R8 Optimization

Telcel AMX, Mxico

Nokia Siemens Networks

PS - Throughput based optimization

Optimized usage of BTS HW, Iub
transmission and DL channelisation code
resources
100%

ave_throughput
downgrade_threshold 1
downgrade_threshold 2
release_threshold
send downgrade request to PS
send release request to PS

Optimization algorithm is used to

adapt PS DCH channel bit rate
using radio bearer reconfigurations
so that the bit rate meets the actual
capacity requirement
Channel can be even released if
the utilization of the channel is low
enough
Optimization is based on
throughput measurement of the
channel
Optimization is performed in both
uplink and downlink.
Throughput-based optimisation
works in parallel with the inactivity
timer. The NRT DCH has to be
totally silent during the inactivity
period until it is released.

Adapts the allocated DCH to the data bit rate

Better utilization of radio, transport and HW resources
Triggers transition to FACH when throughput is sufficiently low without check of inactivity
timers
Applied also to HSDPA return channel (controlled with parameter)
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PS - Throughput based optimization Example

Figure below shows case where 85k UDP data stream is send and throughput based optimization is
activated with default values. Blue line show PPP layer throughput, and red dotted line present DL bit
rate currently allocated.

Yellow dots with the number are related to RB reconfiguration events, and explained below
1. Initial bit rate is allocated (64kbps)
2. UG to Maximum bit rate (384kbps)
3. Uplink is DG from 64 kbps (initial) to 8 kbps (7s) - DG is happening due the lower throughput
measurement but DCHutilguardtime (6s) is delaying DG
4. DG DL 384 kbps to 256 kbps. This DG is based on upper throughput measurements. Upper
downgrade threshold for 384 kbps is 256 kbps which happens around 7sec. after maximum was
allocated.
5. DG DL 256 kbps to 128 kbps. This downgrade is also based on upper throughput
measurements. Upper downgrade threshold for 256 kbps is 128 kbps. This happens around
7sec. after previous downgrade from 384 kbps to 256 kbps.
6. Release to CELL_FACH, this event is based on release throughput measurements
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PS - Flexible Upgrade of NRT DCH data rate

Maximized end-user throughput and utilization of
radio, BTS HW and Iub transmission resources

Upgrade is triggered if the traffic

volume in the UE or RNC RLC
buffer exceeds the defined
threshold.

Bit rate is upgraded

DCH bit rate

NRT DCH
time
Traffic volume

RLC buffer

DCH utilization
Operator defined thresholds

Threshold can be defined

separately for each bit rate in DL
and in UL

High Throughput Measurement

time

Throughput /
DCH bit rate

Flexible upgrade of NRT DCH

data rate enables bit rate
upgrades from all bit rate levels

time

Unnecessary upgrades can be

avoided with the high throughput
measurement:
Upgrade can be allowed only if
the current DCH utilization is
above threshold

Flexible upgrade provides a mechanism to control the bit rate upgrades in order to avoid
unnecessary ones.
Throughput is checked along with capacity upgrade requests.
Applied also to HSDPA return channel (controlled with parameter)
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Throughput Based Optimization

DCHUtilBelowDowngradeThr: This parameter defines together with the RNP parameters
DCHUtilUpperDowngradeThr(BitRate) and DCHUtilLowerDowngradeThr(BitRate) the upper
and lower downgrade thresholds for the upper and lower throughput measurements. The
threshold below downgrade rate is defined as % down from upper/lower target downgrade bit
rate.
The value is common for both "upper" and "lower" throughput measurements and for
following NRT DCH bit rates: 32 kbps, 64 kbps, 128 kbps, 256 kbps, and 384 kbps.
Example: The allocated NRT DCH bit rate is 384 kbps and if the upper downgrade bit rate is
256 kbps, the lower downgrade bit rate is 64 kbps and the threshold below downgrade bit
rate is 4%. So the downgrade upper threshold for the upper throughput measurement is (256
kbps - 256 kbps*4/100) ~246 kbps and the downgrade lower threshold for the lower
throughput measurement is (64 kbps - 64 kbps*4/100) ~61 kbps.

DCHUtilLowerAveWin (128, 256, 32, 384, 64): This parameter defines the lower sliding
measurement window size for the NRT DCH. The lower throughput measurement measures
the number of received/sent bits in UL/DL NRT DCH during the sliding measurement window
period. The special value 0 of this parameter means that the lower throughput measurement
is not actived for the NRT DCH.

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Throughput Based Optimization

DCHUtilLowerTimeToTrigger (128, 256, 32, 384, 64): This parameter defines the period of
the time between timing of the lower throughput goes below the lower bit rate threshold and
the timing of sending lower downgrade request for the NRT DCH.

DCHUtilMeasGuardTime: This parameter defines the period of time during which

downgrading the allocated DCH bit rate of the NRT RB is denied due to throughput
measurements. Guard timer is started if a bit rate other than DCH 0/0 kbps is allocated for
the NRT RB. Guard timer is restarted when the NRT DCH bit rate is downgraded or
upgraded.

DCHUtilUpperAveWin (128, 256, 32, 384, 64): This parameter defines the upper sliding
measurement window size for the NRT DCH. The upper throughput measurement measures
the number of received/sent bits in UL/DL NRT DCH during the sliding measurement window
period. The special value 0 of this parameter means that lower throughput measurement is
not actived for the NRT DCH.

DCHUtilUpperTimeToTrigger (128, 256, 32, 384, 64): This parameter defines the period of
the time between timing of the upper throughput goes below the upper bit rate threshold and
the timing of sending upper downgrade request for the NRT DCH.

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Flexible Upgrade
DCHUtilHighAveWin: This parameter defines the sliding measurement window size for the
high throughput measurement in uplink and downlink NRT dedicated channels. The high
throughput mesurement measures the number of received/sent bits in UL/DL NRT DCH
during the sliding measurement window period. The measurement window size is common
for all NRT DCH data rates. The special value 0 means that high throughput measurement is
not active.
Time to Trigger for the high throughput measurement is respectively 0.2 s, which means that
the measured bit rate over 1.2 s needs to be greater than the high throughput threshold
before the NRT DCH data rate can be upgraded. Zero (0) means high throughput
measurement is inactive

DCHUtilHighBelowNRTDataRateThr: This parameter defines the threshold for the high

throughput measurement.
The threshold below the NRT DCH data rate is defined as % down from the NRT DCH data
rate.
The value is common for all NRT DCH data rates.
Example: The allocated NRT DCH data rate is 128 kbps and the threshold below the NRT
DCH data rate is 4%. So the threshold for the high throughput measurement is (128 kbps 128 kbps*4/100) ~123 kbps.

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Throughput Based Optimization / Flexible Upgrade

Actual Value
MO
Class

Abbreviated Name

Modification RNC VJZR1

RNC

Threshold below the

downgrade bit rate

DCHUtilBelowDowngradeThr

On-line

RNC

Window size for the high

throughput measurement

DCHUtilHighAveWin

On-Line

RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC

RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC
RNC

Parameter Name

Threshold below the NRT DCH

data rate
DCHUtilHighBelowNRTDataRateThr
Lower measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 128 kbps
DCHUtilLowerAveWin128
Lower measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 256 kbps
DCHUtilLowerAveWin256
Lower measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 32 kbps
DCHUtilLowerAveWin32
Lower measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 384 kbps
DCHUtilLowerAveWin384
Lower measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 64 kbps
DCHUtilLowerAveWin64
Lower time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 128 kbps
DCHUtilLowerTimeToTrigger128
Lower time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 256 kbps
DCHUtilLowerTimeToTrigger256
Lower time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 32 kbps
DCHUtilLowerTimeToTrigger32
Lower time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 384 kbps
DCHUtilLowerTimeToTrigger384
Lower time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 64 kbps
DCHUtilLowerTimeToTrigger64
Guard time for throughput
measurement
Upper measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 128 kbps
Upper measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 256 kbps
Upper measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 32 kbps
Upper measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 384 kbps
Upper measurement window
size for NRT DCH of 64 kbps
Upper time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 128 kbps
Upper time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 256 kbps
Upper time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 32 kbps
Upper time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 384 kbps
Upper time to trigger for the
NRT DCH of 64 kbps

Nokia Siemens Networks

On-line

New Value

RNC CASR1 Recommendation

100 (1000 ms) 100 (1000 ms)

4%

500 ms

4%

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000 ms

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000 ms

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000 ms

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000 ms

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000 ms

On-Line

140 (1400 ms) 140 (1400 ms)

800ms

On-Line

140 (1400 ms) 140 (1400 ms)

800ms

On-Line

140 (1400 ms) 140 (1400 ms)

800ms

On-Line

140 (1400 ms) 140 (1400 ms)

800ms

On-Line

140 (1400 ms) 140 (1400 ms)

800ms

DCHUtilMeasGuardTime

On-Line

2s

DCHUtilUpperAveWin128

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000ms

DCHUtilUpperAveWin256

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000ms

DCHUtilUpperAveWin32

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000ms

DCHUtilUpperAveWin384

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000ms

DCHUtilUpperAveWin64

On-Line

200 (2000 ms) 200 (2000 ms)

1000ms

DCHUtilUpperTimeToTrigger128

On-Line

400 (4000 ms) 400 (4000 ms)

2000ms

DCHUtilUpperTimeToTrigger256

On-Line

400 (4000 ms) 400 (4000 ms)

2000ms

DCHUtilUpperTimeToTrigger32

On-Line

400 (4000 ms) 400 (4000 ms)

2000ms

DCHUtilUpperTimeToTrigger384

On-Line

400 (4000 ms) 400 (4000 ms)

2000ms

DCHUtilUpperTimeToTrigger64

On-Line

400 (4000 ms) 400 (4000 ms)

2000ms

Comments

This recommendation aims to speed up bit rate downgrade once

utilization is below defined threshold. Combined with others TBO
parameters brings a better DCH utilization (higher throughput per
Radio Bearer) and therefore reduces CE consumption.
Related to High Throughput Measurements. It means that the
measured bit rate over DCHUtilHighTimeToTrigger +
DCHUtilHighAveWin needs to be greater than the high throughput
threshold before the NRT DCH data rate can be upgraded.
Related to High Throughput Measurements. This recommendation
aims to retard bit rate upgrade once utilization is below defined
threshold.

It's related to Throughput Based Optimization (TBO) feature. This

recommendation aims to speed up bit rate downgrade once
utilization is below defined threshold. Combined with others TBO
parameters brings a better DCH utilization (higher throughput per
Radio Bearer) and therefore reduces CE consumption.

If TimeToTrigger and AveWin are reduced as recommended above,

then DCHUtilMeasGuardTime should be reduced to avoid being a
bottleneck.

It's related to Throughput Based Optimization (TBO) feature. This

recommendation aims to speed up bit rate downgrade once
utilization is below defined threshold. Combined with others TBO
parameters brings a better DCH utilization (higher throughput per
Radio Bearer) and therefore reduces CE consumption.