Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
28 September 2010
Version :
2.00
Responsible:
Ren Usath
(Ministry of Building and Transport of North Rhine-Westphalia)
Contributors:
Holger Bergmann, AS&P Albert Speer und Partner GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
Rita Jakoby, AS&P Albert Speer und Partner GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
Comments from:
MTI-DTR/Romania
2/25
SERVICE OBJECTIVES
Traffic information is useful before and during a journey
To plan if / when / how to make the journey
To minimize the impacts of traffic congestion on peoples journey
Thus the drivers knowledge of traffic conditions will make a significant contribution to improving
environmental performance, efficiency, including energy efficiency, safety and security of road
transport.
SERVICE LEVEL DEFINITION
LEVELS OF SERVICE: TRAFFIC CONDITIONS INFORMATION
CRITERIA
LEVEL 0
LEVEL 1
of being provided in a
language
User interface
LEVEL 2
language (English).
Neighbouring
Provision
Local and Secondary
Network Information
Level of Detail
(Location Reference)
No information
Information exchange to
exchange
neighbouring only
Information Provider
exchange
None
routes
None
(between 2 junctions)
(approx 1 km)
EUROPEAN DIMENSION
Ideally traffic conditions information should in the European dimension provide continuity across
neighbouring regions and between member states. Thus the purpose of this Guideline is to develop
the existing services towards having a truly European (pan-European) service and to assure an
adequate service quality (Level of service). The European continuity aspects are the service coverage
(geographical and time availability), the continuity as regards content across corridors and TEN-T
network and interfaces, and the language-independence characteristics.
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TABLE
OF
CONTENT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. GENERAL FRAMEWORK
7
8
8
2. TECHNICAL ISSUES
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
14
EUROPEAN DIMENSION
FUNCTIONAL AND INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE
REQUIRED ICT INFRASTRUCTURE
STANDARD AND AGREEMENTS: EXISTING AND REQUIRED
NEED FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATIONS
14
14
15
15
16
3. SERVICE PROVISION
17
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
17
19
20
20
21
22
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
22
22
23
23
6. APPENDIX 2: BIBLIOGRAPHY
25
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Figure 3: Website "bayerninfo.de": predictive and real-time traffic situation in Bavaria, with
integrated road works- and weather information
10
Figure 4: Website "www.trafficengland.com" of the Highways Agency
10
11
12
12
12
12
14
22
23
23
24
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List of Abbreviations
ANPR
C2C
Car-to-car communication
C2I
Car-to-infrastructure communication
CCTV
Closed-circuit Television
CEN
CO2
Carbon dioxide
DAB
DG
Deployment Guideline
DG INFSO
DG TREN
EC
European Commission
E-FRAME
ESG
FM
FRAME
ICT
ISO
ITS
MOBINET
OLSIM
PDA
QUANTIS
RDS-TMC
simTD
TERN
TPEG
TIS
TV
Television
VMS
WAP
WDR
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1. General Framework
1.1. General Service Description
The service includes pre-trip as well as on-trip real-time and predictive information on the road traffic
conditions for a specific network. The intent is to assist drivers and travellers to use the traffic
network in a more efficient and safer way. This is done by changing or influencing routes or modes,
e.g. to minimize the impacts of traffic congestion on peoples journey and thus to reduce travel time.
The aim of the service is to:
inform the driver / traveller about the current traffic conditions in order to support him finding the
best way to travel,
provide the traveller with a pre-trip forecast of information about the potential road traffic
conditions for a specific road network at a point in time to be selected by the traveller,
inform the driver / traveller well that he can travel in a more calmer and safer way.
congestion
Further information which are relevant and affects the traffic conditions will be described by the
other TIS Deployment Guidelines (DG), e. g. road blockings will be tackled by the Deployment
Guideline for event and warning information.
The service is dedicated to the driver / traveller and may include common information as well as
personalised (individual) information. The information provision can follow pre-defined strategies or
management plans which are in operation of the road authorities or management centres.
A main focus of this deployment guideline is the Internet-based pre-trip and on-trip traffic information
on dynamic maps, with road sections coloured according to defined categories of Level of Service.
This type of display gives the traveller an instant and language independent picture of the current
traffic situation.
In addition, national, regional or local broadcasters may also provide traffic forecasts to mass
audiences. Through the exploitation of smart and SMS based mobile phone technologies a
personalised (individual) service can be provided.
Further examples for carriers are:
VMS traffic condition information, e. g. on congestion on the network (roadside traffic conditions
information)
on the causes and durations of traffic disturbances, e.g. incidents, accidents, weather or events
such as construction sites
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This relevant complementary information is not content of the current Deployment Guideline and will
be covered by other DG.
This document is part Bii and a supporting guideline of the main document Guidelines for Traveller
Information Core European Service - Summary Document.
1.3. State-of-the-Art
Information concerning traffic conditions being / will be provided to end-users in different ways. They
will be given by the following channels:
Internet portals
Navigation systems
RDS-TMC / TPEG
Radio
Videotext
The named channels are described in detail in the following sections and best practices are
presented in Appendix 1. These examples do not represent the state of the art all over Europe.
They are provided by Easyway Partners, in order to show examples of realised solutions.
There are various European services in operation which can be distinguished according to the
information providers, i.e.:
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Broadcasters
The named channels can be differentiated between those who give collective information and those
who offer individualized information. Most of the collective channels as e.g. road side displays, radio
or videotext are exclusively in the responsibility of road operators, traffic information internet
services can be provided by private partners, too. To offer a high-quality individualized information,
(e.g. through mobile devices or navigation systems) the co-operation with private commercial
partners is mandatory. Therefore a strong co-operation between EASYWAY and TISA-Traveller
Information Services Association in all aspects of traffic information is highly recommended to
openly discuss new requirements, creating and maintaining a market focus and ensuring one
consistent set of standards and information content for the future.
Figure 1:
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Figure 3:
Website "bayerninfo.de": predictive and real-time traffic situation in
Bavaria, with integrated road works- and weather information
Figure 4:
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Figure 5:
Mobile
device
wap.sytadin.gouv.fr
with
traffic
condition
information
service
Both, navigation systems as well as mobile devices have the great advantage that they can give
individualized information and restrictions (e.g. vehicle-type-based speed limits).
RDS-TMCi
RDS-TMC is a specific application of FM RDS used for broadcasting real-time traffic and weather
information. Data messages are received silently and decoded by a TMC-equipped navigation
system or radio and offering dynamic route guidance. The data is language independent and can be
used as pre-trip or on-trip information service. RDS-TMC is a global standard and covers a large
percentage of the TERN. Many parts of the TERN have no RDS-TMC coverage, however this could
be provided at any time by commercial entities without market intervention by the State, or by the
State if considered appropriate. The referencing based on the country-specific location code lists for
the strategic European road network.
TPEGii
TPEG is a standardised world-wide technology which delivers all types of traffic and travel
information content by different channels, e.g. digital Radio (DAB), Internet. It is language
independent and can be used as on-trip or pre-trip information. The TPEG applications use a
common location referencing method for all devices presenting text or icons on a map display.
DATEX IIiii
DATEX was developed for information exchange between traffic management centres, traffic
information centres and service providers. The standard is language independent and will be used
by different partners all over Europe. The second generation of the DATEX specification can also be
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used by all actors in the traffic and travel information sector. DATEX II is intended to become a
multi-part technical specification, maintained by CEN.
1.3.6. RADIO
Common radio broadcasters or special traffic radio broadcasters (e. g. 107,7 FM in France) are
available all over Europe. They give traffic condition information, warning information and weather
information to the drivers. This information is common and not personalised to the specific drivers,
but can be tailored to a specific area or region. The character and the mass of information depend
on each broadcaster. The information is in general not language independent and is normally an ontrip service but can also be used as pre-trip service. Broadcasters can be public or private bodies.
Figure 6:
Figure 7:
Traffic radio in Dublin,
Ireland
1.3.7. VIDEOTEXT
Videotext will be provided in parallel to the TV programme. The broadcasting stations provide
relevant traffic information (e.g. traffic conditions, warnings, regional traffic information of
conurbations). The use of videotext is only a pre-trip service and usually not language independent.
Figure 8:
1.3.8. TELEVISION
Some broadcasters in Europe provide special services on TV concerning the publication of traffic
conditions. Particularly during the morning peak hours or in the case of poor weather conditions,
large events or significant travel disruption. This service is not language independent and only a
pre-trip service. The service on TV will be shown on maps, as texts, or on CCTV live streams.
Figure 9:
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Navigation
Systems
Mobile Devices
RDS-TMC
TPEG
DATEX
Radio
Videotext
Television
Pre-trip use
On-trip use
Language independent
y/n
y/n
y/n
y/n
y/n
y/n
y/n
Roadside
Guidance
System
Internet Portals
Key:
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2. Technical Issues
2.1. European Dimension
Improved information in terms of contents, quality, efficiency and comprehensibility contributes to
EasyWayiv objectives in terms of mobility and safety.
Provision of information by means of pictograms or colours on a digital map tends to be language
independent, but the pictograms and colours are not uniform at present. Complementary information
(spoken or text) requires translation and provision in different languages.
This service directly enables the cross-border traveller to make informed decisions. It is likely that
this service would have an appeal to those making long unfamiliar journeys and provides them with
improved information in a predominantly language independent format.
Data processing
Information provision
Information reception
VMS
database of
info management
strategies
Internet
radio
traffic
monitoring
systems
RDS-TMC
/ TPEG
server
end-user
mobile
devices
service
provider
videotext
database of
historic data
navigation
system
value added
services
television
The collection of data is carried out by different systems and by different partners, private as well as
public bodies. Historic data can also be required to generate traffic situation predictions. All data
must be based on a consistent and geographic reference model. The geographical basis should be
left to the operator to define. On content platforms data from different sources is merged and
aggregated. The provision to the driver / traveller is carried out by road authorities, private motorway
companies, private service providers or broadcasters via different information carriers. These
depend on the different application case / European country. When providing a customer oriented
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traffic condition information service the users' benefit can be increased by providing a warning and
general traffic information, which can be collected and verified by private or public bodies.
Within Europe different methodologies are available to aggregate the real-time and predictive traffic
condition information. These methodologies are not covered by the present guideline. Content of
this guideline is only data issue which will be supplied to content providers (private or public) by the
data provider.
The EC funded project E-FRAMEv (following project of the FRAME project) studies ITS architecture
in Europe and is a platform to provide advice and guidance for knowledge exchange and
standardisation actions in the field of system architectures (more information can be found on
project website).
The methodologies and calculation algorithms for the data fusion and processing for a traffic
condition model will not be covered by this deployment guideline. They depend amongst others on
the data collection system. The main data which are needed for the calculation of the traffic
condition are traffic volume, speed and the road features.
The provision of the information to the driver / traveller (on trip) has to be done via end user
terminals or roadside guidance systems. In-car systems (end user terminals) offer the advantage
that they can inform about vehicle-type based speed limits or other vehicle-type based restrictions
(see Guideline for speed limit information DG05). A few available channels are named in the
chapter 1.3 (State of the art).
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3. Service Provision
3.1. Service Level Definition
Accurate, reliable, high-quality traffic data is a prerequisite for implementing high-quality traffic
information services achieving good user response and gaining considerable benefits in traffic
throughput, safety, environment and economic efficiency.
The QUANTIS project, supported by EC Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, is
developing a methodology to evaluate and optimise data and service levels in terms of quality and
costs in order to foster cross border data exchange and service provision according to European
policy objectives. This methodology is therefore advised to be used in terms of data quality.
More information can be found on website of QUANTISvii.
Nevertheless the tables below display general criteria for Level of Service (Table 1) and Level of
Quality (Table 2). It should be noted that there is no hierarchy between these criteria.
The Levels of Service (LoS) definition of Traffic Condition Information services follows the general
Levels of Service definition of TIS services (see DG01). It is based on core criteria defined in DG01:
User Interface, Neighbouring Provision, Local and Secondary Network Information, Level of Detail
(Location reference).
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
One fixed
language
Data available is
capable of being
provided independent of
language
No information
exchange
Information exchange to
neighbouring only
Neighbouring and
beyond Information
Provider exchange
Local and
secondary Network
Information
None
Relevant travel
information beyond key
routes can be provided
Level of Detail
(Location
Reference)
None
Static / Dynamic
User interface
Neighbouring
Provision
Legends:
See DG01 for core criteria definitions (User Interface, Neighbouring Provision, Local and Secondary Network
Information, and Level of Detail).
Static/Dynamic: Not yet integrated at this stage for Traffic Condition Information Levels of Service estimation but should be
added in future versions.
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The Table 3: General Criteria for Levels of Quality reflects the requirements of the data quality
which are needed for the traffic conditions information. Due to the different systems and
specifications all over Europe the table currently mentions no concrete figures. This table is not enduser oriented as the Table 2: General Criteria for Levels of Service. The definitions of the belowmentioned table are according to the ISO/PDTR 21707viii standard.
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Only on hotspots
On main routes
where problems
often occur
On all routes
Availability
Not guaranteed
Guaranteed to a
minimum level
Guaranteed to a
medium level
Guaranteed all
the time
Timeliness
Not guaranteed
30 min 15 min
15 min 1 min
around 10 s
Update
frequency
Only on an
irregular basis
On a regular basis
As frequent as
currently
possible
Quality
Assurance
No regulation
Either input or
output (partial
check)
Service chain
check (full)
Information
Quality
Assurance
Not defined
Collaboration
from more than
one source (data
fusion)
reliability
confirmed
Not guaranteed
Guaranteed to a
time interval
In real time
Only current
situation
Current situation
and short time
prediction
Current situation
and short as well
as long time
prediction
Accessibility
Cross Verified
Accuracy
Service Grade
Forecast
Horizon
Level 3
Legends:
SeeDG01 for core criteria definitions (Accessibility, Availability, Timeliness, Update Frequency, Quality Assurance, Cross
Verified and Accuracy).
Accuracy: An important additional core data quality parameter, not yet integrated for Traffic condition Information Levels of Service
estimation.
Service Grade: A specific traffic condition data quality criterion, in which the service is guaranteed.
Forecast Horizon: A specific traffic condition data quality criterion, which defines the prediction time for the service.
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Description
Key factors
OpEnv code
critical or black
spots
C1
motorway ( link)
T3
motorway ( link)
T4
two-lane road
(link)
R3
two-lane road
(link)
R4
three-/four lane
road (link)
R7
three-/four lane
road (link)
R8
Motorway
corridor/network
S1
Motorway
corridor/network
S2
Road
corridor/network
N1
Road
corridor/network
N2
Peri-urban
motorway or road
interfacing urban
environment
P1
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Further relationships existing to the following other expert and study groups:
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This chapter will not be described in the individual sub-guideline but in the Summary Document
(DG01) of the Guidelines for Traveller Information Core European Services in more detail.
Nevertheless future developments will be done in terms of traffic conditions information services.
The data collection as well as the information provision will be more influenced by providing data
from car-to-car (C2C) and car-to-infrastructure (C2I) implementations. First pilots are in progress in
different countries and regions within Europe. One example for a future development is the German
project simTDix. It is a research project shaping tomorrows safe and intelligent mobility through
researching and testing car-to-X communication and its applications. The project started in
September 2008 and will run for four years. simTD will put the results of previous research projects
into practice. For this purpose realistic traffic scenarios will be addressed in a large-scale test field
infrastructure around the Hessian city of Frankfurt am Main. Numerous automotive and
telecommunication companies, the Hessian state government and renowned universities and
research institutions have partnered up. The Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology, the
Ministry for Education and Research as well as the Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban
Affairs are funding and supporting the project.
The findings of this and other pilots will in due course influence the development of this Deployment
Guideline and Predictive and Real Time Traffic Condition Information in general across Europe.
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The simulation algorithm OLSIM (Online Simulation) was developed in order to reproduce the
current situation and to forecast the future for the whole motorway network of North RhineWestphalia. OLSIM is based on a cellular automaton modal for freeway traffic and needs for its
operation online and historical data. The model is a quite simple approach and therefore very robust
and reliable. The website provides forecasts for 30 min, 60 min, and long-term prognosis as well as
information about the current situation. More information is available on the website
www.autobahn.nrw.de.
This website provides amongst others a high level of quality in terms of coverage, forecast horizon,
and availability.
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Traffic bulletins are updated every ten minutes at peak hours and every 20 minutes at other times.
The radio service can be listen via DAB Digital Radio, computer, or on compatible mobile devices.
Figure 12:
Infomercials (for example explaining the Highways Agency Traffic Officer service,
safety advice and tips about planning your journey)
The radio service was developed by the Highways Agency and is working together with Transport
for London. The service will be produced from a wide range of sources which provides reliable and
accurate information.
The provision of accurate and reliable information from different sources means Traffic Radio
provides a high level service in terms of quality.
More information is available on the website www.trafficradio.org.uk
5.3. VMS with traffic conditions information on the Munich motorway ringxii
On the accessing motorways to middle ring road of Munich VMS were installed to show the traffic
condition on the ring road. The information helps the driver to find the fastest and easiest way to the
destination via the rind road. The signs were installed in 2003. The red colour indicates congestions
and the red-black segments indicate stop-and-go traffic.
More information is available via the MOBINET information office (www.mobinet.de)
The VMS provides a high level of quality in terms of timeliness and availability.
Figure 13:
ring road
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French Ministry provides a 24/7 free phone service about the road and motorway conditions
throughout France. Audiotex is part of the Bison Fut service. The key objective is to provide as
many drivers as possible information in real-time. The provided information consist of roadworks,
accidents, events, weather conditions, congestions, disruptions and diversions which is coming
amongst others from the Gendarmerie, the Police, the road infrastructure, and the private motorway
companies. Beside the phone service the website www.bison-fute.equipement.gouv.fr is in
operation which provides further traffic related information for France.
Figure 14:
The information is checked, analysed and then passed on to the Bison Fut network, comprising the
national centre for traffic information and seven regional traffic co-ordination and information centres
covered all France.
The availability and reliability of this phone service leads to a high level of quality.
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6. Appendix 2: Bibliography
i
www.tisa.org/en/technologies/
ii
www.tisa.org/en/technologies/
iii
www.datex2.eu
iv
www.easyway-its.eu
www.frame-online.net
vi
www.emotion-project.eu
vii
www.quantis-project.eu
viii
Draft ISO/PDTR 21707 Intelligent Transport Systems Integrated Transport Information, Management and
Control Data Quality in ITS Systems, 30. March 2007
ix
www.simTD.de
xi
www.trafficradio.org.uk/
xii
www.mobinet.de/services/s_press_info.html
xiii
www.bison-fute.equipement.gouv.fr/en/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=49
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