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ELITE BPC 7.

5 NW PARTNER TRAINING
Data Loading from Flat File to BW to BPC

Enterprise Performance Management RIG

Moving Data for BPC


Planning and Consolidation (BPC) has a number of unique features that need to be
considered when attempting to move data in/out of the application:

BPC has a protected namespace (/CPMB/). This prevents BPC from directly
interacting with much of the BW environment. Note: this feature is by design allow
independence of the data model from corporate EDW processes and models.

BPC has an unique data model (no BW Time or Unit of Measure characteristics.
This feature requires transformation of the inbound BW data into the BPC data model.

BPC is a single key figure model, while BW data models are typically multiple key
figure based. This feature also therefore requires a transformation of the inbound BW
data to allow loading the BPC data model

Planning data needs to be aggregated to a higher level than data typically used fro
actual reporting (i.e.: planning data is usually presented in monthly buckets, while BW
reporting data may be weekly or even daily).
The above considerations require specific designs to efficiently move data from ECC
into BW, and then into a BPC environment. Fortunately Netweaver has the Extract,
transform, and load (ETL) tools to make this job easy!

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Moving Data for BPC


SAP Business Warehouse (BW) is the data warehouse application for Netweaver. BW
has a multitude of delivered content that can be activated to extract data from a variety
of SAP (i.e.: ECC, APO, CRM) and non-SAP based systems. A few of these tools are:

Extractors small programs that make data connections to systems outside of the
home BW system. These extractors can modify the form of the data (i.e.: change field
from 8 characters to 6).

Transformations allow the mapping of one data model to another.


Open Hub - is a service that enables the distribution of data from an SAP BW system
into an external data marts, analytical application, or various other applications

Business Application Programming Interface (BAPI) is used to extract data from nonSAP sources. BAPI serves the purpose of connecting third- party ETL tools to SAP BW.

DB connect allows the extraction of data directly from the underlying database
Data Transfer Processes (DTPs) are used within BW to transfer data from one data
target to another (i.e.: from the PSA to an info provider)

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Moving Data for BPC


The focus of this presentation is to demonstrate a basic method of data loading for BPC
objects:
1. The extraction of data from ECC is simulated in our example though the use of a
prepared flat file. More typically the BW system would connect to the ECC system
via the extractor and make a logical connection to move this data. The Data
Source defines the location of the source data.
2. Data is loaded into the PSA (Persistence Staging Area) via the instructions defined
within the infopackage.
3. A transformation is created to map the source data in the PSA into a targeted data
model in another BW object (i.e.: info provider (for records), info object (for master
data)).
4. A Data Transfer Processes (DTP) controls the movement of data from the PSA
into the targeted info object and/or info provider.
5. Data is then moved again into a BPC friendly info provider call a Staging Cube. A
transformations and DTP are use to facilitate the transfer.
6. Finally the data from the Staging Cube is loaded into the BPC application through
the use of standard BPC Data Manager tool ( transformation files, conversion
file, and data manager package).

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Data Records Flow


Flat File record:

0FIGL_C10 record:

Data Load (with Filtering)

Staging Cube:
DTP Load

BPC
DM Load

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Data Records Flow


Flat File record

0FIGL_C10 Cube

Data Flow

Z_STAGE Cube
Filtered in DTP

BPC Planning Cube


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SAP
BusinessObjects
Planning and
Consolidation

SAP NetWeaver
BW EDW

SAP ERP

SAP NetWeaver BW System

Data flow from ERP to BPC

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Planning and
Consolidation
P_ACCT

0G\L_Account

Extractor
General Ledger
Account

BPC FI
Planning
Cube

FI/CO
Actual
Cube

Extractor
FI/CO or
other

Two paths are illustrated


here: one for master
data and one for
transactional data.
The master data process
uses delivered BW
extractors to access the
ECC definition tables.
The data is pulled into
BW and placed into a
BW info object call a
characteristic.
The second path details
the load of transactional
data. As with the master
data process, delivered
extractors pull data into
BW and place the
records in a BW info
provider (cube).

Data flow from ERP to BPC

Flat File

0FIGL_C10

Z_STAGE

/CPMB/PLANNING cube

1.

Data is loaded from Flat file to the 0FIGL_C10 cube

2.

Data is loaded from 0FIGL_C10 standard cube to the Z_STAGE


cube (Staging cube)

3.

Using the data manager package , data is loaded from Z_STAGE


cube to BPC Planning cube

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Info Providers
Info Providers are the central multidimensional data model in BW. An Info Provider
describes a self-enclosed data set encompassing one or more related business
processes.
There are several types of Info Providers :

Info Cubes (Basic and Real Time)


Virtual Providers (loaded at run time)
Data Store Objects (flat structures that lack many of the mufti dimensional features of
cubes)
Info Cubes (Info Providers): physically contain data in the database
Virtual Providers: Represent logical views of a dataset. Data is stored only at runtime.
In this entire BW class 0FIGL_C10 standard cube will be used for loading the data.
Two sub types of InfoCubes:

Standard InfoCube and


Real-time InfoCube (Transactional cube)
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Data flow from ERP to BW

Different type of source systems


Flat File, ERP system, BW
system , APO, CRM, non-SAP,
etc.
Extractors are used to move data
from the source into the BW system
Infopackages are used to move data
from source system to PSA
Transformations are built to map the
fields between the source and target
Data Transfer Process are used to
move the data from the PSA to Target
i.e. characteristic or infocube or
keyfigure

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Source Systems
Flat Files for which metadata is maintained manually by BI and data is transferred to BI
using a file interface
Database management systems into which data is loaded from a database supported by
SAP using DB Connect without using an external extraction program
Relational or multidimensional sources that are connected to BI using UD connect
Web Services that transfer data to BI by means of a push
Non-SAP systems for which data and metadata is transferred using staging BAPIs

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Data flow from Flat File to InfoCube

Data flow from Flat File to InfoCube

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Data flow from ERP to BPC

Flat File

0FIGL_C10

Z_STAGE

Flat File SS

InfoPackage

DTP

0FIGL_C10

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/CPMB/PLANNING cube

Source Systems
Source system type is determined in the source systems area of the Data Warehousing
Workbench

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DataSource Systems
A DataSource comprises the quantity of logically related fields that provide the data for a
business unit for data transfer to BI. You need to create a separate DataSource for
transaction data and for Master data (each for Texts, Attributes and hierarchies). The
data source in the exercises identifies where the flat file is located.

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InfoPackage
An InfoPackage determines what data from which DataSource and from which source
system are requested and written to the BI entry layer, the Persistent Staging Area
(PSA).

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Transformation
Transformation process defines mapping rules and ability to aggregate and filter data

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Transformation
Transformation process allows to map the source fields to the target fields

Source
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Target

Transformation
Click on each arrow (mapping rule) to view the rule details. Accept system generated
proposal:

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Transformation
Transformation rules can be created to provide target defintion when ther is no source.
In the exercise example, the target Fiscal Variant field is defined by a rule that sets this
to a constant value (K1).

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Transformation
Transformation rules can in some cases be very simple. In the example below, the
transformation provides a Direct Assignment between the source and the target fields.
No conversion routines are used in this mapping definition.

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Transformation and mappings


Characteristic Info Objects Transformation

0FIGL_C10 cube

Chart of accounts

Mapped

0CHRT_ACCTS

Company code

Mapped

0COMP_CODE

Controlling area

Mapped

0CO_AREA

Cost Center

Mapped

0COSTCENTER

Currency Type

Constant

0CURTYPE

Functional area

Mapped

0FUNC_AREA

G/L Account

Mapped

0GL_ACCOUNT

Profit Center

Mapped

0PROFIT_CTR

Segment for Rep

Constant

0SEGMENT

Valuation View

Constant

0VALUATION

Value Type for Reporting

Constant

0VTYPE

10

Version

Constant

0VERSION

V00

Key Figure Info Objects:


Cumulative Balance with CURRYKEY

Mapped

0BALANCE

Total Debit Postings with CURRYKEY

Mapped

0DEBIT

Total credit postings with CURRYKEY

Mapped

0CREDIT

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Const Value

00

Transformation and mappings


Time Characteristic

Transformation

0FIGL_C10 cube

Fiscal year

Mapped

0FISCYEAR

Fiscal year / period

Mapped

0FISCPER

Fiscal year variant

Mapped

0FISCVARNT

Posting period

Mapped

0FISCPER3

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DTP
Data Transfer Processes (DTPs) are used to transfer data within BW from the PSA to
another object (0FIGL_C10 in the example shown) in accordance with transformations
and filters.

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Data Records Flow


Flat File record

Data Flow
0FIGL_C10 Cube

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Data flow from Flat File to InfoCube

Data flow from 0FIGL_C10 to Z_STAGE

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Staging Cube

The main objectives in using a staging cube is to:


1. Provide a BW target to aggregate records form multiple BW sources of data
For example: data from HR, CRM, APO, non-SAP systems can be collocated in the
staging cube and minimize any additional BW security and administration. The
staging cube can then become a one stop shop for BPC data.
2. To simplify the BW to BPC ETL process
Creating a staging cube with a data model similar to the target BPC application
allows the business user to take a more simplified approach to BPC Data Manager
ETL design (in other words, the BPC transformation and conversion file designs
can be relatively simple).
3. Provide disaggregation of the BW multiple key figure data model into a single key
figure based data model (similar to BPC).

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Data flow from BW cube to Z_STAGE


cube
Flat File

0FIGL_C10

Z_STAGE

/CPMB/PLANNING cube

Flat File SS

InfoPackage

DTP

0FIGL_C10

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Z_STAGE

InfoCubes
Object Overview of the 0FIGL_C10 cube (note the use of four key figures!)

Four Key Figures!

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Staging Cube
Staging cubes are used extensively within BPC to summarize data from multiple
sources and to pre-format data.
Note that the number of info objects and key figures are significantly different
from the 0FIGL_C10 cube. A major function of the staging cube is to organize the
BW key figure based data model into an account based (single key figure based)
data model.

One Key Figure!

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Transformation and mappings


Characteristic Info Objects 0FIGL_C10 cube

Transformation

Chart of accounts

0CHRT_ACCTS

Filtered Selection in DTP

Company code

0COMP_CODE

Not Mapped

Controlling area

0CO_AREA

Concatenated w/ PCN

Cost Center

0COSTCENTER

Not Mapped

Currency Type

0CURTYPE

Not Mapped

Functional area

0FUNC_AREA

Not Mapped

G/L Account

0GL_ACCOUNT

==>

Profit Center

0PROFIT_CTR

Concatenated w/CO_AREA

Segment for Rep

0SEGMENT

Not Mapped

Valuation View

0VALUATION

Not Mapped

Value Type for Reporting

0VTYPE

Not Mapped

Version

0VERSION

Not Mapped

Cumulative Balance

0BALANCE

==>

Sales for the Period

0SALES

Not Mapped

Total Debit Postings

0DEBIT

==>

Z_SDATA ( and Z_ACTY=F10)

Total credit postings

0CREDIT

==>

Z_SDATA ( and Z_ACTY=F20)

Z_STAGE Cube

Z_ACCT (Account)

Key Figure Info Objects:

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Z_SDATA (and Z_ACTY=F00)

Transformation and mappings


Time Characteristic

0FIGL_C10 cube

Transformation

Fiscal year

0FISCYEAR

Not Mapped

Fiscal year / period

0FISCPER

==>

FISCPER

Fiscal year variant

0FISCVARNT

==>

0FISCVARNT

Posting period

0FISCPER3

Not Mapped

0CURRENCY

Not Mapped

Change Run ID

0CHNGID

Not Mapped

Record type

0RECORDTP

Not Mapped

Request ID

0REQUID

Not Mapped

Unit:
Currency key

Other fields:

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Z_STAGE Cube

Transformation
Within the transformation definition, rules can be created to provide additional technical
transformations between source to target data. In the exercise, the 0FIGL_C10 field
FISCPER field mapped to 0FISPER field of Z_STAGE cube the technical mapping id
relatively simple: a seven character field is mapped into a seven numeric field. This
mapping is easy to perform since the system recognizes 0FISCPER as a specific
characteristics called a Time Characteristics, and thereby has an arsenal of predefined
functions (called conversion routines) to convert one time format into another.

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Staging Cube: Transformation and


Rule Group
Time Characteristic based rule for 0FISCPER

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Staging Cube: Transformation and


Rule Group
Profit Center is compounded characteristic that requires the definition of a controlling area to fully define a specific
profit center. BPC does not have characteristic compounding feature, as a result the current best practice is to
concatenate both characteristics (Controlling Area and Profit Center) to define a unique profit center key. To
accomplish this in our transformation rule, select the Rule Type Formula

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Staging Cube: Transformation and


Rule Group
Direct Assignment for Z_ACCT

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Staging Cube: Transformation and


Rule Groups
Rule Groups can be used to easily transform a multiple key figure based data model into
a single key figure based model.
The Standard Rule Group can be defined for one key figure, and at the election of the
developer, can be copied as a template into a number of new rule group definitions
(thereby minimizing redundant configuration).
These new rule groups would each process a different key figure from the source data.
In the exercise for this topic, the standard rule group is initially defined to process the
0BALANCE key figure. Subsequent rule group definitions copy this standard rule group
(preserving the mappings for many of the source and target fields). The copied
standard rule group is them modified by re-pointing it to another key figure (such a
0CREDIT or 0DEBIT) .
To identify which key figure spawn which Staging record, the characteristic Z_ACTY is
identified in each rule group to correspond to Balance, Credit, or Debit.

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Staging Cube: Transformation and


Rule Groups
SAP NetWeaver BW provides standard functionality called Rule Groups to transpose a source record with multiple
key figures into multiple records with one key figure. For this transformation we will use the concept of Rule Groups to
define how each multiple key figure based 0FIGL_C10 record will be broken into three separate single key figure
records in the Z_STAGING cube. The first rule group (called the Standard Rule Group) will define how the
0FIGL_C10 records 0BALANCE key figure will be processed.

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Converting SAP ERP Data to a Generic One Key


Figure Model
For this transformation we will use the concept of Rule Groups to define how each multiple key figure based
0FIGL_C10 record will be broken into three separate single key figure records in the Z_STAGING cube. The first rule
group (called the ZDEBIT Rule Group) will define how the 0FIGL_C10 records 0DEBIT key figure will be processed:

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Data Transfer Process


A Data Transfer Process (DTP) provides the framework to move data from within the
BW system. Data can move from Cube to cube, DSO to Cube, Info Object to Cube.
The DTP can execute the data movement as defined by a transformation.

In the exercises associated with this presentation, a DTP is created to move the data
from the 0FIGL_C10 cube into the Z_STAGE staging cube

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Data Transfer Process


DTP is created to load the data from 0FIGL_C10 and Z_STAGE
Source & Target

The DTP filter selects only those records


associated with a specific chart of accounts

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Staging Cube Load Results


End result of the Staging cube load:
The concatenation of the controlling area and the profit center
The multiple Z_ACTY value corresponding to the three key figures: 0BALANCE,
0CREDIT, and 0DEBIT (transformation into a single key figure model).
Filtering of the Chart of Accounts

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Data Records Flow

0FIGL_C10 record:

Staging Cube:
DTP Load

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Data Records Flow


0FIGL_C10 Cube

Z_STAGE Cube
0CHRT_ACTS record
with value 2 is
Filtered in DTP

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Z_STAGE to BPC Application

Data flow from Z_STAGE to BPC Application

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Z_STAGE to BPC Application

Once the staging cube is loaded the next process uses standard BPC ETL tools
(Data Manager packages) to load the data from the staging cube into the BPC
application.
Data Manager will use a standard BPC mapping tool, call a transformation file to map
the fields fro the source to the target data model.
A conversion file is used to changed the format of some source data (fiscal period)
into the standard BPC time format YYYY.MMM).
A standard Data Manager package brings all of these objects together (source,
target, transformation, and conversion).

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SAP

Staging cube to BPC Planning Application


Flat File

0FIGL_C10

Z_STAGE

/CPMB/PLANNING cube

Flat File SS

InfoPackage

DTP
BPC DM Pkg

0FIGL_C10

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Z_STAGE

BPC Cube

Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Staging cube and the BPC Planning Application

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Transformation and mappings


Z_STAGE Cube

Mapping

/CPMB/PLANNING

Z_PCN

BPC Transformation file

ENTITY

Z_ACTY

BPC Transformation file

P_Activity

Z_ACCT

BPC Transformation file

GL_ACCT

BPC Transformation file

Category = ACTUAL (constant)

BPC Transformation file

P_DataSrc = BWLOAD (constant)

BPC Transformation file

RptCurreny = LC (constant)

0FISCPER

BPC Transformation /Conversion file

TIME

BPC Transformation file

SignedData

Key Figure Info Objects:


Z_SDATA

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BPC Transformation and Conversion


Files

Transformation file in BPC

Conversion file in BPC

Source & Target


Conversion

Source & Target


Mapping

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Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Data Manager package defines the source (the info provider identified in the first box,
the target (the calling BPC application) , the transformation. The transformation file
defines the specific conversion file(s) to be used.

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Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Staging cube and the BPC Planning cube should have 1:1 mapping
Transformation file in BPC

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Conversion file in BPC

Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Total 252 records are loaded into BPC Planning cube

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Data Records Flow

Z_STAGE Cube

DM Load with Transformation


and Conversation file

BPC Planning Cube

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Data Records Flow


Flat File record

0FIGL_C10 Cube

Data Flow

Z_STAGE Cube
Filtered in DTP

BPC Planning Cube


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Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Flat File with data 193 data records

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Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Total 193 records are loaded into 0FIGL_C10 cube from Flat file

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Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Total of 84 records ( 84 x 3 =252 )records are loaded into Z_STAGE cube from
0FIGL_C10

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Load data from Z_STAGE to BPC


Cube
Total 252 records are loaded into BPC Planning cube

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Examples of Differences Between BPC and


SAP NetWeaver BW Data Storage
Modeling

SAP
BPC
NetWeaver BW

Example

Key figure
models

Possible

Not possible

SAP NetWeaver BW splits


currency and units into two
key figures, while BPC has
just one

Financial Logic

Modeled in
various ways

Handled in
ShareQueryEngine

Data Signage is handled


using account type in BPC.
SAP NetWeaver BW expects
the signage in the database

Time

Modeled in 13
different
InfoObjects

Modeled in one
Time dimension

SAP NetWeaver BW handles


Period 0 and 13-16 out of the
box

Currency

Handled similar to
SAP ERP using
currency types

Leverages entities
currency and LC

LC is a currency type in SAP


NetWeaver BW, but a
currency in BPC

BPC = SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation

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SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation


Has Only One Key Figure, SAP Has Many
Since SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation has only one key
figure, any SAP ERP record with more than one key figure needs to be
converted into a generic key figure model with the SAP BusinessObjects
Planning and Consolidation account dimension being the characteristic that
differentiates the different records

0BALANCE 0CREDIT
0DEBIT
$66,000.00 $50,790.00 $51,650.00

BPC = SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation

2010 SAP AG. All rights reserved. / Page 61

BPC
P_Activity
BALANCE
F00
CREDIT
F10
DEBIT
F20

Amount
$66,000.00
$50,790.00
$51,650.00

SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation


Has Only One Key Figure, SAP Has Many (cont.)
Also, SAP ERP and SAP NetWeaver BW clearly distinguish between a unit of a quantity and the
currency of a financial amount or balance
SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation does not have a designated unit field and
thus units and currencies need to be merged into one field
Also the local currency in SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation is stored as
LC. What currency LC actually stands for is determined via the SAP BusinessObjects
Planning and Consolidation entity.

0CURRENCY
USD

0UNIT
each

RPTCurrency
LC
each

Be aware of the different terminology: Local currency LC in SAP BusinessObjects


Planning and Consolidation is a currency, while local currency in SAP ERP represents a
currency type.

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Format Challenges
Transforming SAP NetWeaver BW data into the SAP BusinessObjects Planning and
Consolidation one key figure model, as described in the previous section, is usually not enough
to ensure an error-free load of SAP NetWeaver BW data into SAP BusinessObjects Planning
and Consolidation
Several format conversions may be required to allow data to flow into SAP BusinessObjects
Planning and Consolidation. We will examine the following:
Data signage conversion
Date format conversion
Definition of constant values
Removal of leading zeros: ALPHA conversion
Removal of special characters from alphanumeric SAP ERP material numbers

In order to keep an audit trail, any transformed data should be stored in a custom
InfoObject along with the original data. So for example, keep 0MATERIAL for the
original SAP ERP material number but create a custom object to store the
material number in SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation format.

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Data Signage Conversion


SAP NetWeaver BW stores signage as a suffix (e.g.,100-); however, SAP BusinessObjects
Planning and Consolidation expects it as a prefix (e.g., -100).
This little piece of ABAP code delivers this conversion

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Date Format Conversion Simple


SAP ERP and SAP NetWeaver BW store Fiscal Period date information as YYYYPPP
(e.g. 2010001) while SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation expects
YYYY.MMM (e.g. 2010.JAN)
The SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation conversion file can be used to
accomplish this conversion:
Calendar Month
Amount
2010001
100,000
2010005
150,000

BPC Date
Amount
2010.JAN
100,000
2010.MAY
150,000

If you use Fiscal Period to populate the SAP BusinessObjects Planning and
Consolidation time dimension then your conversion is slightly different, as the
period is stored as YYYYPPP in SAP NetWeaver BW
2010 SAP AG. All rights reserved. / Page 65

Additonal details

Thank you

2010 SAP AG. All rights reserved. / Page 66

2010 SAP AG. All Rights Reserved


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