Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
PROJECT (3X155=465MW)
HIMACHAL PRADESH
1.
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE OF WORKS
100m long and 10.50 m diameter tail race tunnel to carry the power
house releases back to the river;
HYDROLOGY
The catchment area of river Satluj at the proposed dam site is about 52403
sq. km. The water availability for the project has been considered on the basis
of 10-daily discharge series at Suni and Rampur. The long term series at
Luhri dam site has been developed on proportionate catchment area basis
from these two sites. The computed series has been utilized for Power
Potential Studies. The design flood has been assessed as 6579 cumecs.
4.
The computed inflow series for 31 years viz 1972 to 2003 has been
considered in the assessment of a power benefits from the project. As per
GOI notification for tariff the year 1997-98 corresponds to 90% dependable
year. An installation of 465 MW comprising 3-generation units of 155 MW has
been proposed. The energy availability from the project in a dependable and
an average year has been summarized below:
Particulars
Dependable year
2037.15
64%
208.64
24.15
The design energy for tariff at 95% availability in a 90% dependable year has
been worked out at 2037.15 GWh.
A pondage of 67.80 mcm has been provided in the diversion dam which
would enable the station to operate as peaking station.
5.
located in
6.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
The project is located in middle area of upper Satluj valley. Most of the land
falls under the category of forest land. Based on assessment of
environmental impacts, management plans have to be formulated for
Catchment
Area
Treatment,
compensatory
afforestation
and
other
The project is estimated to cost Rs. 1930.84 crores including IDC at January
2004 price levels. The preliminary cost estimate of the project has been
prepared as per guidelines of CEA/CWC. The break down of the cost
estimates is given below:
8.
Civil works
Transmission works
Rs.
Grand Total
10.86 Crores
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
for first year and levellised tariff works out Rs. 2.10 /kWh & Rs. 1.66 /kWh
respectively.
9.
CONCLUSIONS
Luhri hydroelectric project involves simple civil works and could be completed
in 6 years. The project would afford design energy of 2037.15 GWh in a 90%
dependable year. The cost per MW installed works out Rs. 3.92 crores. The
Preliminary Feasibility Report indicates that the scheme merits consideration
for taking up for Survey & Investigation and preparation of DPR.
Himachal Pradesh
District
Shimla
River
Satluj
Vicinity
Geographical co-ordinates
SOI Toposheets
HYDROLOGY
Catchment area at diversion site.
52403 Sq km
9548 MM
121131 MM
DIVERSION DAM
Type
Concrete Gravity
El 770.00 m.
El 773.00 m.
MDDL
El 728.00 m
El. 709.80m.
SEDIMENTATION CHAMBERS
No. of sedimentation chambers
Width
16m.
Depth
35.5m.
Length
705 m.
+0.25 mm.
Design discharge
586.00 cumecs.
0.3 m/s
Diameter
11 m finished.
Length
15500 m.
Design discharge
586 cumecs.
SURGE SHAFT
No.
One
Type
Restricted Orifice
( Underground )
Diameter
52.00 m
II
5.54 m
PRESSURE SHAFTS
No.
Type
Diameter
6.35 m ( Finished )
Length
220.00 m each
Steel Liner
Type
ASTM 537
Thickness
Varies from 15 to 35 mm
Underground
Installed capacity
Gross head
128.00m
88.00 m
III
Design discharge
195.33 cumecs
Length
150 m
POWER GENERATION
Installed capacity
465 MW
Annual generation
-90% dependable year
-50% dependable year
1825.13 GWH
2060.50 GWH
COST ESTIMATE
( Rs in crores)
Civil Works
1235.70
E-M Works
461.73
Transmission
10.86
Rs.1708.29 Crores
IV
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Cost per MW of installed capacity
CHAPTER-I
SUMMARY
1.1
1.1.1
GENERAL
Luhri Hydroelectric Project located in Shimla district of Himachal
Pradesh, is a run-of- the river type development proposed to harness
the hydel potential of river Satluj between Luhri and Chaba villages.
The project envisages construction of a 60m high (above river bed)
concrete gravity dam on the river Satluj near village Nathan for
diversion of a design discharge of 586 cumecs, through four intakes
and underground desilting arrangement into a 15.50 km long, 11.00m
finished diameter head race tunnel on the right bank of Satluj river. The
tunnel terminates in a 52 m diameter open to sky surge tank. The
water from surge tank shall be further conveyed through three no's,
each 6.35 m diameter, 220 long steel penstock to three generating
units in an underground power house at Chaba. A gross head of 128 m
is available at the power station, which shall be utilized to generate 465
MW (3x155MW) of power.
1.2
1.2.1
I.1
Diversion dam
It is proposed to construct a straight gravity type concrete dam, 60 high
(above river bed) near Nathan Village to divert 586 cumecs of
discharge.
The full reservoir level and the minimum draw-down level will be at El
770 m and 728 m respectively. The diurnal pondage afforded by the
dam would be 12.45 MM3 . The water spread of the reservoir does not
involve any rehabilitation problem, as the area submerged is barren
land without any habitation.
1.2.3
Intake Structure
The intake structure comprising five intakes, proposed on the right
bank of river shall be designed to handle a discharge of 733 cumecs.
1.2.4
Desilting arrangement
An underground desilting arrangement has been proposed on the right
bank of river to exclude silt particles down to 0.25 mm size from the
water before it enters the head race tunnel. The arrangement
comprises five parallel compartments each consisting of
chambers
I.2
1.2.6
1.2.7
I.3
Power house
An underground power house of internal dimensions 123 m x 21 m and
51 m high would be located about 130m below the natural surface
level. The power house will have an arched roof with concrete lining
and shall house three generating units, each of 165 MW capacity. The
transformer and underground switch yard (78 m x 16 m x 25 m) are
located downstream of the power house cavern. Shotcrete and rock
bolting at suitable spacing will be provided in these caverns.
Two utility tunnels taking off from the tail race tunnel shall be provided
to approach the bottom portion of the power house and shall facilitates
the excavation of the machine hall, transformer gallery and tail race
surge chamber. To approach the top of the machine hall as also the
top of transformer gallery and tail race surge chamber, an adit is
proposed to be constructed with its portal at EL. 668 m. This adit
shall be used for construction of arch portion and other works from the
top.
1.2.9
1.3
STUDIES UNDERTAKEN
1.3.1
Various alternatives
Four potential diversion sites have been identified, namely Luhri-I,
Luhri-II and Dam site-III & IV. Generally good conditions exist for dam
construction at Nathan dam site, which may be considered as a good
site for a concrete gravity dam. The rock mass is composed of strong
I.4
Hydrological Studies
(a)
(b)
(c)
Flood studies
i)
ii)
1.3.3
1.4
I.6
Electrical
Works
1235.70
Crore
461.73
Crore
Transmiss
ion
10.86
Total
1708.29
Crore
Crore
The cost per MW of installed capacity works out to Rs. 3.49 Crore (at
January 2004 price level). Thus, the cost per MW for this project is
quite low, making the project very attractive.
1.5
RECOMMENDATION
Detailed survey's as per CWC guidelines are to be done before
detailed project report to firm up the various components.
I.7
I.8
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER II
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.1
LUHRI HEP
on its course. East of Mansarover and feeding its principal source are the
glaciers of the Ganglug Gaungni, the southern glaciers of the Gauglung
Gangni, glaciers of Kailash flow into the Satluj through the lake of Rakas
Tal, The Northern glaciers of peak Kamer also contribute to the streams.
The glaciers of peak Riwa phargul that stands in the Satluj catchment
also flow into it. There are many Himalayan glaciers draining
into its tributaries. The Baspa and many more from the direction of the
Bara-Lacha pass from the watersheds of the Chenab and Beas.
The fall of Satluj from its source to the plains of India is very uniform. The
height of the bed is about 4570m near Rakas-Tal, 2530m near Shipkilla,
915m at Rampur, 416 m at Bilaspur and 350m at the Bhakra Dam site.
The total catchment area of the Satluj above the Bhakra dam site is about
56875 Sq.km (21960 Sq.miles) and above the Nathpa diversion site is
about 49820 Sq.km (19235 Sq.miles) from Bhakra to Nathpa, 148 Km on
a straight line and 193Km by river, the drainage area is comparatively
narrow with an average width of about 35km. This part of catchment has
an area 7055 Sq.km and above Nathpa the catchment is considerably
wider than below it. The river Satluj drains an area of about 50880 Sq.km
(196745 Sq.miles) at Rampur discharge site.
A gross fall of 2180m is available in the river bed from Shipkilla to Bhakra
in an length of about 320 Km and about 990m from Shipkilla to the
Shongtong Barrage site. The valley is narrow in the portion from Shipkilla
to Pooh and from Thopan to Rampur. In the portion between Pooh to
Thopan and Rampur to Bhakra the valley is comparatively wider. It is
widest in the portion immediately upstream of Bhakra. The bed slope of
river is flat from Shipkilla to Jangi dam site for a distance of about 43 km,
which is of the order of 1 in 175. It becomes steep between Jangi Dam
site and Rampur, the slope being 1 in 87 and is again flatter from
Rampur to Kol Dam site with a slope of 1 in 300. It is the flattest in the
LUHRI HEP
Bhakra reservoir area, the portion down stream of the Kol Dam, where
the bed slope is 1 in 500.
2.2
POWER SCENARIO
2.2.1
Sources of energy
India is endowed with a vast hydropower potential. As per the latest
assessment carried out by the CEA, exploitable hydro potential in India
has been estimated at about 84000 MW at 60% load factor, which can
yield an annual power generation of over 440 TWh of electricity and with
additional seasonal energy, the total energy potential is about 600 TWh a
year. Only
14.5% of this potential is under operation and 7.2% of the potential is
under execution. Thus the bulk of the potential amounting to 77.9% is yet
to be developed.
About 73% of India's total installed capacity is thermal-based (Table 3.2).
However expansion of this energy source is encountering difficulties
because of the burden it places on the infrastructure for supply (mines)
and transportation (railways) of coal. Considering that the capacity of
Indian Railways to carry coal effectively is limited and additional tracks
are required, and the coal is of low quality and costly to transport over
long distances, it appears logical to develop thermal projects in specific
areas, e.g. coal-based projects in Bihar, Orissa, Eastern Uttar Pradesh
and surrounding areas, and gas-based power near the port belts of
Gujarat and Maharashtra, and place total emphasis on hydropower in
States such as Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar
Pradesh and far-East India - the Himalayan belt.
LUHRI HEP
Table 2.2
Share of Hydropower in India's Installed Capacity
Year
Total
installed
Capacity
(MW)
Hydropower
Capacity
(MW)
Share of
Hydropower
(%)
1962-63
5801
2936
50.6
1969-70
14102
6135
43.5
1979-80
28448
11384
40.0
1989-90
63636
18308
28.8
1991-92
69070
19189
27.8
1993-94
76718
20366
26.6
an
installed
capacity
of
20800
MW.
LUHRI HEP
800 MW
Rampur
400 MW
Karcham-Wangtoo
1000 MW
Shongtong-Karcham
400 MW
Thopan-Powari
480 MW
Jangi-Thopan
480 MW
Ghanvi-II
10 MW
LUHRI HEP
2.2.4
For the 8th Plan(1992-97), the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) had
LUHRI HEP
Table 2.3
POWER SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR HIMACHAL PRADESH
Item
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
Installed Capacity
274
274
296
301
301
Peak Availability
340
347
379
458
475
LUHRI HEP
Peak Load
325
366
415
477
541
Surplus/Deficit
15
4.6
- 19
- 5.2
- 36
- 8.7
- 19
- 4.0
- 66
- 12.3
Energy Availability
2013
2047
2147
2521
2711
Energy Requirement
1487
1688
1925
2224
2536
Surplus/Deficit
526
35.4
359
21.3
222
11.5
297
13.4
175
6.9
The future demand scenario for the period 1995-2010 as projected by the
CEA in the 15th Electric Survey Report with respect to Himachal Pradesh
is as depicted in Table 2.4.
Table 2.4
Energy and Peak Load Demand for Himachal Pradesh
Period 1995 to 2010
Period
Energy
Demand
(GWh)
Peak
Demand
(MW)
1995-96
2879
609
1996-97
3254
683
1997-98
3662
763
1998-99
4103
848
1999-2000
4576
939
2004-05
7378
1457
2009-10
10606
2020
LUHRI HEP
2.2.6
Table 2.5
Power Demand and Supply for the Northern Region in the Period
1990-95
Item
Installed Capacity
Unit
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
MW
19203
20581
22195
24274
26681
LUHRI HEP
Peak Availability
MW
11408
11291
12777
14008
15271
Peak Load
MW
14908
16259
17721
19240
20814
Surplus/Deficit
MW
%
- 3500
- 23.5
- 4338
- 26.7
- 4944
- 27.9
- 5232
- 27.2
- 5543
- 26.6
Energy Availability
GWh
80803
82755
88165
95959
106143
Energy Requirement
GWh
79338
86553
93396
102416
110841
Surplus/Deficit
GWh
%
1465
1.8
- 3798
- 4.4
- 6231
- 6.6
- 6457
- 6.3
- 4698
- 4.2
Table 2.6 lists the future energy and load requirements for the Northern
Region.
Table 2.6
Energy and Peak Load Demand for the Northern Region
Period 1995-2010
Period
Energy
Peak Load
(GWh)
(MW)
1995-96
119887
22466
1996-97
129587
24234
1997-98
139976
26124
1998-99
151086
28143
1999-2000
162954
30295
2005-06
248332
45634
2009-10
318715
58117
From Tables 2.5 and 2.6, it can be seen that the peak demand over a
period of 20 years is likely to double from 14908 MW in 1990-91 to as
much as 58117 MW in 2009-2010.
2.2.7
LUHRI HEP
These projects are all run-of-the-river, with the exception of BhakraNangal. Additional hydro projects, planned and operating have been
identified on tributaries of the Satluj, such as Sanjay Vidyut Pariyojana Bhaba (120 MW, operating), Nogli (3 MW, operating), Ghanvi (22.5,
operating), Baspa II (300 MW, Operating) and Baspa I (concept stage).
Some of the potential projects listed here may not be built in near future,
but it is reasonable to assume that the preliminary studies have indicated
these projects to be technically feasible, there will be a strong motivation
to build them as the demand for power grows and limited fuel resources
tend to exhaust.
Further developments, in addition to those listed here, may be seriously
considered at some time on both the Satluj and its tributaries. A program
to develop small hydro projects on streams flowing through villages is
also in place.
2.3
11
LUHRI HEP
scheme from the view of deriving benefits in the beginning of tenth fiveyear plan.
12
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER - III
PROJECT AREA
3.1
INTRODUCTION
The Government of India and the State of Himachal Pradesh have
identified the Satluj river as one of the main promising future sources of
hydroelectric power. Development of Satluj waters was started in a big
way first by Bhakra-Nangal Project. Government have now initiated
several hydroelectric projects along the reach of the Satluj and its
tributaries. The Luhri Hydroelectric Project is envisaged as a run-of-theriver development on the Satluj river, in the reach between Luhri and
Chaba villages in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh just downstream of
confluence of Behna khad with Satluj river nearLuhri.
3.2
3.3
CLIMATE
The study region is falls between climatic zones I and III of northern India.
Zone I, the Tropical Monsoon climate, extends from the Indian Ocean
III - 1
LUHRI HEP
GEOLOGY
The project area lies in Mehbar and Maldi gneisses comprised of kyanite
and psamatic gneisses with bands of schist and quartzite. These are
intruded by basic and acidic rocks. All the rocks are well foliated. The
general trend is N-S with moderate dips toward East. These are
transacted by a number of joints of which the foliation and strike joints are
the most predominant followed in frequency by steeply dipping transverse
joints. The rock formations within the project area going upstream from
the tailrace consist of the Wangtoo, Rampur and Jutogh gneisses and
granites. The Wangtoo rocks are overlaid by the Rampur followed by the
Jutogh, the three series having thrusted contacts.
Rocks are generally covered by glacial deposits, rock debris, alluvial
terraces and fans. The soils of the Satluj valley are relatively poor sandy
III - 2
LUHRI HEP
loam, and exposed bedrock, rocks and gravel abound. In the valley
bottom there is virtually no soil, but between elevations 1200 and 3500 m,
the soils support some forest cover and are cultivable to a certain extent.
3.5
SEISMICITY
The project area lies in an active seismic region, zone IV of the Seismic
Zoning Map of India. Available data on seismicity within a radius of 150
kms of the project shows that earthquakes having a magnitude greater
than 5 on the Richter scale occur at frequent intervals. Important seismic
events which have taken place in the past 150 years and caused
significant damage include the 1905 Kangra quake (magnitude 8+), the
1908 Kullu quake (magnitude 6.0), the 1945 and 1947 Chamba quakes
(magnitude 6.5 & 6.6), the 1975 Kinnaur quake (magnitude 6.8) and the
1991 Uttarkashi quake (magnitude 6.6).
3.6
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
The Shimla region has deep roots in Indian mythology, legends and
literature. The Shimla region was formerly a part of the princely state of
Kumarsain / Suni. The State of Himachal Pradesh came into existence in
1960 and Shimla became a district. Contact with the outside world
accelerated when National Highway 22 was built by the Border Roads
Organization, following the 1962 Sino-Indian war. One immediate
consequence of the road construction was that interior of Shimla became
integrated into the cash economy of Himachal Pradesh. The State has
continued to play a role in introducing techniques and policies that have
enhanced production despite the poor soils of the area.
III - 3
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER-IV
GEOLOGY
4.1
INTRODUCTION
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA), with a view to fill the gap
between supply and demand in the field of power have embarked on
an exercise to assess balance
and rank the schemes thus identified in various parts of the country in
different river basins. As a part of the exercise, 162 schemes with
probable installed capacity of 50,600 MW and located in various river
basins spread over 16 states have to be taken up for preparation of
Pre Feasibility Reports (PFRs) in the first phase. The schemes found
feasible are proposed to be taken up for further development in X and
XI Five Year Plans. The proposed Luhri Hydroelectric Project is one
such scheme identified in Satluj basin in shimla District of Himachal
Pradesh State. Luhri Hydroelectric Project is a run of the river scheme
that envisages the construction of a diversion dam/weir across the river
Satluj near village Luhri (31 21' 40" N: 77 26 25" 'E'; 53 E/7), about
13 km long conductor system and power house on the left bank of
Satluj, 1 Km upstream of village Pandoa (3117'10"N: 7719'10"E, 53
E/7). The proposed power house would have installed capacity of 425
MW.
4.2
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The area forms a part of the Lesser Himalaya and presents a
diversified relief with high rugged hills of carbonate rocks, deep valleys,
LUHRI HEP
lenticular
LUHRI HEP
Pamali Formation
Thin
bedded
limenstone,
dolomite,
Makri Formation
Tattapani Formation
Sorgharwari Formation
Pink
and
Formation
grey
limestone,
Khatpul
Massive dolomite.
Khaira Formation
Ropri Formation
-----------------------------------------Thrust--------------------------------------Khokan Formation
schists,
phyllites
and
schists,
garnetiferous schists.
Kullu
Group
Garh- Manjrot
and
LUHRI HEP
south to Kanda in the north. Between Thach and Naraini Ghati the
Kullu Group rocks at the contract, is represented by dark grey slate,
phyllite and schist followed by coarse grained steaky gneiss dark grey,
green chloride and Biotite-schist coarse grained streaky gneiss
predominates at the contract between Thathal and Kanda.
Except the lower most Formation Ropri, all the other Formations of
Shali Group are developed in the area. Khaira Formation consists of
pink and white quartzite and a small outcrop of this rock, about 50m
long 2.30m wide occurs in the southwest of Kariali. Pink and grey
quartzite of the Khaira Formation is conformably succeeded by grey
blue,
massive,
tough
and
compact
dolomite.
This
shows
LUHRI HEP
LUHRI HEP
Members
Lithology
Thicknes
in
meters
(approx.)
______________________________________________________________________
Upper
Sanjauli
Lower
1600
Chhaosa
Kunihar
Basantpur
1300
Thick bedded to platy greyish blue limeStone with interbedded shale (local facies)
450
LUHRI HEP
Out of the four formations of Shimla Group, the present area contains
only the rocks belonging to Basantpur Formation. The Basantpur
Formation overlies the various formations of the Shali Group and
includes grey, dark grey shales and slates. Highly carbonaceous shale
bearing pyrite, is generally developed near the contract with the Kullu
Group. The carbonaceous rocks are well exposed in places like north
of Garech, west of Thathal, west of Dakolu, South of LOI and North of
Rehri. The rocks, at place, contain thin lenticular bands of platy
limestone. A number of such lenticular bands of limestone have
developed over a wide area around Naldehra. Small outcrops of grey
platy limestone having a resemblance
Formation occur within the rocks of the Shali Group in the south of
Naklog Ghati, southeast of Senu (in Makri Formation) and west of LOI
(in Paruali Formation). The Contact between the Shali Group and the
Basantpur Formation is a tectonic one. The rocks have been traced
from Chaba to Baldiha and from Dalog Pass to Kanda.
Several sills and dykes of doleritic and dioritic composition cut across
the various Formations of the Shali Group along the weak planes.
Such intrusives of various shapes and sizes have been recorded in the
LUHRI HEP
Garh
- Manjrot
Formation
LUHRI HEP
Khamarada Formation
--------------------------------------------Thrust-----------------------------------------------------The Kullu Group constitutes the southern frontal crystalline thrust sheet
tectonically transgressing over the Lesser Himalayan Tectogen. One
characteristic features of the Kullu Thrust sheet is the development of
a highly sheared mylonite gneiss (Manjrot - Garh Gneiss) tectonically
intermixed with the carbonaceous phyllite and limestone along the sole
of the t hrust sheet particularly in the sector from Baragaon in SE to the
Rani in NW and also around the Larji-Rampur Window Zone. This
thrust represents a major and the most pronounced tectonic
discontinuity in the Himachal Pradesh and can bde equivalent to the
Main Central Thrust of the Himalaya (Srikantia, 1988).
Garh- Majrot Formation connsist of quartzose, banded and streak
gneisses, pale greyish green in colour, showing alternate beds of
schist and quartzite and even carbonaceous phyllite. The gneiss is
highly streak and strongly foliated and mylontised augens of feldspar.
Coarse grained of blue quartz stand out prominently. In Baragaon in
the Satluj Valley the Garh- Manjrot gneiss appears prominent along the
Kullu Thrust Sheet. In Himachal Pradesh the Garh - Manjrot Gneiss is
fairly persistent along the strike and occupied a definite tectonostratigraphy position.
Khokhan Formation comprise mainly of quartzite, quartz schist, quartz
chlorite and quartz biotite schist, slates, phyllites and garnetiferous
schists. Locally amphibolites appear associated with the
LUHRI HEP
LUHRI HEP
LUHRI HEP
GEOTECHNICAL APPRAISAL
The proposed Luhri Hydroelectric Project a run of river scheme
proposed in Satluj Basin in Shimla and Kullu districts of Himachal
Pradesh envisages construction of a diversion dam across the river
Satluj near Luhri, a water conductor system comprising 13 km long
head race tunnel to conduct water to proposed powerhouse of the
river Satluj near Pandoa village. The area exposes the rocks belonging
to different formations of Shali, Shimla and Kullu Groups of Proterozoic
age. The contacts between the rocks of different groups are either
faulted or thrusted.
At the site of proposed diversion the river Satluj flows towards NW
through a narrow valley. The area exposes quartzite, banded streaky
gneisses with interbands of schist and quartzite and carbonaceous
phyllite belonging to Garh Formation of Kullu Group. The gneiss is
highly streaky, strongly foliated and mylotinised. Augens of felspars
and coarse grains of the quartz can be observed. The foliation trends
vary from NE-SW to NW-SE. It is suggested that the final location and
type of diversion structure be decided after assessing the thickn ess of
overburden in the river bed and on the abutment and availability of site
for locating proper intake structure for headrace tunnel.
The proposed 13 km long headrace tunnel is aligned in NE-SW
direction on the left bank of the river Satluj. It is likely to encounter the
LUHRI HEP
sedimentary
sequence
including
quartzite,
LUHRI HEP
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER-V
HYDROLOGY
5.1
INTRODUCTON
Satluj river is one of the principal river of Himachal Pradesh and it divides
the District Kinnaur into two parts. In its passage through Distt. Kinnaur,
the Satluj river crosses three more or less parallel mountain ranges viz. the
Zaskar Mountain, the Great Himalayas and the Dhauladhar Ranges.
Between three mountain ranges lie the subsidiary valleys of varying
dimensions from the narrow glens and ravines of Tidong and Kirang
streams to the sizeable valleys of Spiti & Baspa river.
The significant
tributaries streams and rivers that flow into the Satluj river from south or
along its left bank are successively the Tidong, Hogis, Gyamthing, Baspa,
Duling, Sholding, Manglad etc. Likewise those entering from the north or its
right bank are the Spiti River, Ropa, Kirang, Kashang, Pangi, Choling,
Bhaba, Sorang, Kut and Ganwi Khud. In between there are many seasonal
streams that meet the Satluj river and its tributaries. At Khab it receives the
Spiti river where the bed of the stream is still about 2590 meter above the
mean sea level.
Satluj river rises from Rakas Tal fed by Mansarover lake in Nari Khorsam
province of Tibet and after flowing in West direction for a distance of about
300 Km., it enters India near Shipkilla in District Kinnaur. The Satluj
descends from about 2590 meter at Khab to 936 meters at Rampur
Town, in Distt. Shimla, the main supply station to Distt. Kinnaur. The Satluj
flows in this whole reach between narrow cliffs and therefore there is no
open ground worth describing all along its banks, thus excluding the
possibility of making any storage Dam. The water of the river is more or
less discoloured. Cultivated fields in terraces are generally at considerable
heights from its bank and are thus immune from the turbidity of the
water, which is largest in summer months. Within the limits of the District
V-- 1
LUHRI HEP
Kinnaur the river is not navigable owing to the rapidity of flow and presence
of boulders. After it leaves the boundary of the District Kinnaur near village
Chaura it enters Shimla District.
5.2
CATCHMENT CHARACTERSTICS
The geographical limits of the Satluj basin upto Bhakra Dam lie between
latitude 3015' N to 3125' and longitude 7715' to 7730' It covers its area
in Nari Khorsam province of Tibet (China) and in Himachal Pradesh State
of India. The catchment area at upstream of Rampur is about 50880 Sq.,
Km out of which about 36900 Sq.Km falls in Tibet and 13980 Sq. Km in
India. Catchment area upto Luhri dam site is 52403 Sq.Km.
The basin represents some remarkable physical features. Below it
stretches the loftiest mountain ranges of world radiating from the Pamir
knof. The most southerly of these is the Himalayan Range, which is loftiest
and longest range in the world.
The Himalayas that run first South-East-wards from the Pamir knof and
later in an easterly direction constitute a massive mountain wall extending
over 2500 Km with varying width of 250 to 300 Km.
Topographical and climatically the catchment have been divided into four
categories as below: i)
Tibetan Plateau
River Satluj rises in Tibetan plateau in the region of the Mansarover Lake
situated at an elevation of 4510 Km above mean sea level. The river
passes through the Tibetan province of Nari Khorsam. The best-known
portion of Nari khorsam and the plateau situated between Zaksar and
V-- 2
LUHRI HEP
Ladakh ranges. This plateau has been formed by the successive deposits
of boulders, gravel, clay and mud in the trough between two ranges. The
deposits lie in parallel and nearly horizontal beds. River Satluj has been
able to cut a channel about 915m deep through the plateau with the water
received from glaciers. The vertical banks stand un-eroded, as there is no
local rainfall.
tributaries. The beds of which lie about 305m or more below surface of the
plain and their over changing cliffs similar to those of Satluj have been
spared from destruction by rain.
LUHRI HEP
When snow falls, water enters into the rock crevices where its freezing
during winter cracks and crushes the rocks. The subsequent loads of snow
accelerate this phenomenon.
debris slide with the water into the river. This cycle repeats year after year.
IV ) Wangtu to Suni
The annual rainfall of the catchment is about 1000mm.The area is forested
with scattered to dense patches of trees. There is agricultural development
in several locations mainly along the river and on flatter slopes.
V) Suni to Kol Dam and up to Bhakra Dam
This area is in the lower elevations of the Shivaliks range with rise to about
elevation 2100 m. The average slope of the river between Rampur to
Bhakra is about 1 in 300 .The rainfall is heavy and silt loads are high.
Forest cover is sparse and vegetation has been denuded by over- grazing.
5.3
LUHRI HEP
dam is situated, is the last of the series. Between Suni and Dehar, the river
takes a somewhat north-westerly direction. After Dehar, the river turns in a
south- westerly direction to reach the foot of Naina Devi range. The Naina
Devi range deflects the river again in a north-westerly direction when it
flows parallel to the range for about 32km before cutting through it at
Bhakra gorge.
The principal tributaries of the Satluj below Shipkilla are the Spiti, Kashang,
Baspa, Bhaba, Nogli, Kurpan, Nauti, Sholding, Sorang, Bharari, Ali and
Ghambar khad.
Numerous glaciers large and small drain into the Satluj at various points on
its course. East of Mansarover and feeding its principal source are the
glaciers of the Ganglug Gaungni, the southern glaciers of the Gauglung
Gangni, glaciers of Kailash flow into the Satluj through the lake of Rakas
Tal, The Northern glaciers of peak Kamer also contribute to the streams.
The glaciers of peak Riwa phargul which stands in the Satluj catchment
also flow into it.
tributaries. The Baspa and many more from the direction of the Bara-Lacha
pass from the watersheds of the Chenab and Beas.
The fall of Satluj from its source to the plains of India is very uniform. The
height of the bed is about 4570m near Rakas-Tal, 2530m near Shipkilla,
915m at Rampur, 416 m at Bilaspur and 350m at the Bhakra Dam site.
The total catchment area of the Satluj above the Bhakra dam site is about
56875 Sq.km (21960 Sq.miles) and above the Luhri diversion site is about
52403 Sq.km (19235 Sq.miles). The river Satluj drains an area of about
50880 Sq.km (196745 Sq.miles) at Rampur discharge site.
A gross fall of 2180m is available in the river bed from Shipkilla to Bhakra in
V-- 5
LUHRI HEP
Shipkilla to Pooh and from Thopan to Rampur. In the portion between Pooh
to Thopan and Rampur to Bhakra the valley is comparatively wider. It is
widest in the portion immediately upstream of Bhakra.
The bed slope of river is flat from Shipkilla to Jangi dam site for a distance
of about 43 km, which is of the order of 1 in 175.
It becomes steep
between Jangi Dam site and Rampur, the slope being 1 in 87 and is again
flatter from Rampur to Kol Dam site with a slope of 1 in 300. It is the flattest
in the Bhakra reservoir area, the portion down stream of the Kol Dam,
where the bed slope is 1 in 500.
5.4
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS
5.4.1
General
The climatic conditions of the Satluj River basin are strongly influenced by
orthographic effects. Elevation 1525 m is the approximate boundary
between areas receiving the majority of precipitation in the form of rain and
those receiving mostly snow.
The catchment in Tibet receives practically no rainfall and precipitation is
mostly in the form of snow. No meteorological data for this catchment is
available for the present study. No precipitation observation is available for
Spiti Valley for this study. Observations at six precipitation station i.e.
Purbani, Kalpa, Sangla, Nichar and Rampur are being carried out in the
catchment in Distt. Kinnaur.
These observations, rainfall since long and snowfall introduced only
recently, are being conducted in a conventional manner. There is no selfrecording rain gauge/snow gauge station in the catchment up to Shongtong
V-- 6
LUHRI HEP
Barrage. There are in all twenty rain gauge stations in the catchment up
to Bhakra Dam site at which long term records are available.
5.4.2
Precipitation
The project catchment receives precipitation due to the South-West
monsoon as well as due to the western disturbances that pass over the
north-west part of the country during winter. On the basis of information
gathered from the different sources, it may be said that South-West
monsoon generally lasts from June to September but may occasionally
extend up to early October. Precipitation during this period which falls as
rain is generally not heavy but at times may contribute significantly towards
flood runoff. The winter precipitation falls either as rain or snow depending
upon altitude and other meteorological conditions and may be very heavy
on occasions but may not contribute directly to river discharge significantly
and mostly goes to feed the snow glacier bound areas of the catchment.
The number and distribution of rain/snow gauges is too small and
scattered to give any quantitative information regarding rain or snow that
occur over different parts of the year over the catchment.
5.4.3
Record of Precipitation
There are at present twenty rain gauge stations in the catchment of Satluj
River upstream of Bhakra, at which long term records are available. The
relevant details of these stations are given in the following table.
V-- 7
LUHRI HEP
TABLE
DETAILS OF RAINGAUGE STATIONS
Sr.No. Name of Station
Year of
Commencement
Altitude
Average Rainfall
(m)
(mm)
Bilaspur (Sadar)
1954
580.25
1103.80
Bilaspur (Obs)
1957
587.03
1226
Ghumarwin
1958
637
1215.40
Arki
1951
1219.20
1228.00
Suni
1956
510.24
978.00
Shimla
1956
2065
320.40
Karsog
1951
1890.00
977.80
Theog
1958
2286.00
1039.80
Shillaru
1952
2590.00
1280.00
10
Kotgarh
1955
1828.80
963.10
11
Kumarsain
1951
1388.36
813.10
12
Khadrala
1951
2956.56
1974.00
13
Rampur
1951
1066.60
923.70
14
Fancha
1951
2070.66
2290.50
15
Nichar
1951
2194.56
997.30
16
Kilba
1951
1706.88
822.60
17
Baspa
1974
2550.00
760.00
18
Sangla
1951
1986.20
820.00
V-- 8
LUHRI HEP
19
Kalpa
1951
2770.63
672.80
20
Purbani
1951
2194.56
579.60
Mar.-May
Total
(2months)
(3months)
(3months)
12months
670
52
190
149
1061
470
60
220
220
970
Bhakra
to Rampur
Rampur to
Shipkilla
Storm Rainfall
On the basis of observed data, the monthly and annual rainfall normals at
above said station is brought out in Annex-5.1 and to have an idea of the
magnitude of rainfall that may contribute toward the formation of maximum
V-- 9
LUHRI HEP
discharges, maximum 1 day and 2 day rainfall recorded over the area
represented by the above stations have been computed in case of all
important storms as below by arithmetic average.
Station wise breakup in respect of storms during October, 1956 and
January 1956 and January 1959 is given as under:Station
Rainfall in inches
9.10.56 10.10.56
11.10.56
Average
12.10.56
____________________________________________________________
Kilba
0.00
1.91
2.46
0.75
Sangla
0.15
2.50
2.00
1.23
Purbani
0.09
1.58
2.23
0.54
Nichar
2.70
10.56
2.80
0.36
Chini
3.06
0.11
2.06
2.45
Station
1day
2 day
10.10.56
3.39
5.70
Rainfall in inches
26.1.59 27.1.59
28.1.59
29.1.59
Kilba
71.00
0.00
194.10
0.00
Sangla
50.08
0.00
304.80
254.00
Purbani
38.10
0.00
254.00
12.70
Nichar
0.50
61.00
1.50
0.00
Average
1day
2 day
28.1.59
27-28.1.59
Chini
2.05
3.80
0.00
223.00
157.00
164.00
_____________________________________________________________
Maximum
Date
--
1 day
Maximum
Amount (mm)
Date
2 day
Amount
Sept.27,1954
37
Sept.26-27,1954
69
Sept.23,1955
44
Sept.23-24,1955
88
Sept.24,1955
57
Oct.23-4,1955
Oct.10,1956
86
102
Oct.10-11,1956
V-- 10
(mm)
145
LUHRI HEP
5.4.5
Jan.28,1959
151
Jan.27-28,1959
164
Sept.22,1962
50
Sept.22-23,1962
68
Temperature
Measurement of maximum and minimum daily temperature are being made
by different agencies at following sites in the Satluj valley from the year
shown against each.
______________________________________________
Name of station
Year of
Commencement
______________________________________________
Bhakra
400
1946
Bilaspur
580
1956
Rampur
930
1967
Wangtu
1525
1971
Powari
1990
1971
Sumdo
3245
1973
Temperature observations have been recently started at Kalpa and Jeori
from 1984.
Some significant data is as under:
______________________________________________
Station
Maximum
Minimum
Period
Temperature
Temperature
Deg.C
Deg.C
_____________________________________________
Shimla
30
-7.2
1956-70
Bilaspur
45.4
-2.0
1956-70
Kalpa
27
-9.5
1984-85
Jeori
40
-3.0
1984-85
___________________________________________________
V-- 11
LUHRI HEP
5.4.6
Consistancy check:A check towards consistency of stream flow observations has been
conducted in respect of observations at Kasol, Suni and Rampur. Average
ten daily discharge data available for the concurrent period at these sites
has been analyzed. It is observed that linear co-relation exists between
Kasol vs Rampur, Suni vs Rampur. The corelation coefficient obtained for
these stations is as follows
Sr No
Description
Reg equation
Co relation coeff.
1.
Kasol vs Rampur
y = 1.1792x + 0.9228
0.9815
2.
Suni vs Rampur
y = 1.1048x o.o589
0.9911
5.5
WATER AVAILABILITY
5.5.1
LUHRI HEP
= 50880 Sq Km
= 53063 Sq Km
= 52403 Sq Km
The ten daily series so developed has been shown in Annex 5.5.
5.6
DESIGN FLOOD
5.6.1
General
The catchment area of Satluj at Luhri diversion site is 52403 sq. km.
including a snow bound catchment of 38760 sq. km as shown in fig .1. The
maximum flows occur during June-August resulting due to combined
contribution of rainfall and snowmelt. A significant portion (about ) of the
catchment lies in Tibet Territory of Republic of China. For this area no
record of rainfall/runoff is available with Indian Meteorological Department
(IMD).
For the present study , design flood has been calculated using frequency
analysis. However at the detailed project report stage the analysis shall be
done using hydro meteorological approach also.
5.6.2
LUHRI HEP
5.6.3
5.6.4
Monsoon Flood
i)
cumecs.
From the interpolation as:QLuhri = QRampur (CALuhri / CARampur)3/4
= 6435(52403/50880)3/4
Design flood for Luhri dam site works out to be 6578.93 cumecs.
ii)
LUHRI HEP
V-- 15
LUHRI HEP
5.7
SEDIMENTATION ASPECTS
5.7.1
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
5.7.1.1
LUHRI HEP
Normally water sampling is carried out on a daily basis (at 10.00 hrs.).
Water samples are collected as "bucket samples". Ordinary buckets are
used for sampling at three points along transects across the rivers. Out of
each bucket representative samples of three litres are drawn. The samples
are separately passed through a 100-mesh sieve to estimate the coarse
fraction (i.e. >0.20 mm).
The sieved samples are again stirred and allowed to stand for the time
required for the setting of the medium fraction, depending upon the
temperature of the water. The medium fraction is dried and weighed. A 35
ml sample of the remaining materials is also dried and weighed to represent
the line fraction (< 0.075 mm) and the dissolved salts. The weight of the
find fraction is determined by subtracting the weight of salts from the total.
The sediment transport is estimated by multiplying the discharge (assuming
that the Q-value recorded at the time of the sampling represents the daily
mean discharge) by the sediment concentration. The discharge estimates
are based on known cross sections and velocity measurements made by a
wooden float, floating for 30 metres along the river. The mean velocity is
obtained by multiplying the surface velocity by 0.89.
5.7.1.2
LUHRI HEP
applicable for the data provided on the Satluj River, such regressions were
made.
Utilising all available data from both flood and low discharge period no
significant correlation could be found between discharge and concentration,
which illustrates the complex sediment input pattern to the rivers. Snowmelt
and snowmelt related erosion processes (rapid mass wasting) in
combination with glacier run-off are the major sediment sources, but
obviously the local influence (i.e. process activities closer to the sampling
point) is of great importance. These processes vary in magnitude and
frequency between individual years and therefore the concentration figures
cannot fit into a standard sediment-rating curve.
The relations between concentration and discharge are somewhat better
during the "active" period of the annual hydrograph. Excluding the low
discharge period and calculating the correlation coefficient (r2) during the
April (with increasing discharge) to September period (decreasing
discharge) a better correlation could be found. The data illustrate the
difficulty to apply sediment rating curve approach to assess the sediment
transport in such a river, as well as the differences between the rivers
during individual years.
For the Spiti river (upstream of Khab) the following figures were found:
Year1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 19811982
R 0.66 0.35
0,52
0.81
0.69
0.55
0.62
0.49
0.39
0..54 0.33
Year1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 19921993
R2 0.33 0.49
0.65
0.24
0.72
V-- 18
0.70
0.65
0.57
0.59
0.66
LUHRI HEP
Using the same method the relations for Satluj (upstream of Khab) can be
illustrated by the following series.
Year1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 19811982
R2 0.40 0,29
0,54
0.10
0,63
0,69
0.34
0.48
0.52
0.21 0.69
Year1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 19921993
R2
0.77
0.52
0.68
0.67
0.60
0.57
The differences between the two rivers can also be illustrated by the
following figures (Fig 2,3 and 4);
LUHRI HEP
V-- 20
LUHRI HEP
processes
and,
to
glaciofluvial sediments.
V-- 21
some
extent,
by erosion of ancient
LUHRI HEP
The sediment yield figures are realistic. The annual variation is high and
can be explained by the modes of sediment contribution, continuous or
catastrophic (by rapid mass wasting). Long time series, like the ones
discussed in this report, are therefore very important to make an
appropriate assessment.
The grain size distribution of suspended sediments, estimated by Sharma
et.al, is given below;
____________________________________________________________________
River
Fine
Medium
Coarse
(Data from Sharma et <0.075 mm
0.075-0.20 mm >0.20 mm
al)
____________________________________________________________________
Satluj at Khab
Spiti at Khab
Satluj at Wangtu
Samples
Fig.4
64.1
66.4
59.9
22.3
21.2
23,2
13.6
12.4
16.9
the Satluj river 19972-1992. The vast majority of samples lie within the
lowest class of concentration.
V-- 22
LUHRI HEP
Gupta (1989) suggests slightly different figures as typical for the grain size
distribution in the Satluj rIver (Fine: 50%, Medium: 25% and Coarse: 25%)
For this assessment we have not been able to analyse the annual and
seasonal variation of the grain size distribution, but data from the Dhamwari
Sunda in the Pabbar River (Swed Power 1989), indicate both annual and
seasonal trends in grain size variation.
5.7.1.3
Bed-Load
No measurement has been made of the bed-load in the river. Bed-load can
either be estimated by sampling or by the application of equations. Both
methods have their drawbacks. To sample bed-load sophisticated
equipment is needed and appropriate sites have to be found for sampling
-The use of bed-load formulas, often based on flume experiments, and the
application of results to field conditions ion natural rovers is made on the
assumption that there exists an overall relationship between discharge and
sediment transport (including bed-load).
This assumption is not fulfilled in a river like the Upper Satluj, where the
bed material is heterogeneous as a result of heavy floods (breaking up the
"erosion pavement" of coarse bed material exposing a finer substratum) or
by the catastrophic input from rapid mass wasting process. Both factors
result in a rapid increase in bed-load transport, that is reduced when the
river bed has been adapted to the new situation. It is therefore also
pronounced difference between the rising limb and the falling limb of a flood
event.
Because of the circumstances mentioned above, it is often more practical to
rely or empirical data for an estimate of probable bed-load. Several such
empirical methods can be applied. Maddrock (1951) has developed a
V-- 23
LUHRI HEP
RECOMMENDATIONS
i)
ii)
V-- 24
LUHRI HEP
V-- 25
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER-VI
CONCEPUAL LAYOUT PLANNING
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
VI - 1
LUHRI HEP
Diversion dam
It is proposed to construct a straight gravity type concrete dam, 60
high(above river bed) near Nathan Village to divert 596 cumecs of
discharge. Out of this discharge, 119 cumecs is meant for flushing of
sediments through the desilting arrangement. With a view to found the
dam on sound rock, the foundations of the dam shall be taken to rock
bed level of the river. The length of the dam at top shall be 177.50 m
consisting of 125.73 m as non-overflow section and 50.19 m as over
flow section. The over flow section is designed to pass a maximum
flood of 6579 cumecs which correspondence to 10000 years
frequency.
The full reservoir level and the minimum draw-down level will be at El
770 m and 728 m respectively. The diurnal pondage afforded by the
dam would be 12.45 MM3. The water spread of the reservoir does not
involve any rehabilitation problem, as the area submerged is barren
land without any habitation.
Pond levels
For fixing the pond levels, area capacity curve at the proposed dam site
has been prepared( fig 6.1). The maximium pond level at the dam is fixed at El
770.00 m , based on the consideration of submergence of Luhri town and
minimum submergence of cultivable area along Satluj river.
VI - 2
LUHRI HEP
The discharge required for 465 MW installed capacity for given conditions of
head etc. is 586 cumecs. Based on the minimum river discharge of about 100
cumecs on 90 % availability basis, a live storage of 699.84 Ha m is required for
setting four hour peaking throughout the non-monsoon period . The available
live storage between the proposed FRL and MDDL is 1245 Ham .
Eight openings of 7.0 m x 7.0m have been proposed in the main body
of the dam to serve as river sluices to wash down the bigger river
sediments that my flow into the reservoir during floods.
Consolidation grouting is proposed over the entire foundation base
through 8.0m deep holes at 3.0m c/c spacing and staggered both
ways. Curtain grouting will be carried out on upstream side for creating
an impervious barrier by a single line of holes 25 m deep at 3 m c/c
making an angle of 10 with the vertical. For drainage of foundation
rock, 20 m deep holes at 3 m c/c spacing have been proposed down
stream of curtain grout holes.
Details of dam and appurtenant works are indicated in drg no
HPSEB/DP/LUHRI-02.
6.2.3
Intake Structure
The intake structure comprising five intakes, proposed on the right
bank of river shall be designed to handle a discharge of 733 cumecs. A
semi circular trash rack structure with reinforced concrete columns has
been proposed for each intake. The rectangular opening of 10.62 m x
15.03 m at the start of the intake is reduced to 7.00 m x 6.50 m through
a suitable bell mouth transition for vertical lift gates provided to control
the flow of water into the desilting chambers. A suitable transition is
VI - 3
LUHRI HEP
Desilting arrangement
An underground desilting arrangement has been proposed on the right
bank of river to exclude silt particles down to 0.25 mm size from the
water before it enters the head race tunnel. The arrangement
comprises five parallel chambers 705 m long, 35.50 m high (including
7.50 m hopper portion) and 16 m wide. Grouted rock bolts, 6 m long
and 3 m c/c (staggered) shall be provided kin the roof and sides of the
chambers. Each chamber shall have a 3 m wide collection trench in
the center and the hopper portion of the chamber slopes towards this
trench. While the base of the collection trench shall have a longitudinal
slope of 1 in 200 towards downstream, the top of chamber shall slope
1 in 600 towards upstream. The sediments from the collection trench
will flow down to the flushing tunnel below this trench, and ultimately
flushed out to the river through main flushing tunnel.
Control valves will be provided at the junction of these silt flushing
tunnels with the main flushing tunnel. Provision has also been made
for a 4 m D-shaped gate-cum-ventilation gallery for operation of stop
log gates to close any of the two desilting compartments for repairs.
Two adits, one at springing level of the arch portion of the chambers
and the other near the bottom of the main body of chamber, have been
proposed to facilitate speedy execution of desilting chambers.
The layout and other details of desilting arrangement are shown in
drawing. NO HPSEB/DP/LHP-03.
VI - 4
LUHRI HEP
6.2.5
6.2.6
Surge shaft
The main surge tank, located at the intake of the penstock at 15.50 km
from the 0 RD of head race tunnel, will be 52 m dia and 147.00 m high
with a restricted orifice. A 5.0 m D-shaped adit is proposed at El
670.00 m to approach the bottom of the surge tank to facilitate
constructions. The upper expansion gallery shall be approached for
construction through a 6.50 m D-shaped adit.
6.2.7
VI - 5
LUHRI HEP
Power house
An underground power house of internal dimensions 123 m x 21 m and
51 m high would be located about 130m below the natural surface
level. The power house will have an arched roof with concrete lining
and shall house three generating units, each of 155 MW capacity. The
transformer hall and underground switch yard (78 m x 16 m x 25 m)
are located downstream of the power house cavern. Rock bolting at
suitable spacing will bee provided in these caverns.
Two (overhead) cranes each of 198/25 T capacity with crane girders
supported on rock at either and will be provided in the main power
house cavity. The capacities of cranes proposed to be installed in the
valve house, transformer and switch yard and tail race surge chamber
caverns will be 125.25 and 10 T respectively.
The generator floor and the service bay floor would be at the same
level. Provision has also been made for auxiliary rooms and other
service facilities at one end of the power house.
Two utility tunnels taking off from the tailrace tunnel shall be provided
to approach the bottom portion of the power house and shall facilities
the excavation of the machine hall, transformer gallery and tail race
surge chamber. To approach the top of the machine hall as also the
VI - 6
LUHRI HEP
Tailrace tunnel
The tail race tunnel with 11 m diameter horseshoe section, 150 m long
will be provided to carry the discharge from three draft tube tunnels
emanating from the power house. The invert level of this tunnel at its
portal end has been kept at EL 628.00 m. As river water flow level is
much higher than this level, the portal of the tail race tunnel shall be
enclosed in a deep canyan cut by providing a rock ledge between the
river and tunnel portal. The excavated section will be supported with
steel ribs 2000mm spaced at 1 m c/c and 20 cm thick initial concrete,
as the excavation proceeds.
6.3
RECOMMENDATIONS
Project components are based on the conceptual layout only which
may be firmed up by detailed survey and detailed geological
investigations to be carried out as per CWC/CEA guidelines.
VI - 7
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER-VII
POWER AND ENERGY BENEFITS
7.1
GENERAL
Luhri Hydel Project has been conceived as run of river development for
generation of hydropower. The project consists of construction of a
diversion dam at Nathan village D/S of confluence of Behna Khad with
Satluj river near Nathan village in Shimla District of, Himachal Pradesh.
The water so diverted shall pass through a desilting chamber, head
race tunnel and under ground penstock to an underground power
house near village Chaba on the right bank of Satluj river to generate
465 MW of power. The power house shall have three units of 165 MW
each driven by Francis turbine.
7.2
POWER POTENTIAL
7.2.1
Water Availability
Ten daily discharges series at dam site for a period of 30 years from
1972-73 to 2001-02 has been given in Annex 5.5.The series has been
vetted
by
Hydrology(N)
directorate
of
CWC,
vide
letter
no
LUHRI HEP
7.4
VII - 2
LUHRI HEP
town do not gets submerged and minimum cultivable area along Satluj
river is submerged.
Dam Height
The river bed level at the proposed dam site is 709.84 m . The river at
this location has a straight reach with well defined banks. On both the
banks good quality rock is exposed, and on the river bed the bed rock
is expected to available at a depth of about 20 meters. The width of
river is sufficient to accommodate the necessary spillways to pass the
design flood.
Thus a dam of 60 m height ( from the river bed) as per details given
below is proposed for diversion of Satluj river water for power
generation:-
7.5
689.00 m
709.84 m
770.00 m
773.00 m
Dam height
80 m
LUHRI HEP
7.6
7.7
Design Head
Weighted gross head between maximum tail water level and minimum
intake water level is 114 m. The design head adopted for the turbines
has been taken as 88 mtrs. considering fluctuations.
The basic parameters are as below: Maximum water level at intake
= EL 770.00 m
= El 728.00 m
= El 756.00 m
= EL 642.00 m
Gross head
= 128.00 m
= 26.00m
= 88.00m
Design head
= 88.00m
The design head of 88.00 m is well within the range permitted for
Francis type turbine from cost and efficiency considerations.
7.8
LUHRI HEP
Incremental energy studies have been carried out for different installed
capacities from 300MW to 600MW at an interval of 20MW for 90%
dependable year and are shown in Annexe 7.6. A graph has been
plotted as installed capacity vs incremental energy. Also installed
capacity vs total energy generation has been plotted as shown in chart
7.7. Incremental energy benefit is significant up to 465MW, then
constant in range 465MW- 560MW and starts decreasing thereafter.
The project shall operate on an average load factor of 24.09 % in a
90 % dependable year Annex VII. The project shall operate on an
average load factor of 79.44 % in monsoon period in
a 90 %
dependable year Annex VII. The average load factor for lean period in
a 90 % dependable however works out as 19.81 % year Annex VII.
The 465 MW installed capacity is proposed for Luhri HEP on the basis
of operating load factors mentioned above and the pondage provided
for peaking during lean flow period. The water conductor system shall
be designed for discharge of 586 cumecs which is capable of
generating 465 MW under a net head of 88 m with overall efficiency of
92 percent.
7.10
UNIT SIZE
The unit size has been selected after due consideration of the following
factors:
a)
b)
c)
LUHRI HEP
d)
The Francis turbine should not be so large that they have to run at low
efficiencies for long period of time.
After due consideration of all these factors a unit size of 155MW in a
three unit configuration has been selected.
7.10
RECOMMENDATIONS
Installed capacity optimisation is based on the energy generation,
which shall be carried out on the project cost basis also, as the project
components are firmed up based on the detailed studies. The
development of scheme with respect to other upstream and
downstream development in the Satluj basin be also studied.
VII - 6
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER VIII
8.1
8.1.1
General
Luhri Hydel Project is up stream development of Kol Dam HEP and is
located in Shimla Distt. Of Himachal Pradesh. A net head of 107
meters has been utilized to generate 465 MW of power at Luhri Power
house.
The project shall utilize waters of Satluj river to generate 465 MW of
power.
The salient features of Luhri HEP are as under:-
Net Head
88 Meters
Installed capacity
465 MW
Underground.
T- Transmission---
Rs. 1085.10
Lacs.
8.1.2 SCOPE
This project report incorporates the detailed abstract of cost under the
heading P- production
transmission
(generating plant
Equipment)
and T-
analysis in the form of various Annexes have been attached to this report.
VIII - 1
LUHRI HEP
The cost estimates are based on the rates prevailing during the current
year i.e. 2002-2003.
8.1.3
Power House
The power house site is located on the right bank of Satluj river and is
approachable from Kalka (nearest broad gauge Railway station) . The
underground power house ( 78 m (L) x 20.7m(W) x 48 m(H)) will
have 3 generating units of 155 MW each along with all the auxiliary
facilities such as cooling water / potable water supply system, fire
protection system, compressed air supply , oil system, ventilation and
Air conditioning system etc.
The control room , LT room, Battery room, air conditioning Plant,
Offices, cable spreading area will be accommodated in different floors
adjacent to the machine hall and will increase the length of power
house cavity by
opposite end of the machine hall. Provision for the lubricating oil
handling plant, the water treatment and filtration plant and store etc.
has also been made. The generator transformers will be located in a
separate cavity and will be connected to generating units through 11
kV bus ducts. On a floor just above the transformers , 400 kV GIS
equipment shall be accommodated.
8.1.4
Mechanical Equipment
8.1.4.1
Turbines
The vertical shaft, Francis turbine of 158 MW capacity with a rated
synchronous speed of 187.50 rpm has been found to be suitable in
VIII - 2
LUHRI HEP
view of the over all economy of the power house. Each turbine shall be
provided with suitable oil pressure unit, Electro hydraulic governor and
other requisite control equipment.
8.1.4.2
Governor
Since Luhri power house will be connected with
Nalagarh / Hissar
isolation of the turbine in the event of governor failure. Each valve shall
VIII - 3
LUHRI HEP
be actuated by means of
8.1.4.5
VIII - 4
LUHRI HEP
8.1.4.6
8.1.3.7
Oil System
A portable dehydration unit comprising of oil heaters, Filters, tank etc.
would be provided in the power station for the treatment of governor/
Bearings and switch gear oils.
8.1.3.8
VIII - 5
LUHRI HEP
Electrical Equipment
8.1.4.1
Generator
Each generator shall be of vertical shaft, salient pole type,
Synchronous generator directly coupled to the hydro turbine and
having a rated out put of 172.22 MVA with 0.9 lag power factor. The
generator bearing arrangement
VIII - 6
LUHRI HEP
Excitation system
The excitation system of the generator will be of static type and will
include static type voltage regulator of latest design, field suppression
equipment and the associated accessories.
The power for the excitation system will be taken from the generator
main bus by means of a dry type or epoxy encased step down
transformer. The excitation system will be self contained requiring only
an external power source for field flashing at unit starting. The field
flashing supply will be taken from the station battery.
The excitation system including the voltage regulator will be placed in
the cubicles adjacent to the generator pit.
8.1.4.3
required for
protection, control and metering will be located and form part of the
bus ducts assemblies.
The generator switch gear will be of the metal enclosed type placed in
a separate room close to the generator. It will include the generator
phase equipment and connections shown in the attached single line
VIII - 7
LUHRI HEP
diagram. The equipment for the generator neutral side will be placed
in a cubicle adjacent to the generator pit.
8.1.4.4
Generator Transformers
10 Nos. Indoor generator transformers of 63 MVA , 11/ 400/3 kV ,
single phase , 50 Hz rating will be provided and placed in a separate
underground cavity (75 m(L) x 16 m(W) ). The transformer cavity shall
be located on the down stream side of the power house cavity. The
OFWF type of cooling is proposed for generator transformer.
8.1.4.5
8.1.4.6
VIII - 8
LUHRI HEP
shall also be provided for the black start capability. This will also feed
local area , Colony, head works etc. The unit auxiliaries shall be fed
through 11/0.415 kV, 1 MVA transformers connected to each
generator. The auxiliaries can also be fed from 2 Nos., 22/0.415 kV, 1
MVA station auxiliary transformers, which are connected to 22 kV bus
connected to 22 kV local supply.
8.1.4.7
8.1.4.5
Lighting
The power plant lighting , following normal practice, will comprise of
interior and exterior lights as appropriate. While the majority of the
luminaries will be AC powered, emergency lighting will be DC supplied
from station battery system. The emergency lighting will be provided
only for essential locations e.g. control room, exits etc.
8.1.4.6
VIII - 9
LUHRI HEP
300
MW).
Any
additionality
determined
after
the
Transmission of Power
It is proposed to evacuate the power generated at Luhri Project by
Looping in Looping out of 400 kV Jhakari-Hissar D/C line with
VIII - 10
LUHRI HEP
Establishment
The electrical works of the project are proposed to be completed with
in 5 years time. Accordingly, the provision of regular establishment
required for to do electrical works in this time frame has been made in
the estimate. The design procurement, inspection, erection and
commissioning of electrical works of the project shall be done
departmentally.
The provision of staff has been made as per the CEAs norms
intimated from time to time.
VIII - 11
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER-IX
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
9.1
9.2
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
9.2.1
Physical Resource
9.2.1.1
Hydrology
River Satluj is a major river of Western Himalaya, originating from lake
Mansarover in Tibet at an altitude of 4570 m. After traversing westward
a distance of 320 km in Tibet it enters India near Shipkilla in district
Kinnaur. The Satluj flows between narrow cliffs and enters Shimla
district near village Chaura.
IX-1
LUHRI HEP
9.2.1.2
Geology
The rocks in the area are
Soil
Soil texture of the area, in general, is clayey loam rich in organic matter
with varying depth. The soil is acidic on higher elevation because of
lower rate of decomposition of organic matter. Soil drainage is
generally satisfactory except in few isolated patches where it is poor.
9.2.2
Ecological Resource
9.2.2.1
Forests
The composition of the forest vegetation and its evolution is influenced
by the character of the rocks/soil underlying. The forests in the tract
are of poor quality and large portion is barren. In the lower areas, the
forests are of dry scrub type and gradually gives way to the temperate
Broad leafed and coniferous forests above. The crop is generally
irregular and mature trees are very few and scattered. Admixture of
other species occurs in lower as well as upper areas.
IX-2
LUHRI HEP
9.2.2.2
9.2.2.2.1 Flora
S.N.
Botanical Name
Common Name
Albizia lebbek
Siris
Bauhinia
Kachnar
Butea monosperma
Dhak
Cassia fistula
Amaltas
Dalbergia sissoo
Shisham
Ficus religiosa
Peepal
Grewia oppositifolia
Biul
Kydia calycina
Pula
Lannea coromandelica
Jhingan
10
Melia azadirachta
Drek
11
Pinus roxburghii
Chil
Botanical Name
Common Name
Adhatoda vasica
Basuti
Agave americana
Ram ban
Impatiens scabrida
Balsam
Berberis aristata
Kashmal
Carrisa spinarum
Karonda
Indigofera gerardiana
Kathi
Rosa macrophylla
Gulab
IX-3
LUHRI HEP
9,2.2.2.3 Fauna:
Important animals found in the area are
S.N.
Scientific Name
Common name
Lepus indicus
Sciurus palmarus
Common squirrel
Macac malatta
Monkey
Presbytis entellus
Common langoor
Canis aureus
Jackal
Hepestes edwardsil
Common mangoose
Mos homourus
Hill mouse
9.2.2.2.4 Birds
Important Bird species found in the area are as under:
S.N.
Scientific Name
Common/English name
Alectoris gracea
Chakor
Lopure leucomelana
Gallus ferrugiens
Pavo cristatus
Pea fowl
Columba rupestris
Hill pigeon
Columbia livia
Corvus splendens
House crow
Corvus macrophynchos
Jungli crow
IX-4
LUHRI HEP
9.3
9.3.1
9.3.1.1
Year
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Max
16.94
17.23
26.86
26.5
36.71
33.81
32.88
33.1
30.58
29.87
22.86
19.08
Min
3.67
4.53
11.3
4.86
19.92
24.72
22.25
23.35
18.96
15.01
8.81
6.01
Max
16.01
21.94
27.48
28.96
34.18
35.51
33.23
30.67
28.11
26.96
22.83
18.74
Min
5.33
6.15
12.54
14.94
19.46
21.88
22.5
22.38
9.38
13.76
8.33
6.0
Max
18.13
18.56
21.78
27.53
30.46
33.11
30.35
30.78
31.29
27.43
23.66
17.75
Min
4.44
6.38
9.47
13.62
15.8
20.57
21.53
21.82
19.61
13.11
9.12
5.67
Max
19.01
20.19
23
28.92
27.28
34.86
N.A
33.7
33.38
29.81
26.22
21.84
Min
4.97
7.31
9.94
13.97
14.51
20.29
N.A
22.84
20.08
14.26
9.01
5.8
Max
19.01
22.14
22.24
31.53
35.22
35,44
31.05
30.41
30.81
29.62
24.85
18.93
Min
5.87
7.87
9.03
15.58
18.67
21.29
22.36
21.17
18.55
12.41
8.11
6.85
Max
16.84
19.32
23.56
30.01
33.18
33.31
32.19
31.39
31.97
29.48
23.48
17.75
Min
3.58
6.2
8.99
12.47
17,38
20.16
22.59
20.98
18.96
13.85
8.53
5.5
Max
20
17.46
20.08
28.24
31.97
34.66
30.53
31.72
30.68
28.56
25.51
19.58
Min
6.21
6.52
7.52
12.38
18.13
21.33
N.A
21.72
19.81
12.84
8.81
5.75
IX-5
LUHRI HEP
1991
1992
1993
1994
Max
19.26
10.04
23.4
27.07
33.1
34.18
35.34
31.39
31.68
29.73
23.74
19.26
Min
2.47
6.42
9.28
11.87
16.73
20.62
23.67
22.02
20.48
13.9
8.42
5.44
Max
17.25
18.96
21.39
28.94
32.11
35.11
31.61
30.98
30.75
28.24
23.77
0.66
Min
5.66
5.42
9.87
14.18
16.05
20.31
21.45
21.98
19.59
13.65
9.68
5.39
Max
15.82
20.77
21.39
29.4
34.46
33.85
34.64
28.01
31.63
24.03
22.68
18.45
Min
4.64
7.36
8.13
13.01
17.77
22.88
22.5
17.31
14.62
7.49
8.11
5.5
Max
18.27
18.86
27.74
26.35
32.65
35.96
32.29
31.16
30.88
28.96
25.2
1896
Min
5.5
5.21
9.36
11.87
16.81
21.7
22.24
21.89
18.27
13.18
8.46
5.89
Maximum
Minimum
May 2003
40.2
17.1
June 2003
44.5
19.0
July 2003
38.6
22.7
August 2003
36.6
22.9
40.7
20.5
September
(up
to
23.9.03)
9.3.1.2
Rainfall data:
The annual rainfall data for 1984-1994 is as under:
Year
Rainfall-mm
1984
526.69
1985
734.1
1986
713.88
1987
613.02
IX-6
LUHRI HEP
9.3.2
1988
1054.02
1989
648.5
1990
95.5
1991
912.2
1992
890.1
1993
911.6
1994
953.1
9.3.3
pH
DO (mg/l)
BOD (mg/l)
TC (MPN)
June.2002
8.13
8.5
0.1
166
September.2002
8.12
9.3
0.1
580
December.2003
7.93
11.3
0.2
180
March.2003
8.3
9.8
0.2
738
Air, Water, Soil and Sound data will be collected at the time of
doing detailed EIA.
Since this is pre feasibility report, this has not been done at this stage.
IX-7
LUHRI HEP
9.4
9.4.1
Impact Identification
Environmental
impacts
both
direct
and
indirect
on
various
foundations,
tunneling,
deployment
of
machinery,
IX-8
LUHRI HEP
The labour for various activities during the construction phase shall be
engaged. Some essential services are also required to be provided to
them. This will have an impact on drinking water supply and sanitary
facilities.
Economy of the nearby area will be improved due to increased job
opportunities with corresponding increase in income. Other associated
business activities like transport, hotels, consumer goods etc., will also
be benefited.
The major environmental parameters likely to be effected during
construction phase are noise, dust pollution and sanitation. Water
spraying during high dust will minimise the dust level to some extent. A
proper temporary housing with water supply and sanitation for workers
should be planned.
Construction
Activity
Phase
Preparatory
works
traffic intensity.
and construction of
check dams.
IX-9
LUHRI HEP
Construction of
utility systems.
Construction of
Excavation
approach roads,
tunneling works
and construction
9.4.1.2
health hazards
of under ground
Dumping
Power Station
Transportation
Operation Phase
Activity
stream
variation
Down
variation
Accumulation
of
back
Silting
water
in
the
barrage
Dumping of solid waste
IX-10
Ecological hazard
area
behind
LUHRI HEP
9.4.2
Prediction of Impacts
The impact during the construction of Luhri HEP on environment (air,
water, noise, land etc. are predicted in this section. The construction
activity may cause some adverse impacts on the surrounding
environment unless proper environmental management plan is
adopted.
9.4.2.1
IX-11
LUHRI HEP
9.4.2.2
9.4.2.3
9.4.2.4
IX-12
LUHRI HEP
E. R & R ASPECTS
Since the Project is a run-of-the-river type and there is no storage,
therefore, there is no submergence. Hence, no dwellings, houses or
hamlets will be submerged.
resettlement is involved.
9.6
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
PLAN
(MITIGATION
MEASURES)
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims at the preservation of
ecological system by considering certain mitigating measures at the
proposed site. The mitigation measures are used to minimize or
prevent adverse impacts on environment due to the proposed
development activity . Some of the major criteria governing the
environmental measures will be adopted, and the same is described in
the following paragraphs.
IX-13
LUHRI HEP
9.6.1
Environmental Management
The EMP is required to ensure sustainable development in the study
area of 10 Km radius of the proposed Luhri HEP site. Government
regulating agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region
and more importantly the people living in the area need to extend their
co-operation and contribution in this direction.
It has been evaluated that the study area shall not be affected
adversely with the proposed activity and likely to get new economical
fillip due to hydel power generation, not only for the study area but also
for the region as a whole.
The majority of the environmental impact pertains to the construction
phase. It is planned to take corrective measures to ensure that these
effects are kept to bare minimum. The EMP will therefore, be initiated
during planning stage itself.
Catchment Area Treatment Plan, which will be prepared at a later
stage will form part of the Environmental Management Plan
9.6.1.1
IX-14
LUHRI HEP
IX-15
LUHRI HEP
sheds.
IX-16
LUHRI HEP
like gully plugging and check dams etc where ever required. The
planting area should be closed to grazing, lopping quarrying etc. For
proper protection, it is necessary that the area is fenced and the fence
is maintained properly. Plants need to be protected till they attain a
height, which is above grazing level.
Disposal of muck
By constructing a 15.5 km long tunnel of 10.5 m dia, the quantity of
muck to be generated is estimated to be 25 lac M3. Afer applying the
swelling factor, the volume to be disposed off will be about 35-40 lac
M3 . It is expected that 25-25 % of this will be used for making
aggregates. The rest will require to be disposed off in a planned
manner.
This is the most important aspect to be dealt with. It is proposed that at
different locations dumping sites will be identified at suitable places.
Retaining walls will be constructed. After the filling is done,
rehabilitation of this site will be done to ensure that neither it flows in to
the water stream nor it poses any other environmental threat.
Plantation, where ever, possible, will also be done on these sites so
that these get stabilised over a period of time
IX-17
LUHRI HEP
CHAPTER - X
INFRASTRUCTURE
10.1
GENERAL
The proposed Luhri Hydroelectric Project on Satluj River in Himachal
Pradesh is located about 80 km from Shimla. The nearest broad
gauge railway station for the proposed project is Kalka, which is about
170 km from the project site.
The requirement of minimum infrastructure facilities are:i) Access roads in the project area to the work sites, colonies,
quarries etc.
ii) Cross-drainage works, adits and a bridge across Satluj near the
Barrage site.
iii) Construction facilities such as stores, workshop, aggregate
processing plant etc.
iv) Residential
Buildings
for
the
project
staff
including
their
X-1
LUHRI HEP
high way on the right bank of the river Satluj, which will be
widened/improved suitably to cope up with the requirement of the
project. The headrace tunnel will be approached by constructing two
adits i.e. inlet adit and outlet adit. The surge shaft will also be
approachable through pressure shaft top access tunnels.
The following roads will be constructed or realigned/ widened.
i)
Approach
iii)
Bridge has to be
In addition to
butterfly
residential colony, offices and project area from the national high way.
Approach road for the centre of 7.5 m D-shaped B/V chamber have
also been proposed.
10.2
In
X-2
LUHRI HEP
10.3
10.4
BUILDINGS
The availability of facilities viz., schools and college education,
hospitals, market and recreation at Karcham, Bhabanagar and
Reckong Peo, shall enable the staff posted on the project in the
beginning to speed up the construction of project roads, buildings and
also enable to start the main civil works of the project in the 1st year
itself.
Suitable colony sites for construction of residential and non-residential
buildings have been planned at near village Morang and Akpa. The
main residential and non-residential colony will be at Jangi. The
building will be permanent and temporary depending upon the use to
which they are likely to be put during and after construction.
ii)
iii)
Drainage arrangements
iv)
Electrical Supply
X-3
This
LUHRI HEP
v)
10.5
TELE-COMMUNICATION
Telecommunication link for the power house of Jangi-Thopan project
will be provided by extending the existing telephone network of Post
and Telegraph Department through the nearest P&T exchange.
An internal automatic, telephone exchange
(EPABX)
with 350
lines
capacity for the project has been provided. All-important sites of work,
offices and residences of senior officers shall be connected by
telephone.
The powerhouse and permanent colony at Jangi, shall also be
provided with VHF link to keep contact
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
The equipment required for construction works is indicated under
heading construction programme and schedule.
The construction
X-4
LUHRI HEP
X-5
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
CHAPTER-XII
COST ESTIMATES
12.1
GENERAL
The estimates of cost have been prepared to arrive at the total capital
cost of the project. The estimates are based on the prices prevailing in
January 2004, for materials, equipments, labour, etc. Interest during
construction period and financing charges
separately.
The estimates of cost have been prepared in two parts - Part - I covers
the Civil works of the project, while Part - II covers Electrical works. The
cost of transmission has been worked out separately.
12.2
XII - 1
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
The rates for hydraulic gates, hoists, and cranes etc. are based on the
prevalent market rates for such works.
A provision of 5% of the cost has been made to cover contingencies and
work charged staff in the estimates of different components of civil works.
The contingencies have not been taken on items for which L.S. amount
has been provided.
12.2.1
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
also been made for compensation of houses and trees etc. coming in the
reservoir submergence.
The total provision under this sub-head is Rs. 4201 lac.
C Works
This covers the cost of river diversion works and diversion dam including
cost of hydraulic gates and hoists and upstream and downstream
protection works.
The total provision under this sub-head is as below:
i)
Rs.
- Coffer Dams
5591
Lac
505
Lac
Lac
ii)
Diversion dam
Total
Rs.
14834
Rs.
20930
Lac
Rs.
14433
Lac
ii)
Rs.
35152
Lac
iii)
Surge shaft
Rs.
5078
Lac
XII - 3
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
iv)
Rs.
2806
Lac
v)
Rs.
5165
Lac
vi)
Hydro-mechanical works
Rs.
10846
Lac
Rs.
94410
Lac
Total
K - Buildings
Provision has been made under this sub-head for permanent and
temporary residential buildings for various categories of staff, nonresidential buildings for offices, workshops, stores, rest houses and field
hostels and other service buildings such as hospital, school, police station
and utility services etc(excluding that of contractors). Provisions for land
development, lawns and gardens, fencing, internal water supply,
sanitation and electrical fittings have been made as per norms for various
type of buildings as per norms.
The total provision under this sub-head is Rs.4001 lac, which is 3.51% of
the I-Works (Civil and Electrical works). This is well within permissible
limit.
M - Plantation
A lump sum provision of Rs. 65 lac has been made under this sub-head
for plantation, maintenance and protection of trees for five years near the
Barrage and reservoir area, colony and camp sites etc and power house
site.
O - Miscellaneous
XII - 4
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
Under this sub-head provision has been made for the following items :
i) Capital cost of electrification, water supply, sewage disposal and
drainage.
ii) Fire fighting equipment, telephone, telegraph, wireless and other
communication facilities.
iii) Recreation facilities and beautification of project area.
iv) Maintenance services for electrification, water supply etc. and other
services including security arrangement and fire fighting arrangement.
v) Running of inspection vehicles, transport of staff, school buses and
ambulances.
vi) Other items such as visit of dignitaries, technical record of works,
power supply, compensation to workmen, writing of completion report
and history of project etc.
vii) Construction power arrangements for construction of civil works and
for camp sites and workshop etc. during the construction period.
The total provision under this sub-head is Rs. 3559 lac which is within
4% of the I-Works (Civil and Electrical works) as per guide lines.
P - Maintenance
The provision has been made under this sub-head for maintenance of
buildings and roads, and main civil works during the construction period.
The total provision is Rs. 938 lacs which is about 1% of I-Works less APreliminary, B-Land and Q-Special T & P.
Q - Special Tools and Plant
Provision has been made under this sub-head for general purposes and
inspection vehicles such as cars, jeeps, buses, ambulances etc. Provision
XII - 5
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
for major construction equipment for civil works has not been made under
this head, as the construction of civil works will be carried out through
contractors and construction equipment's are supposed to be procured by
them. This is as per recent guidelines of CWC in respect of private sector
power projects.
The total provision under this subhead is Rs. 471 Lac.
R - Communications
Provision has been made under this sub-head for construction of roads
and bridges including approach roads. Provision has also been made for
remodelling and strengthening of main highway and bridges to make
them suitable for transport of heavy equipment for power station. The
total provision under this subhead is Rs. 471 Lac.
X - Environment and Ecology
Provision under this sub-head has been made for compensatory
afforestation, measures for maintaining environment and ecological
balance of the area, public health measures, establishment of fuel depots
etc. Provision has also been made for treatment of catchment area for
prevention of soil erosion etc.
The total provision under this sub-head is Rs. 3258 lac.
Losses on Stock
Provision under this sub-head has been made at 0.25% of I-work less A preliminary, B - land and Q - special T & P.
Establishment
XII - 6
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
T-TRANSMISSION
It is proposed to evacuate the power generated at Luhri Project by
Looping in Looping out of 400 kV Jhakari-Hissar D/C line with
TRIPPLE SNOWBIRD conductor at Luhri. As per recommendations
made by PGCIL in their report on master plan for evacuation of power
from various projects located in Satluj basin, this line is proposed to
be LILOed at Rampur.
Provision for construction of a 10 km long transmission line has been
made. Provision for preliminary works, detailed survey, compensation for
land etc. has been made as given in annexure-12.3.
12.5
Sr No
Description
Amount
( Rs Crore)
1.
Civil Works
1235.70
2.
E-M Works
461.73
Transmission works
XII - 8
10.86
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
Total
1708.29
The abstract of costs of civil of works is given in Annex. 12.1, while details
of costs under various sub-heads of civil works are given in Annexures
12.1-12.12 of the report.
The abstract of cost for Electrical Works - (generating plant and
equipment) are given in Annexure 12.2
The abstract of cost for transmission works are as given in Annexure12.3.
XII - 9
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
CHAPTER-XIII
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
13.1
GENERAL
Luhri hydroelectric project has been contemplated as a run of river
type development on Satluj River in Shimla district of Himachal
Pradesh. The diversion dam of the project is located near village
Nathan and the powerhouse is located near village Chaba about 80 km
from Shimla. The Project envisages utilization of River Satluj water
through a gross head of 128 m for generation of 465 MW of Power.
This project is estimated to cost Rs. 1708.29 crores. Abstract of cost
estimate has been given as per Annexure-12.1 of the PFR. Phasing of
expenditure for capital required on this project is given as per
Annexure-13.1. For preparing financial forecast of this project, interest
during construction has been considered as per Annexure-13.2, and
cost escalation has not been taken into consideration. Depreciation on
Civil and Electrical works has been worked out as per Annexure-13.3
as CWC/CEA guidelines. Sale tariff of energy generated at power
house bus bars and at purchase centre have been worked out as
Rs.1.89 and Rs.1.93 per unit respectively during 90% dependable year
as per Annexure 13.4 and Annexure-13.5.
For economic evaluation of the project, financial parameters has been
taken
as
per
guidelines
issued
by
CEA
vide
letter
no
13.2.1
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S.No.
Description
Amount
(Rs. In Crores)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.
2.
P-Production
1235.70
461.73
(Electrical Works)
3.
Total Generation
1697.43
Transmission
10.86
1708.29
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13.2.2
Economic Justification
It is proposed to evacuate the power generated at Luhri Project
by Looping in Looping out of 400 kV Jhakari-Hissar D/C line with
TRIPPLE
SNOWBIRD
conductor
at
Luhri.
As
per
located in Satluj
XIII -2
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
Capital structure
Capital structure for financing the cost of project has been assumed as
70% debt from PFC and 30% equity from the Board.
13.2.4
Revenue Anticipation
Power tariff for supply of power at power house bus bars has been
assumed as Rs.2.75 per unit, Revenue assessed accordingly for 90%
dependable years is Rs.581.14 crore.
13.2.5
Repayment Period
Normally, the leading
13.3
COST PER MW
The estimated cost of the project at January, 2004 price level is
Rs.1708.29
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
13.5
13.7
RATE OF DEPRECIATION
As per the revised guide lines circulated by Govt. of India, Ministry of
Power, vide notification dated August 1995, the weighted rate of
depreciation has been worked out on the basis of straight line formula.
XIII -4
LUHRI HEP(465MW)
The rate of depreciation works out to 3.54% of the equity cost as per
Annexure-4.
13.8
CALCULATION OF TARIFF
Calculation of tariff for primary energy during 35 years of operation for
90% dependable year has been shown in Annexure 13.4&13.5. At
power house bus bar, it will be seen that sale rate of power shall be
Rs.2.41 per unit during Ist year of operation and Rs.1.61 per unit
during 35th year. The average rate for first ten year works out to
Rs.2.61 per unit whereas same for entire period of 35 years, works out
to Rs.1.89 per unit.
At purchase centre, it will be seen that sale rate of power shall be Rs.
2.43 per unit during Ist year of operation and Rs 1.62 per unit during
35th year. The average rate for first ten year works out to Rs. 2.64 per
unit whereas same for entire period of 35 years, works out to Rs.1.93
per unit.
XIII -5