Worksheet3.

1
Ionisationenergyandatomicorbitals
Ionisationenergy
1 a Definethefollowingterms:
i 1stionisationenergy
ii 3rdionisationenergy.
b Writeequationswhichdescribe:
i the 1stionisationofmagnesium
ii the 3rdionisationofmagnesium.
c Whichionisationenergyisrepresentedbyeachequationbelow?
i Mg3+(g)Mg4+(g)+e
Hint: Thenumberoftheionisationenergyisthe
ii Al5+(g)Al6+(g)+e
chargeontheionproducedbytheionisation.

2 a Thetablebelowshowsthefirstfiveionisationenergiesforfiveelements(AtoE).
Statewhichgroupeachoftheseelementsbelongsto.
Element

[3]
[3]
[2]
[2]
[1]
[1]

[5]

Ionisationenergy/kJmol1
1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

786

1580

3230

4360

16090

418

3070

4600

5860

7975

1090

2350

4610

6220

37830

548

1060

4120

5440

6908

577

1980

2960

6190

8200

b ExplainthereasoningbehindyouranswerforelementC.
[2]
c Drawasketchgraphtoshowhowlog10 ionisationenergyforchlorine(atomicnumber17)
varieswhenplottedagainstthenumberofelectronsremoved.
[7]
Atomicorbitals
3 Whatismeantbythetermatomicorbital?

[2]

4 Drawtheshapesandtherelativedirectionsinspaceofalltheatomicorbitalsatenergy
level n=2.

[4]

5 Statethemaximumnumberofelectronsthateachofthefollowingorbitalscanhold.
a A4sorbital.
b Alltheorbitalsatthethirdenergyleveltogether.
c A4dorbital.

[1]
[1]
[1]

6 Whatisthemeaningoftheterm degenerateorbitals?

[2]

7 Whyaredegenerateorbitalssinglyoccupiedatfirst?

[4]

CambridgeInternationalASandALevelChemistry

OriginalmaterialCambridgeUniversityPress2011