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ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2014-2015)

E.P.A.-4
dked iz'kklu
(Personnel Administration)
Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the
Assignments. These Sample Answers/Solutions are prepared by Private Teacher/Tutors/Auhtors for the help and Guidance
of the student to get an idea of how he/she can answer the Questions of the Assignments. We do not claim 100% Accuracy
of these sample Answers as these are based on the knowledge and cabability of Private Teacher/Tutor. Sample answers
may be seen as the Guide/Help Book for the reference to prepare the answers of the Question given in the assignment. As
these solutions and answers are prepared by the private teacher/tutor so the chances of error or mistake cannot be denied.
Any Omission or Error is highly regretted though every care has been taken while preparing these Sample Answers/
Solutions. Please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer & for uptodate and exact
information, data and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided by the university.

iz'u 1- ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa osQ fy, vkpj.k fu;ekoyh osQ varxZr vkus okys fo"k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
mkjlHkh ljdkjh deZpkjh leku vkpj.k fu;eksa }kjk 'kkflr gksrs gSa A jktuhfrd dk;Z&dykiksa ij izfrca] izSl] jsfM;ks rFkk ckgjh
,tsafl;ksa ls lEcU] ljdkj dh vkykspuk] futh O;kikj ij izfrca vkfn fo"k; vkpj.k dh lhek ds vUrxZr vkrs gSa A
vkpj.k fu;ekoyh ds vUrxZr vkus okys izeq[k fo"k; fuEufyf[kr gSa
(1) jktuhfrd xfrfof;ksa ij izfrca]
(2) izSl] jsfM;ks rFkk ckgjh ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk lEcU ij izfrca rFkk ljdkj dh vkykspuk]
(3) lkoZtfud izn'kZu] migkj vkfn ij izfrca]
(4) laif] futh O;kikj rFkk fuos'k vkfn ekeyksa esa izfrca A
(1) jktuhfrd xfrfofk;ksa ij izfrcakljdkjh lsokvksa esa jktuhfrd fu"i{krk cuk, j[kuk lkoZtfud fgr esa gksrk gS A vr%
ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dh jktuhfrd rVLFkrk turkaf=d ljdkj dh lQyrk dh ,d vko';d 'krZ ekuh x;h gS A Hkkjr esa ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa
dks er nsus rFkk la?k cukus dk vfdkj rks gksrk gS] fdUrq mUgsa jktuhfrd ikVhZ ls lEcfUr gksus rFkk jktuhfrd xfrfof;ksa esa Hkkx ysus dh
eukgh gksrh gS A
dsUnzh; lsok vkpj.k fu;ekoyh ds fu;e&2 esa ;g fukZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd dksbZ Hkh ljdkjh deZpkjh fdlh foku lHkk ds
pqukoksa ds fy, izpkj ugha djsxk ;k vU;Fkk gLr{ksi ugha djsxk ;k pquko ds laca esa vius izHkko dk mi;ksx ugha djsxk ;k pquko esa Hkkx ugha
ysxk A
(2) izSl] jsfM;ks rFkk ckgjh ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk lEcUk ij izfrcak rFkk ljdkj dh vkykspukljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa ij dqN
fof'k"V izfrca gksrs gSaA ljdkjh xksiuh;rk vffu;e] 1983 dh kjk,a fdlh Hkh ljdkjh nLrkost ;k dksbZ lwpuk fdlh ,sls O;fDr dks nsus
;k crkus ij izfrca yxkrh gS] ftldks ljdkjh deZpkjh nsus ;k crkus ds fy, vfd`r ugha gSa A lkFk gh lsok esa] vuq'kklu vkSj lR; fu"Bk
ds fgr esa ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dks ljdkj }kjk fufeZr vFkok ikfjr fdlh Hkh uhfr dh lkoZtfud vkykspuk djus dh Hkh eukgh gS A
jkT; dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dsanzh; lsok fu;ekoyh ds vUrxZr ^^izR;sd ljdkjh deZpkjh dk ;g dZO; gksxk fd og vius
ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; dks fofk }kjk LFkkfir ljdkj ds izfr izR;{k ;k ijks{k :i ls fonzksg dh Hkkouk ls izsfjr fdlh Hkh vkanksyu ;k
xfrfofk esa fdlh Hkh izdkj ls lgk;rk djus ;k Hkkx ysus ls jksdus dk iz;Ru djsxk A**
(3) lkoZtfud izn'kZu] migkj vkfn ij izfrcakdsUnzh; lsok vkpj.k fu;ekoyh] 1964 ds fu;e&5 ds varxZr ljdkjh
deZpkfj;ksa dks jktuhfr esa Hkkx ysus ij jksd gS A os u rks fdlh jktuhfrd vkanksyu vFkok xfrfof ds lgk;rkFkZ pank ns ldrs gSa rFkk u
gh fdlh vU; izdkj dh lgk;rk dj ldrs gSa A dsanzh; flfoy lsok vkpj.k fu;ekoyh] 1955 ds fu;e&4v ds varxZr ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa

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dks fdlh Hkh lkoZtfud izn'kZu esa vFkok lsok&'krks ls lacafr fdlh Hkh ekeys ds lEcU esa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh gM+rky esa Hkkx ysus dh eukgh
gS A
fdlh Hkh ljdkjh deZpkjh dks fdlh dke dks djus ;k uk djus ds fy, fdlh vU; O;fDr ls dksbZ buke rFkk dkuwuh ikfjJfed ds
vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ ikfjrksf"kd u rks Lohdkj djsxk rFkk u gh izkIr djus dk iz;Ru djsxk A
(4) laifk futh O;kikj rFkk fuos'k vkfn ekeyksa esa izfrcakvf[ky Hkkjrh; lsokvksa ds vkpj.k fu;eksa esa dgk x;k gS fd
ljdkj dh iwoZ&Lohd`fr ds fcuk dksbZ Hkh ljdkjh deZpkjh izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i ls fdlh O;kikj ;k O;olk; esa ugha yxsxk rFkk u gh dksbZ
vU; ukSdjh djsxk rFkk u gh fdlh fuos'k dk lV~Vk djsxk A rFkk dksbZ Hkh deZpkjh ljdkj dh iwoZ Lohd`fr ds fcuk viuh larku ;k vkfJr
dks fdlh ,sls futh QeZ esa ukSdjh Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr ugha nsxk] ftlds lkFk mldk ljdkjh ysu&nsu gks A
iz'u 2- ukSdj'kkgh osQ xq.k vkSj nks"kksa dk foospu dhft,A
mkjukSdj'kkgh ds izeq[k xq.k fuEufyf[kr gSa
ukSdj'kkgh Je&foHkktu ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftlls fo'ks"khdj.k dk tUe gksrk gS rFkk O;kolk;hdj.k dk fodkl gksrk gS A
ukSdj'kkgh dk nwljk izeq[k xq.k inlksiku gS tks fd lk ds forj.k rFkk dk;Z ds izHkkoh i;Zos{k.k dks vPNh rjg lEHko cukrk gS
A inlksiku laxBu esa ,d ec) mPp&v/khuLFk lEcU/k O;oLFkk rFkk fofHkUu inksa ij dk;Zjr deZpkfj;ksa dh vyx&vyx Hkwfedkvksa
dks lEc) djus ds dk;Z dks lqxe cukrk gS A
rhljk xq.k ;g gS fd ;g ,d ,slh iz'kklfud O;oLFkk gS] tks Li"V o lksps&le>s fu;e&fofu;eksa ij vk/kkfjr gS] tks iz'kklu ls
O;fDrxr bZ";kZvksa] HkkbZ&Hkrhtkokn bR;kfn dks nwj djrs gSa rFkk fu;eksa o fofu;eksa dk ec)h O;fDrxr Lofoosd ftlls Hkz"Vkpkj
c<+rk gS] tks de djrk gS A
,d ljpukRed&izdk;kZRed ra= ds :i esa ;g laxBu ds foosdiw.kZ Lo:i dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gS rFkk laxBu esa rdZokn] oLrqfu"Brk
rFkk LFkkf;Ro tSls xq.kksa dks izdV djrh gS A
ukSdj'kkgh dk ,d vU; izeq[k xq.k rVLFkrk gS A ljdkjh laxBuksa esa ;a= ds :i esa ukSdj'kkgh ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd ;g
fcuk O;fDrxr fopkjksa rFkk oxZ&izfrc)rk ds jk"V dh uhfr ds loksZe fgr esa dke djsxh A
;g ,d ,slh O;oLFkk gS ftlesa deZpkfj;ksa dk p;u ;ksX;rk ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gS rFkk os vius dk;Z lEiknu ds nkSjku vuq'kklu
o fu;U=.k esa jgrs gSa A bl izdkj loksZe efLr"d rFkk foosdiw.kZ lajpukRed&dk;kZRed O;oLFkk ds la;qDr lg;ksx ls csgrj ifj.kke
feyus dh mEehn jgrh gS A
vafre egoiw.kZ xq.k ;g gS fd ljdkjh iz'kklu esa bldk ;ksxnku cgqr egoiw.kZ gksrk gS A ;g iz'kklu dks vf/kd pqLr] LFkk;h]
oLrqfu"B] i{kikrjfgr rFkk ,d tSlk cukrk gS A
ukSdj'kkgh ds nks"k;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ;fn ldkjkRed O;ogkfjd xq.kksa dks lko/kkuh ls iz;ksx esa u yk;k tk,] rks ;s gh udkjkRed
fodk;ks esa ifjofrZr gks tkrs gSa A fofHkUu fopkjdksa us Hkh ukSdj'kkgh dh vkykspuk dh gS A blds izeq[k vkykspd jk#ts E;ksj us viuh iqLrd
^gk fczVsu bl xouZM* esa fy[kk gS fd ^^ukSdj'kkgh iztkrU=k dh N=kNk;k esa cM+h gqbZ rFkk Qyh&Qwyh gSA izsaQdslVhu eksUlVj dh rjg
dHkh&dHkh ,slk yxrk gS fd ;g vius l`tudrkZ dks gh fuxy tk,xh A**
ykWMZ ghokVZ us ukSdj'kkgh dh c<+rh gqbZ lk vkSj 'kfDr;ksa dks ^^u;h fujadq'krk ;k rkuk'kkgh** dh laKk nh gS A
vr% ukSdj'kkgh iz'kklu dk egoiw.kZ vfHkdj.k gksus ds ckotwn Hkh nks"keqDr ugha gS A blds izeq[k nks"k fuEufyf[kr gSa
;g ekuk tkrk gS fd ukSdj'kkgh yksdfiz; vkdka{kkvksa rFkk turk dh ekaxksa ds izfr mnklhu gksrh gS A os viuh O;oLFkk esa bl izdkj
fu;fer gks tkrs gSa fd turk dh ekaxksa ds izfr v#fp fn[kkrs gSa rFkk lkoZtfud fgrksa ds izfr mnklhu gksrs gSa A
;g mjnkf;Ro ds fc[kjko dk ekxZ iz'kLr djrh gS A dk;Z esa VkyeVksy rFkk xyr dk;ks ;k fuf";rk ds fy, ,d&nwljs ij
mjnkf;Ro dk LFkkukUrj.k ukSdj'kkgh dh LokHkkfod izo`f cu xbZ gS A
lkFk gh ukSdj'kkgh vR;f/kd ykyQhrk'kkgh rFkk vkSipkfjdrk ds nqxqZ.kksa ls Hkh xzLr gS A ykyQhrk'kkgh ftldk vFkZ ^^fu;eksa dk
'kkfCnd rFkk dBksj ikyu djuk gS** Lo;a ukSdj'kkgh dk ,d i;kZ; cu x;h gS A
ukSdj'kkgh dh vU; izeq[k cqjkb;ka xfr'khyrk dk vHkko rFkk O;ogkj esa dBksjrk gS A ukSdj'kkgh fu;eksa dh lhek ds ckgj tkus dk
lkgl ugha dj ikrs A os lkekU;r% [krjs mBkus] lkgl fn[kkus o nwjnf'kZrk ds i{k/kj ugha gksrs A
'kfDr;ksa dk lap; ukSdj'kkgh dh fufgr izo`f;ksa esa ls ,d gS A mPpLrjh; iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh vius v/khuLFk foHkkxksa o laxBuksa
dh LFkkiuk dj viuh lk o 'kfDr;ksa dk foLrkj djus esa fo'okl j[krs gSa rFkk fu.kZ;ksa dh mi;ksfxrk ;k vko';drk ds vk/kkj

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ij mldk vkSfpR; fl) djrs gSa A

ukSdj'kkgh esa mjnkf;Ro de rFkk fNih gqbZ lk vf/kd jgrh gS] tcfd lk rFkk mjnkf;Ro lkFk&lkFk pyus pkfg, A
ukSdj'kkgh dk lcls cM+k nks"k ;g gS fd ;g nSfud dk;ks dh iqujko`f rFkk ijEijkxr dk;ks ds cks> ls nch jgrh gS A mlesa u,
fopkjksa ds izos'k dh xqatkb'k cgqr de gksrh gS A
dqN fopkjd ukSdj'kkgh dks iztkra= fojks/kh ekurs gSa rFkk dqN fopkjdksa dh jk; ;g gS fd ukSdj'kkgh ,d vko';d cqjkbZ gS] D;ksafd
ukSdj'kkgh ifj.kkeksa dh rqyuk esa nSfud dk;ks esa vf/kd le; xqtkjrs gSa A
iz'u 3- in oxhZdj.k dk o.kZu dhft,A
mkjin oxhZdj.k vesfjdk esa izpfyr ,d vk/kqfud iz.kkyh gS A in ls rkRi;Z fdlh l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk ,d O;fDr ds iwjs le; ;k
v/kZ le; jkstxkj ds in ij fu/kkZfjr dZO;ksa ,oa mjnkf;Roksa fu/kkZj.k ls gS A
nwljs 'kCnksa esa l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk ,d deZpkjh ;k vf/kd deZpkfj;ksa }kjk lEikfnr og dk;Z] ftlls lEcfU/kr dZO; vkSj mjnkf;Ro
in ds vuqlkj fuf'pr gks] in oxhZdj.k dgykrk gS A
bl izdkj ds oxhZdj.k esa ,d O;fDr dk Lrj] osru] lqfo/kk,a vkfn in fLFkfr ds dk;ks ij rFkk in ls tqM+s gq, dZO;ksa ,oa mjnkf;Roksa]
ftUgsa og lEikfnr djrk gS] ij fuHkZj djrk gS A ;gka in ij dk;Z djus okys ,oa dZO; djus okys O;fDr dh vis{kk in ls lEc) dk;ks
,oa ftEesnkfj;ksa dks vf/kd ego fn;k x;k gS A
bl izdkj laxBuksa dh lkewfgd lgefr }kjk fofHkUu inksa ls lEc) dk;ks ,oa mjnkf;Roksa dk lkekU; Lrjhdj.k gh inksa ds fo'oluh;
rqyukRed oxhZdj.k dh fLFkfr dks izkIr djrk gS A
in oxhZdj.k esa rqyuk djus okys ;ksX; fLFkfr;ksa dks ,d lkFk j[kdj ,d lkekU; lewg ;k Js.kh dk xBu fd;k tkrk gS A Js.kh mu
fLFkfr;ksa ds QyLo:i curh gS] tks i;kZIr :i ls fuEufyf[kr ckrksa esa lekurk j[krh gksa
v dk;Z dh fo"k;&oLrq dk izdkj]
c dfBukbZ ,oa mrjnkf;Ro dk Lrj] rFkk
l dk;Z ds fy, vko';d ;ksX;rk,a A
lHkh deZpkfj;ksa rFkk osru iz'kklu esa leku O;ogkj fuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gS A bl izdkj ds oxhZdj.k esa mu fLFkfr;ksa dks tks ,d
tSlh gksa ;k vkil esa cgqr vf/kd feyrh&tqyrh gksa] ,d Js.kh esa ykrs gSa A os fLFkfr;ka tks ,d Js.kh esa gksrh gSa os dZO;ksa] mjnkf;Roksa rFkk
vko';d ;ksX;rkvksa esa i;kZIr :i ls rqyuk djus ds ;ksX; gksrh gSa rFkk dkfeZd] foh; vkSj laxBukRed ms';ksa ds fy, O;ogkj esa ,d bdkbZ
ekuh tkrh gS A
iz'u 4 yksd lsok vk;ksx osQ dk;ks dk mYys[k dhft,A
mkjHkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 320 ds vuqlkj yksd lsok vk;ksx ds dk;Z bl izdkj gSa
(1) la?k vkSj jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksxksa dk ;g nkf;Ro gksxk fd os e'k% la?k rFkk jkT; lsokvksa laca/kh in fu;qfDr;ksa ds fy, ijh{kk,a
vk;ksftr djsa A
(2) la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx dk ;g Hkh nkf;Ro gksxk fd ;fn nks ;k vf/kd jkT; fdlh ,slh lsok ds fy, HkrhZ laca/kh ;kstuk ds xBu vkSj
lapkyu esa mldh lgk;rk dh ekx djsa] ftlds fy, fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk izkIr mEehnokj visf{kr gksa] rks og bl ekeys esa mudh lgk;rk djsxk A
(3) yksd lsok vk;ksx la?k ;k jkT; fuEufyf[kr ekeyksa esa ljdkj dks ijke'kZ nsxk
d flfoy lsokvksa vkSj flfoy lsok laca/kh inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds HkrhZ ls lacaf/kr ekeys A
[k flfoy lsokvksa ds inksa ls lacaf/kr HkrhZ djus vkSj ,d ls nwljh lsok esa vf/kdkfj;ksa dks inksUufr nsus rFkk LFkkukrafjr djus
vkSj mEehnokjksa dks mi;qDrrk ds vk/kkj ij ,d ls nwljh lsok esa LFkkukrafjr djus vkSj mEehnokjksa dh ,slh HkrhZ] inksUufr
vkSj LFkkukarj.k ds vkSfpR; ds lanHkZ esa viuk, tkus okys fu;eksa ds ekeys A
x Hkkjr ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj ds vUrxZr flfoy gSfl;r ls lsokjr O;fDr ds laca/k esa Kkiu ;k ;kfpdk lfgr lHkh
vuq'kklukRed ekeys A
?k Hkkjr ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj esa flfoy gSfl;r ls lsokjr fdlh O;fDr }kjk ;k mldh vksj ls fd;k x;k ,slk nkok] ftlesa
dk;Z ds fu"iknu ds nkSjku fdlh dk;Z ds fy, mlds fo#) gqbZ dkuwuh dk;Zokgh esa vius cpko i{k esa fd, x, [kpZ ds lacak
esa jkT; dh lesfdr fuf/k esa ls /kujkf'k dh ekx dh xbZ gks A

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Hkkjr ljdkj ;k jkT; ljdkj ds vUrxZr flfoy gSfl;r ls lsokjr fdlh O;fDr dks nq?kZVuk dh fLFkfr esa isa'ku nsus lacah
nkoksa ;k ,sls nkoksa ds laca/k esa fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ /kujkf'k ls tqM+s ekeys A
p yksd lsok vk;ksx] jk"Vifr ;k jkT;iky }kjk] ;FkkfLFkfr Hksts x, ekeyksa ij Hkh ijke'kZ nsxk A
iz'u 5- ukSdj'kkgh osQ izdkjksa dh ppkZ dhft,A
mkjukSdj'kkgh dk vFkZukSdj'kkgh ftls vaxzsth esa ^^C;wjksslh** dgrs gSa] ysfVu 'kCn ^^C;wjks** ftldk vFkZ est gS rFkk xzhd 'kCn
^^slh** ftldk vFkZ 'kklu djuk gS] ls feydj cuk gS A vr% bldk rkRi;Z gqvk ^Hkstksa dk 'kklu* ;k ^est ljdkj* A bl 'kCn dh jpuk
loZizFke 1765 esa kalhlh fo}ku~ folsUV fn xkSjus us dh Fkh A ukSdj'kkgh dk;ks] iz;Ruksa rFkk O;fDr;ksa dk ,d ,slk ec) laxBu gS] tks
bl la;qDr iz;Ru }kjk okafNr y{;ksa dks lokZf/kd izHkkodkjh <ax ls izkIr djrk gS A ;g ,d ,slk fu;af=r iz'kklfud ra= gS] ftlesa lHkh
vUrlZEcaf/kr dk;kZy; ,d Js.kh esa laxfBr gksrs gSa A
orZeku le; esa ukSdj'kkgh fdlh laxBu dk ,d eq[; vo;o cu xbZ gS A izR;sd laxBu] pkgs NksVk gks ;k cM+k] fdlh u fdlh :i
esa ukSdj'kkgh lajpuk ls tqM+k gqvk gS A
ukSdj'kkgh ds izdkjukSdj'kkgh eq[;r% pkj izdkj dh gksrh gS
(1) vfHkHkkod ukSdj'kkgh A
(2) tkrh; ukSdj'kkgh A
(3) laj{kd ukSdj'kkgh A
(4) ;ksX;rk ukSdj'kkgh A
(1) vfHkHkkod ukSdj'kkghblds vUrxZr vfHkHkkodksa dks mudh f'k{kk o vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij p;u djds mUgsa lgh {ks=ksa esa izf'kf{kr
fd;k tkrk Fkk A ;s vfHkHkkod gh iz'kklu dk dk;Z djrs Fks rFkk lekt ds dY;k.kdkjh rFkk U;k; ds laj{kd le>s tkrs Fks A ekDlZ us bls
ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ^^vfHkHkkod ,sls fo}ku~ vf/kdkjhx.k Fks] ftUgsa 'kklu ds vuq:i lEcfU/kr dk;ks ds dq'ky lEiknu ds
fy, mRd`"V izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk Fkk A**
(2) tkrh; ukSdj'kkghbl ukSdj'kkgh dk vk/kkj oxZ gS A ekDlZ ds vuqlkj] ^^bldk mn; mu oxZ fo'ks"k ls gksrk gS] tks
fu;a=k.kdkjh lkk fLFkfr;ksa ls tqM+s gq, gSa A** ,slh ukSdj'kkgh esa HkrhZ ,d oxZ fo'ks"k ds O;fDr;ksa esa ls gksrh gS A tkfrHksn ukSdj'kkgh jktuhfrd
O;oLFkkvksa esa cgqyrk ls ns[kh tk ldrh gS A bu O;oLFkkvksa esa mPp oxks ;k mPp tkfr;ksa esa lEcfU/kr yksx gh yksd lsok esa fy, tkrs gSa A
izkphu Hkkjr esa Hkh dsoy czk.k rFkk {k=h; gh mPp vf/kdkjh cu ldrs Fks A bl izdkj dh ukSdj'kkgh O;oLFkk esa mPp inksa ls lEcfU/kr
;ksX;rk,a tkfrxr izkFkfedrk,a gksrh gSa A
(3) laj{kd ukSdj'kkghbl ukSdj'kkgh dk nwljk uke ^^ywV i)fr** gS A bl izdkj dh ukSdj'kkgh dk vfLrRo ogka gksrk gS] tgka
ljdkjh inksa ij fu;qfDr fdlh O;fDrxr vuqxzg ;k jktuhfrd iqjLdkj ds :i esa dh tkrh gS A laj{kd ukSdj'kkgh dk fodkl fczVsu rFkk la;qDr
jkT; vesfjdk esa fHkUu&fHkUu :iksa esa gqvk gS A laj{kd ukSdj'kkgh dh bl O;oLFkk dh izkfof/kd dq'kyrk dk vHkko] f'kfFky vuq'kklu] izPNUu
ykyp] =qfV;qDr dk;Z i)fr] i{kikriw.kZ n`f"Vdks.k rFkk mRlkg dh deh tSls nks"kksa ds dkj.k dkQh vkykspuk gqbZ gS A
(4) ;ksX;rk ukSdj'kkghbl ukSdj'kkgh dk vk/kkj yksd lsod ds xq.k gksrs gSa rFkk bldk ms'; yksd lsok dh dk;Zdq'kyrk gS A bldk
y{; ^^izfrHkk ds fy, eqDr p;u** gksrk gS A blesa ;g iz;Ru fd;k tkrk gS fd yksd lsok esa ,sls ;ksX;re O;fDr gh HkrhZ fd, tkuk] ftudh
;ksX;rkvksa dh oLrqfu"B ekin.Mksa }kjk tkap dh xbZ gks A orZeku le; esa lHkh ns'kksa esa blh iz.kkyh dk izpyu gS A vk/kqfud iztkra= esa ljdkjh
deZpkjh okLro esa turk dh lsok esa fu;qDr ,d vf/kdkjh gksrk gS] ftldh HkrhZ okafNr ;ksX;rkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fu"i{k tkap }kjk dh tkrh
gS A og vius dk;Z ds fy, ifjJe] cqf) rFkk Lo;a dh izfrHkk ds vfrfjDr vU; fdlh dk _.kh ugha gksrk gS A
iz'u 6- izf'k{k.k dh ifr;ksa vkSj rduhdksa dh la{ksi esa O;k[;k dhft,A
mkjizf'k{k.k vk/kqfud dkfeZd izca/k dk ,d izeq[k igyw gS A gky ds o"kks esa gh ljdkj ds nkf;Ro cgqr c<+ x, gSa rFkk iz'kklu dh
dk;Ziz.kkyh cgqr tfVy gks xbZ gS A iz'kklfud dk;ks dks lqpk# :i ls pykus ds fy, n{k dkfeZdksa dh vko';drk jgrh gS A deZpkfj;ksa dks
n{k rFkk dk;Zdq'ky cukus ds fy, mUgsa izHkkoh rFkk mi;qDr izf'k{k.k nsuk vko';d gks tkrk gS A lkekU; 'kCnksa esa] izf'k{k.k dk vFkZ ^^fdlh
[kkl dyk] O;olk; ;k is'ks esa f'k{kk nsuk gS A** yksd iz'kklu esa izf'k{k.k dk vFkZ gS ^^fdlh deZpkjh dh dk;Zdq'kyrk] 'kfDr vkSj cqf)ekk
lq/kkjus rFkk okfNr fn'kk esa mldh #fp vkSj ewY; iz.kkyh fodflr djus ds fy, lf; iz;kl djuk A** bl izdkj izf'k{k.k ,d lf;]
lqfu;ksftr rFkk fof'k"V izf;k gS] ftldk ms'; deZpkfj;ksa dks muds dk;Z esa dk;Zdq'kyrk] Kku vkSj izHkkfodrk esa lq/kkj iznku djuk gS A

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fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa izf'k{k.k blfy, vko';d gS] D;ksafd

1. vf/kdk'k fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa vke rkSj ij izf'kf{kr vkSj ;ksX;rk izkIr O;fDr;ksa dh deh gS A
2. bu ns'kksa esa izf'k{k.k lqfo/kk, vkSj izf'k{k.k lLFkk,a vi;kZIr gSa A
3. ljdkj ds dk;Z c<+s gSa rFkk iz'kklu tfVy gks x;k gS A
4. bu ns'kksa esa lkekftd&vkfFkZd fLFkfr;k rsth ls cny jgh gSa A rhoz xfr ls gksus okys bu ifjorZuksa dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds
fy, iz'kklu esa uohdj.k dh vko';drk gS A
5. fodkl dk;Zeksa dk dk;kZUo;u vlk/kkj.k rsth vkSj n{krk ls djus ds fy, ljdkj ij turk dk ncko cuk jgrk gS A
izf'k{k.k dh dqN egoiw.kZ i)fr;k fuEufyf[kr gSa
d dk;Z djrs gq, vuqHko }kjk izf'k{k.k(
[k vkSipkfjd f'k{kk }kjk izf'k{k.k( rFkk
x izf'k{k.k dh lEesyu i)fr A
(d) dk;Z djrs gq, vuqHko }kjk izf'k{k.k
bl i)fr esa ,d O;fDr dks fdlh dke ij yxk;k tkrk gS rFkk og O;fDr ml dke dks djrs gq, gh lh[krk gS A ckn esa mls nwljs foHkkx
;k dke ij LFkkukarfjr dj nsrk gS A bl izdkj og dke djrs ls gq, vuqHko }kjk lh[krk gS A mlds ofj"B vf/kdkjh le;&le; ij mlds
dk;Z dh tkp djrs gSa rFkk mldh dke lh[kus esa enn Hkh djrs gSa A izf'k{k.k dh ;g i)fr lLrh o ljy gS] ijarq blesa izf'k{k.k dh xfr
cgqr /kheh jgrh gS A
([k) vkSipkfjd f'k{kk }kjk izf'k{k.k
izf'k{k.k dh bl i)fr esa dqN O;k[;ku ;k d{kk, vk;ksftr djds izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dks ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk vkSipkfjd :i ls i<+k;k tkrk
gS A ckgjh fo'ks"kKksa ds O;k[;kuksa dh Hkh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gS A deZpkfj;ksa dks vko';d izf'k{k.k nsus ds fy, O;k[;ku] laxksf"B;ksa o dk;Z'kkykvksa
dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gS A vktdy izf'k{k.k dh ;gh i)fr yksdfiz; gS A fo'ks"khd`r izf'k{k.k laLFkkuksa esa pqus gq, izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa ds lewg dks
vkSipkfjd f'k{kk nh tkrh gS A vkSipkfjd izf'k{k.k ds le; n`';&Jo.k midj.kksa] dEI;wVjksa bR;kfn u, midj.kksa dk bLrseky Hkh fd;k tkrk
gS A
(x) izf'k{k.k dh lEesyu ifr
izf'k{k.k dh ;g i)fr Hkh vc cgqr izpfyr gS A bl i)fr esa pqus gq, izf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dks ,d eap ij yk;k tkrk gS rFkk os lEesyu dh
izf;k esa lf; Hkkx ysrs gSa A lEesyu esa ppkZ ds fy, dqN fof'k"V ekeys fn, tkrs gSa rFkk izf'k{k.kkFkZ os vius vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij ekeys
ds ckjs esa viuh jk; nsrs gSa A bl i)fr dks fo"k;&fo'ys"k.k i)fr Hkh dgk tkrk gS A bl i)fr dk lcls cM+k ykHk ;g gS fd blesa nwljksa
ds vuqHko ls lh[kus dk volj feyrk gS A
iz'u 7 e;LFk eaMy ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
mkjla;qDr ijke'kZnk=h ra= rFkk vfuok;Z e/;LFkrk dh ;kstuk ds varxZr dsUnzh; ljdkj ds deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, e/;LFkrk e.Myksa dh
LFkkiuk dh xbZ Fkh A bl e.My dh lnL;&la[;k 3 gksrh gS] ftlesa ls ,d lnL; dk p;u vfdkfjd i{k }kjk izLrqr ikap lnL;h; iSuy
esa ls fd;k tkrk gS A nwljs lnL; dk p;u jk"Vh; ifj"kn~ }kjk is'k fd, x, ^^iSuy** esa ls fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd rhljs lnL; dk euksu;u
v/;{k }kjk fd;k tkrk gS] tksfd Lora= fdLe dk O;fDr gksrk gS A
e/;LFkrk ds {ks=kfdkj ds varxZr vkus okys ekeys gS
(1) osru rFkk Hkksa ls lacafr ekeys]
(2) dk;Z ds lkIrkfgd dkykof@?k.Vs rFkk
(3) deZpkfj;ksa ds fdlh oxZ ;k osru Lrj ds fo"k; esa vodk'k vkfn ds fo"k; A
e/;LFkrk e.My }kjk uhfrijd fu.kZ;ksa ij igqapus ds fy, vusd uhfr&funsZ'k fukZfjr fd, x, gSa rFkk dfri; ekeys blds {ks=kfdkj
ls ckgj j[ks x, gSa rFkk vk;ksx dh flQkfj'kksa ds vuqlkj rFkk ljdkj }kjk fukZfjr ekeyksa ij ikap o"kks dh vof ds fy, e/;LFkrk djus
ij jksd yxkbZ tkrh gS rFkk ;g vof flQkfj'k rFkk ljdkj }kjk tkjh vkns'kksa dh frfFk ls fxuh tkrh gS A ml vof ds chrus ds i'pkr~
o"kZ ds fy;s os fo"k; e.My ds vhu gks tkrs gSa A
e/;LFkrk e.My dh flQkfj'ksa nksuksa i{kksa ds fy, leku :i ls ck/;dkjh gksrh gSa A fdarq ;fn laln~ pkgs] rks og jk"Vh; vFkZO;oLFkk vFkok

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lkekftd U;k; ds uke ij mUgsa la'kksfr dj ldrh gS vFkok mUgsa jnn~ Hkh dj ldrh gS A laln~ ds vfrfjDr budh lk loksZPp gksrh gS A
e/;LFkrk e.My ds vfdrj QSlys deZpkfj;ksa ds i{k esa gksrs gS rFkk muls yk[kksa deZpkfj;ksa dk Hkyk Hkh gqvk gS A vr% ;g dgk tk ldrk
gS fd Hkkjr esa vfuok;Z e/;LFkrk iz.kkyh us ljdkj esa deZpkjh&vfdkjh eqj lacaksa dh LFkkiuk ds fodkl esa egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gS A
iz'u 8- fo'ks"kKksa dh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft,A
mkjfo'ks"kK ,slk O;fDr gksrk gS] ftls fdlh fof'k"V {ks= esa fo'ks"k Kku o n{krk izkIr gksrh gS A ljdkj esa fo'ks"kK os gSa ftudh HkrhZ
O;kolkf;d] oSKkfud] rduhdh ;k vU; fo'ks"kKrk o Kku ds vk/kkj ij inksa ij dh tkrh gS A buesa MkWDVj] vfHk;ark] oSKkfud] odhy] lkaf[;d
rFkk vFkZ'kkL=h bR;kfn vkrs gSa A fo'ks"kK esa in ij fu;qfDr ls iwoZ ;g vko';d gS fd og ;k rks O;kolkf;d rduhdh 'kS{kf.kd f'k{kk izkIr
gks ;k igys ls gh lEcfU/kr {ks= esa O;kolkf;d vkSj dke&/kU/ks dk izf'k{k.k izkIr gks A vr% fo'ks"kK ds eq[; y{k.k vius fo"k; ds izfr leiZ.k]
O;olk; ds izfr lec)rk o fujUrj izfrc)rk rFkk viuh fo'ks"kKrk esa lq/kkj ds fy, iz;Ru'khyrk dgs tk ldrs gSa A vius fo"k; ds fo'ks"kK
gksus ds dkj.k mPp inksa ij fu;qfDr ds fy, fo'ks"kK vuqi;qDr gksrs gSa] D;ksafd os iz'kklfud rFkk izca/kdh; leL;kvksa dh tfVyrk dks le>us
esa vleFkZ jgrs gSa A
orZeku ;qx esa iz'kklu vf/kd rduhdh] O;olkf;d rFkk fof'k"Vhd`r gksus ds dkj.k rFkk fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk esa vkus okyh xR;kRed
izf;k,a ftuds ek/;e ls lkekftd] jktuSfrd rFkk vkfFkZd mRFkku ds lkFk iwjs lekt ds lEiw.kZ ifjorZu ds ekxZ iz'kLr fd, tkrs gSa] dk
ukSdj'kkgh ds dk;ks ij cgqr vf/kd izHkko iM+k gS A
vk/kqfudhdj.k dh izf;k esa lHkh dk;Z jkT; dh vksj ls ukSdj'kkgh dks djus gksrs gSa rFkk bu dk;ks dks djus ds fy, mUgsa O;olkf;d
n{krk izkIr djuh vko';d gksrh gS A
vk/kqfud ;qx ds iz'kklfud laxBuksa esa leL;k,a vf/kdrj rduhdh izd`fr dh gSa rFkk bu tfVy rduhdh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy,
fo'ks"k Kku dh vko';drk gksrh gS A lkFk gh iz'kklu ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fofHkUu izdkj dh fo'ks"kKrk] ;ksX;rk rFkk vuqHko dh vko';drk gks
xbZ gS A
oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh {ks=ksa esa dk;Ze fu;kstu rFkk fofHkUu ifj;kstukvksa ds f;kUo;u esa fo'ks"kKksa dh Hkwfedk vko';d cu xbZ gS A
ljdkj ds fo'ks"kK dk;Z{ks= esa uhfr&fuekZ.k rFkk fu.kZ; ysus lEcU/kh lHkh dk;ks dk mjnkf;Ro vko';d :i ls fo'ks"kK iz'kkldksa dk gksrk gS A
ukxfjdksa ds lkekftd rFkk vkfFkZd thou esa lexz fodkl ds dk;ks dh ljdkj dh ekU;rk dks O;ogkj esa f;kfUor djus ds QyLo:i
iz'kklu gh foLr`r ifjorZuksa ds izcU/k dh ftEesnkjh xzg.k dj jgk gS A Hkfo"; esa iz'kklu foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh] lkekftd ,oa O;kogkfjd foKku]
fu.kZ;&fuekZ.k izcU/k] ekuoh; lEcU/k vkfn {ks=ksa esa uwru fodkl ds y{k.kksa ls tkuk tk,xk A bu lHkh {ks=ksa esa O;olkf;d fo'ks"kKrk dh
vko';drk gksrh gS A
lkFk gh iz'kklu ds ijEijkxr {ks=ksa esa Hkh fo'ks"kKksa dh Hkwfedk] ego ,oa ekU;rk fujUrj c<+rh tk jgh gS A
vr% vk/kqfud dY;k.kdkjh iz'kklu esa fo'ks"kKksa dh Hkwfedk dkQh egoiw.kZ gks xbZ gS A

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