Shree Swaminarayan Institue of Management,

Chhaya Main Road,

Chhaya- Porbandar.
Institute Code: 810
GCSR SUMMARY FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR
2012-13
Group : 1
Established under the Royal Charter issued by His Majesty the King on 21 February, 2010,
Bhutan Media Foundation (BMF) is entrusted with the responsible-capable of playing an
important role in the social, economic and political growth of the nation. While media in Bhutan
is grappling with political so -media are relatively young in Bhutan, is faced with challenges to
function sustainably. Moreover, Bhutanese media have very a crucial role to play in creating
conditions to pursue Bhutans developmental goal of Support and strengthening media industry
will only come through if there are information adequate to gauge the needs and challenges of the
industry. Theses the current situation of media and to generate any future planning by related
agencies for media development. The purpose of the study is to provide an information base
against which to monitor and assess media support activities progress and effectiveness during
implementation and after the activity is completed. It is thus intended to help related agencies that
render support towards media development set measureable targets based on the data generated
by this media baseline study. The study involved a series of consultations with various media
stakeholders, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), surveys and desk research. The
following are the key findings of the study and recommendations for way forward:

1. Lack of professionalism
Professionalism is the biggest issues of all. Theres serious dearth of media professionals in the
industry. The turnover rate for media people switching jobs and organizations is high. Lack of
adequate trainings and skills not only for journalists but also for other media professionals have
created challenges with professionalism.

2. Lack of public trust

Publics trust in media has drastically declined over the years. Media coverage is seen as
inaccurate and lacks in-depth analysis. Media consumers also think that some media are carrying
partisan views and get-ting politicized.

3. Lack of adequate technology and infrastructure

Most media organizations are not equipped with adequate technology and infrastructure to
function to their full potential. Integrating media technologies to innovate and create alternative
platforms for gathering, processing and distribution of media contents is challenging. Media

organizations still lack technical know-how to understand the full potential of using evolving
media technologies to improve their productivity.

4. Lack of enabling environment for media development

Media regulation is inadequate. The regulatory authority is grappling with evolving media
scenario of media convergence. While the Media Act 2006 is being amended, regulatory authority
are still struggling to develop regulations for all forms of media in the country.

5. Mushrooming of media houses

The study found that media industry in Bhutan is in a shaky and unstable situation . The
governments media license liberalization policy has invited so many media organizations into
the market which are vying for the same share of revenue from the government advertising. New
entrants are basically enticed by the lucrative advertising revenues than are motivated by
responsibility to inform and educate the people.

6. Urban centric coverage

The study also found that media coverage is mostly urban centric and lacks inclusion of views of
all sections of the society. Although media like radio has wider reach and audience, yet the
contents it delivered didnt necessarily reflect the overall views of the society. Most the media
contents reflected the issues and views of urban areas. In line with the above findings the study
proposes the following recommendations:
Strengthen and promote journalism profession as a career choice and
preferred job in the job market. Support the media organizations in
professional management of human resources and to retain the experienced
and trained media professionals. Provide trainings to media people in journalism and other media related professions as in circulation, marketing, graphics
and designs, vernacular journalism, media management, new media, etc.
Facilitate media literacy projects in order to build critical ability in people to
criticize and appreciate media contents and how they function in a
democratic society. Encourage citizen journalism by supporting bloggers and
online publishers. Support mainstream news media organizations to embrace
the new media technology to gather and distribute their contents. Facilitate
the ICT infrastructure sharing with media organizations, statutory agencies
and ICT service providers to develop integrated media technology.
Consolidate the regulatory practice of self-regulation and co-regulation
working in partnership with regulatory authority and media organizations.
Support media organizations to explore alter-native means of earning to
improve their sustainability and pursue true journalism. Encourage by
providing incentives to media organizations to expand their coverage on rural
issues to balance their contents. Render support to encourage sending
correspondents to far flung areas of the country by providing incentives and
facilities

Group :2

Travel and tourism grows due to strong increase in arrivals in 2012

Arrivals into Bhutan showed strong growth in 2012. Indian tourists remained the key
international arrivals, thanks to the number of schedule and charter flights, as well as a good
land transportation service, which is frequently used by Indian tourists visiting the country.
Non-Indian arrivals in 2012 were driven by Asian countries like Japan and China whilst
European tourists from the UK, Germany and France are also significant.
Local operators dominate travel and tourism
Travel and tourism in Bhutan is still occupied by local companies as they are more familiar
with the country than foreign companies. Bhutan government has been trying to encourage
foreign investment in Bhutan, focusing on attracting foreign investors to open high-end or
luxury-style businesses, such as 5-star hotels. The key player in the transportation is the
national airline such as Druk Air.
Online sales show good growth but remain small
Online services have been introduced in various categories, such as car rental, hotels, travel
retail and air transportation. Online sales showed healthy growth rates in every category in
2012 in current value terms, but continued to account for small shares of overall sales. The
government and Tourism Council of Bhutan have attempted to promote online services in
order to boost their popularity as the internet is seen as a key way of encouraging
international tourists to actually visit Bhutan.
Paro remains the only international airport, whereas Druk Air opens new routes
Paro is the only international airport in Bhutan and it remains to be the key entrance
especially for non-regional tourists meaning those who do not enter Bhutan from India,
Bangladesh and Maldives. Buddha Air ceased operations in 2011 due to heavy losses, making
Druk Air as the remaining schedule airline. Druk Air introduced new routes from Singapore
and Mumbai in September 2012 in order to attract more Asian and European visitors to
Bhutan. These new routes are the extension of Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Thailand routes
that Druk Air operated before.
Bhutan is expected to welcome more arrivals and grow its travel and tourism industry
in a sustainable way
The Tourism Council of Bhutan and the government aim to continue to make all non-regional
tourists pay a minimum daily charge of US$250 or US$200 per day depending on time period
of year for their visits over the forecast period. This is likely to result in only better-off
tourists who can afford to pay the charges visiting Bhutan. The country is keen to welcome
more international tourists in the future, but it wants to develop a travel and tourism industry
that will protect both the environment and the countrys natural resources. Air transportation
will continue to be dominated by Druk Air. Car rental will continue to be run by local
operators, and local and traditional hotels will continue to be promoted.

This country assistance program evaluation (CAPE) report presents an evaluation of the
Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance to Bhutan during 20012009. The CAPE updates
the 2005 evaluation of ADB assistance to Bhutan and assesses to what extent the 2005 CAPE
lessons and recommendations were reflected in ADB's subsequent country strategy and
programs.

ADB assistance. Since 2001, ADB has approved 12 new Asian Development Fund loans or
grants (in the total amount of $195 million), and one ordinary capital resources loan ($51
million), and nine project preparatory technical assistance (TA) projects ($6.7 million) for
nine investment projects and policy programs, 27 advisory TA projects ($10.8 million), and
three Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction TA grants ($3.5 million). Assistance was provided
for the energy sector (rural electrification, hydropower generation, and sector restructuring),
transport (highways construction and resurfacing, construction of rural feeder roads, limited
capacity development for road planning, safety, and asset management), finance and private
sector development (support for finance sector reforms and the creation of an enabling
environment for micro and small and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs], micro SME credit
lines, expansion of vocational training, and support for labor market and accounting reforms),
urban development (investment support for water and nonwater related infrastructure in
Thimphu, Phuentsholing, and Dagana), fiscal and debt management, health sector reforms,
and international communications.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been extensively involved in the Indian transport
sector over the past 20 years: by the end of 2006, it had made 25 loans totaling $5.28 billion
to the sector, or about one third of ADBs portfolio of public sector loans to the country.
ADBs support has gone to and state highways, and rural roads; railways; ports; and inland
waterways. Roads and highways accounted for 75% of ADBs loan investments in the sector.
ADB also provided 27 advisory technical assistance (TA) projects for sector restructuring,
institutional capacity building, system planning, tariff setting, and asset revaluation; and 31
project preparatory TA grants for transport project formulation. ADB has been the lead
development partner in the Indian transport sector.

The task of evaluating the performance of this portfolio faced several methodological and
practical challenges. Only 12 of ADBs transport sector projects in India have been
completed; 11 others are ongoing. Future changes in implementation efficiency, policy, and
unforeseen events will affect the final ratings of the ongoing projects. This sector assistance
program evaluation assesses ADBs interventions in roads and railways. Ports (from which

ADB withdrew after 1997) and inland waterways (to which ADB took a hesitant approach
before its exit in 2006) are analyzed only briefly in an appendix. Projects and subsectors are
rated on the basis of validated project completion reports, project performance evaluation
reports, discussions with officials of ADB and the Government, field visits, and interviews
with stakeholders. This report is based on facts drawn from close consultations with the
Government officials and ADB staff.

Demand for Transport Infrastructure Poor infrastructure, particularly in the transport sector,
is widely recognized as a major constraint on sustained, rapid economic growth in India. The
Government is making a massive effort to expand and improve the transport network to meet
the high demand, but the billions of dollars needed exceed its funding capacity. Private
investment must, therefore, complement public funding. Appropriate governance systems
need to be put in place to build an enabling framework for the private sector. While recent
experience shows that the private sector has responded to some projects under the National
Highways Development Program (NHDP), the private sector has been less interested in
projects in which there are concerns about financial viability or where it lacks experience in
implementing public-private partnerships.

The VISION 2030 Transportation Committee, led by community volunteer Richard Riley,
recently completed an Executive Summary of Transportation "Big Ideas" and
Recommendations for Hall County. This plan will support the need for two important actions
that are to take place in the community.
1) The Transportation Referendum vote for highway improvements and continued local
support to transit projects. The VISION 2030 Transportation Committee supports the passage
of the vote, which will be held on July 31, 2012.
2) The Gainesville-Hall Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is planning to assist the
City of Gainesville by conduction a comprehensive transportation study. The study will be a
8-10 month process and will kick off in August 2012.

Group :3

There is a wide difference between theoretically knowledge and practical knowledge about
handling and managing a business. Only theoretical knowledge cant help in managing
activities through practical study, knowledge and learning person can only become more
eligible and successful.
So to fulfil this purpose GTU has introduced the global Country Study Report. GCSR (Global
Country Study Report) was introduced with a vision to enable the students to enrich their
management knowledge with global perspectives in competitive scenarios. The GTU Allot
the different Country For the purpose of GCSR. Our Institutes country for GCSR is Bhutan.
The main purpose of this report is to find out the current and future business and democratic
opportunities of selected country towards the India/Gujarat. In this report we have do detail
analysis and the detail survey of on the selected sector/industry of the country which is
allotted.
Our GCSR country is Bhutan. The main object of this report is to find the current and the
future opportunities between Bhutan and India/Gujarat in the sector of mineral industry. The
Bhutan has many resources of mineral industry the Bhutan is Bhutan, which is a South Asian
country located in the Himalayas between China and India, produced cement, coal, dolomite,
ferrosilicon, gypsum, and limestone and exported cement, ferrosilicon, and gypsum. India
was Bhutans leading trade partner followed by Bangladesh. The mineral resources of Bhutan
include beryl, coal, copper, dolomite, graphite, gypsum, iron, lead, limestone, marble, mica,
precious stones, pyrite, quartzite, silver, slate, talc, tin, tungsten, and zinc. Bhutan's mineralresources information was sparse, largely because much of the country is extremely
mountainous and lacks roads. Systematic exploration and geologic mapping in Bhutan by the
Division of Geology and Mines of the Ministry of Trade and Industry, assisted by the
Geological Survey of India, were still at an early stage. The Himalayas are known, however,
to include thick sequences of carbonate rocks, and mineral reserves of dolomite, limestone,
and quartzite are considered to be quite large. According to an estimate by the United Nations
(1991), reserves of dolomite and limestone were about 13.4 billion metric tons and 121.2
million metric tons, respectively.
Following are the some data of minerals in Bhutan As well as in India.
Commodity Review Of Bhutan
Metals
Ferroalloys:
In 2010 and for the past several years, BFAL produced about 21,000 metric tons per year
(t/yr) of ferrosilicon, about 4,200 t/yr of silica fume, and about 2,400 t/yr of magnesium
ferrosilicon. BFAL had been the first established industrial venture in Bhutan. It utilized
hydroelectric power and local minerals to produce various ferroalloys and supplied the
markets in China, India, Japan, Singapore, and the United States.
Industrial Minerals
Sand and Gravel, Construction, and Stone, Dimension and Crushed:
Bhutans Natural Resources Development Co. Ltd. (NRDCL) operated and marketed the
output of the countrys sand and stone quarries. The NRDCL located transportation facilities
to control the cost of transporting sand and stone. Through the NRDCL, the Government
regulated the prices of sand and stone. 14
Dolomite :
Jigme Mining leased the Chunaikhola dolomite mine for 15 years beginning on May 15,
2005, and was eligible to extend the lease for another 15 years based on the DGMs Mining
Act, Rules & Regulations. Jigme Mining extracted dolomite, and its subsidiary Jigme
Industries Pvt. Ltd. manufactured dolomite products. Jigme Industries increased its annual
production capacity for dolomite products to 2 million metric tons (Mt) in 2010.

Mineral Fuels and Other Sources of Energy

In 2010, owing to increased production costs and increased demand, the countrys CPI for
fuels and lubricants increased by 5.69%, on average, compared with that of 2009, and the CPI
for electricity, gas, and other fuels increased by 3.72%, on average, compared with that of
2009. These increases reflected a rapid increase in the consumptions of fuels. Bhutan has
abundant hydroelectric power resources, which are used to keep electricity prices relatively
low.
Commodity Review Of India.
Metals
Bauxite and Alumina :
India was self-sufficient in bauxite with resources estimated to be 3,300 Mt in 841 known
deposits. The countrys resources ranked seventh in the world and most (55%) of them were
located in the State of Orissa.
Copper:
Refined copper production in India came from copper ore mined from domestic mines by
HCL and copper concentrate imported by Hindalco Industries Ltd. and Sterlite Industries Ltd.
(a unit of Vedanta Resources). Domestic copper ore was low grade and the manufacture of
refined copper from it was characterized by high energy consumption owing to the small
scale of the operations and minimal use of automation. In addition to the three primary
copper producers, Jagadia Copper Ltd. also produced about 50,000 t/yr of refined copper. As
a result, India was a net exporter of refined copper.
Iron and Steel:
National Mineral Development Corp. Ltd. (NMDC) transported 56,000 metric tons per day
(t/d) of iron ore and produced 9 Mt/yr from the State for domestic steelmakers. The State of
Karnataka banned the export of its iron ore to China in July 2010. The ban was to control
illegal miners who had been selling iron ore without paying taxes. 16
The State of Goa ceased exports of iron ore during the monsoon season; later, however, Goa
and the States of Jharkhand and Orissa decided to ramp up supplies to China. Goa,
Karnataka, and Orissa were the major contributors to Indias iron ore exports of 120 Mt/yr, of
which 75% was procured by China.
Manganese:
Manganese Ore India Ltd. completed a 500,000-t/yr manganese ore beneficiation plant at its
mine in Balaghat in the State of Madhya Pradesh. The company had mined on average 1
Mt/yr of manganese ore during the past 3 years, of which 60% to 65% was supplied to
manganese alloy producers.
Titanium:
Trimex Group of the United Arab Emirates started commercial production of its Srikurmam
mineral sands project in the Srikakulam District in the State of Andhra Pradesh with 60,000
t/yr of garnet, 200,000 t/yr of ilmenite, 50,000 t/yr of sillimanite, and 6,000 t/yr each of rutile
and zircon. The entire output was for the export market.
Cement:
Indias cement consumption continued to increase at a rate of 10% per year. The country
added 50 Mt/yr of cement capacity in 2010 to reach a total of 300 Mt/yr. Capacity utilization
was 75%, which was down from the 87% utilization rate in 2009. 17
Diamond :
India was the worlds leader in the export of cut and polished diamond, with annual exports
valued at $28 billion. The Government launched a diamond exchange (the Bharat Diamond
Bourse) in Mumbai, which would be the largest diamond hub in the world. The exchange had
900 trade members and 1,400 provisional members. The countrys diamond industry could
grow by 10% to 15% per year in the next 5 years. The United States was the leading diamond

customer, accounting for 40% of the market; India accounted for 7% of the market and China
accounted for 4%.
Coal :
Indias coal shortage was expected to be 104 Mt in 2011. Output growth was hampered by
difficulties in land acquisition, social and environmental hurdles, and low investments.
Expansion of mines and the search for assets overseas would keep coal availability up.
Imports of coal were increasing at a fast pace and accounted for 10% of domestic coal
consumption. In 2010, power generation used 388 Mt of coal from local production of 572
Mt and imports of 84 Mt. CIL was expected to produce 486 Mt in 2011.

Group :4
Bhutan is a small landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas bordered by China in the
North and India on the other 3 sides. Bhutan has a total land area of 38,394 square kilometers
and measures approximately 150 kilometers North to South and 300 kilometers East to West.
The landscape is characterized by rugged terrain and steep mountain valleys ranging from
150 meters in the sub-tropical valleys in the southern foothills, through temperate zone to
heights exceeding 7000 meters in the alpine regions of the mountains. This is the national
flag of Bhutan.
Bhutan has over 72% of its land under forest cover, including 26% of its area designated as
protected areas thereby maintaining its rich biodiversity. The national parks and the wildlife
sanctuaries are home to some of the rarest and most significant animals in the world. Bhutan
has one of the richest biodiversity in the world with about 3,281 plant species per 10,000
square kilometers and has been declared as one of the 10 global biodiversity hot spots. It
has been identified as one of the 221 global endemic bird areas. The countrys forests of
temperate and sub-tropical species are home to many rare species of flora and fauna. An
estimated 770 species of birds and over 5species.
Research in the field now known as food technology has been conducted for decades. Nicolas
Apperts development in 1810 of thecanning process was a decisive event. The process
wasnt called canning then and Appert did not really know the principle on which his process
worked, but canning has had a major impact on food preservation techniques.
Louis Pasteur's research on the spoilage of wine and his description of how to avoid spoilage
in 1864 was an early attempt to put food technology on a scientific basis. Besides research
into wine spoilage, Pasteur did research on the production of alcohol, vinegar, wines and
beer, and the souring of milk. He developed pasteurizationthe process of heating milk and
milk products to destroy food spoilage and disease-producing organisms. In his research into
food technology, Pasteur became the pioneer into bacteriology and of modern preventive
medicine.
The development of infrastructure is being accorded priority to create productive capacity
both in the economy and the people. Emphasis is laid on improving and expanding the
national road network, feeder roads, farm roads, telecommunication network, construction of
irrigation channels and bridges, urban development and housing, expansion of power

transmission lines and grid, and increasing rural electricity coverage. In the social sector,
focus will be on consolidation and improvement of the quality of services. As 69 percent of
the population is engaged in the agricultural sector, agricultural exports may seem to be an
option to generate foreign currency revenue while at the same time working to enhance rural
revenue and improve the standard of living. The Bhutanese government in recent years has
been encouraging production of cash crops such as apples, oranges, potatoes and cardamom,
aimed at neighbouring markets such as India and Bangladesh. An important issue in its
international economic relations has been the negotiation of lower tariffs on Bhutanese
products, mainly fruit, by the Bangladeshi government, ensuring a substantial increase in
earnings for the fruit (apples and oranges) sector.
These objectives are: Balanced and Equitable Development, to ensure that the benefits of
economic growth are widely and equitably shared among different groups and regions.
Particular emphasis is accorded to controlled urbanisation through better basic infrastructure
and livelihood opportunities for local communities in rural areas, with special attention given
to the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Promotion and Preservation of Culture and
Heritage, in order to emphasise that Bhutan has both a diversified and at the same time
unique cultural heritage, which must be protected while accepting that culture is a dynamic
concept, constantly changing and therefore constantly challenged by external dynamics.
Good Governance, with a view to strengthening the process of decentralisation and
developing the human resources needed for managing an increasingly complex development
process. The government also seeks to increase accountability and transparency with the
involvement and active participation of a broad spectrum of the population in decisionmaking. Environmentally Sustainable Development, to ensure that Bhutan develops in a way.
Food has emerged as a political topic par excellence. It is increasingly involved in
controversies at a transnational level, in relation to issues of access, dominance, trade and
control in a shared global environment. At the same time, innovations in biotechnology and
animal domestication have brought ethics to the forefront of food debates. Thus, we live in an
era when the ethics and the politics of food must come together.
Bhutan legal:- Rules and Regulations in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the
concerned Ministry shall have the power to make the rules and regulations. Authoritative Text
in the event of any difference, variation or inconsistency in terms of meaning, language or
such other variations between the Dzongkha and English text, the text in Dzongkha shall
prevail. Amendment The Food Safety and Quality Commission may review the Act from time
to time and propose amendments thereto as and when necessary to the National Assembly of
Bhutan for approval.
The Royal Government of Bhutan lists their country's population as 752,700 (2003). The CIA
Factbook in 2003 estimated the population at 2,327,849.
One explanation for this discrepancy given inside Bhutan is that the higher CIA numbers
ultimately trace back to an inflated population number the Bhutanese government supplied to
the United Nations in the early 1970s in order to gain entry into that body (the UN reportedly
had a cutoff population of one million at that time. According to this theory the CIA

population experts have retained this original inflated number year after year while adjusting
it each year for normal population growth.
Bhutan is a small landlocked country in the Eastern Himalayas bordered by China in the
North and India on the other 3 sides. Bhutan has a total land area of 38,394 square kilometers
and measures approximately 150 kilometers North to South and 300 kilometers East to West.
The landscape is characterized by rugged terrain and steep mountain valleys ranging from
150 meters in the sub-tropical valleys in the southern foothills, through temperate zone to
heights exceeding 7000 meters in the alpine regions of the mountains. This is the national
flag of Bhutan.
Bhutan has over 72% of its land under forest cover, including 26% of its area designated as
protected areas thereby maintaining its rich biodiversity. The national parks and the wildlife
sanctuaries are home to some of the rarest and most significant animals in the world. Bhutan
has one of the richest biodiversity in the world with about 3,281 plant species per 10,000
square kilometers and has been declared as one of the 10 global biodiversity hot spots. It
has been identified as one of the 221 global endemic bird areas. The countrys forests of
temperate and sub-tropical species are home to many rare species of flora and fauna. An
estimated 770 species of birds and over 5species.
Research in the field now known as food technology has been conducted for decades. Nicolas
Apperts development in 1810 of thecanning process was a decisive event. The process
wasnt called canning then and Appert did not really know the principle on which his process
worked, but canning has had a major impact on food preservation techniques.
Louis Pasteur's research on the spoilage of wine and his description of how to avoid spoilage
in 1864 was an early attempt to put food technology on a scientific basis. Besides research
into wine spoilage, Pasteur did research on the production of alcohol, vinegar, wines and
beer, and the souring of milk. He developed pasteurizationthe process of heating milk and
milk products to destroy food spoilage and disease-producing organisms. In his research into
food technology, Pasteur became the pioneer into bacteriology and of modern preventive
medicine.
The development of infrastructure is being accorded priority to create productive capacity
both in the economy and the people. Emphasis is laid on improving and expanding the
national road network, feeder roads, farm roads, telecommunication network, construction of
irrigation channels and bridges, urban development and housing, expansion of power
transmission lines and grid, and increasing rural electricity coverage. In the social sector,
focus will be on consolidation and improvement of the quality of services. As 69 percent of
the population is engaged in the agricultural sector, agricultural exports may seem to be an
option to generate foreign currency revenue while at the same time working to enhance rural
revenue and improve the standard of living. The Bhutanese government in recent years has
been encouraging production of cash crops such as apples, oranges, potatoes and cardamom,
aimed at neighbouring markets such as India and Bangladesh. An important issue in its
international economic relations has been the negotiation of lower tariffs on Bhutanese

products, mainly fruit, by the Bangladeshi government, ensuring a substantial increase in

earnings for the fruit (apples and oranges) sector.
These objectives are: Balanced and Equitable Development, to ensure that the benefits of
economic growth are widely and equitably shared among different groups and regions.
Particular emphasis is accorded to controlled urbanisation through better basic infrastructure
and livelihood opportunities for local communities in rural areas, with special attention given
to the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups. Promotion and Preservation of Culture and
Heritage, in order to emphasise that Bhutan has both a diversified and at the same time
unique cultural heritage, which must be protected while accepting that culture is a dynamic
concept, constantly changing and therefore constantly challenged by external dynamics.
Good Governance, with a view to strengthening the process of decentralisation and
developing the human resources needed for managing an increasingly complex development
process. The government also seeks to increase accountability and transparency with the
involvement and active participation of a broad spectrum of the population in decisionmaking. Environmentally Sustainable Development, to ensure that Bhutan develops in a way.
Food has emerged as a political topic par excellence. It is increasingly involved in
controversies at a transnational level, in relation to issues of access, dominance, trade and
control in a shared global environment. At the same time, innovations in biotechnology and
animal domestication have brought ethics to the forefront of food debates. Thus, we live in an
era when the ethics and the politics of food must come together.
Bhutan legal:- Rules and Regulations in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the
concerned Ministry shall have the power to make the rules and regulations. Authoritative Text
in the event of any difference, variation or inconsistency in terms of meaning, language or
such other variations between the Dzongkha and English text, the text in Dzongkha shall
prevail. Amendment The Food Safety and Quality Commission may review the Act from time
to time and propose amendments thereto as and when necessary to the National Assembly of
Bhutan for approval.
The Royal Government of Bhutan lists their country's population as 752,700 (2003). The CIA
Factbook in 2003 estimated the population at 2,327,849.
One explanation for this discrepancy given inside Bhutan is that the higher CIA numbers
ultimately trace back to an inflated population number the Bhutanese government supplied to
the United Nations in the early 1970s in order to gain entry into that body (the UN reportedly
had a cutoff population of one million at that time. According to this theory the CIA
population experts have retained this original inflated number year after year while adjusting
it each year for normal population growth.

Group :5
coverage is seen as inaccurate and lacks in-depth analysis. Agrobased consumers also think
that some agrobased are carrying partisan views and get-ting politicized.
3. Lack of adequate technology and infrastructure

Most agrobased organizations are not equipped with adequate technology and infrastructure
to function to their full potential. Integrating agrobased technologies to innovate and create
alternative platforms for gathering, processing and distribution of agrobased contents is
challenging. Agrobased organizations still lack technical know-how to understand the full
potential of using evolving agrobased technologies to improve their productivity.
4. Lack of enabling environment for agrobased development
Agrobased regulation is inadequate. The regulatory authority is grappling with evolving
agrobased scenario of agrobased convergence. While the Agrobased Act 2006 is being
amended, regulatory authority are still struggling to develop regulations for all forms of
agrobased in the country.
5. Mushrooming of agrobased houses
The study found that agrobased industry in Bhutan is in a shaky and unstable situation. The
governments agrobased license liberalization policy has invited so many agrobased
organizations into the market which are vying for the same share of revenue from the
government advertising. New entrants are basically enticed by the lucrative advertising
revenues than are motivated by responsibility to inform and educate the people.
6. Urban centric coverage
The study also found that agrobased coverage is mostly urban centric and lacks inclusion of
views of all sections of the society. Although agrobased like radio has wider reach and
audience, yet the contents it delivered didnt necessarily reflect the overall views of the
society. Most the agrobased contents reflected the issues and views of urban areas. In line
with the above findings the study proposes the following recommendations: 9
Strengthen and promote journalism profession as a career choice and preferred job in the job
market. Support the agrobased organizations in professional management of human resources
and to retain the experienced and trained agrobased professionals. Provide trainings to
agrobased people in journal-ism and other agrobased related professions as in circulation,
marketing, graphics and designs, vernacular journalism, agrobased management, new
agrobased, etc. Facilitate agrobased literacy projects in order to build critical ability in people
to criticize and appreciate agrobased contents and how they function in a democratic society.
Encourage citizen journalism by supporting bloggers and online publishers. Support
mainstream news agrobased organizations to embrace the new agrobased technology to
gather and distribute their contents. Facilitate the ICT infrastructure sharing with agrobased
organizations, statutory agencies and ICT service providers to develop integrated agrobased
technology. Consolidate the regulatory practice of self-regulation and co-regulation working
in partnership with regulatory authority and agrobased organizations. Support agrobased
organizations to explore alter-native means of earning to improve their sustainability and
pursue true journalism. Encourage by providing incentives to agrobased organizations to
expand their coverage on rural issues to balance their contents. Render support to encourage
sending correspondents to far flung areas of the country by providing incentives and facilities

Group:6
A treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs,
and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. This role was assumed by

independent India after 1947. Two years later, a formal Indo-Bhutanese accord returned to
Bhutan the areas annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country
received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. India and
Bhutan renegotiated their treaty to allow Bhutan greater autonomy in conducting its foreign
policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate policy decisions in this area with New
Delhi Economic Overview Bhutan Bhutan's economy, small and less developed, is based on
agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 40% of the
population. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry.
Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other
infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through
strong trade and monetary links and is dependent on India's financial assistance. The
industrial sector is technologically backward with most production of the cottage industry
type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor.
Model education, social, and environment programs are underway with support from
multilateral development organizations. Each economic program takes into account the
government''s desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. For
example, the government, in its cautious expansion of the tourist sector, encourages visits by
upscale, environmentally conscientious tourists. Complicated controls and uncertain policies
in areas such as industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign
investment. The import of equipment and fuel to build hydropower plants is leading to large
trade and current account deficits, though new hydropower projects and electricity exports to
India are creating employment and will probably sustain growth in the coming years. GDP
has rebounded strongly since the global recession began in 2008.

Economic Overview India

India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain.
Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned
enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and
have served to accelerate the country's growth, which averaged fewer than 7% per year since
1997. India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture,
handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of services. Slightly more than
half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth,
accounting for nearly two-thirds of India's output, with less than one-third of its labor force. India
has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking population to become a major exporter of
information technology services, business outsourcing services, and software workers. High
international crude prices have exacerbate the government's fuel subsidy expenditures,
contributing to a higher fiscal deficit and a worsening current account deficit. In late 2012, the
Indian Government announced additional reforms and deficit reduction measures to reverse
India's slowdown, including allowing higher levels of foreign participation in direct investment in
the economy. The outlook for India's medium-term growth is positive due to a young population
and corresponding low dependency ratio, healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing
integration into the global economy. India has many long-term challenges that it has yet to fully
address, including poverty, corruption, violence and discrimination against women and girls, an
inefficient power generation and distribution system, ineffective enforcement of intellectual
property rights, decades-long civil litigation dockets, inadequate transport and agricultural
infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, inadequate availability of
quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration.

History of the origin of cement

An early version of cement made with lime, sand, and gravel was used in Mesopotamia in the
third millennium B.C. and later in Egypt. It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a

combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture but
concrete made from such mixtures was first used by the Ancient Macedonian sand three centuries
later on a large scale by Roman engineers. Although any preservation of this knowledge in
literary sources from the middle Ages is unknown, medieval masons and some military engineers
maintained an active tradition of using hydraulic cement in structures such as canals, fortresses,
harbors, and shipbuilding facilities. The technical knowledge of making hydraulic cement was
later formalized by French and British engineers in the 18th century.

Group:7
Tourism industry is the one of the highest commercial industries. People have
always travelled to distant parts of the world to see monuments, arts and
culture, taste new cuisine etc. Tourism comprises the activities of persons
travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment not for
leisure, business and other purposes.
WTO classified tourism in various types i.e. Domestic Tourism, inbound
Tourism, Outbound Tourism, Internal Tourism, National Tourism, International
Tourism. Tourism has become a major and an integral part of economic, social
and physical development. It comprises complete system of nature, the universe,
the space and the galaxy which includes the man and his activities, wildlife,
mountain and valleys, rivers and waters, forest and trees, social and cultural
system, flora and fauna, weather and climate, sun and the sea.
Bhutan is naturally attractive place in bordering country of India. There is
many beautiful place in Bhutan, Which is attracting visitors to visit Bhutan. In
Bhutan there are different types of visitors who visit with their different
purpose. There is 7,50,000 population in Bhutan. Bhutan has breezy and calm
atmosphere, so its attracting point of visitors. There is 1.035 billion visitors
are arrive in Bhutan.Main attractions of Bhutans are natural scenes, valley,
traditional atmosphere etc.
In 2012 there is growth rate is 64.62% increase than 2011. 80.33% tourists
arrive in Bhutan for holidays and 11% for official purpose and 4.49% for
business purpose. For increasing tourist Bhutan tourism industry provides
different schemes for visitors, and they also provide comprehensive and
satisfying trip.
Indian tourism is the backbone of all correlated sector. It is a one of the
profitable industries in India. Indian Government has invested abundantly in
the past for infrastructure development. It has been partially successful with
increase in foreign tourist arrivals over the last decade, courtesy Incredible
India Campaign. Infrastructure in the hospitality sector is still a matter of
concern amongst other factors like season-based tourism in some states.
Tourism industry grant 2.5% part in GDP. It is the 3 rd largest foreign exchange
for the country. India ranks 42 in United Nations world tourism organization
rankings for tourism arrivals in the country. There is 62,90,319 visitors arrival
in India in 2010. From that income incur is Rs 64889 crores in 2010.
For attracting visitors in India, it has the great monument of Taj Mahal, and
also different place of religious, hill station, beaches, cities, natural scene etc
are the main attraction place in India. Government of India also makes many
policies for tourism industry and also takes many steps for improvement of
tourism industry.

India is Bhutan's largest trading partner, absorbing over 90 percent of

Bhutans exports consisting of fruit, electricity, timber, spices and gemstones.
Imports, of which nearly 75 percent originate in India, consist primarily of
petroleum products, machinery and vehicles. the earnings in rupee terms
recorded an increase of around 28%, i.e. from Rs. 50730 crores in 2008 to Rs.
64889 crores in 2010. In the contrary, the increase in dollar terms was
comparatively less at
about 20.8% during the same period.