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ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2014-2015)

B.P.A.E.-102
Hkkjrh; iz'kklu
(Indian Administration)
Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the
Assignments. These Sample Answers/Solutions are prepared by Private Teacher/Tutors/Auhtors for the help and Guidance
of the student to get an idea of how he/she can answer the Questions of the Assignments. We do not claim 100%
Accuracy of these sample Answers as these are based on the knowledge and cabability of Private Teacher/Tutor. Sample
answers may be seen as the Guide/Help Book for the reference to prepare the answers of the Question given in the
assignment. As these solutions and answers are prepared by the private teacher/tutor so the chances of error or mistake
cannot be denied. Any Omission or Error is highly regretted though every care has been taken while preparing these
Sample Answers/Solutions. Please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer & for
uptodate and exact information, data and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided
by the university.

iz'u 1 ekS;Z vkSj eqxy iz'kklu esa varj Li"V dhft,A

mkjHkkjr osQ bfrgkl dk izkjEHk flU/q ?kkVh lH;rk ls gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA oSfnd dky esa fgUnw keZ dk mn; gqvk FkkA Hkkjr
osQ egku jktkvksa osQ 'kkludky esa Hkkjr esa vusd lqkkj gq, vkSj bUgksaus Hkkjr osQ dkiQh cM+s Hkkx dks laxfBr djus esa viuk
egoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k gSA bu lHkh osQ 'kkludky dks Lo.kZ;qx dk xkSjo izkIr gqvk gSA Hkkjr esa ekS;Z vkSj eqxy iz'kklu viuh mPp
iz'kklfud ifr;ksa osQ fy, izfl FksA ckn esa muosQ ewy y{k.kksa dks gh eq[; :i ls tkjh j[kk x;k Fkk] tks ckn esa tkdj fczfV'k
lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dk vkkkj cusA
izkphu dky esa exk] ekS;Z vkSj fiQj xqIr dky vkrs gSAa ekS;Z rFkk xqIr iz'kklu ,d lqfu;ksftr iz'kklu Fkk ftlosQ varxZr jktuSfrd]
lkekftd rFkk vkFkd thou mke <ax dk FkkA ;g bl ckr dk mke izek.k gS fd fczfV'k 'kkldksa osQ Hkkjr esa vkus ls iwoZ gh muosQ
'kklu osQ fof'k"V y{k.k vFkkZr~ mudh ifr;ksa dh fo'ks"krk, igys gh izfrfcfEcr gks xbZ FkhaA ekS;Z rFkk xqIr iz'kklu esa lezkV~~ esa lEiw.kZ
'kfDr;k fufgr Fkha vFkkZr~ jktk loZ'kfDreku gksrk Fkk rFkk mlosQ gh uke ls lc dke gksrs FksA mls lgk;rk nsus osQ fy, lHkk vkSj
ifj"kn~ FkhA ekS;Z iz'kklu esa jkT; dks nks izdkj osQ dk;Z djus iM+rs Fkslafo/kfud dk;ks esa lqO;oLFkk cuk, j[kuk rFkk iz'kkluh; dk;ks
esa dY;k.k lsok, iznku djukA xqIrdkyhu iz'kklu Hkh ,d dY;k.kdkjh jkT; dk ;qx Fkk ftlesa U;k; O;oLFkk mnkj Fkh vkSj lHkh yksx
dkZO; dh Hkkouk ls dk;Z djrs FksA pUnzxIq r ekS;Z osQ vkhu ea=kh] dkSfVY; us vius ^vFkZ'kkL=k* esa jktk] ea=kh] tuin] nqx]Z dks"k rFkk
lsuk dks jkT; osQ vkkkjHkwr vaxkas osQ :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa mlus jktk dks ize[q krk nh Fkh] tks vius xq.kksa osQ vkkkj ij
vU; lHkh dk lapkyu djrk FkkA bl izdkj nksuksa 'kkldksa us ,d&nwljs dh ijEijk dks tkjh j[kkA blh izdkj ge nwljh rjiQ n`f"V Mkysa
rks gesa Kkr gksxk fd eqxyksa us Hkh bUgha jktuhfrd rFkk iz'kklfud ijEijkvksa dks ekS;Z vkSj xqIr 'kkldksa dh rjg cuk, j[kkA eqxy dky
esa Hkh lHkh xfrfofk;ksa dk osQUnz jktk gh FkkA bl dky esa Hkh jktk dks nSoh 'kfDr osQ :i esa ns[kk tkrk FkkA eqxy dky esa osQUnzh; iz'kklu
ls ysdj LFkkuh; iz'kklu rFkk ukSdj'kkgh iqfyl lc esa lezkV~~ dh Hkwfedk vge~ Fkh vkSj iz'kklu esa tks Hkh vfkdkjhx.k Fks jktk }kjk
gh fu;qDr fd, tkrs FksA ekS;Z 'kklu dh Hkkfr gh eqxyksa osQ 'kklu esa Hkh bu vfkdkfj;ksa dk ize[q k dkZO; lekt esa 'kkafr cuk, j[kuk
FkkA iz'kklfud O;oLFkk ,d fijkfeM dh Hkkfr Fkh] ftlesa izR;sd vfkdkjh vius ls mPp vfkdkjh osQ izfr mkjnk;h gksrk FkkA bl
iz'kklfud O;oLFkk dks ,d js[kkfp=k }kjk le>k tk ldrk gS] tks bl izdkj gS

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jktk

odhy

othj

'kkgh nhoku

lwcsnkj ;k xouZj

iQkStnkj vkSj veyxqtkj

(osQUnzh; iz'kklu
eq[; vfkdkjh)

(izkUrh; iz'kklu osQ

izeq[k vfkdkjh)

(LFkkuh; iz'kklu osQ

izeq[k vfkdkjh)

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eqxyksa osQ 'kkludky esa eulcnkjh iz.kkyh fo|eku FkhA eulcnkjh izFkk dk lEcUk eq[;r;k lsuk O;oLFkk ls FkkA eqxy lsuk
fofHkUu roksa dk feJ.k FkhA Hkw&jktLo ijEijkxr :i ls jkT; dh vk; dk izeq[k lzksr FkkA Hkwfe dks ekius osQ mijkar mRiknu dk
1@3 Hkkx jkT; osQ fgLls esa dj fn;k tkrk FkkA Hkw&jktLo olwyus dk vfkdkj izkUrh; 'kklu esa ljdkj osQ eqf[k;k veyxqtkjksa dk
gksrk FkkA U;k; O;oLFkk ij n`f"V Mkysa rks og oqQjku osQ fu;eksa ij gh vkkkfjr Fkh D;ksafd 'kkld bLyke osQ gh vuq;k;h FksA eq[;r%
rks lezkV~~ gh vafre U;k;kkh'k Fkk] ij jktk osQ ckn mldk izeq[k dkth gksrk FkkA U;k; O;oLFkk nhokuh (flfoy) rFkk iQkStnkjh
(ffeuy) nks izdkj dh Fkh vkSj nksuksa osQ fy, bLyke osQ dkuwuksa dks ekuuk vko';d FkkA n.M O;oLFkk dBksj Fkh] U;k; dh
vkkqfud n`f"V ls ;s ltk, dBksj Fkha vkSj turk osQ lkFk iwjk U;k; ugha gksrk FkkA
ckn dh fLFkfr esa ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd U;k; dk iz'kklu lqkkjus osQ fy, fczfV'k iz'kklu }kjk iz;kl fd, x, FksA la{ksi esa]
eqxy dky osQ iru osQ ckn vaxzsth 'kklu dks tks O;oLFkk feyh] og osQUnzhr (Centralised) rFkk oS;fDrd (Personalised) FkhA
jktk losZlokZ gksrk FkkA U;kf;d O;oLFkk dk <kpk cgqr detksj Fkk vkSj lekt esa lkearh O;oLFkk fo|eku FkhA
iz'u 2 jkT; iz'kklu esa jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk dh O;k[;k dhft,A
mkjHkkjr 29 jkT;ksa vkSj 6 la?kh; izns'kksa dk ,d la?k gS] blfy, bls ^jkT;ksa dk la?k* Hkh dgk tkrk gSA jkT; dh dk;Zikfydk
esa jkT;iky vkSj ,d eaf=kifj"kn~~ gksrh gSA lafokku us osQUnzh; rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa osQ chp 'kfDr;ksa dk foHkktu fd;k gS vkSj nksuksa
gh ljdkjsa vius&vius {ks=kksa esa iw.kZr;k Lora=k gSaA izk;% ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd ftl izdkj osQUnz esa lalnh; <kpk gS Bhd mlh izdkj
jkT;ksa esa Hkh ljdkj dk ogh <kpk gS ftls fuEu iznk rkfydk }kjk le>k tk ldrk gS
jkT; iz'kklu

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jkT;iky

eq[;ea=kh

fokkulHkk

fokku ifj"kn~

osQUnz esa ftl izdkj jk"Vifr dk;Zikfydk dk v;{k gS] oSls gh jkT;ksa esa jkT;iky gksrk gSA okLro esa jkT;iky viuh 'kfDr;ksa
dk mi;ksx eaf=keaMy dh lykg ls djrk gSA ijarq lafokku us jkT;iky dks oqQN Lofoosd dh 'kfDr;k Hkh iznku dh gSaA jkT;iky
jkT; dk v;{k gksrk gS vr% og eq[;ea=kh dh fu;qfDr djrk gS rFkk eq[;ea=kh o mldh dk;Zdkfj.kh osQ lnL; jkT;iky dh bPNk
jgus rd gh in ij jgrs gSaA og fokkueaMy dk vax gksus osQ ukrs mldk vfkos'ku cqykrk gS rFkk bls LFkfxr Hkh dj ldrk gSA
dksbZ Hkh fok foks;d jkT;iky dh vuqefr osQ fcuk lnu esa is'k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA jkT;iky osQ ikl {keknku dh Hkh 'kfDr
gksrh gS] og fdlh dh Hkh ltk dks de dj ldrk gSA ;|fi ;g lp gS fd jkT;iky jkT; dk eqf[k;k gksrk gS ijarq okLro esa
dk;Zdkjh 'kfDr;ksa dk iz;ksx eq[;ea=kh rFkk eaf=keaMy }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
lafokku osQ }kjk jkT;iky dks vusd 'kfDr;k nku dh xbZ gSaA jkT;ksa esa jkT;iky dh ogh fLFkfr gS tks osQUnz esa jk"Vifr dh
gSA lafokku }kjk jkT;iky dks jkT; esa Hkh oqQN vkikr~dkyhu 'kfDr;k nku dh xbZ gSa ftlosQ varxZr vxj jkT;iky dks ;g larqf"V
gks tk, fd jkT; dk 'kklu lafokku osQ vuqlkj ugha pyk;k tk ldrk rks og bl rF; dh fjiksVZ jk"Vifr osQ ikl Hkst ldrk
gS vkSj mldh bl fjiksVZ osQ vkkkj ij jkT; esa jk"Vifr 'kklu ykxw gks tkrk gSA bl ladVdkyhu fLFkfr esa og jkT; osQ vanj jk"Vifr
osQ ,tsaV osQ :i esa dk;Z djrk gS vkSj jk"Vifr jkT; ljdkj dh lkjh 'kfDr;k vius gkFkksa esa ys ysrk gSA bl dkj jk"Vifr jkT;
fokkueaMy dh leLr 'kfDr;k laln dks lkSai ldrk gS vkSj blls 'kklu dk Lo:i ,dkRed .kkyh esa cny tkrk gSA
jkT;iky dh vkikr~dkyhu 'kfDr;ksa osQ ;ksx osQ rjhosQ osQ vkkkj ij dbZ vkykspdksa }kjk vkykspuk, dh tkrh gSa fd vuqPNsn
356 osQ vkhu jkT;ikyksa us jk"Vifr dks viuh lykg nsrs le; Lo;afoosd dk ;ksx ugha fd;kA 1959] 1984 osQ mnkgj.kksa ls Li"V
gks tkrk gS fd jkT;iky us viuh Lofoosdh 'kfDr dk ;ksx ugha fd;k vkSj bu ekeyksa esa mu ij ;g nks"k yxk fd jkT;ikyksa us
jkT; ljdkjksa dks vYier eas ykus dh dksf'k'k dh FkhA
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la{ksi esa] ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd lafokku }kjk nk 'kfDr;ksa osQ ;ksx }kjk og lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ,d laoSkkfud v;{k
osQ :i esa dk;Z djsxk] ij fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa mldh Hkwfedk vfr egoiw.kZ gks tk,xh] tks mldh vkikr~dkyhu 'kfDr;ksa ls
ifjyf{kr gksrk gSA
iz'u 3- osaQnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ chp iz'klfud lacak dk la{ksi esa foospu dhft,A
mkjtSlk fd ge igys gh ppkZ dj pqosQ gSa fd Hkkjrh; lafokku u rks iw.kZr% la?kh; gS vkSj u gh ,dkRed gSA osQUnz ,oa
jkT;ksa osQ chp 'kfDr;ksa osQ foHkktu esa la?kh; :i Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA 'kfDr;ksa dk caVokjk fokk;h gh ugha gS] cfYd dk;Zdkjh
,oa iz'kklfud {ks=kksa esa Hkh gSA lafokku osQ izkokkuksa osQ vuqlkj osQUnz ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp iz'kklfud 'kfDr;ksa dk foHkktu fd;k x;k
gS] ftlosQ varxZr vuqPNsn 256 esa Li"V :i ls ;g O;oLFkk dh xbZ gS fd jkT;ksa }kjk 'kfDr dk iz;ksx bl izdkj fd;k tk,xk tks
laln osQ dkuwu osQ vuq:i gksA ns'k esa iz'kklu osQ egoiw.kZ {ks=kksa osQ izcaku osQ fy, vuqPNsn 312 osQ vkhu ,dho`Qr vf[ky
Hkkjrh; lsok dk izkokku gSA ,dho`Qr U;kf;d iz.kkyh gekjh la?kh; iz.kkyh dk ,d fof'k"V y{k.k gSA osQUnz ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp fokh;
lEcUk ls lEcfUkr izkokku Hkkjr ljdkj vfkfu;e 1935 ls fy, x, gSaA djkkku (areas of taxation) esa jkT;ksa dks de 'kfDr
izkIr gS vkSj fokh; lgk;rk osQ fy, os osQUnz ij cgqr vfkd fuHkZj gSaA vkikr~ fLFkfr osQ nkSjku osQUnz ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp fokh;
lEcUkksa esa ifjorZu gksrs gSaA lkjh 'kfDr;k osQUnz dks izkIr gks tkrh gSaA gky esa osQUnz ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp lg;ksx LFkkfir djus osQ fy,
vU; nwljs laoSkkfud ,oa vkSipkfjd mik; Hkh fd, x, gSaA O;ogkjr% fu;fer :i ls eq[;eaf=k;ksa] jkT;ikyksa] eq[; lfpoksa vkfn
dk ok"kd lEesyu gksrk jgrk gSA iqfyl egkfujh{kdksa dk lEesyu nks o"kks ckn gksrk gSA nksuksa osQ e; lg;ksx osQ fy, ;kstuk vk;ksx
,oa jk"Vh; fodkl ifj"kn~ dh Hkwfedk mYys[kuh; gSA jk"Vh; ,drk ifj"kn~ 1986 esa xfBr dh xbZ FkhA blesa u osQoy osQUnzh; ea=kh
vkSj jkT;ksa osQ eq[;ea=kh Fks vfirq jk"Vh; vkSj {ks=kh; nyksa] Jfedksa vkSj efgykvksa osQ izfrfufk Hkh 'kkfey FksA 1988 esa ljdkfj;k
vk;ksx us Hkh osQUnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ chp lg;ksx osQ fy, lq>ko fn, Fks vkSj mUesa ls oqQN dks ekuk Hkh x;kA la{ksi esa] orZeku 'kklu
esa osQUnzh; izHkqRo ls la?kkRed O;oLFkk osQ lqpkjQ :i ls lapkyu dks kDdk yxk gSA jkT;ksa }kjk ekxksa osQ tokc esa vHkh rd dksbZ
fo'ks"k dne ugha mBk;k x;k gSA fiQj Hkh ns'k osQ lokxh.k fodkl osQ fy, osQUnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ chp vPNs lEcUkksa dh LFkkiuk osQ
fy, mBk;s x, dne ldkjkRed gSaA gekjh la?kh; O;oLFkk esa vfkd foosQUnzhdj.k osQ fy, jktuhfrd ,oa iz'kklfud nksuksa Lrjksa
ij iz;kl djus dh vko';drk gSA
iz'u 4- {ks=k iz'kklu dh Hkwfedk dh ppkZ dhft,A
mkj{ks=k ;k iQhYM 'kklu foosQUhr jkT; 'kklu gSA {ks=k 'kklu dk eq[; ;kstu yksxksa dks jkT; osQ fu;ked vkSj
lsok&dk;ks osQ vfkd lehi ykuk gS rFkk uhfr&fuekZ.k vkSj f;kUo;u esa ukxfjdksa dh lgHkkfxrk kIr djuk gSA jkT; ljdkj osQ
vfkdkjh yEch nwjh o dk;Z dh vR;fkd ek=kk osQ dkj.k eq[;ky; ls viuk dk;Z&lapkyu ugha dj ldrs blfy, 'kklu osQ
oqQ'ky dk;Z&lapkyu osQ fy, iQhYM vfkdkjh vko';d gSaA vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd {ks=kh; 'kklu dk lEcUk laxBuksa osQ ml
usVooZQ ls gS tks jkT; Lrj osQ uhps ijarq ftys osQ ij dk;Z djrk gS ;k jkT; eq[;ky; (funs'kky;) vkSj ftys osQ chp e;orhZ
Lrj dh 'kklfud O;oLFkk dks gh {ks=kh; 'kklu dgk tkrk gSA R;sd {ks=k esa dbZ ftys gksrs gSa blfy, jkT; osQ uhps vkSj ftyk
Lrj osQ ij {ks=k gh ,d okLrfod bdkbZ gSA
jkT; esa vfkdka'k foHkkx bu e;orhZ bdkb;ksa esa vius {ks=kh; eq[;ky; j[krs gSaA jkT;ksa dks lkekU; 'kklu osQ fy, eaMy uke
dh okLrfod bdkb;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA eaMy vk;qDr gh k;% R;sd eaMy dk v;{k gksrk gS vkSj og ftyk dyDVjksa
osQ dk;ks dk i;Zos{k.k djrk gSA
varr%] jkT;ksa esa {ks=kh; 'kklu osQ fofHk iSVuZ gSa ftUgsa ge ,d mnkgj.k }kjk vklkuh ls le> ldrs gSajkT; Lrj ij lpkbZ
foHkkx dk {ks=kh; Lrj ij vkh{k.k vfHk;ark (Suprintendent Engineer) gksrk gS tks vius {ks=k osQ dk;Zdkjh vfHk;arkvksa dk Hkkjh
gksrk gSA vr% fdlh foHkkx fo'ks"k dk {ks=kh; 'kklfud <kpk gksuk pkfg, ;k ugha] ;g k;% jkT; osQ vkdkj] dk;Z dh ek=kk rFkk
mlosQ Lo:i ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
iz'u 5- bafM;u dkmafly ,sDV] 1892 ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
mkjvaxzstksa osQ Hkkjr vkxeu osQ le; gekjs ns'k esa iz'kklfud iz.kkyh FkhA igys O;kikjh rFkk fiQj mifuos'k osQ 'kkld osQ
:i esa vaxzstksa us viuh t:jrksa osQ vuq:i bl iz'kklfud iz.kkyh dk fodkl fd;kA
1857 osQ fonzksg ls vc fczfV'k 'kkldksa osQ fy, t:jh gks x;k fd os jkT;ksa dks gM+ius osQ ctk; lg;ksx ls cukbZ uhfr ij
pysaA 1857 osQ laxzke us fczfV'k 'kkldksa dh tSls vk[ksa [kksy nhaA vxj Hkkjr ij 'kklu djus okyh laLFkkvksa esa Hkkjrh;ksa dks 'kkfey

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ugha fd;k x;k rks fo'kky mifuos'k 'kklu pykus esa cM+s [krjs FksA 1858 osQ vfkfu;e us dEiuh osQ 'kklu vkSj nksgjh ljdkj dks
[kRe dj fn;kA bl O;oLFkk esa LFkkuh; ujs'kksa dks vk'oklu fn;k x;k Fkk fd muosQ vfkdkj] xfjek vkSj lEeku cuk jgsxkA blls
os 'kkar jgsaxs vkSj fczfV'k 'kklu osQ f[kykiQ mBus okyh fdlh Hkh izxfr'khy 'kfDr osQ fy, izfrxkeh joS;k viuk,xsA
1861 bafM;u dkmafly ,DV 1858 osQ vfkfu;e ls bl vFkZ esa vkxs Fkk fd blesa xouZj&tujy dh dk;Zdkjh dkmaflyksa esa
xSj&ljdkjh lnL;ksa dks j[kus dh O;oLFkk FkhA ijUrq bl vfkfu;e esa fofHkUu ujs'k ;k muosQ nhoku gh xSj&ljdkjh lnL; gksrs Fks
ij os okLro esa turk osQ izfrfufk rks fcYoqQy ugha FksA bl izdkj ;g vfkfu;e 1858 osQ vfkfu;e ls Hkh T;knk fiNM+k gqvk
FkkA LokHkkfod Fkk fd 1861 dk bafM;u dkmafly vfkfu;e] Hkkjr esa izxfr'khy yksxksa dh mEehnksa dks larq"V ugha dj ldkA vaxzstksa
us Hkkjrh;ksa dks larq"V djus osQ fy, 1892 dk bafM;u dkmafly ,DV ikl fd;k] ysfdu blls Hkh Hkkjr osQ yksxksa dh [kkl mEehnsa
iwjh ugha gqbA bl vfkfu;e esa okLro esa izxfr'khy ckr ;g Fkh fd blesa dkmaflyksa dks lalnh; rjhosQ osQ vfkdkj fn;s x;s FksA
iz'u 6- 74osa lafokku la'kksku vfkfu;e] 1992 dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dh la{ksi esa ppkZ dhft,A
mkj1992 esa ykxw 74oka lafokku la'kksku dbZ ek;uksa esa 'kgjh fudk;ksa osQ fy, egoiw.kZ FkkA k;% ;g la'kksku vius vki
esa vusd fo'ks"krk, lesVs gq, Fkk] ftudk o.kZu fuEufyf[kr gS
(1) ;g igyh ckj Fkk fd uxjikfydk ljdkj dks laoSkkfud gSfl;r kIr gqbZA
(2) bl la'kksku osQ mijkar 'kgjh Lo'kklu rhu dkj dh laLFkkvksa esa foHkkftr gks x;kuxj fuxe] uxj ifj"kn~ vkSj
uxjikfydkvksa esa ckaVk x;k rFkk lkFk&gh&lkFk dgha&dgha okMks }kjk Hkh ;g dk;Z laikfnr fd;k x;kA
(3) bu laLFkkvksa dk dk;Zdky 5 o"kZ fuf'pr fd;k x;kA
(4) blh osQ lkFk&lkFk lafokku la'kkskuksa esa lekt osQ detksj oxks rFkk efgykvksa dks vkj{k.k nku fd;k x;k gS rFkk budh
n'kk lqkkjus gsrq vkSj Hkh vusd kokku fd, x, gSaA efgykvksa gsrq 1@3 lhVsa vkjf{kr dh xbZ gSaA
(5) uxjikfydk pqukoksa dks jkT; ljdkj osQ lhks fu;a=k.k ls ckgj j[kus osQ fy, uxj fudk;ksa osQ fy, LoPN ,oa Lora=k o
fu"i{k fuokZpu vk;ksx dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ gSA
(6) R;sd 5&5 o"kZ osQ varjky ij ,d fok vk;ksx osQ xBu dks Hkh vfuok;Z cuk;k x;kA ;g vk;ksx ljdkj dks lkSais tkus
okys djksa vkSj 'kqYd osQ fukkZj.k osQ fy, jkT; dks lafpr fufk esa ls fn, tkus okys vuqnku dk Hkh lq>ko nsxk vkSj mudh
fLFkfr lqkkjus gsrq lgk;rk Hkh djsxkA
(7) buosQ vykok egkuxj ;kstuk lfefr;ka egkuxjksa esa LFkkfir dh tk,axh] ftlls ljdkj dh ;kstusrj iaQM o vU;
vko';drkvksa osQ ckjs esa enn dh tk losQA
la{ksi esa] ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd 74oka lafokku la'kksku ,d ;qxkardkjh ?kVuk jgk gS] ftlus uxjh; Lo'kklu bdkbZ dks vfr
egoiw.kZ LFkku fnyk;k gS rFkk bu {ks=kksa esa jkT; osQ vuqfpr vfre.k dks jksdus esa Hkh enn dh gSA
iz'u 7- osaQnzh; lroZQrk vk;ksx osQ dk;ks dk o.kZu dhft,A
mkjHkz"Vkpkj ij dkcw ikus osQ fy, Hkkjr esa cgqr&ls laLFkku gSa] muesa ls ,d gS osQUnzh; lroZQrk vk;ksxA osQUnzh; lroZQrk
vk;ksx dk xBu 1964 esa yksd lsokvksa esa Hkz"Vkpkj dh jksdFkke osQ fy, fd;k x;k FkkA blosQ vk;qDr dh fu;qfDr Hkkjr osQ jk"Vifr
}kjk 6 o"kks osQ fy, dh tkrh gSA vk;qDr osQ vykok blesa fofHk Lrjksa osQ 150 deZpkjh gSaA vk;ksx dk {ks=kkfkdkj osQUnzh; ljdkj
osQ lHkh deZpkjh] lkewfgd laLFkk] fnYyh uxj fuxe rFkk uxjikfydk rd iSQyk gqvk gSA lroZQrk vk;ksx dh izo`Qfr ijke'kZ nsus
dh gSA vk;ksx Hkz"Vkpkj o nqO;Zogkj dh f'kdk;rsa ukxfjdksa ls lhks izkIr djrk gSA bldk v;{k lsok fuo`fk osQ i'pkr~ osQUnzh;
o jkT; ljdkj osQ vUrxZr dgha Hkh ukSdjh ugha dj ldrkA
osQUnzh; lroZQrk vk;ksx osQ fuEufyf[kr dk;Z gSa
1- ;g fdlh Hkh dk;Zdyki osQ ckjs esa iwNrkN dj ldrk gS] ftlesa ljdkjh deZpkjh lansg osQ ?ksjs esa ;k vkjksfir gksa ,oa
mlus xyr ms';ksa osQ fy, Hkz"V rjhdk viuk;k gksA
2- ;g rc Hkh iwNrkN dj ldrk gS] tc fdlh ljdkjh deZpkjh us xyr ;k Hkz"V ms';ksa osQ fy, viuh 'kfDr dk iz;ksx
fd;k gks ;k iz;ksx u fd;k gks] fdUrq Hkz"Vkpkj] nqO;Zogkj] ljdkjh deZpkjh esa bZekunkjh dk vHkko ;k vU; izdkj osQ
vukpkj ;k vijkk dh dksbZ Hkh f'kdk;r bls izkIr gksA
3- ;g fuxjkuh ,oa Hkz"Vkpkj osQ fo# lkSais x, dk;ks ij fu;a=k.k ,oa fujh{k.k osQ fy, laLFkkvksa ls izfrosnu izkIr dj ldrk
gSA

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4- ;g iz ' kklu dh dk;Z f ofk;ks a ,oa dk;Z d ykiks a dh leh{kk djrk gS ] rkfd iz ' kklu es a bZ e kunkjh
dk;e jgsA
5- vko';d dk;Zokgh osQ fy, f'kdk;rksa dks ;g vius ikl ys ldrk gSA bl izdkj dh dk;Zokgh nks izdkj dh gks ldrh
gSA
osQUnzh; tkp C;wjks ekeyk iatho`Qr dj Nkuchu osQ fy, dg ldrk gS] ;k
osQUnzh; tkp C;wjks ;k lEc laLFkk Nkuchu osQ fy, ekeyk fy[kdj j[k ldrk gSA
lroZQrk vk;ksx f'kdk;rsa Lohdkj djrk gSA ;g laln esa gqbZ vkykspuk] i=k&if=kdkvksa osQ lekpkj] ys[kk ijh{k.k osQ izfrosnu]
vkfn ls Hkh bl izdkj dh lwpuk, ,d=k djrk gSA vk;ksx vius dk;ks dks x`g ea=kky; dks izLrqr djrk gS tks laln osQ nksuksa lnuksa
osQ le{k izLrqr djrk gSA vfkdrj jkT;ksa esa jkT; lroZQrk vk;ksx gSaA
iz'u 8- osaQnzh; lfpoky; osQ dk;ks dh O;k[;k dhft,A
mkjmkjlalnh; iz.kkyh dh egoiw.kZ fo'ks"krkvksa osQ varxZr osQUnzh; lfpoky; dk LFkku vyx o egoiw.kZ gSA izk;% bl
rjg dh 'kklu O;oLFkk nks izdkj dh dk;Zikfydk O;oLFkkvksa osQ varxZr dk;Z djrh gSlkafofkd O;oLFkk] okLrfod O;oLFkkA
izk;% iz'kklu dk lEiw.kZ dk;Z fofHkUu ea=kky;ksa }kjk gh iwjk gksrk gSA ea=kky; okLrfod dk;Zikfydk osQ varxZr vkrk gSA Hkkjr
esa ea=kky;h laxBu ^rhu eafty bekjr* dh rjg gS ftlesa lcls ij ^jktuhfrd Lrj*] e; ^lfpoky;*] fuEu Lrj ^funs'kky;*
gksrk gSA
lfpoky; dk vFkZ gS ^lfpoksa dk dk;kZy;*A lfpo gh ea=kh dk izeq[k lykgdkj gksrk gSA vr% mlosQ dk;ks dks Hkyh&Hkkfr
le>us o djus dk eq[; mkjnkf;Ro lfpoky; ij gh gSA orZeku fu;eksa osQ varxZr lfpoky; osQ izR;sd foHkkx dks fdlh ekeys
dks fuiVkus osQ fy, nwljs fdlh Hkkx ls Hkh lykg ysuh iM+rh gS] tks ml ekeys dks tkuus dk bPNqd gS vFkok ftlls lEcfUkr
gSA vr% lfpo fdlh fof'k"V ea=kh osQ lfpo u gksdj la?k ljdkj osQ lfpo gksrs gSaA
lfpoky; dks fuer djuk izk;% dk;ZoqQ'kyrk o ;ksX;rkiw.kZ ,oa fu"i{krkiw.kZ la?k osQ dk;ks dks fuiVkus gsrq ,d egoiw.kZ o
ljkguh; dne gSA osQUnzh; lfpoky; izeq[kr% nks ms';ksa osQ vkkkj ij dk;Z djrk gSA eq[;r% og bl ckr dk ;ku j[krk gS fd
uhfr cukus osQ dk;Z dks uhfr f;kUo;u osQ dk;Z ls vyx j[kk tk,A mldk nwljk dk;Z ;g gS fd vofk iz.kkyh osQ vkhu dk;Z
djus okys vfkdkfj;ksa dk laoxZ cuk jgsA
osQUnzh; lfpoky; ljdkj dh uhfr&fuekZ.k djus okyh laLFkk gS vkSj blosQ varxZr oqQN dk;ks dks og rc rd dk;kZfUor ugha
djrk tc rd budks djus osQ fy, ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa dh deh osQ dkj.k ,slk djuk t:jh u gks tk,A oLrqr% osQUnzh; lfpoky;
fuEufyf[kr dk;ks dks lEikfnr djrk gS
(i) uhfr&fuekZ.klfpoky; dk izeq[k dk;Z ea=kh dks uhfr fukkZfjr djus esa lgk;rk nsuk gSA ea=kh pquko osQ le; turk ls oqQN
okns djrk gS] ftUgsa iwjk djus osQ fy, mls rRlEcUkh uhfr cukuh gksrh gSA uhfr lEcUkh vko';d lwpuk ,oa vkdM+s miyCk
gksus ij lfpoky; uhfr fuekZ.k dk;Z esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrk gSA
(ii) ea=kky;ksa ij fokh; fu;a=k.k Hkh j[krk gSA
(iii) fu;eksa o flkarksa dk fuekZ.k dk;Z djrk gSA
(iv) osQUnzh; lfpoky; izk;% O;oLFkkfidk esa izLrqr gksus okys izLrko rS;kj djrk gSA ;g lalnh; lfefr;ksa ;k laln }kjk ea=kh ls
iwNs tkus okys iz'uksa dk mkj nsus ls lEcfUkr vko';d tkudkjh] lkexzh vkSj lwpuk, rS;kj djosQ izLrqr djrk gSA
(v) dk;Zikfydk osQ fofHk vfHkdj.kksa dks muosQ dk;Z esa lgk;rk o ekxZn'kZu nsrk gS rFkk muosQ dk;ks dk ewY;kadu Hkh djrk
gSA
(vi) ;g mHkjrh gqbZ lkekftd leL;kvksa dk fujh{k.k] ijh{k.k vkSj fujkdj.k djus dk dk;Z Hkh djrk gSA
(vii) ;g izk;% ljdkjh vaxksa osQ chp ,d lapkj ek;e osQ :i esa dk;Z djrk gS] tSls;kstuk ,oa fok foHkkxA
(viii) ;g izk;% {ks=kh; dk;kZy;ksa osQ fujh{k.k o i;Zos{k.k dk dk;Z Hkh djrk gSA
la{ksi esa] osQUnzh; lfpoky; vusd dk;ks dk fukkZj.k o lapkyu djrk gSA eaf=k;ksa dh enn djuk] fu;ekoyh fukkZfjr djuk]
;kstuk cukuk] fokh; fu;a=k.k j[kuk] {ks=k ,tsafl;ksa dh uhfr;ksa dk fujh{k.k ,oa fu;a=k.k] dk;Zikfydk ,tsafl;ksa dh {kerk fodflr
djus gsrq dne mBkuk vkfn vusd dk;ks dk fukkZj.k djus dk dke osQUnzh; lfpoky; osQ dakksa ij gSA

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