Dagondon, Vanessa Olga

Nablo, Janica Mae

Palmitos, Isabel

Date of experiment: June 27, 2013

Date of submission: July 15, 2013

Experiment # 1
PROPERTIES OF MATTER

I.

INTRODUCTION
In identifying the properties of matter, there should be an application of the
different laboratory techniques. Given with different kinds matter, they also have
specific characteristics. An example of which is the boiling point. Boiling point is the
temperature at which the liquid boils. Aside from the boiling point matter also have
different melting points. Melting point is the temperature at which the substance
changes from a solid to a liquid form.
Another way of identifying matter is through its density. Density is the ratio of the
mass of a substance to its volume and it can be calculated by dividing its mass by its
volume.
This experiment tackles different properties of matter such as boiling point,
melting point, and density. Different substances are used and its properties are
observed. Such properties will be used to identify different kinds of matter.

II.

METHODOLOGY
A. Boiling Point
Materials used: 25mL of isopropyl alcohol, 50mL distilling flask, iron stand, iron
ring, iron clamps, condenser, Bunsen burner, thermometer, beaker, cork, wire gauze.
The initial temperature of a 25 mL isopropyl alcohol was recorded. Then, it was
transferred to a distilling flask. Afterwards, the distillation set-up was put up (the set
up was composed of the Bunsen burner on an iron stand under the iron ring and wire
gauze; the distilling flask with a bored cork and thermometer containing the isopropyl
alcohol above the iron ring; the condenser; and a beaker at the end of the condenser).
The set up was heated using a Bunsen burner. The temperature was recorded every
minute until the isopropyl starts to boil and then two more minutes thereafter. The

distillate collected in the beaker was transferred on the distilling flask and the process
was repeated.
B. Melting Point
Materials used: test tube, sulfur powder, oil, thermometer, Bunsen burner, iron ring,
iron stand, wire gauze, iron clamp, 250 mL beaker.
1-gram of sulfur was put into a dry test tube. Then the test tube was clamped into the
oil bath (the oil bath was composed of the Bunsen burner set up and a 250 mL beaker
filled with oil). The thermometer was put on a bored cork and then on the test tube.
The oil bath was heated and just like on the 1 st experiment, the temperature was
recorded every minute until such time that the sulfur on the test tube will be in liquid
state and then two minutes thereafter.
C. Density of a liquid
Materials used: Florence flask with a rubber stopper, distilled water, isopropyl
alcohol.
First, the Florence flask must be cleaned thoroughly and no droplets of water must be
visible from cleaning it (to be sure, acetone was poured on the Florence flask). Then,
the Florence flask with its rubber stopper was weighed on a balance. The mass was
recorded. After, the flask was filled with water up to the brim. It was made sure that
there was no excess water outside the flask. It was again weighed and the mass was
recorded. Then, the flask was emptied and cleaned again and was filled with
isopropyl alcohol. It was weighed and was recorded, as well.
D. Density of a solid
Materials used: Florence flask (from the latter experiment), lead metal.
Small chunks of lead metal half-filled the Florence flask. The flask was then weighed
and the mass was recorded. Afterwards, the flask was filled with water (still, the lead
metals were on the flask but the rubber stopper was already replaced by the metals). It
was again weighed and the mass also recorded.

III.

DATA AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Boiling Point
90
80
70
60
50
Temperature (C) 40
30
20
10
0
0

Time (minutes)

Figure 1. Plot of the boiling point curve of isopropyl alcohol for the first distillation
90
80
70
60
50
Temperature (C) 40
30
20
10
0
0

Time (minutes)

Figure 2. Plot of the boiling point curve of isopropyl alcohol for the second
distillation
An isopropyl alcohol was heated and its temperature was recorded. The initial
temperature for the first distillation process was 30 C. Every after one minute, the
temperature increased from 30C to 40C to 70C. After two minutes and thirty

seconds, the isopropyl alcohol boiled. The recorded temperature during that time was
80C. Two minutes after boiling, a temperature of 80.1C was recorded.
For the second distillation process, it was recorded that the initial temperature was
29C. For every after one minute, its temperature increased from 29C to 50C to
79C. When it reached a temperature of 80C, it was observed that the alcohol boiled.
After two minutes, its temperature was 80.1C.
Comparing the two graphs, it can be observed that the graphs had some
similarities. Figure 1 and Figure 2 had similar increasing trend. Also, both of which
had its boiling point at 80C. Isopropyl alcohols expected boiling point was 82.5.
Calculating for its percent error, the percent error of the boiling point was -3.0303%.
B. Melting Point
180
160
140
120
100
Temperature (C)

80
60
40
20
0
0

10

Time (minutes)

Figure 3. Plot of the melting point curve of sulfur

Figure 3 showed the graph of the melting point of a Sulfur powder. The initial
temperature was recorded. Every after one minute, the temperature was also observed
and noted. The initial temperature was 30C. After one minute, it increased into
32.5C. From 32.5C, the temperature changed to 38C to 48C to 60C to 82C to
85C to 100. Seven minutes after the start of heating, the sulfur melted. The
recorded temperature during that period was 104C. In the experiment, the melting
point of the sulfur was 104C. Sulfurs expected melting point was 115.2C. The
percent error for the experiment was -9.722%.
C. Density of a Liquid
Table 1. Weight of Florence flask with liquid substances

Empty Florence flask

Florence flask with distilled water
Florence flask with isopropyl alcohol

37.3604 grams
94.9430 grams
84.5521 grams

An empty Florence flask was weighed using a top loading balance. The recorded
weight was 37.3604 grams. After weighing, the empty Florence flask was filled with
distilled water and then weighed again. The weight of the Florence flask with distilled
water was 94.9430 grams. The distilled water was then changed to isopropyl alcohol.
The recorded weight of the Florence flask with isopropyl alcohol was 84.5521 grams.
Given the density of water, the room temperature, and the mass of water in the
flask, the volume of the flask can be calculated. The calculated volume was 57.58
mL. Using the calculated volume of the Florence flask and the mass of the isopropyl
alcohol, the density of the alcohol was also then computed. The computed density
was 0.819 g/mL. The percent error for the experiment was 4.20%.
D. Density of a Solid
Table 2. Weight of Florence flask with solid and liquid substances
Florence flask with lead metal
Florence flask with lead metal and water

73.5358 grams
127.8060 grams

After the isopropyl alcohol, the Florence flask was then added with small chunks
of lead metal. The noted weight of the Florence flask with lead metal was 73.5358
grams. After it was weighed, water was then added into the flask. Florence flask with
lead metal and water weighed 127.8060 grams. The computed density of the lead was
1.10 g/mL. The expected density of a lead was 11340 kg/m 3. The percent error of this
experiment was -90.3%.
IV.

CONCLUSION
In heating the isopropyl alcohol to the time it boiled, it could be seen that the
temperature as it reached its boiling point has an average of 80C. The melting point
of the sulfur powder is 104C, since that was the temperature when the powder turned
to liquid. The density of the lead is 11340 kg/m 3 and 1 g/cm3for the water from
getting their mass/volume.
Boiling point, melting point and density are physical properties since the matter
being tested remains the same before and after the process. Getting the density of a
substance could be obtained by having the value of its mass/ its volume. All of the

properties can be used to identify a sample of matter since different matters have
different and specific boiling points, melting points and densities.
V.

REFERENCES
[1] "Density." Microsoft Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft
Corporation, 2008.
[2] "Boiling Point." Microsoft Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft
Corporation, 2008.
[3] Encarta Dictionary
[4] Google.com
[5] http://mathisfun.com/numbers/-percentage-error.html

Computations:
A.
Isopropyl Alcohol
% error =

% error =

% error =

actual
* 100
expected
expected
80C
* 100
82.5C
82.5C
-3.03%

B.
Sulfur
% error =

% error =

actual
expected
expected
104C
115.2C
115.2C

* 100

* 100

% error = -9.72%
C. Density of Liquid
1. Volume of flask: ?
*Density of water = 1 g/mL
*Mass of water = (Florence flask w/ water) (Empty Florence flask)
= (94.9430g) (37.3604g)
= 57. 5826 g

Volume = Mass / Density

= (57. 5826g) / (1g/mL)
= 57.5826 mL

2. Density of isopropyl alcohol : ?

*Volume of Florence flask = 57.5826 mL
*Mass of isopropyl alcohol = (Florence flask w/ isopropyl alcohol) (Empty
Florence flask)
= (84.5521g) (37.3604g)
= 47.1917 g
Density = Mass / Volume
= (47.1917 g ) / (57.5826 mL)
= .819 mL
% error =

actual
expected
expected
.819g/mL .
786g/mL
.786g/mL

% error =

* 100

* 100

% error = 4.2%
D. Density of Solid
*Mass of Pb and water =

(Florence flask w/ Pb & water) - (Empty Florence flask)

= (127.8060g) (37.3604g)
= 90.4456g
*Mass of H2O =

(Florence flask w/ H2O) - (Empty Florence flask)

(94.9430g) (37.3604g)

57.5826 g

*Mass of Pb =

(Florence flask w/ Pb) - (Empty Florence flask)

(73.5358g) (37.3604g)

36.1754 g

*Volume of water = [(Mass of Pb and water) (Mass of H2O)] / (Density of H2O)

= [(90.4456g) (57.5826 g)] / (1 g/mL)
= 32.863 mL

Density of Pb = Mass / Volume

= (36.1754g) / (32.863mL)
= 1.10 g/ mL

% error =

actual
expected
expected

% error =

1.10g/mL 11.34g/mL
* 100
11.34g/mL

% error = -90.3%

* 100