o que ele faz..
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
3) Que nome dado ao tipo de dado que o programa pode ler livremente e escrever
para
a
memria
slot?
__________________________________________________________
4) Explique como pode ser usada a LineTotal.
34

______________________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________________
________
5) Qual a correta traduo do ttulo do texto?
a) Dados armazenados em programas de computador
b) Armazenamento de dados em programas de computador.
c) Programas de computador em armazenamento de dados
6) Complete a traduo da frase. Data is stored in the memory of the computer when
the program runs
Dado ______________ na ___________ do computador ___________o programa
_________.

FORMAO DE PALAVRAS AFIXOS

(Material extrado do livro: Tcnicas de Leitura em Ingls. Eiter Otavio Guandalini. p.
37-39.)
Algumas palavras que aparecem nos textos demandam um pouco mais de ateno
para inferi-las e reconhec-las durante a leitura. So as chamadas palavras derivadas,
ou seja, palavras que apresentam componentes denominados genericamente de afixos
que podem ser prefixos ou sufixos. O conhecimento da formao das palavras
muito til, sem dvida, para sua compreenso. Isto significa que necessrio
reconhecer os afixos mais comumente usados na lngua que se que aprender e,
naturalmente, seu significado.
Sufixos e prefixos podem ser acrescentados s palavras dando-lhes novos significados
e, quase sempre, alternando sua classe gramatical. Portanto, ateno: habitue-se a
descobrir ou reconhecer o significado de palavras e expresses atravs de prefixos e
sufixos, da nova posio que ocupam na frase, como tambm na alterao da classe
gramatical.
A fim de facilitar sua identificao, colocamos a seguir uma lista com os afixos mais
usados na lngua inglesa.
Prefixao o prefixo muda o significado da palavra primitiva, mas no muda a
classe gramatical.
a (sem)
anti (contra)
dis (oposto)

Amoral
Anti-clockwise
Disagree

apolitical
anti-nuclear
dishonest

asexual
Antichrist
disloyal
35

il, ir, im, in (no)

mis (errado)
non (no)
un (no)
over
(excesso,
alm)
pre (antes)
Mini, micro
Macro, mega
Inter (entre)

Illegal
Misunderstand
Nonsense
Unmagnetized
Overdose

irregular
misdirect
non-fiction
uncommon
overeat

imperfect /incomplete
misaddress
non-programable
unprofessional

Premarital
Minicomputer
Macroeconomics
Interface

prefix
prehistory
Microcomputer
Megabyte
Interactive

Sufixao o sufixo pode mudar a classe gramatical da palavra sem mudar-lhe o

sentido primitivo.
Formao de verbos:
- en
- ify
- ize

Freshen
Simplify
Centralize

blacken
solidify
modernize

Harden
computerize

Formao de advrbios
- ly (mente)
ward
direo)

Logically
(em Downward

comparably
homeward

Yearly
Inward

annually

Formao de substantivos:
- ance / ence
- or
- er
- ee
- ist
- ion
- ment
- ity
- ism
- ness
- dom
- hood
- ship

Tolerance
Operator
Trainer
Trainee
Economist
Education
Investment
Sincerity
Modernism
Happiness
Freedom
Childhood
Friendship

Preference
Accumulator
Employer
Employee
Scientist
Collision
development
Generosity
Buddhism
Darkness
Kingdom
Brotherhood
Partnership

Performance
programmer
Dentist
Compilation
Magnetism

relationship

Formao de adjetivos:
- able, ible
- an, ian
- ful
-y
- ic
- ical/al
- less

Programmable
American
Powerful
Tasty
Poetic
Sociological
Homeless

Admirable
Sagitarian
Hopeful
Healthy
Democratic
Magical
Childless

Divisible
suburban
wonderful/beautiful

Wireless
36

Ex.:

COMFORT = Substantivo = Conforto

UNCOMFORT = Substantivo = Desconforto
CONFORTABLE = Adjetivo = Confortvel
Selecione no texto as palavras que so formadas por sufixos:
CAREERS IN THE COMPUTERS FIELD
Computer specialists include System Analysts, Programmers and Operators.
Systems Analysts develop methods for computerizing business. They also improve the
efficiency of systems in use. Application Programmers write commercial programs to be
used by business, science center and home. System Programmers write the complex
programs that control the inner working of the computer. Computer operators handle
several types of computers.
Other people who work in the computer field include Computer Scientists, who
conduct research and teach at universities; Hardware Designers and Engineers, who
work in areas such as microchip and peripheral equipment design; Information Center
Administrators or Data Base Administrators, who manage the information collections of
business or data banks.
Excerpted from Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia 1993, 1994.
Agora, escreva em Portugus as especialidades que so mencionadas no texto:
____________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________
____________________________________
___________________________________

A PR-HISTRIA DOS COMPUTADORES

AQUECIMENTO
Junte-se a um colega e, em cinco minutos, procure no texto da prxima pgina as
respostas para as seguintes perguntas. A dupla que acabar primeiro e apresentar todas
as respostas corretas vence a competio.
a) O que Lady Ada Lovelace inventou para a mquina de Babbage?
__________________________
37

b) Quanto pesava o ENIAC,

_______________________________

primeiro

c) Onde Charles Babbage exibiu

__________________________

The

d) Qual foi o primeiro dispositivo

___________________________

de

computador

Difference
clculo

Engine

utilizado

em

pelo

vlvula?
1855?
homem?

e) At que sculo o baco foi utilizado como dispositivo de clculo?

__________________________
f)
Quem
inventou,
em
1804,
________________________________________

tear

g)
O
que
Blaise
Pascal
inventou
_____________________________________________

programado?
em

1642?

h) Quando ficou pronto o primeiro computador digital, o MARK 1?

____________________________
i) Quando Vannevar Bush construiu o primeiro computador analgico?
________________________
LEITURA E INTERPRETAO
a) Junte-se a outros colegas e discutam o que vocs sabem acerca da histria do
computador e dos mtodos de clculo.
b) Depois da discusso, organize os pargrafos abaixo numerando os parnteses
em ordem crescente, conforme a cronologia. O ttulo do texto j est marcado.
(A: _____) It was during the Second World War that the modern age of computers
began. In 1930, Vannevar Bush built the first analog computer, which was used to help
aim guns in World War II. In the period between 1938-1942, John V. Atanasoff and
Clifford Berry designed and built the first electronic digital computer, the ABC, which
provided the basis for the development of the ENIAC.
(B:_____) After that, in 1822, Charles Babbage built a machine called The Difference
Engine, which he showed at The Paris Exhibition in 1855. Next, Babbage envisioned
and designed The Analytical Engine, a machine which could complete programmed
arithmetic operations. Unfortunately, Babbage never finished his work, but many of his
ideas were used as the basis for the modern computer.
(C: _____) The modern computer as we know it today is a result of lots of research and
inventions of the past. The following paragraphs will show you the evolution of this
miraculous machine.
(D: _____) In the period called the Scientific Revolution, which began circa 1540 and
lasted until 1687, many scientists tried to find ways of calculating. As a consequence,
other computational devices were invented. In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented the first
38

mechanical calculator. In 1673, Gottfried von Leibniz invented another calculating

device.
(E: _____) The Scientific Revolution was followed by the Industrial Revolution, which
started in England and brought many advances in technology. Several machines were
developed in this period, and these machines later had a great impact on the
development of computers.
(F: _____) During the same period that Babbage was working on his machines, Lady
Ada Lovelace invented an arithmetic code for Babbages machine based on a binary
system similar to the one used with modern computers. For this reason, she is
considered to be the first programmer.
(G: _____) The first calculating device used by man was the ten fingers of his hands.
This explains why we still count in tens and multiples of tens. Then the abacus was
invented, a device which uses small beads or stones to make calculations. This tool was
used until the 16th century. It is still used today in some parts of the world to make
arithmetical calculations.
(H: _____) In 1804, Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a weaving loom which was
programmed to make certain patterns on cloth. This program was a series of holes
punched in paper cards according to a code, and it is very similar to the process used in
punched cards of the first modern computers.
(I:

) The Pre-History of Computers

(J: _____) Between 1943 and 1946, funded by the U.S. Army, John Mauchly and J.
Eckert built the first major eletronic digital computer using vacuum tubes. The ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was huge and weighed about 30 tons.
(K: _____) The developments which took place during World War II led to the advances
made in the period that followed the war. The period after the war led to the
subsequent generations of computers, which may be described as the modern age of
computers.
(L: _____) In 1944, Howard Aiken and some engineers from IBM completed MARK 1,
an electro-mechanical calculating device controlled by punched cards. This first digital
computer could figure out long lists of mathematical problems and was used military
ballistics.
c) Responda as seguintes perguntas:
1) Das informaes apresentadas no texto, quais voc j conhecia?
___________________________________________________________________
______________
2) Que informao nova sobre a histria do computador voc achou mais interessante?
___________________________________________________________________
______________
3) Sabemos que o computador uma mquina moderna. Por que o autor intitulou o
texto The Pre-History of Computers?
39

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________
4) Das oraes abaixo, qual voc considera a idia principal do texto? Por qu?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________
a) Os avanos tecnolgicos da 2 Guerra Mundial levaram a era moderna do
computador.
b) MARK 1, o primeiro computador digital, possua sistema de cartes perfurados e
foi fabricado pela IBM para fins militares.
c) Lady Lovelace considerada a primeira programadora do mundo por ter
inventado o cdigo binrio.
d) As idias de Charles Babbage foram usadas como base para os computadores
modernos, o que o torna o pai do computador.
e) A Revoluo Industrial teve um grande impacto na tecnologia usada para o
desenvolvimento dos computadores.
f) Antes da inveno do baco, o dispositivo de clculo eram os dedos das mos.
g) O primeiro computador digital a vlvula foi o ENIAC.
h) A era moderna do computador nasce em 1930 com o primeiro computador digital,
de Vannevar Bush, usado para fins militares na 2 Guerra Mundial.
i) O tear programado, inventado por Jacquard em 1804, tem o mesmo princpio
dos cartes perfurados dos primeiros computadores.
j) O computador atual o resultado de vrias pesquisas e invenes do passado.
k) A Revoluo Cientfica (1540-1687) levou a inveno de vrios dispositivos de
clculo.
5) A partir do exerccio anterior, como voc definiria o que deve ser a idia principal de
um texto?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________
LEITURA E INTERPRETAO SKIMMING
a) Utilizando essa tcnica, procure no texto What is a Computer? as seguintes
informaes. Nos espaos em branco, escreva os nmeros das linhas em que elas se
encontram:
1) ________ O computador processa dados e fornece os resultados em forma de
informao.
2) ________ um erro acreditar que todo mundo hoje em dia saiba usar o computador.
3) ________ O processo de computao envolve trs etapas bsicas.
4) ________ O mundo da computao criou uma linguagem prpria.
5) ________ Hoje em dia quase todo mundo tem uma idia do que seja um
computador.
6) ________ Algumas dessas palavras vm sendo usadas pelo mundo afora, pois
foram tomadas de emprstimo da lngua inglesa por vrias outras lnguas.
7) ________ Algumas sociedades contemporneas desconhecem o computador.
40

8) ________ A etapa final permite ao usurio ver os resultados do processamento.

9) ________ Mesmo nos pases ditos desenvolvidos, existem pessoas que no sabem
o que um computador e no se importam em saber.
WHATS IS A COMPUTER?
1 Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost everybody has an idea about what
a computer is. We depend on computers in every aspect of our lives whether we
know how to use one or not. But does everyone really know how a computer
works inside?
A computer is an electronic machine which processes data and provides the
5 results of the processing as information. There are three basic steps in the
computing process. The first one is input, which consists of feeding data into
the computers memory. Then comes the processing: the program is run and
the computer processes the data by performing a set of instructions. The third
and final step is the output furnished by the computer, which allows the user to
see the results either in printed from or on the screen.
10 The world of computers has created a specific language of its own. English
words such as software and hardware are used worldwide and have been
borrowed by many different languages. Software is information in the form of
data and programs, and hardware refers to the electronic and mechanical parts
that make up a computer system.
Despite the constant presence of computers in most modern societies, it is a
15 great mistake to believe that everybody in the world is computer-literate, i.e., is
familiar with computers and knows how to use them properly. In some
contemporary societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of
computers, and even in the so-called developed countries, there are lots of
people who do not know or do not care about what a computer is.
b) O autor conclui o texto afirmando que algumas sociedades contemporneas e muitas
pessoas dos pases desenvolvidos desconhecem o computador ou no ligam para ele,
sem dar exemplos. Em sua opinio, quais seriam essas sociedades e essas pessoas?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
c) Escreva na primeira coluna os nmeros correspondentes s palavras definidas na
segunda.
a) ________ computer
b)_________ input
c) _________ processing

1) Data fed into the computers memory.

2) Information.
3) Machine that processes data.

41

d) _________ output
computer.
e) _________ screen
f) _________ software
g) _________ hardware
h) _________ data

4) Electronic and mechanical parts of a

5) Device that shows the results of the processing.
6) The results shown on the screen or in printed form.
7) Programs.
8) Series of actions that a computer performs to arrive at a
OS USOS DO ING

Palavras cuja formao composta por ING podem apresentar diferentes classes
gramaticais:
LEARNING = Pode significar aprendendo; aprender ou aprendizagem, dependendo
de como apresentada na sentena.
(gerndio)
They are learning how to get more information. = (aps o verbo to be)
Eles esto aprendendo como conseguir mais informaes.
(verbo/infin.)
This is a way of learning about management. = (aps preposies)
Esta uma maneira de aprender sobre gerenciamento.
(Adjetivo)
This is part of the learning process. = (parte de um grupo nominal)
Isto parte do processo de aprendizagem.
(Substantivo)
Learning is essencial to life.
Aprendizagem essencial vida.
EXERCCIOS
Classifique em cada frase as palavras formadas por ING como:
(substantivo, gerndio, adjetivo ou verbo infinitivo)
a. They are learning Computer Science.
__________________________.
b. Teleprocessing is the use of a telecommunication system by a computer.
__________________________.
c. The calculating machine was invented many years ago.
__________________________.
d. The recording surface of a disk has concentric circles called tracks.
__________________________.
e. He works 10 hours without stopping.
__________________________.

42

f. The printer is printing documents.

__________________________.
g. I prefer typing to writing.
__________________________.

Register and get AVG for FREE

AVG Free Edition - Registration Complete
We received your data. In a couple of minutes, depending on the load of our servers, we
will send you an e-mail containing your download link. Without this link, you will not be
able to successfully download and install AVG Free Edition. After successfully started
the download, your unique License Number will be activated and sent to you in another
electronic letter. Please make sure that the address confirm@grisoft.com is added to
your accepted e-mail address list.
In the meantime, you might be interested in the FAQ (frequently asked question) list or
the online Documentation, both of them can be found in the "I need help" subsection.
Are you looking for more features, functionality and flexibility than AVG FREE offers?
Buy AVG Professional.

We have received the VB100% in the test of Virus Bulletin in June 2004 on Windows XP
platform.
100% detection rate of AVG Anti-Virus System is continuously certified by independent
ICSA laboratories.
(www.avg.com)
EXERCCIOS
Grife todas as palavras cognatas encontradas no texto, circule as familiares e
responda:
1) Sobre o que trata o texto?
__________________________________________________________

43

2) Qual o produto em questo?

_____________________________________________________
3) Aps baixar o arquivo com sucesso, o que acontecer com seu Nmero de
Licena?
______________________________________________________________________
___
4) Qual produto oferecido caso voc esteja procurando mais caractersticas,
funcionalidade

flexibilidade?

____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____
5) Quando a empresa recebeu o Boletim de Vrus?
__________________________________
6) Em qual programa o Boletim foi recebido?
_____________________________________
7) Qual o percentual do padro de deteco do Sistema anti-vrus?
___________________
MARCADORES DE SUBSTANTIVOS
Substantivo a palavra que designa pessoa, lugar, objeto, evento, substncia.
possvel localiza-la no texto prestando ateno em certas palavras que acompanham
substantivo.
Emprega-se antes de substantivo:
Artigos:
a, an = um, uma
the = o, a, os, as
Pronomes Possessivos adjetivos
MY

Meu, minha, meus, minhas

Your

seu, sua, seus, suas

His

dele (para pessoa)

Her

dela (para pessoa)

44

Its

dele, dela (para coisas ou animais

Our

nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas

Their deles, delas

Emprega-se geralmente antes de substantivos:
Numerais Cardinais:
One, two, three, etc.
Pronomes Demonstrativos:
This
este, esta, isto
These

estes, estas

That

esse, essa, isso, aquele, aquela, aquilo

Those

esses, essas, aqueles, aquelas

QUANTIDADES
Many
muitos, muitas
(a) few
much
(a) little
some
any

poucos, poucas
muito, muita
pouco, pouca
algum, alguns, alguma, algumas
qualquer, quaisquer

every

todo, toda, todos, todas, cada

a lot of

muito (a), muitos (as)

REFERNCIA CONTEXTUAL
A referncia contextual tambm representa um recurso auxiliar na compreenso das
idias de um texto. As chamadas palavras de referncia substituem palavras que esto
no texto (ou fora dele) e podem classificar-se da seguinte maneira:

pronomes (pessoais, possessivos, demonstrativos, relativos e indefinidos);

numerais ordinais;

palavras que indicam ordem e exemplificao.

Quando queremos nos referir a alguma coisa (ou idia) que j foi mencionada, ou ainda
vai ser mencionada numa determinada sentena, geralmente utilizamos recursos
lingsticos para no tornar a sentena repetitiva.
45

Exemplos:
The magazine which is on the desk is old.
A revista que est sobre a mesa velha.
Paul and Sue are good friends. They always help us.
Paul and Sue so bons amigos. Eles sempre nos ajudam.
John works in my office. We like him very much.
John trabalha em meu escritrio. Ns gostamos muito dele.

Pode-se observar que podemos nos referir a uma idia anterior ou posterior
utilizando diferentes PRONOMES;
Exerccios
John works in my office. We like him very much.
John trabalha em meu escritrio. Ns gostamos muito dele.

Pode-se observar que podemos nos referir a uma idia anterior ou posterior utilizando
diferentes PRONOMES.

Subject Pronouns
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Subject
I know Ann.
You know Ann.
He knows Ann.
She knows Ann.
We know Ann.
They know Ann.
Possessive Adjectives
Its my money.
Its your money.
Its his money.
Its her money.
Its our money.
Its their money.

Object Pronouns
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them

Possessive
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their

Adjectives Possessive
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs

Object
Ann knows me.
Ann knows you.
Ann knows him.
Ann knows her.
Ann knows us.
Ann knows them.
Possessive Pronouns
Its mine.
Its yours.
Its his.
Its hers.
Its ours.
Its theirs.
46

Exerccios
A)

Finish the sentences with mine/yours/ours/theirs/hers/his:

1. Its your money. Its _______________

_______________
2. Its my bag. Its ________________.
________.
3. Its our car. Its ________________.
________.
4. Theyre her shoes. Theyre ____________.

5. Its their house. Its

6. Theyre your books. Theyre
7. Theyre my glasses. Theyre
8. Its his coat. Its ______________.

B)
Classifique os pronomes grifados e indique as respectivas palavras a que eles se
referem:
1. Most people are happy in their jobs.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
2) Mr. Baker lives in London. His son lives in Australia.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
3) Where are the tickets? I cant find them.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
4) We are going out. You can come with us.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
5) Margaret likes music. She plays the piano.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
6) Ann is going out with her friends tonight.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
7) I like tennis. It is my favorite sport.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
8) I am talking to you. Please, listen to me.
______________________________________________________________________
___.
PRONOMES RELATIVOS

(Who / Which / That)

47

Who is for people (not things)

A Programmer is a person who writes programs.

The man who phoned will call you later again.

I know everybody who work in my company.

Which is for things (not people)

This is the printer which you asked me.

I dont have the CD-Rom which you need.
Is this the new computer which you bought?

That is for things or people:

I know everybody that work in my company.

(You can use that for people, but who is more usual)
This is the printer that you asked me.

Portanto, temos:
(Para pessoas)
Who
He is the system analyst who/that prepares instructions.
That
(pessoa)
(Para coisas)
Which
This is the manual which/that you need.
That
(coisa)
EXERCCIOS
1. Complete com who ou which:
a.

I met a woman who can speak six languages.

b.

Whats the name of the man ________ lives next door?

c.

Whats the name of the river ________ flows through the town?

d.

Where is the picture ________ was hanging on the wall?

e.

Do you know anybody _______ wants to buy a car?

f.

You always ask questions _______ are difficult to answer.

48

g.

I have a friend _________ is very good at repairing cars.

h.

I think everybody ________ went to the party enjoyed it a lot.

2. Volte ao texto Virtual Reality e retire 1 pronome relativo do 1 pargrafo, 1 pronome

relativo do 2 pargrafo e 3 pronomes do 3 pargrafo, e indique as respectivas
palavras a que eles se referem:
1 pargrafo: pronome: _____________
refere-se a: _______________
2 pargrafo: pronome: _____________
refere-se a: _______________
3 pargrafo: pronome
_________
_________
_________

refere-se a
_____________
_____________
_____________

THE POSSESSIVE CASE OF NOUNS

Quando o substantivo/possuidor designa um ser vivo (pessoa ou animal, as
expresses possessivas (caso possessivo ou genitivo) so formadas do seguinte
modo:
a) Acrescentando-se s ao substantivo/possuidor, quando ele estiver no singular.
The body of the man. The mans body. (O corpo do homem)
b) Acrescentando-se s tambm no caso em que o substantivo/possuidor estiver no
plural mas no terminar em s.
The family of the children. The childrens family. (A famlia das crianas)
c) Acrescentando-se apenas um apstrofo ao substantivo/ possuidor, quando ele
estiver no plural terminado em s.
The school of the girls. The girls school. (A escola das garotas)
Quando o substantivo/ possuidor designa um ser inanimado, no se usa a
expresso com s mas sim a que feita com de (of) como em portugus:
The door of the car, the trees of the garden, etc.
No entanto, a expresso com s pode ser usada (assim com o of) quando o
substantivo/ possuidor tiver um sentido nobre, caso principalmente dos nomes
geogrficos, como a Terra, o Sol, o mar, nomes de pases, cidades, etc.
49

f.e. The population of the world = The world population

Complete as frases com a forma possessiva dos substantivos entre parnteses,
conforme o modelo:
Exemplo:
Richard is the boss of John.

Richard is Johns boss.

Geralmente usamos -s para pessoas:

Marys computer O computador da Mary.
Marys personal computer O PC da Mary.
Johns laser printer A impressora do John.
The managers equipment O equipamento do gerente.

Friends or Friends :
A casa do meu amigo = My friends house.
A casa dos meus amigos = My friends house.
Portanto, temos: My mothers carMy parents car
My fathers car

Usamos of para coisas, lugares, etc.

The high technology of Brazil. Tecnologia de ponta do Brasil.
Whats the name of this village? Qual o nome desta vila?
Madrid is the Capital of Spain. Madrid a Capital da Espanha.
The memory of the computer. (not the computers memory)
Drill Faa a correo da sentena quando necessrio:
1. I stayed at the house of my sister. - my sister house
2. What is the name of this village? - Ok__________
3. Do you like the color of this coat? - _____________________
4. Do you know the phone number of Bill? - ________________________
5. The job of my brother is very interesting. - _______________________
6. Write your name at the top of the page. - _________________________
7. When is the birthday of your mother? - _________________________
8. The house of my parents isnt very big. - ________________________
9. The walls of this house are very thin. - __________________________
10. The manager of the hotel is on holiday. - _______________________

Passe as sentenas para o Caso Genitivo:

The laptop of my sister.

______________________________________.
The computer of my secretary.
______________________________________.
The printer of my boss.
50

______________________________________.
TEXTO PARA LEITURA, COMPREENSO E EXERCCIOS DE VOCABULRIO

HARDWARE
The central processing unit, or CPU, is the heart of a computer. In addition to
performing arithmetic and logic operations on data, it controls the rest of the system.
Most CPU chips and microprocessors have four functional sections:
(1) the arithmetic/logic unit;
(2) temporary storage locations;
(3) the control section;
(4) the internal bus.
Input devices let the users enter commands, data, or programs. Computer keyboards
are the most common input devices. Another common input device, the mouse, is a
mechanical device with buttons on the top and a rolling ball in its base. Other input
devices include joysticks and trackballs. Light pens can be used to draw or to point to
items or areas on the display screen. A digitizer pad translates images drawn on it with
an electronic pen. Touch screens allow users to point to items or areas on the screen.
Optical scanners read characters on a printed page and translate them into binary
numbers that the CPU can use. Voice-recognition circuitry digitizes spoken words and
enters them into the computer.
Memory-storage devices. Most digital computers store data both internally (main
memory) and externally (auxiliary storage units). A computer temporarily stores
information internally on silicon random-access memory, or RAM, chips. Another type of
internal memory consists of a series of read-only memory, or ROM, chips. Some
auxiliary storage devices floppy disks, hard disks and magnetic tape store data by
magnetically rearranging metal particles on disks and tapes.
Output devices let the user see the results of the computers data processing. The
most common output device is the video display terminal (VDT), or monitor, which uses
a cathode-ray tube (CRT) to display characters and graphics on a screen. Modems
(modulator-demodulators) and disk drives are input/output devices. Printers generate

51

hard copy, a printedversion of information stored in one of the computers memory

systems.
Excerpted from Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia 1993, 1994.
SCANNING

Encontre no texto acima as informaes que completam o diagrama.

CPU
____________________
____________________
Funes

DISPOSITIVO DE ENTRADA
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________

____________________
I/O
_______________
_______________

HARDWARE
ARMAZENAMENTO
DE MEMRIA
_____________________
Interno
_____________________
Externo

DISPOSITIVO DE SADA
__________ou_______
___________________

_____________________
_____________________
_____________________

NETWORK LAST MODIFIED: THURSDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2002

52

A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many types of
computer networks, including:
local-area networks (LANs) : The computers are geographically close together
(that is, in the same building).
wide-area networks (WANs) : The computers are farther apart and are
connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
campus-area networks (CANs): The computers are within a limited geographic
area, such as a campus or military base.
metropolitan-area networks MANs): A data network designed for a town or city.
home-area networks (HANs): A network contained within a user's home that
connects a person's digital devices.
In addition to these types, the following characteristics are also used to categorize
different types of networks:
topology : The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Common
topologies include a bus, star, and ring. See the Network topology diagrams in the
Quick Reference section of Webopedia.
protocol : The protocol defines a common set of rules and signals that
computers on the network use to communicate. One of the most popular protocols
for LANs is called Ethernet. Another popular LAN protocol for PCs is the IBM tokenring network .
architecture : Networks can be broadly classified as using either a peer-to-peer
or client/server architecture.
Computers on a network are sometimes called nodes. Computers and devices that
allocate resources for a network are called servers.
Questes sobre o texto e estudo do vocabulrio:
1.

Encontre no texto os seguintes Grupos Nominais em Ingls:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Sistema de computador - ______________________________

Rede de computadores - ______________________________
Linhas telefnicas - __________________________________
posio geomtrica - _________________________________
As seguintes caractersticas - __________________________

2.
Retire do texto as duas expresses que esto no Caso Genitivo e d as suas
tradues:
a.
__________________________ - _________________________
b.
__________________________ - _________________________
3.
De acordo com o texto, o que Network e quais so os tipos de redes de
computadores?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
4.

O que a Local-area Network e Campus-area Network?

53

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
5. Cite as trs caractersticas que categorizam diferentes tipos de Rede?
___________________ - ____________________ - __________________
6. Em que consiste o Protocol?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________
7. Traduza: Computers and devices that allocate resources for a network are called
servers.
______________________________________________________________________
_____________

54

PESQUISA DE VOCABULRIO
DISK DRIVE DISPLAY UNIT FLOPPY DISK HARD COPY
HARDWARE - SOFTWARE - KEYBOARD MACHINE LANGUAGE
MONITOR PRINTER PROGRAM PROGRAMMER SCREEN
SOFT COPY STORAGE MIDIA WORK STATION
WORD PROCESSING
WINCHESTER

1. The part of a computer system that carries the instructions and programs; the
opposite of hardware: ______________________.
2. All the physical part of a computer such as monitor, CPU, drives, keyboard, printer,
the opposite of software: ______________________.
3. Language that programmers use to give the computer its basic instructions:
________________________.
4. A step-by-step series of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a task:
________________________.
5.
The
object
that
prints
________________________.

out

the

paper

copies

of

documents:

6. It is an input device similar to a typewriter: _________________________.

7. It is similar to a TV and displays information: _______________________________,
__________________________ or ___________________________.
8. Consist of monitors, keyboards and printer divided by two or more people:
________________________.
9. Collective term for hard disk, floopy disk, tapes, cards on which computers store
information: _________________________.
10.
A
thin
flexible
disk
______________________________.
11.
Storage
midia
_________________.

located

into

that
the

stores
CPU:

data

magnetically:

_____________________or

12. A person who writes the software programs: ____________________________.

13.
An
automated
means
_____________________________.

of

creating

and

editing

texts:

14. Refers to printed copies on paper: ____________________________.

15. The information that appears on the screen before it is printed out:
________________.
55

16.
The
place
where
you
________________________.

insert

the

floopy

disk

or

CD-ROM:

PRINTING CONCEPTS
When users print, the computer completes several steps that involve a set of
components including executable files, drivers, device interfaces, and dynamic-link
libraries, which work together to create the printed output. Understanding how this
process works helps you understand what happens when you print a document and how
to solve printing problems. Printing has two parts: printing process and the print
components. The two parts make the printing process possible. When printing to an
Internet print server, the print server adds to the standard print process by creating an
interface for users.
VOCABULARY
To print = imprimir
Print = impresso
Printer = impressora
Set = jogo, conjunto, grupo,
To set up = iniciar, instalar, estabelecer-se
Drive = unidade de disco
Standar = padro
Device = dispositivo
1) Leia o texto PRINTING CONCEPTS e responda as questes a seguir:
a) Sobre

que

trata

texto?

________________________________________________________
b) Quais

so

as

duas

partes

da

impressora?

____________________________________________
c) O

que

estas

partes

possibilitam?

___________________________________________________
d)

Qual

conjunto

de

componentes

citados

no

texto?

___________________________________
e) O que o servidor de impresso adiciona quando imprime para um servidor de
impresso de Internet?
______________________________________________________________________
______________
2) Localize as palavras familiares no texto acima e d a traduo.

56

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________
3) Circule todas as palavras cognatas.

Whats an Algorithm?
An algorithm is a sequence of instructions that tells how to solve a particular problem.
Once the problem has been identified, the next step is to select the best method for
solving it. If the problem is a familiar one, standardized algorithms may be available from
program libraries. But if standard algorithms are not available or suitable, a new
algorithm must be written and then added to the program library. An algorithm must be
specified exactly, so there can be no doubt about what to do next, and it must have a
finite number of steps. A computer program is an algorithm that is written in a language
that a computer can understand, but the same algorithm could be written in several
different languages.

Observe a sentena: Once the problem has been identified, the next step is to
select the best method for solving it.

1) A classificao da palavra solving :

a)
b)
c)
d)

substantivo (soluo)
gerndio (resolvendo)
particpio (resolvido)
verbo/infinitivo (resolver)

2) O pronome it (ltima palavra) refere-se a:

a)
b)
c)
d)

problem
identified
select
method

3) Observando o uso do verbo modal must a traduo apropriada da sentena a

seguir : it must have a finite number of steps.
a) ele (algoritmo) poderia ter um nmero finito de passos.
b) ele (algoritmo) no precisa ter um nmero finito de passos.
c) ele (algoritmo) deve ter um nmero finito de passos.
d) ele (algoritmo) no pode ter um nmero finito de passos.
e) ele (algoritmo) talvez tenha um nmero finito de passos.

57

Mainframe, Minicomputer and Microcomputer

A mainframe is a large computer system comprised of a large central processing unit,

separate memory banks, multiple data-storage devices and peripherals. It is found in
computer installations which process immense amounts of data. This powerful machine
has a larger repertoire of more complex instructions which can be executed more
quickly.
A minicomputer is much smaller than the mainframe computer. It was developed to
perform limited functions in scientific environments with less computing capacity. It
became possible to reduce the size of the computer with the replacement of vacuum
tubes by transistors and the development of multicircuit `chips.
A microcomputer is the smallest of the three sizes of computers. The central processor
of a micro, called the microprocessor, is built as a single semiconductor device, that is,
the elements necessary to perform all the logical and arithmetic functions are
manufactured as a single chip. The microprocessor literally contains a computer on a
chip that can pass through the eye of a needle.
4) Complete as sentences com mainframe/minicomputer/microcomputer:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

_________________________ is the smallest of all.

_________________________ has less computing capacity.
_________________________ performs limited functions.
_________________________ is a large computer system.
_________________________ executes instructions more quickly.

5) Retire do texto dois pronomes relativos (um da definio de mainframe, e outro da

definio de microcomputer) e indique as respectivas palavras a que se referem:
a) ______________ -- ________________________
b) ______________ -- ________________________
6) Assinale a alternativa em que h um Grupo Nominal:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

executed more quickly

multiple data-storage devices
perform limited
tubes by transistors
called the microprocessor

58

Magnetic Tape and Magnetic Disk

Magnetic tape it is one of the principal input/output recording media used with
computers and is mainly used for storing intermediate results of computations and for
compact storing of large amounts of data, in an ordered sequence. It is much cheaper to
store information on tape than in the computer main memory or on a disk memory
device, but it takes longer to locate a particular data item if it is stored on tape: data
must be stored and accessed sequentially.
Magnetic disk it consists of a series of concentric paths or tracks each capable of
storing data in magnetically coded form. It looks like a phonograph record and a series
of disks is mounted on a vertical shaft. One or more access arms move into the disk to
read or write the data stored on it. Disks may be hard (made out of aluminum) or floppy
(made out of plastic). Disks may be permanently attached to the drive unit or they may
be made up as removable disk packs. Disks may be made even more efficient by using
laser beam to read and write data.
As questes 7 e 8 devem ser respondidas em Portugus.
7) Qual a definio, conforme o texto, de Disco Magntico?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.
8) Quais so os dois principais usos das Fitas Magnticas?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________.
9) Indique a ordem em que essas idias ocorrem no texto: Magnetic Disk
( ) disks may be hard or floppy.
( ) disks may be more efficient.
(1 ) disks consists of a series of concentric paths.
( ) disks may be made up as removable disk packs.
( ) disks may be mounted on a vertical shaft.
( ) disks may be permanently attached to the drive unit.
10) Indique se as afirmaes so verdadeiras (V) ou falsas (F):
a) Magnetic tape is the only way for inputting data.
b) It is used for storing data sequentially.
c) It is much cheaper to store data on disks.
d) It takes longer to locate data stored on tapes.
e) Data on tape is stored in an ordered sequence.

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
59

11) Indique os dois erros do Presente Simples com crculos e d as formas verbais
corretas:
Some mail systems uses a large disk space, but they doesnt determine any amount
before its use.
Formas corretas: a) _________________
b) ___________________
12) Destaque das frases abaixo, os verbos na Voz Passiva:
Disks may be permanently attached to the drive unit and they may be made up as
removable disk packs.
_____________________________ - _____________________________
13) Circule na sentena a palavra que se encontra no Comparativo e d o seu
significado em Portugus:
It is much cheaper to store information on tapes than in the computer main memory
_________________ = ____________________________
14) Observe o segmento abaixo:
Magnetic Tape is mainly used for storing(1) intermediate results of computations and
for compact storing(2) of large amounts of data.
A palavra storing (1) significa:
a)
b)
c)
d)

armazenar
armazenando
armazenamento
armazenado

A palavra storing (2) significa:

a) armazenar
b) armazenando
c) armazenamento
d) armazenado

Third-Generation-1964-1971:Integrated-Circuits
The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called
semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation
computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system,
which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central
program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to
a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
Fourth-Generation-1971-Present:Microprocessors
The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of
integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled
an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in
60

1971, located all the components of the computer - from the central processing unit and
memory to input/output controls - on a single chip.
In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple
introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop
computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to
use microprocessors.
As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form
networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation
computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
Exerccios sobre o texto
1) Na 3 gerao de computadores; o que aconteceu com os Transistors?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__
2) O que o Sistema Operacional permitia fazer nos computadores da 3 gerao?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
___________________
3) Na sentena: Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience
because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.; destaque as
palavras que esto no Comparativo e d os seus significados na frase:
____________________ = _____________________
____________________ = _____________________
4) No segmento The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.; transcreva um
verbo no Passado Simples e um na Voz Passiva e d os seus significados:
Passado Simples: __________________ = __________________________.
Voz Passiva: ______________________ = __________________________.
5) O que fazia o chip Intel 4004, desenvolvido em 1971?
______________________________________________________________________
_____________
6) Retire do segmento abaixo: uma expresso no Comparativo e uma na Voz Passiva:
As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form
networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet.
_____________________ = _____________________________
_____________________ = ____________________________
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Last modified: Wednesday, September 25, 2002

61

A collection of programs that enables you to store, modify, and extract information
from a database. There are many different types of DBMSs, ranging from small
systems that run on personal computers to huge systems that run on mainframes.
The following are examples of database applications:

computerized library systems

automated teller machines
flight reservation systems
computerized parts inventory systems

From a technical standpoint, DBMSs can differ widely. The terms relational, network,
flat, and hierarchical all refer to the way a DBMS organizes information internally.
The internal organization can affect how quickly and flexibly you can extract
information.
Requests for information from a database are made in the form of a query, which is
a stylized question. For example, the query
SELECT ALL WHERE NAME = "SMITH" AND AGE > 35
requests all records in which the NAME field is SMITH and the AGE field is greater
than 35.
The set of rules for constructing queries is known as a query language. Different
DBMSs support different query languages, although there is a semi-standardized
query language called SQL (structured query language). Sophisticated languages
for managing database systems are called fourth-generation languages, or 4GLs for
short.
The information from a database can be presented in a variety of formats. Most
DBMSs include a report writer program that enables you to output data in the form of
a report. Many DBMSs also include a graphics component that enables you to
output information in the form of graphs and charts.
Exerccios sobre o texto
1) De acordo com o texto, o que o Sistema de Gerenciamento de Banco de Dados ?
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.
2) Cite, em Portugus, os 4 exemplos de Aplicativos de Banco de Dados mencionados
no texto:
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
3) No trecho abaixo:
From a technical standpoint, DBMSs can differ widely. The terms relational, network,
flat, and hierarchical all refer to the way a DBMS organizes information internally. The
internal organization can affect how quickly and flexibly you can extract information.;
62

Identifique o verbo modal que aparece 3 vezes e d os seus respectivos sujeitos.

________ = ____________________
________ = ____________________
________ = ____________________
4) O que a query language e qual o significado em Portugus?
______________________________________________________________________
_____________
5) No segmento Sophisticated languages for managing database systems are called
fourth-generation languages; a palavra managing significa:
a) gerenciando
b) gerenciar
c) gerenciamento
d) gerenciado
6) Passe a sentena do exerccio acima para o Portugus:
______________________________________________________________________
______________

ABOUT CHIPS
Does anybody here know anything about chips?
Nobody expected such a question during an art class. Not from an old teacher of music.
And he added, I must confess that I know nothing about chips. I really dont know
anything at all. Sometimes I feel like a Jurassic teacher.
A quiet girl with curly hair asked shyly, What do you want to know, professor? I have
some information about it.
Lucy was her name. Everybody remained silent. No one sang. Nobody played. Lucy
stood up and spoke up; A computer consists of hundreds of parts, including a monitor,
a mouse, disk drives and a keyboard. Inside the computer is a circuit board. It houses all
sorts of microchips, including those for ROM (read-only memory) and RAM (randomaccess memory). Mounted on the circuit board is a microprocessor, which is housed n a
protective container and connected to rows of gold-plated pins. Inside the
microprocessor package is the chip itself. This tiny square of silicon is packed with
transistors that process instructions and data for the computer. A chip can process 500
million instructions every second and it has the size of a fingernail.
After this explanation everybody clapped their hands. The teacher said. Where have you
learned all this, Lucy, my dear?
Well, she said, Ive read it from an old magazine at the library.
VOCABULARY
63

to remain = permanecer
to house = conter/armazenar
gold-plated = coberto com ouro
tiny = muito pequeno
Questes
1) Assinale a alternativa correta:
a) Os alunos ficaram surpresos com a pergunta da menina.
b) O professor no sabia nada sobre tecnologia.
c) A menina ficou decepcionada com o professor.
d) O antigo professor gostaria de deixar a escola.
2) O professor se considera:
a) ignorante sobre computao
b) um especialista em computao
c) muito antiquado sobre msica
d) um grande leitor de revista de informtica
3) Lucy ensinou seu professor sobre chips provavelmente porque ela:
a) L muito livros na biblioteca
b) Tem algum interesse em computadores
c) studou o assunto em outra escola
d) queria se aparecer
4) O material bsico do chip :
a) silicone
b) transistor
c) silicon
d) gold-plated pin
e) data
5) Na sentena: A chip can process 500 million instructions every second and it has
the size of a fingernail.; o pronome it refere-se a:
a) million
b) second
c) instructions
d) chip
e) fingernail
6) Na sentena: Does anybody here lnow anything about chips?
destaque os pronomes indefinidos e d os seus significados:
________________________ = __________________________________
________________________ = __________________________________

64

7) Destaque os verbos modais das sentenas abaixo e passe-as para o Portugus:

I must confess that I know nothing about chips.
_______________________________________________________________
A chip can processo 500 million instructions every second.
_______________________________________________________________
8) Relacione as informaes numerando as colunas:
a) The list on the screen which shows the

( ) e-mail

things that you can do.

b) A small sign on a computer screen which

( ) virus

shows your position in a text

c) A system for sending written messages by

( ) menu

computer
d) A number of computers connected together

( ) cursor

in a larger system
e) Instructions that are put into a computer in

( ) network

order to cause mistakes and destroy information

MODAL VERBS (VERBOS MODAIS)
H uma srie de verbos em ingls que expressam idias gerais. J que o objetivo do
ingls instrumental diferente (estratgias de leitura), atenha-se s regras e tradues
abaixo, pois elas sero suficientes para nosso propsito.
CAN: Usamos CAN (do) para dizer que alguma coisa possvel ou que algum tem a
habilidade/capacidade para fazer algo. Podemos usar com a forma negativa (CAN
NOT / CANNOT ou CANT).
Exemplo: Can you swim very fast? No I cant, but I can play chess.

65

COULD: algumas vezes o COULD o passado do CAN. Ns usamos Could para

dizer que algum tinha habilidade geral para fazer alguma coisa. Podemos usar com a
forma negativa (COULD NOT ou COULDNT). Usamos Could especialmente com os
seguintes verbos:
TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

TO

SEE

HEAR

SMELL

TASTE

FEEL

REMEMBER

UNDERSTAND

Exemplo: My grandfather could speak five languages.

MUST / MUSTNT: Usamos MUST para dizer que ns temos certeza que alguma coisa
certa.
Exemplos: 1. Fish must live in water. (necessidade)
2. Everybody must uphold laws. (obrigao)
3. He must be your father. (Deduo forte)
4. You mustnt tell anyone what I said. (proibio)
MAY: Usamos MAY e MIGHT para dizer que alguma coisa possvel ou seja, com 50%
de certeza.. Tambm usamos para pedir permisso (de algo incerto, com baixa
probabilidade ou mais formal). No existe diferena importante entre MAY e MIGHT.
Podemos dizer, por exemplo:
Paul may be in his office. OU Paul might be in his office. (probabilidade)
May I dance with your girlfriend? No, you may not. (permisso com baixa probabilidade)
SHOULD / SHOULDNT: Geralmente usamos SHOULD quando pedimos ou damos
uma opinio sobre alguma coisa. (frequentemente usamos I think/I dont think/do you
think).
Exemplos:
I dont think you should work so hard.
Mike shouldnt drive really. He is too tired.
EXERCISES:
Traduza as seguintes sentenas para o portugus e escreva nos parnteses a
idia expressada pelos verbos modais em destaque.
1. We might have several problems in case inflation rises sharply.
(_________________)

66

______________________________________________________________________
_
2.They can manufacturer high-tech equipment, but they may have problems to ship it.
(_________________) (___________________)
______________________________________________________________________
____
3.How much should we purchase from that supplier?
(_________________)
____________________________________________________________________
______
4.A foreign company can encourage its employments to study languages.
(_________________)
____________________________________________________________________
______
5.We mustn`t do this because it`s against the laws.
(_________________)
____________________________________________________________________
______
6.Some terms may be included in such exemptions.
(_________________)
____________________________________________________________________
______
7.She must be in trouble in the traffic because she never comes to work late.
(_________________)____________________________________________________
______________________
8.People should be in contact with a foreign language more often, otherwise they won`t
memorize new vocabulary and structures.
(_________________)
____________________________________________________
9.Companies should develop equipment, processes and goods that are ecologically
clean.
(_________________)
____________________________________________________________________
______

67

68

PUZZLE
Existem dezessete palavras no quadro abaixo. Encontre-as e indique a traduo de
cada uma delas, relacionando as colunas (as que no souber deixe em branco).
Comece localizando os cognatos.
E

69

VOCABULARY
1) COMPUTER
2) DATA
3) FEATURE
4) TO STORE
5) TO PERFORM
6) BEADS
7) RODS
8) DEVICES
9) TOOTHED WHEELS
10)TO HANDLE
11) CARRIES
12)DIGIT
13)ENGINE
14)PROGRAM
15)SINCE THEN
16)DEVELOPED
17)VERY MUCH

( ) rodas dentadas; engrenagens

( ) contas (pequenas bolas com orifcio
( ) caractersticas; trao
( ) dados
( ) muito; bastante
( ) mquina; motor; mecanismo
( ) computador
( ) guardar; armazenar
( ) desenvolvido
( ) dgito; qualquer numeral de 0 a 9
( ) manipular; lidar com
( ) desempenhar
( ) varetas; hastes
( ) desde essa poca
( ) programa (srie de instrues)
( ) transportes; transferncias
( ) dispositivos
COMPUTERS: START POINT

A computer is a machine capable of executing computations on data. The distinguishing

feature of a computer is its ability to store its own instructions and to performance
thousands of operations each second.
The Abacus, on which information is stored by moving beads along rods, was one of the
earliest calculating devices. Blaise Pascal developed an adding machine in 1642 that
used toothed wheel to handle carries from on digit to the next. Charles Babbage
developed the concept of a stored program computer when he designed a calculating
engine in 1833.
The first electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator), which was built for the U.S. Army in 1945. In the same year John Von
Neumann introduced the modern concept of a stores program computer, in which the
computer memory can store both programs and data.
Since then computer technology has developed very much.
(Adaptado de Galante, Ingls bsico para informtica,1992, p.9)
Responda s questes de acordo com o texto:
1) Quem desenhou uma mquina calculadora e em que ano?
________________________________
2) Qual foi o primeiro computador eletrnico digital e em que ano foi construdo?
_________________
3) Ligue as colunas de acordo com a traduo.
Dados
(
) Hard disk
Teclado
(
) Floppy disk
Disquete
(
) Data
Disco rgido
(
) Memory
Memria
(
) Keyboard
70

4) Coloque verdadeiro (V) ou falso (F): No grupo nominal electronic digital computer
podemos afirmar que:
a) computer e digital so modificadores
( )
b) electronic e digital so modificadores
( )
c) electronic e computer so modificadores
( )
d) computer o ncleo
( )
e) electronic o ncleo
( )
5) Escreva um breve resumo relatando sobre o que trata o texto.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
6) Retire do texto cinco (05) palavras cognatas com traduo:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
7)

Retire

do

texto

um

(01)

falso

cognato

sua

traduo.___________________________
8) Assinale abaixo, o nico facilitador e/ou estratgia que NO foi utilizada na leitura do texto.
Justifique sua resposta.
Dicas tipogrficas;
Cognatos e palavras familiares;
Scanning;
Skimming;
Conhecimento de mundo.
9) D a traduo da sigla ENIAC.
__________________________________________________________
1) Relacione os cognatos e falsos cognatos encontrados no texto:
COGNATOS

FALSOS

2) Qual o assunto principal abordado no texto?

_____________________________________________
3) Qual a definio de computador?
_____________________________________________________
4) Cite

as

siglas

existentes

no

texto.______________________________________________________
71

5) Em que ano Charles Babbage desenhou uma mquina calculadora?

__________________________
6) Qual foi um dos primeiros dispositivos de calcular e como funcionava?
______________________________________________________________________
______________7) Qual foi o primeiro computador eletrnico digital?______________________________
8) Em

que

ano

foi

construdo?

________________________________________________

IMPERATIVO
A forma imperativa, utilizada para ordenar ou pedir algo, possui a mesma forma do
infinitivo do verbo, sem to:
To repair: consertar

Repair the terminal.

Please repair the equipment.
Repair the engine, please.

Para formar o imperativo negativo, coloca-se do not (dont) antes do verbo:

To press: pressionar

Dont press this button.

Please dont press the button.
Dont press this button, please

Com Let us (Lets) = vamos:

Usado antes do infinitivo do verbo, sem to, para sugerir ou convidar algum para uma
ao conjunta.
Lets load the peripherals.
Lets stop.
Lets go.
EXERCISES:
Relacione as colunas de acordo com a traduo:
1) DRAG

) INCLUA

2) PRESS

) MUDE

3) CLICK

) PRESSIONE

4) CLOSE

) APAGUE

5) MOVE

) ARRASTE

6) GRAB

) PUXE

7) SELECT

) ABRA

8) OPEN

) CLIQUE
72

9) PUSH

) EXECUTE

10) PULL

) CANCELE

11) DELETE

) FECHE

12) RUN

) MOVA

13) INSTALL

) INSIRA

14) INSERT

) EMPURRE

15) INCLUDE

16) CHANGE
17) CANCEL

(
(

) SELECIONE
)

PEGUE

INSTALE

WHAT IS DESKLOOP?
Imagine yourself at the center of a virtual loop where all the windows you use are
spread out around you. Whichever window you need to view can be centered in front of
you with a click of a button.
Take this idea and zoom into your pc environment. With Deskloops, all the windows you
have open are aligned side by side in a loop-like order. No more countless windows
arranged one on top of the other in a confusing manner. You can access all the
information you need and navigate through it easily.
The loop can be rotated clockwise and counterclockwise simply by moving the cursor
to the edge of the screen and using right click.
Think of the loop as a dynamic rubber band; with each newly opened window the loop
automatically grows. With every closed or minimized window, the loop becomes smaller.
Anytime you want to return to the desktop, double click on Deskloops tray icon and the
windows will shift aside in one swift motion.
http://www.xilokit.com/deskloops/deskloops.html
http://www.xilokit.com/deskloops/Deskloops_UserGuide.pdf

73

EXERCISE
Leia o texto acima e faa os exerccios a seguir:
a) Circule todos os verbos na forma imperativa.
b) De a traduo de todas as palavras em negrito, inclusive o titulo.

c) Relacione os cognatos e familiares encontrados no texto.

SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE (Computer), computer program; instructions that cause the hardware
(machine) to do work. Software can be divided into a number of categories based on the
types of work done by programs. The two primary software categories are operating
system which control the workings of the computer, and application software which
addresses the multitude of tasks for which people use computers. Operating System
includes programming languages and utility programs. Application Software includes
software that executes accounting, word processing, data management,
Fonte: Sistema Operacional Windows Server 2000.
communications and graphics. Two additional categories are network software which
enable groups of computers to communicate and language software which provide
programmers the tools they need to write programs. See also OPERATING SYSTEM;
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
Excerpted from Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia
1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

74

Complete o diagrama com informaes retiradas do texto:

SOFTWARE
CATEGORIAS
SISTEMA

SOFTWARE DE
LINGUAGEM

OPERACIONAL

CARACTERSTICAS

________________

________________
________________
________________
________________
________________

COMUNICAO

_____________

SOFTWARE PIRACY
Software piracy is the unauthorized and illegal duplication of copyrighted computer
software. The most common forms include copying for personal use, for use among
employees of a company, and for resale. The latter includes manufacturing of
counterfeit packages that pretend to be originals.
Piracy is the most widespread computer crime. The Software Publishers Association
(SPA), the principal trade group of the personal computing software industry, estimated
that in 1994 the industry lost $8.08 billion worldwide due to illegal copying of operating
systems, education, entertainment, or personal productivity software.
Excerpted from The 1996 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia.
1995 Grolier Incorporated. All rights reserved.
Questes sobre o texto:
1. Quais foram todos os tipos de pirataria mencionados no texto?
_______________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________
2. De acordo com o texto, a pirataria considerada um crime? Retire do texto a
sentena
que
afirma
ou
nega
isso?
______________________________________________________________________
_____
______________________________________________________________________
______________

75

3)
O
que

a
SPA?
O
que
esta
sigla
significa?
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________
4) Observe a palavra grifada: The latter includes the manufacturing of counterfeit
packages that pretend to be originals. Ela um cognato ou um falso-cognato? Qual o
seu real significado? ________________
______________________________________________________________.
Text:

VIRTUAL REALITY
Researchers in computer imaging technology are developing systems by which
users can experience a simulated three-dimensional reality (3D). This simulated reality
is known as virtual reality (VR). Sometimes the term cyberspace is used as synonym
with VR.
Since the 1970s, technologists have learned how to produce animated computer
images of objects that exhibit colors, textures and special changings. The images can
also be subjected to changing light conditions and to simulated effects of gravity and
other forces. The results can look as real as actual motion pictures.
The further aim of technologists is to make it for person t enter and actually
manipulate VR. This is being achieved by having an observer who wears a headgear
through which computer images are displayed on small screens in front of the eyes. At
the same time, gloves that are equipped with sensors are transmitting apparent changes
of body orientation in VR. A simpler form of these VR techniques is seen in the flight
simulators used for training pilots.
Adapted from: Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc.,
1996

Questes sobre o texto: (Compreenso)

1) O que os pesquisadores da rea de tecnologia de imagem computacional esto

desenvolvendo?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________.
2) O que Realidade Virtual? Qual a sua sigla (em Ingls)?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________.
76

3) D um sinnimo de Virtual Reality?

_____________________________________
4) Quando iniciaram-se as pesquisas com VR? Como eram feitas?
______________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________
5) O que pretendiam as pesquisas posteriores?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________
Vocabulrio Tcnico
6) Encontre no texto as palavras ou expresses que se referem s seguintes
definies:
a. People who work in technology area: ____________________________
b. Three-dimensional reality: ____________________________________
c. Another name for monitor or display: ___________________________
Gramtica Contextualizada ING
7) Classifique os INGs encontrados no texto em gerndio, substantivo ou verbo:
a. Researchers in computer imaging technology are developing systems
_____________________________
__________________________
b. images of objects that exhibit colors, textures and special changings
__________________________
c. This is being achieved by having an observer who
____________________ ______________________
d. gloves that are equipped with sensors are transmitting changes
____________________
e. flight simulators used for training pilots.
_______________________

77

OPERATING SYSTEM

The most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose

computer must have an operating system to run other programs. Operating systems
perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to
the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and
powers. It is like a traffic cop -- it makes sure that different programs and users
running at the same time do not interfere with each other. The operating system is
also responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the
system.
Operating systems can be classified as follows:
multi-user : Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some
operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.
multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one CPU.
multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.
multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.
real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such
as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
Operating systems provide a software platform on top of which other programs,
called application programs, can run. The application programs must be written to
run on top of a particular operating system. Your choice of operating system,
therefore, determines to a great extent the applications you can run. For PCs, the
most popular operating systems are DOS, OS/2, and Windows, but others are
available, such as Linux. As a user, you normally interact with the operating system
through a set of commands. For example, the DOS operating system contains
commands such as COPY and RENAME for copying files and changing the names
of files, respectively. The commands are accepted and executed by a part of the
operating system called the command processor or command line interpreter.
Graphical user interfaces allow you to enter commands by pointing and clicking at
objects that appear on the screen.
Vocabulrio
1.
Passe para o Portugus as expresses abaixo retiradas do texto:
78

a. General-purpose computer - ___________________________________

b. Operating system - __________________________________________
c. Basic tasks - ________________________________________________
d. Peripheral devices - __________________________________________
e. Different programs and users - _________________________________
2.

Encontre no texto as seguintes palavras em Ingls:

a. Teclado - _______________
b. Tela - __________________
c. Usurios - _______________
d. Diretrios - ______________

e. Segurana - ______________
f. Acessar - ________________
g. Aplicativos - _____________
h. Processador - _____________

79

3.
O que um Sistema Operacional, de acordo com a definio do texto?
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________
4.
Quais so as funes do Sistema Operacional?
- ___________________________________________________________
- ___________________________________________________________
- ___________________________________________________________
- ___________________________________________________________
5.
-

Como ele pode ser classificado?

________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

6.
O que faz o multi-user?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________.
7.
Quais so os mais populares Sistemas Operacionais para PCs?
8.
Como so aceitos e executados os comandos do Sistema Operacional?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
9. Passe a seguinte sentena do texto para o Portugus: The Operating System is also
responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
10) O que possui o Sistema Operacional DOS e para que serve?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

_____________

FILME: PIRATES OF SILICON VALLEY

Vamos falar um pouco da histria de grandes empresas como a Microsoft e Apple,

que esto relacionadas a sua rea de estudo. Para isso, faremos uma anlise e

comentaremos as partes principais do filme Pirates of Silicon Valley. Posteriormente,

voc o assistir !
Os Piratas do Vale de Silcio (1999) um docudrama dirigido por Martyn Burke,
baseado no livro: Fogo no Vale, que documenta a ascenso do computador domstico
ou PERSONAL COMPUTER. Mostra a rivalidade entre os computadores da Apple (Apple
II e o Apple Macintosh) e os da Microsoft (Altair de MITS, DOS, PC da IBM, e Windows).
A histria central do filme comea nos anos 70, no campus de Berkeley UC durante o
perodo do movimento livre do discurso e as atribulaes do estudante Bill Gates, dos
trabalhos de Steve, dos amigos de infncia (Noah Wyle) e do Steve Wozniak (Joey
Slotnick), que daria forma ao computador da Apple, o do amigo Paul Allen (Josh
Hopkins), que iniciaria a Microsoft.
Na primeira cena, Steve Jobs e Steve Wosniak aparecem nos preparativos da
produo de um comercial que ficou muito famoso nos EUA. Trata-se do lanamento do
Machintosh. Esse comercial foi exibido uma nica vez, num evento de visibilidade muito
grande (uma final de campeonato esportivo); o equivalente no Brasil seria uma final de
campeonato nacional de futebol.
Steve Jobs , vivido pelo ator Noah Wyle, olha para a cmera com um ar manaco e
diz: No quero que voc pense nisso s como um filme. Ns estamos reescrevendo a
histria da humanidade.
Pirates of Silicon Valley, de 1999, conta a histria do computador pessoal de um jeito
muito divertido, apesar de conter exageros. Retrata com preciso as diferenas entre os
grandes inventores do computador pessoal: Jobs, Bill Gates e a IBM.
Assista agora ao filme e anote os aspectos relevantes da histria. Posteriormente,
voc responder algumas questes sobre ele; portanto, fique atento!
1) Qual foi o primeiro microcomputador comercialmente lanado?Por qual empresa?
Esse computador teve sucesso? Por qu?
2) Cite uma cena empreendedora do filme que para ser descrita use-se o termo
capitalismo de risco.

3) Cite duas cenas em que empresas grandes observaram tecnologias inovadoras e no

lhes deram valor (cite a empresa e a tecnologia). Por que essas empresas foram
incapazes de
reconhecer o potencial dessas tecnologias?
4) Quem disse a frase O lucro est no hardware, e no no software? Descreva a cena
em que isso foi dito.Comente essa frase.
5) Por que a mudana de percepo de valor que o mercado dava para hardware e
software mudou tanto do momento em que essa frase foi dita para o momento atual?
6) Cite cenas do filme que para serem descritas use-se o termo
inteligncia competitiva.
7) Cite alguns comentrios feitos por Bill Gates sobre estratgias comerciais. O que
voc acha delas?
8) Descreva as expectativas de Paul Alen e do dono da Seatle Computers no momento
em que ele pretendia comprar DOS dele.
9)Qual era o risco de Paul Alen no caso de no conseguir comprar o produto? Qual era a
percepo de valor que o dono da Seatle Computers tinha sobre o DOS?
10) Quem era o autor da frase:Bons artistas copiam, grandes artistas roubam?
Comente essa frase.
11) Com relao Direito e tica, o que podemos concluir sobre o filme?
12) No decorrer do filme apareceram vrios grupos nominais, escreva cinco deles.
13) Justifique a frase: O grande sucesso de Bill Gates e Steve Jobs se deu atravs de
suas habilidades comunicativas.

Programming Languages
Just as there are many human languages, so there are many computer languages. In
the early days, people programmed using the computers binary code, or what we call
`machine language. When this became difficult, mnemonics were used to make life
easier. This is called `assembly language programming. Finally, there are the high-level
languages like BASIC, FORTRAN, and ALGOL. These are much more similar to
everyday language, and are translated directly or indirectly into the computers machine
code using the computers firmware.
BASIC is the language most often used to introduce programming.

Some help

just as = assim como

in the early days = no princpio, no incio
mnemonics = arte de desenvolver a memria mediante processos auxiliares como a
associao.
to make easier = tornar mais fcil
high-level = alto nvel
firmware = software` armazenado em ROM em vez de disco
1)
Sabendo-se que a expresso computers binary code est no Caso Genitivo;
a correspondente em Portugus :
a)
b)
c)
d)
2)

computador de cdigo binrio

computao binria de cdigo
cdigo de computao binria
cdigo binrio do computador
Retire do texto outras duas expresses que estejam no Caso Genitivo:

a) _________________________________________________.
b) _________________________________________________.

Machine Language
This is the language which the computer actually understands inside itself. Machine
language statements are written in a binary code, and each statement corresponds to
one machine action.
A program written in high-level language is often called a `source program, and it
cannot be directly processed by the computer until it has been compiled, which means
interpreted into machine code. Usually a single instruction written in a high-level
language, when transformed into machine code, results in several instructions. But some
computers can be programmed directly in machine code.

Some help

statements = programas so compostos por `statements, isto , instrues, comandos.

compiled = traduzido em linguagem de mquina; compilado.
a single = um nica

3)
Transcreva da sentena o Grupo Nominal nela existente e passe toda a sentena
para o Portugus:
But some computers can be programmed directly in machine code.
Grupo Nominal:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____.
De acordo com o texto, um programa escrito em linguagem de alto nvel
freqentemente chamado de:
a)
b)
c)
d)
4)

machine code
machine language
source program
several instructions
Assinale a alternativa que preenche a afirmao de acordo com o texto:

Cada comando corresponde a _____________________________.

a) um programa fonte
b) um cdigo binrio
c) um cdigo de mquina
d) um ao da mquina

Assembly Languages
Assembly language is a programming language that talks fairly directly to the
computer. Unlike machine language, which is what the computer understands, assembly
language is mnemonic, so that it can be understood and remembered more easily by a
human being; in fact, assembly language is really just machine language in mnemonic
form.
Assembly languages are specific to a given CPU chip and are named after it (8080
assembly language, 6809 assembly language, etc.) They are harder to program than a
high-level language, but they produce programs that are more efficient and run faster.

Some help
fairly = quase
are named = recebem o nome
unlike = ao contrrio de, diferente de
after it de acordo com ele (chip
just = apenas, justamente
CPU = Central Processing Unit
5)
Na sentena do texto que est sublinhada, o pronome They refere-se palavra:

a) languages
b) CPU
6)

c) programs
d) chip

Assinale a alternativa em que h um Grupo Nominal:

a) directly to the computer

b) machine language

c) more easily
d) the computer understand

7)
a)
a)
b)
c)
d)

Complete as sentences com some ou any:

There are ______________ complex Mathematical problems.
I cant find ______________ texts on `Time-sharing`.
There isnt ______________ time for transmitting new data.
Do you have _____________ good marks?
There are ______________ printers in this room.

High-Level Languages
A high-level languages is a computer programming language designed to allow people
to write programs without having to understand the inner workings of the computer.
They are fairly close to natural languages like English and most have been written for
one particular type of application or another. For example, ALGOL has been written for
general applications, COBOL for business applications, FORTRAN for mathematics work
and BASIC for general purpose introductory programming.
High-level languages are easier to program than assembly languages, but generally
produce programs that are less efficient and run slower.

Some help

designed to = planned to = planejada, projetada

inner workings = trabalhos internos, o que se passa dentro.
close to = near = perto de, parecidas
most = a maioria
general-purpose = objetivo geral
8)
a)
b)
c)
d)
9)

Na expresso computer programming language a palavra em destaque :

gerndio (programando)
verbo (programar)
substantivo (programao)
particpio(programado)
Assinale a alternativa correta, de acordo com o texto:

a) Linguagens de alto nvel so _______________________ de programar do que

linguagem assembly.
1) mais difceis
2)mais fceis

b)
Linguagens
de
alto
nvel
produzem
programas
_________________________ do que linguagem assembly.
1-menos eficientes
2-mais eficientes

que

c) Programas em linguagem de alto nvel `rodam ________________________.

1-mais rpido
2-mais lento

so

Internet

Internet started in 1969, in a military project in which 21 computers were linked. This
means that a person in one oh those computers could read the files of any other
computer in the same network. This project was called ARPANET. During the 70s and 80
s, computer technology developed vary fast. Networks were developed, like the
ARPANET.You will do everything through Internet: shopping, electronic forums, debates
etc. The Internet will be the necessary basis for our everyday life. (Adapted from Sun,
Amos)
Questions
Leia o texto acima, aplique as estratgias de leitura e responda:
1) O que o texto afirma sobre a Internet? Escolha apenas uma alternativa correta e
traduza na linha abaixo.
a) will be a military reality in the future
b) will be important for everyone
c) is made of 21 computers
d) can be used to develop technology very fast
e) teachers computer skills
traduo:
_______________________________________________________________________
________
2) Explique o que ARPANET. Resposta em portugus.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
3) De acordo com o texto a frase computers were linked pode ser traduzida como:
a) computadores esto ligados
b) computadores eram desligados
c) computadores no eram conectados
d) computadores esto conectados
e) computadores estavam conectados
4) Explique o que aconteceu entre os anos 70 e 80?
________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
5) traduza a frase: a person in one of those computers could read the files of any other
computer

in

the

same

network.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________

JAVA
Who is the champion in the world about plataforms! If you said windows, youre
wrong. The champion in technology is Java. It was created by sun to work in receptors
of cable TV, adapted for Internet and later to PDA s, cell phones and similars.
Java is a program language. Softwares that are writen in this language can be
executed in any dispositive, since it has the operational system.
This independence is possible due to the fact that this technology is based in a
complex software that permits to execute any order.
The name arose from a conversation among programmers in a coffee shop Java
is one kind of coffee from Java island. From the name, others have arisen at the same
time: Java beans Hot Java- only to exemplify. The stylistic cup is the famous reference.
And there is one thing that only programmers know. The first four bytes of any file class
are in hexadecimal, OXCAFEBABE.
Finally, about micro Edition, we have Java me, more known as Jame.
Java logo (created by sun)
(adapted from Internet Magazine, by Niuza Barone Peres, June, 2006)
Comprehension questions.
1.
Who
is
the
champion
in
technology?
___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
2.
What
is
Java?
______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________
______________
3. Como surgiu a marca e aonde?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
4. Em que esta tecnologia baseada?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
5. Circule os Cognatos e relacione as familiares encontradas no texto.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
6. Qual empresa criou a tecnologia mencionada no texto?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________

HOW IS COMPUTER USED?

A computer is used first as a number processor, to continue to perform accurate and
quick computations. Second, as data processor, to handle, process, and print huge
quantities of data. Third, as an information analyzer, to aid and improve decision-making.
And finally, as a knowledge processor, to make available to the public vast banks as
information through electronic channels called networks.
Examples of these four major users are:
Adding up the daily transactions at a bank (number processing)
Printing the charge account statements of a major department store (data processing)
Projecting sales for an industrial manufacturer (information analyzing);
Planning a vacation schedule (knowledge processing).

Source: (Galante, Ingls para informtica.)

VOCABULARY
Accurate = careful and exact = precisas, certeiras.
Quick = speedy, rapid = velozes, rpidas.
Huge = immense, enormous = enormes, colossais, imenso, vasto.
Decision-making = tomada de posio / tomada de deciso.
Available = acessible = disponveis, acessveis.
Networks = redes (de comunicao).
Adding up = achar a soma de
Charge account statements = relatrios de contas de crdito e dbito.
Vacation schedule = escala ou programao de frias.
Aid = auxiliar.
Major = principal
To handle = manipular
EXERCISES
1) Escreva abaixo os principais usos de um computador.
First
as___________________________________________________________________
Second
as_________________________________________________________________
Third
as__________________________________________________________________
Finally
as_________________________________________________________________
2) Ligue os exemplos e os usos.
(a) planning a vacation schedule
( ) data processing
(b) printing the charge account statements
( ) number processing
(c) projecting sales for an industrial manufacturer
( ) knowledge processing
(d) Adding up the daily transactions at a bank
( ) information analyzing
3) Escreva as palavras familiares encontradas no texto e suas tradues.
FAMILIAR

TRADUO

4) Siga o exemplo. (to process, processor, processing)

a) to
analyse,_______________________________________________________________

b) to project,
______________________________________________________________
c) to print,
________________________________________________________________
d) to plan,
________________________________________________________________
5) D a traduo das palavras do exerccio anterior.

6) Qual a fonte do texto?

1) Escreva um breve pargrafo explicando o que voc entendeu sobre o texto.

How to remove malicious software from your computer? Published: August 30, 2005
Finding and extracting unwanted program
Despite your best efforts, you may occasionally download a program you don't want.
Here are some ways to remove it. (Note that you may not be able to remove some
programs.)
Run the Malicious Software Removal Tool
Make sure your anti-spyware software is current, and then scan your system, following
the instructions on your screen.
If you've downloaded something that's wreaking havoc on your systemslowing it to a
crawl, causing it to crash frequently, etc.try using the Malicious Software Removal Tool.
This tool checks computers using Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows Server
2003 for specific malicious software and helps you remove it.
Disable a program by using Add-On Manager (Windows XP Service Pack 2 only)
If your anti-spyware program and the Malicious Software Removal Tool don't solve the
problem, you may be able to disable the troublemaker through Add-On Manager.
1.Open Internet Explorer.

2.On the Tools menu, click Manage Add-ons.

3.In the list of add-ons, click to select the one you want to disable, and then click Disable in
the Settings section in the bottom half of the Manage Add-ons box. Look for add-ons you
didn't accept or don't recognize.
4.Click OK.
Tip: Add-ons are programs that extend the capabilities of Internet Explorer, for example,
toolbars or programs that let you accomplish tasks such as making hotel reservations or
searching the Internet. But there are also add-ons you wouldn't want, such as those that
redirect your search to their own Web site or change your homepage.
2005 Microsoft
Corporation. All rights reserved
1) Aplicando a tcnica de skimming responda sobre que o texto trata?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________

2) O que : Malicious Software Removal Tool? Responda em portugus.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
3) De acordo com o texto, o que Add-ons: responda em portugus.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
4) Por quais dois motivos um usurio pode no querer algum tipo de Add-ons? Em
portugus.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________
5) Quais as sugestes que o texto apresenta para solucionar o problema? Cite todos.
Responda em portugus.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____________________________

COBOL
COBOL is a third-generation programming language, and one of the oldest
programming languages still in active use. Its name is an acronym for COmmon
Business-Oriented Language, its defining its primary domain in business, finance, and
administrative systems for companies and governments. The COBOL 2002 standard
includes support for object-oriented programming and other modern language features.
History and specification
In a meeting held at the Pentagon on May 28 and 29, 1959, organized by Charles
Phillips, COBOL was initially created in 1947 by The Short Range Committee, that was
formed to recommend a short range approach to a common business language.
It was made up of members representing six computer manufacturers and three
government agencies. In particular, the six computer manufacturers were Burroughs
Corporation, IBM, Minneapolis-Honeywell (Honeywell Labs), RCA, Sperry Rand, and
Sylvania Electric Products. The three government agencies were the US Air Force, the
David Taylor Model Basin, and the National Bureau of Standards (Now NIST).
This committee was chaired by a member of the NBS. An Intermediate-Range
Committee and a Long-Range Committee were proposed at the Pentagon meeting as
well. However although the Intermediate Range Committee was formed, it was never
operational; and the Long-Range Committee was never even formed. In the end a subcommittee of the Short Range Committee developed the specifications of the COBOL
language.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL
Leia o texto acima, aplique as estratgias de leitura e responda:
1) Segundo o texto, qual o conceito de COBOL? Responda em portugus.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________

2) Observe a frase: recommend a short range approach to a common business

language.
Qual traduo de common business language?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
3)
O
que
ocorreu
em
28
e
29
de
maio
________________________________________________________

de

1959:

_______________________________________________________________________
______________
3) O que inclui o Padro COBOL 2002? Responda em portugus.
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
5) A que se define o domnio primrio do COBOL?
______________________________________________________________________
_______________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
6) Quais so os seis fabricantes de computadores mencionados no texto?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
_______________________________________________________________________
______________

LOADING THE DOCUMENT

Up to 20 pages can be placed in the feeder at one time. The pages will be automatically
fed into the fax starting from the page on the bottom.

If you need to send or copy more than 20 pages, place the additional pages gently
and carefully in the feeder just before the last page is scanned. Do not try to force
them in, as this may cause double-feeding or jamming.
If your document consists of several large or thick pages which must be loaded
one at a time, insert each page into the feeder as the previous page is being
scanned. Insert gently to prevent double-feeding.

Adjust the document guide on the

right side of the feeder to the width

of your document.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2
Place the document face down and
push it gently into the document
feeder. The top edge of the document should enter the fax first.

The feeder will draw the leading

edge of the document into the fax.
READY TO SEND will appear in
the display.
You can now make resolution and/
or contrast settings as described in
the following section, or dial the
other party as described in the section, Dialing and transmission.

Important
If you need to remove the document from the feeder before the transmission or copying,
first open the operation panel by pulling the front edge up and then remove the document.
If you try to pull out the document without opening the operation panel, you may damage
the feeder mechanism.
Source: FACSIMILE OPERATION
MANUAL / SHARP

Questes sobre o texto:

1) Como voc deve proceder se precisar enviar ou copiar mais de 20 pginas?

_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
2) Qual deve ser o primeiro passo para se carregar o aparelho?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
3) Qual o segundo passo?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
4) O que pode acontecer se voc abrir puxar o documento sem abrir o painel de
operao?
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
5) Grife no texto a seguir 5 verbos modais e os seus verbos principais.
Wireless Networking
The term wireless networking refers to technology that enables two or more computers to
communicate using standard network protocols, but without network cabling. Strictly
speaking, any technology that does this could be called wireless networking. The current
buzzword however generally refers to wireless LANs. This technology, fuelled by the
emergence of cross-vendor industry standards such as IEEE 802.11, has produced a
number of affordable wireless solutions that are growing in popularity with business and
schools as well as sophisticated applications where network wiring is impossible, such as
in warehousing or point-of-sale handheld equipment.
There are two kinds of wireless networks:
a.
An Hoc or Peer-to Peer wireless network consists of a number of computers
each equipped with a wireless networking interface card. Each computer can
communicate directly with all of the other wireless enabled computers. They can share
files and printers this way, but may not be able to access wired LAN resources, unless
one of the computers acts as a bridge to the wired LAN using special software. (This is
called "bridging")
Figure 1: Ad-Hoc or Peer-to Peer Networking.
Each computer with a wireless interface can communicate directly with all of the others.

b.
A wireless network can also use an access point, or base station. In this
type of network the access point works like a hub, providing connectivity for the wireless
computers. It can connect (or "bridge") the wireless LAN to a wired LAN, allowing wireless
computer access to LAN resources, such as file servers or existing Internet Connectivity.
There are two types of access points:
i.
Dedicated hardware access points (HAP) such as Lucent's
WaveLAN, Apple's Airport Base Station or WebGear's AviatorPRO. (See Figure 2).
Hardware access points offer comprehensive support of most wireless features, but
check your requirements carefully.
ii.
Software Access Points which run on a computer equipped with a
wireless network interface card as used in an ad-hoc or peer-to-peer wireless network.
(See Figure 3) The Vicomsoft InterGate suites are software routers that can be used as a
basic Software Access Point, and include features not commonly found in hardware
solutions, such as Direct PPPoE support and extensive configuration flexibility, but may
not offer the full range of wireless features defined in the 802.11 standard.
With appropriate networking software support, users on the wireless LAN can share files
and printers located on the wired LAN and vice versa. Vicomsoft's solutions support file
sharing using TCP/IP.
Figure 2: Hardware Access Point.
Wireless connected computers using a Hardware Access Point.

Figure 3: Software Access Point.

Wireless connected computers using a Software Access Point.

Leia o texto e responda:

1) O que uma rede de trabalho sem fio?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2) Em que consiste a rede de trabalho sem fio Hoc ou Peer to peer?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________
3) Uma rede de trabalho sem fio pode tambm usar um ponto de acesso, ou uma
estao base. Como este ponto de acesso trabalha?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________
4) Quantos tipos de rede de trabalho sem fio existem, de acordo com o texto?

____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________
5) Escreva o que as figuras 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente representam?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
6) Retire do texto dez 10 cognatas e 10 familiares.
7) Circule abaixo todos os facilitadores e/ou estratgias utilizados na anlise e
interpretao do texto.
a) Dicas tipogrficas
d) Skimming
b) Cognatos e palavras familiares
e) Conhecimento de mundo
c) Scanning
9) Com base no texto, circule a alternativa em que todas as palavras so falsos
cognatos.
a) refers, term
b) more, file
c) using, interface
a) directly, generally
e) business, wireless
10)Retire do texto cinco (05) afixos (prefixos ou sufixos) com traduo.
AFIXO

TRADUO

11) Retire do texto cinco (05) grupos nominais com traduo.

GRUPO NOMINAL

TRADUO

12)De acordo com o texto, a quem os pronomes em destaque se referem?

That:________________________________________________________________
______
They:________________________________________________________________
______

Which:______________________________________________________________
_______
13) D a traduo das palavras abaixo
1. To change
2. To connect
____________________________
___________________________
3. To develop
4. To
___________________________
feed__________________________
____
5. To handle
6. To have
____________________________
_____________________________
_
7. To improve
8. To perform
___________________________
___________________________
9. To plan
_____________________________
_
11. To save
_____________________________
_
13. To supply
____________________________
15. User
_____________________________
___
17. Way
_____________________________
___
19. Wizard
_____________________________
_

10. To run
_____________________________
__
12. To set up
_____________________________
14. Tool
_____________________________
___
16. Very much
___________________________
18. Wireless
_____________________________
20. Workgroup
___________________________

Photo
Your CV
Example:
NAME: Gavin H Alvarez
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
ADDRESS: 26 Dryfield Road

Cambridge CB2 2DS

_______________________________________________________________________
______________
TELEPHONE NUMBER: 01223 3268452
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
E-MAIL ADDRESS: gavinhalvarez@btinternet.com
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
DATE OF BIRTH: 14 June 1984
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
EDUCATION
1995 2000

Graves High School for Boys

Graves Avenue
Cambridge CB3 4RG
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
2000- 2002

Cam College of Engineering and Technology

Birch Road
Cambridge CB6 7YT
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
QUALIFICATIONS
2000

GCSEs: English, Maths, General Science, Design and

Technology, French, Spanish, Art, and History
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
2001
Level 1 Engineering and Technology foundation course
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
2002

Level 2 Computing course specializing in software

development
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
WORK EXPERIENCE
AUGUST SEPTEMBER 2000 Temporary job as IT assistant

at Norriss Aeronautics, Cambridge.

_______________________________________________________________________
______________
OCTOBER 2000 JUNE 2002

Saturday and holiday job testing computer games at

Silicompany, Cambridge.
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
OTHER INFORMATION

Bi-lingual in Spanish and English; clean driving licence

INTERESTS

Developing computer games, member of college

football team, photography, and playing the guitar
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
REFEREE

Ms Daisy Valentine (course tutor)

Cam College of Engineering and Technology Birch Road
- Cambridge CB6 7YT
_______________________________________________________________________
______________
Before you start
1 Have you ever had a part-time or work experience job? Tell your class:

what your job was

how you got it

Reading
2- Read the curriculum vitae (CV) quickly and choose the correct answers to the
questions below.
1 What is a CV?
a) A description of someones family, education, likes and dislikes.
b) A description of someones education, work experience, and skills.
2 How is a CV arranged?
a) under headings
b) like a letter
3 Read the CV again and decide if the sentences (1-7) below are true (T) or false (F).
1 Gavin Alvarez lives in Cambridge. ( )
2 He is a student at Cam College.
( )

3 He passed his GCSEs in 2001.

( )
4 He has had Saturday and holiday jobs since 2000. ( )
5 He left Cam College in 2000. ( )
6 He is quite good at languages. ( )
7 He isnt interested in technology. ( )
Writing
4 Write your own CV in English using qualifications you already have, or ones that you
think you might get in the future. Use Gavins CV as a model for your writing.
Name
Address
Telephone number
e-mail address
Date of birth
Education

Qualifications

Work experience
Other information
Interests
Referee
VOCABULARY APPROACH: KEYBOARD SYMBOLS AND PUNCTUATION MARKS

A) Look at the keys across the top of the computer keyboard and complete the
sentences.
1. ~ This is called a ______________________________________
2. ` This is called a ______________________________________
3. ! This is called an ______________________________________
4. @ This symbol means a______________________________________
5. # This symbol means ______________________________________

$ This is called a ______________________________________

% This symbol means ______________________________________
^ This symbol is called a ______________________________________
& This symbol is called an _____________________ and means _______________
10. * This symbol is called an ______________________________________
11. ( ) These two marks are called ______________________________________
12. - This is called a ______________________________________
13. + This symbol is called a ______________________________________
14. = This symbol is called an ______________________________________
6.
7.
8.
9.

B) Look around the computer keyboard and complete the sentences.

15. { } These marks are called ______________________________________
16. [ ] These marks are called ______________________________________
17. : This is called a ______________________________________
18. ; This is called a ______________________________________
19. " " These marks are called ______________________________________
20. " " In British English, these marks are called
______________________________________
21. ' This is called an ______________________________________
22. , This is called a ______________________________________
23. . This is called a period ______________________________________
24. . In British English, this is called a ______________________________________
25. ... Three periods together are called an
______________________________________
26. ? This is called a ______________________________________
27. / This is called a ______________________________________
28. \ This is called a ______________________________________
29. < > These marks are called ______________________________________
CROSSWORD
VERTICAIS
HORIZONTAIS
1) ampersand
2) and
3) angle brackets
4) apostrophe
5) asterisks
6) at
7) back slash
8) braces
9) brackets
10)circumflex
11) colon
12)comma
13)dollar sign
14)ellipsis
15)equal sign
16)exclamation mark
17)forward slash or virgule
18)full stop
19)grave or grave accent
20)hyphen
21)inverted commas
22)number
23)parentheses
24)per cent
25)period
26)plus sign
27)question mark
28)quotation marks or quotes
29)semicolon
30)tilde

Complete com as palavras da tabela acima(1/5/11/21/23/29 e 4/8/10/15/28)

Complete as lacunas com as palavras abaixo:

BLOGGER / COMPUTER / CHAT / USER / END USER / BLOG
A _______________ is a website in which items are posted on a regular basis and
displayed in reverse chronological order. This term is a shortened form of weblog. It
comprises text, hypertext, images, and links (to other web pages and to video, audio and
other files). It uses a conversational style of documentation. A person who posts these
entries is called a ___________.
_____________is a real-time communication between two users via computer. Once has
been initiated, either user can enter text by typing on the keyboard and the entered text
will appear on the other user's monitor. Most networks and online services offer its
feature.
___________ is an individual who uses a computer. This includes expert programmers as
well as novices. An _________is any individual who runs na application program.
A programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a ___________________
are:

It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.

It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program)

Referncias
BOECKNER, Keith & BROWN, P. Charles. Oxford English for Computing.Oxford:Oxford
University Press, 1996.
CASTLEMAN, R. K. Digital Image Processing. USA: Prentice Hall, 2000.
CRUZ, Dcio Torres & SILVA, Alba Valria & ROSAS, Marta. Ingls.com.textos para
informtica. Salvador: O Autor , 2001.
GALANTE, T. P. Ingls para Processamento de Dados. So Paulo: Atlas, 1996.
MARTINS, Elisabeth P. & PASQUALIN, Ernesto & AMOS, Eduardo. Graded English. So
Paulo: Moderna,1993.
MUNHOZ, Rosngela. Ingls Instrumental Estratgias de Leitura. Mdulo I. So Paulo:
TEXTO NOVO, 2000.
________.Ingls Instrumental Estratgias de Leitura. Mdulo II. So Paulo: TEXTO
NOVO, 2001.
Internet: sites diversos