ST Structural Steel Framing

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05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing R2

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GENERAL
SUMMARY
SUBMITTALS
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS
QUALITY ASSURANCE
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
PRODUCTS
STRUCTURAL STEEL MATERIALS
BOLTS, CONNECTORS, AND ANCHORS
PRIMER
GROUT
FABRICATION
SHOP CONNECTIONS
SHOP PRIMING
GALVANIZING
SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
EXECUTION
EXAMINATION
PREPARATION
ERECTION
FIELD CONNECTIONS
PREFABRICATED BUILDING COLUMNS
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL
REPAIRS AND PROTECTION
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
CONTENTS
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Work Package 4
Abu Dhabi Plaza, Astana, Kazakhstan
Works Tender No. A560101/2011/T/014

Parts 2 Volume 2 Specifications
SECTION 05 12 00 SRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING

1 GENERAL
1.1
SUMMARY
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The Contractor shall provide structural steel as shown on the Contract Drawings, specified herein, and needed
for a completed and proper installation. The Contract Drawings referred to in these Contract Documents and
those subsequently provided are intended to indicate the outline of the structure, related elements and
structural members to be employed and the standard of detail required. After consideration of all criteria and his
own production arrangements, the Contractor may make proposals for changes in any of the details, sizes or
materials shown or referred to in the Contract Documents. However such change shall be only limited to the
extent that they do not change the stiffness and behaviour of the structure and may only be deemed acceptable
if approved by the Engineer.
If the changes suggested by the Contractor are of such nature that they affect the structural stiffness and
behaviour significantly then the Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out the independent Wind Tunnel
Test from the prior approved agency to arrive at the appropriate wind loads on the structure. All expenses
towards such tests and all associated consultancy changes shall be borne by the Contractor.
A.
1.
Structural steel.
2.
Prefabricated building columns.
3.
Grout.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Section Includes:
Related Sections:
05 12 23 Structural Steel for Buildings

05 21 00 Steel Joist Framing
05 31 00 Steel Decking
05 31 13 Steel Floor Decking
05 42 00 Cold-Formed Metal Joist Framing
03 00 00 Cast in-place concrete
05 80 00 Corrosion Protection for Structural Steel
Note: With the exception of CSI Specifications 03 00 00 and 05 80 00 which are provided as separate
documents. The information provided in the above sections is covered in this Specification but they CSI section
listed have not been issued as separate documents as part of this tender submission.
If the specified standards are withdrawn or superseded by new standards, with the prior approval of the
Engineer, the Contractor may follow provisions of the new standard provided the quality of the works is not
compromised.
C.
REFERENCES
I.
Contract Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and
Supplementary Conditions apply to this Section.
II.
The British Standards referred to below, together with all appropriate references listed within
those Standards, shall be used with this Specification. The edition to be used shall be that
current with all amendments as published at the date of this Specification, except that the
latest editions of Standards may be used when no reduction in quality will result. Any
differences between their requirements and this Specification shall be submitted to the
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Engineer for his ruling. Where a Standard has been specified an equivalent internationally
recognized Standard, such as ASTM or DIN, may used subject to the Engineers approval.
Structural steel sections
Part 1 : Specification for hot rolled sections
BS 449
The use of structural steel in buildings

Part 2 : Metric units
BS 639
Covered carbon and carbon manganese steel electrodes for manual metal
BS 1133
Packaging Code
Section 6 Temporary protection of metal surfaces against corrosion (during
transport and storage)
Steel plate sheet and strip.
Part 1: Section 1.12: Tolerances on dimensions and shape for hot-rolled narrow
strip.
Thin PVC Sheeting (calendared, flexible unsupported)
BS 1449
BS 1763
BS 2600
BS 2853
BS 4
Method for radiographic examination of fusion welded butt joins in steel

Part 1 : 2mm up to and including 50mm thick
Part 2 : Over 50mm up to and including 200mm thick
The design and testing of steel overhead runway beams
BS 2910
Methods for radiographic examination of fusion welded circumferential butt

joints in steel pipes
BS 2994
Specification for cold rolled steel sections
BS 3643
ISO Metric screw threads

Part 1 Principles and basic data
Part 2 Specification for selected limited of size
ISO Metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts
BS 3692
BS 3923
BS 4165
Methods for ultrasonic examination of welds

Part 1 : Manual examination of fusion welds in ferritic steels
Part 2 : Automatic examination of fusion welded butt joints in ferritic steels
Electrode wires and fluxes for the submerged arc welding of carbon steel and
medium tensile steel
BS 4190
ISO Metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts
BS 4320
Metal washers for general Engineering purposes
BS 4360
Weldable structural steels
BS 4395
High strength friction grip bolts and associated nuts and washers for structural
Engineering
Part 1 : General grade
The use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steelwork
Part 1 : General grade
BS 4604
BS 4848
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Hot rolled structural steel sections

Part 2 : Hollow sections
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Approval testing of welders when welding procedure approval is not required

Part 1 : Fusion welding of steel
BS 4933
ISO Metric black cup and countersunk head bolts and screws with hexagon nuts
BS 5135
Arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels
BS 5289
Visual inspection of fusion welded joints
BS 5400
Steel, concrete and composite bridges

Part 10: Code of practice for fatigue
BS 5531
Safety in erecting structural frames
BS 5950
Structural use of steelwork in buildings

Part 1: Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: hotrolled sections.
Part 2: Specification for materials, fabrication and erection: hot-rolled sections.
Specification for acceptance levels for internal imperfections in steel plate, strip
and wide flats, based on ultrasonic testing.
BS 5996
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BS 4872
BS 6037
Permanently installed suspended access equipment.
BS 6072
Method for magnetic particle flaw detection
BS 6363
Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections
BS 6443
Method for penetrant flaw detection
BS 6651
Code of Practice for protection of structures against lightning.
BS 6722
Recommendations for dimensions of metallic materials
BS 6780
Through thickness reduction of area of steel plates and wide flats.
BS 7079
Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products
BS 7668
Weldable structural steels. Hot finished structural hollow sections in weather

resistant steels.
BS EN 287
Approval testing of welders for fusion welding.
BS EN 288
Approval of welding procedures for metallic materials
BS EN 1011
Part 1 & 2
Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials
SCI Publication
P161
Guide to Site Welding
BCSA Publication
No 52/10
National Structural Steel work specification for Building Construction.

(CE Marking Version)
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Execution of steel structures and Aluminium Structures.
BS EN ISO 5817
Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam
welding excluded)
BS EN 10021
General Technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products
BS EN 10025
Hot rolled products of non alloy structural steels. Technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10029
Tolerances on dimensions, shape and mass for hot rolled steel plates 3mm
thick or above.
BS EN 10034
Structural steel I and H sections Tolerances on shape and dimensions.
BS EN 10045
Charpy impact test on metallic materials
BS EN 10051
Continuously hot rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy
steels - tolerances on dimensions and shape.
BS EN 10056
Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles
BS EN 10113
Hot rolled products in weldable fine grain structural steels
BS EN 10137
Plates and wide flats made of high yield strength structural steels in the
quenched and tempered or precipitation hardened conditions.
BS EN 10147
Continuously hot dip zinc coated plate and strip
BS EN 10155
Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance. Technical

delivery conditions
BS EN 10160
Ultrasonic Testing of Steel Flat Product of Thickness Equal or Greater Than 6

mm (Reflection Method)
BS EN 10164
Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the

surface of the product. Technical delivery conditions
BS EN 10204
Metallic products. Types of inspection documents.
BS EN 10210
Hot finished structural hollow sections in non-alloy and fine grain structural
steels.
Part 1: Technical delivery requirements
Part 2: Dimensions, tolerances & sectional properties
Welded, brazed and soldered joints. Symbolic representation on drawings
BS EN 22553
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BS EN 1090-2
Part - 2
SNiP Standards
SNIP 11-23-81
Standards for Design Works Part 11:Steel structures
SP 53-102-2004
General regulations for designing steel structures
SNiP 2.03.11-85
Corrosion protection of building structures
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1.2
SUBMITTALS
A.
Product Data:
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Submit two (2) copies, to the Engineer on demand, of the manufacturers test certificates (including mill reports)
verifying that the materials comply with the relevant British Standards for all structural steel, bolting materials
and welding consumables.
B.
Shop Drawings:
1)
The Engineer will supply the Contractor with information necessary for the preparation of his drawings and
documents. If the Contractor discovers any contradiction or ambiguity in the information supplied by the
Engineer then written clarification shall be obtained from the Engineer.
2)
The Contract Drawings referred to herein and those subsequently provided are intended to indicate the
outline of the structure, related elements and structural members to be employed and the standard of detail
required. After consideration of all criteria and his own production arrangements, the Contractor may make
proposals for changes in any of the details, sizes or materials shown or referred to in the Tender
documents. The shop drawings must show fabrication of structural-steel components and include;
a)
Include details of cuts, connections, splices, camber, holes, and other pertinent data.
b)
Include embedment drawings.
c)
Indicate welds by standard BS EN 22553 symbols, distinguishing between shop and field welds, and
show size, length, and type of each weld. Show backing bars that are to be removed and
supplemental fillet welds where backing bars are to remain.
d)
Indicate type, size, and length of bolts, distinguishing between shop and field bolts. Identify pretensioned and slip-critical high-strength bolted connections.
e)
Indicate locations and dimensions of protected zones.

f)
g)
3)
Identify demand critical welds.
For structural-steel connections indicated to comply with design loads, include structural design data.
The Contractor shall provide the following documents:

a)
b)
Two (2) copies of marking plans and details for holding-down bolts, cast-in ferrules and other
embedded items.
Two (2) copies of Shop Drawings.
c)
All connection details including calculations fully describing the method of connection design. Two (2)
copies of each revision of his shop drawings and calculations to the Engineer for review allowing 10
working days for each review. Additional copies of the connection design calculations and the shop
drawings are to be provided for the approvals from authorities.
d)
The shop drawings and calculations shall be prepared by suitably qualified personnel and they shall
also be deemed to have undergone an internal check and been updated as necessary prior to this
release for review. The Contractor's drawing register indicating current revisions is to be kept on site
along with a full set of current drawings.
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Welding procedure details (including testing agency qualification certificates as well as welding
certificates)
f)
Fabrication method statement
g)
Erection marking plans
h)
Erection method statement including calculations The Erection method statement to be submitted
within two (2) weeks of the acceptance of the works contract tender, including details of (with
drawings as appropriate):
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e)
Method and sequence of erection
Allocation of cranage time required
Calculation of erection stresses
Details for any temporary works including fixing details needed to maintain stability during
erection and until permanent works stability is complete, including temporary guys and bracing
proposed for use during erection.
i)
Details of the Quality Assurance Plan for structural steelwork together with full details of the stage
control and inspection documents
h)
As Built Drawings indicating survey information
4)
Two (2) copies of each document shall be submitted to the Engineer for his approval and fabrication shall
not be commenced until such approval has been given in writing. The drawings shall be submitted in
related batches sufficiently in advance of the scheduled fabrication date to ensure that the Engineer has
sufficient time and information to give full consideration to the proposals on the documents and for any
changes to be incorporated and re-submitted for approval. Unless otherwise specified or agreed in writing,
a period of at least 30 days shall be allowed from receipt of the documents by the Engineer to their return.
These approval copies shall be additional to the number of copies of final drawings to be supplied.
5)
All documents submitted for approval shall have already been checked by the Steelwork Contractor and
certified accordingly.
6)
The Engineer will verify the correct interpretation of his requirements but is not responsible for verifying the
dimensions or checking the strength or practicability of the details.
7)
Approval of the documents by the Engineer shall not relieve the Contractor of his obligations. The
Contractor shall be entirely responsible for his drawings including their accuracy (relative to the Engineer's
Contract Drawings) the correctness of detail and the proper design of connections and joints and shall be
responsible for any additional work required as a result of defects in his drawings.
8)
Where the steelwork connects to an existing structure, the Contractor shall verify all dimensions that may
affect fabrication and notify the Engineer in writing of any discrepancies before fabrication
commences.
C.
Qualification Data: For qualified installer, fabricator, professional engineer and testing agency.
D.
LEED Submittals: Refer to section on LEED requirements in Tender Documentation.
E.
Welding certificates.
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Paint Compatibility Certificates: From manufacturers of topcoats applied over shop primers, certifying
that shop primers are compatible with topcoats.
G.
Mill test reports for structural steel, including chemical and physical properties.
H.
Product Test Reports: For the following (but not limited to):
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Bolts, nuts, and washers including mechanical properties and chemical analysis.
II.
Direct-tension indicators.
III.
Tension-control, high-strength bolt-nut-washer assemblies.
IV.
Shear stud connectors.
V.
Shop primers.
VI.
Non-shrink grout.
I.
I.
Source quality-control reports.
J.
Design
I.
The structural steelwork shown on the Contract Drawings and described in this Specification has been
designed to BS 5950 where applicable, unless stated otherwise.
II.
Notwithstanding the details relating to the tender, the Contractor will be responsible for the complete
design of member connections to BS 5950.
III.
Steel grade(s) unless shown otherwise on the Contract Drawings:a)
Sections other than hollow sections S355 to BS EN 10025;
b)
Hollow sections S355 to BS EN 10210.
IV.
The sub-grade of steelwork members shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of Cl
2.4.4, BS 5950.
V.
Complete the design and detailing of connections to BS 5950 to satisfy loading requirements specified
or otherwise calculable from the information given.
K.
Connections and Joints

I.
General
a) The Contractor shall design and detail all steel connections.

b)
Where typical connections are shown on the Engineer's Drawings the Contractor shall satisfy himself
as to their practicability and he shall be at liberty to put forward alternative suggestions for their design.
c)
All connections designed by the Contractor shall be submitted for the Engineer's review. The
Contractor shall provide two (2) numbers of copies of each revision of calculations to demonstrate the
adequacy of connections which he has designed. In addition to other loads, all connections shall be
designed to resist construction loading.
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Connections shall be designed taking account of the effects of any eccentricity on the component parts
of the connection, including welds and bolts.
e)
The Contractor shall not introduce eccentricity into the layout of the members nor into the arrangement
of the connections except as agreed by the Engineer in writing.
f)
Before commencing the workshop drawings the Contractor shall prepare and submit for the Engineer's
approval drawings showing typical details proposed for the connections.
g)
The Contractor shall meet the Engineer approximately 10 days after these drawings have been
submitted, at a time and place agreed by the Engineer, to review these drawings and co-ordinate the
procedure for the approval of workshop drawings.
h)
Simply supported end connections shall provide sufficient flexibility to accommodate the end rotation
of the beam. This flexibility may be provided by movement of bolts in clearance holes or by flexure of
cleats or endplates. Care must be taken to ensure that the welds and bolts are strong enough to resist
the forces necessary to produce such movement or flexure.
i)
In cleated end connections of beams the cleats shall project 2mm beyond the end of the member
unless specified otherwise on the Contract Drawings.
j)
Load carrying connections shall have not less than two bolts of a size appropriate to the member or
else welds giving a similar capacity.
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d)
II.
Welded Connections
a) In addition to meeting the requirements of BS 5950 Part 1, for the design of welds, the guidance given
in Appendix A of BS 5135 shall be applied.
b)
The dimensions of all welds shall be clearly specified on the working drawings using symbols in
accordance with BS 499, Part 2.
III.
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
a)
Unless specified otherwise preloaded high strength bearing type bolts shall be used for all
connections to main structural members and trusses.
b)
Unless specified otherwise, ordinary bolts in clearance holes tightened to the snug tight condition will
be acceptable for connections of such members as wind bracings, sheeting rails and purlins and for
minor secondary members.
c)
Nuts in connections subject to vibration shall be of the self-locking type or provided with lock-nuts,
except where high strength friction grip fasteners are used.
Whenever bolted connections are used, the reduced sectional area of members shall be computed
and the members strengthened if required.
d)
IV.
Connections of Runway Beams and Trolley Beams:

a) Connections of runway beams shall comply with BS 2853. Special attention is drawn to the provisions
of Appendix G of BS 2853 - see Amendment No. 3 (PD 6225). Connections of trolley beams for
window cleaning trolleys and the like shall be designed as for runway beams.
L.
Design Constraints
1. Unless required or permitted otherwise, comply with the following when completing the design and detailing
of the work:
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a) Position members forming bracing systems or girders of lattice construction so that their lines of action
intersect at a point.
c) Not less than two bolts to be used in any connection.
b) Bolts to be grade 8.8 and not less than 16 mm diameter.
d) Weld leg length to be 6mm fillet weld minimum unless notes otherwise.
M.
In order to meet the requirements for erection tolerances under final dead load, and the criteria of BS
5950 for deflections due to live loads, it will be necessary to pre-camber those members or pre-set those
elements that would not otherwise comply. The amount of camber or pre-setting necessary to meet the
requirements of this Specification shall be agreed with the Engineer and shall be shown on the shop
drawings.
1.3
CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS
A.
Section 01 78 00 - Execution and Closeout Requirements: Closeout procedures.
1.4
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
The Contractor shall operate a Quality Assurance System for all stages of the work and all work shall be
in accordance with that system. The Contractor shall have internationally acceptable accreditation to the
approval of the Engineer.
B.
The Contractor shall operate a Quality Assurance System for all stages of the work to the approval of the
Engineer and all work shall be in accordance with the requirements set out in Division 01 Section 01 40
00.
C.
All workmanship, material and tests (where required) shall comply with the appropriate British Standard
and be in accordance with the Contract Drawings all to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
D.
Pre-installation Meeting: Conduct meeting at Project site.
E.
Any Approval by the Engineer does not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities.
F.
COORDINATION
I.
Coordinate selection of shop primers with topcoats to be applied over them. Comply with paint and
coating manufacturers' recommendations to ensure that shop primers and topcoats are compatible
with one another.
II.
Coordinate installation of anchorage items to be embedded in or attached to other construction without

delaying the Work. Provide setting diagrams, sheet metal templates, instructions, and directions for
installation.
G.
INSPECTION AND TESTING

I.
Carry out all inspection and testing in accordance with this section and the relevant standards.
II.
In the event that materials or workmanship fail to comply with the requirements specified herein, carry
out further inspection and testing to satisfy the Engineer. Testing laboratories shall be to the approval
of the Engineer.
III.
Carry out any additional inspection and testing required by the Engineer at Contractor cost.
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Demonstrate to the Engineer that full records are maintained through all stages of the work. Make
these records freely available for inspection by the Engineer at any time.
V.
For inspection timings refer to Appendices to Tender for normal working hours
ACCEPTANCE OF THE ENGINEER
H.
IV.
I.
Obtain acceptance of the Engineer wherever required, in writing before the work is undertaken.
II.
If any deviation is required from any part of this Specification, obtain such approvals in writing before
proceeding with any such deviation.
I.
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
I.
Connections: Provide details of simple shear required by the Contract Documents to be selected or
completed by structural-steel fabricator, including comprehensive engineering design by a qualified
professional engineer, to withstand loads indicated and comply with other information and restrictions
indicated.
II.
Select and complete connections using schematic details indicated and BS 5950.
III.
Moment Connections: Type PR, partially restrained and FR, fully restrained as applicable and as
indicated on the Contract Drawings.
IV.
Construction: All frame types as applicable and as indicated on the Contract Drawings.
J.
DEFINITIONS
Structural Steel: Elements of structural-steel frame, as classified by BS 5950, "Code of Standard Practice for
Steel Buildings" Part 1 and 2
I.
Heavy Sections: Rolled and built-up sections as follows:

1.
2.
3.
II.
Shapes included in BS 4848 Part 4 and 5 with flanges thicker than 38 mm.
Welded built-up members with plates thicker than 50 mm.
Column base plates thicker than 50 mm.
Protected Zone: Structural members or portions of structural members indicated as "Protected Zone"
on Contract Drawings. Connections of structural and non-structural elements to protected zones are
limited.
1.5
DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A.
Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and identification. Keep steel members off ground
and spaced by using pallets, dunnage, or other supports and spacers. Protect steel members and
packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration.
I.
B.
Do not store materials on structure in a manner that might cause distortion, damage, or overload to
members or supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged materials or structures as directed.
Store fasteners in a protected place in sealed containers with manufacturer's labels intact.
I.
Fasteners may be repackaged provided Owner's testing and inspecting agency observes
repackaging and seals containers.
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Clean and re-lubricate bolts and nuts that become dry or rusty before use.
III.
Comply with manufacturers' written recommendations for cleaning and lubricating fasteners and for
retesting fasteners after lubrication.
II.
Deliver materials to the job site properly marked to identify the location for which they are intended.
D.
Use markings corresponding to markings shown on the approved Shop Drawings.
E.
Store in a manner to maintain identification and to prevent damage. Each grade of steel shall be stored
separately.
F.
Particular care shall be taken when transporting, handling or storing parts which have been metal
sprayed, galvanized or painted. If the coating is damaged it shall be restored to comply with the relevant
requirements of Specification for Corrosion Protection for Steelwork.
G.
Each type and grade of bolt and each type and grade of welding consumable shall be clearly identified
and stored separately.
H.
Each type of welding consumable shall be stored in environmental conditions suited to that type.
I.
An assembly, which contains several loose parts, may be identified by a single tag or marking provided
that the whole unit is put together before delivery in such a way that it will not accidentally fall apart.
J.
Holding down bolts shall be delivered to site with the threads protected against corrosion with Type TP
4a Soft-film grease as specified in BS 1133: Section 6. Where specified metal sleeves shall be supplied
in accordance with the Contract Drawings.
K.
Fabricated parts shall be handled and stacked in such a way that permanent damage is not caused to
the components. Means shall be provided to minimize damage to the protective treatment on the
steelwork.
L.
All work shall be protected from damage in transit. Particular care shall be taken to stiffen free ends,
prevent permanent distortion, and adequately protect all machined surfaces. All bolts, nuts, washers,
screws, small plates and articles generally shall be suitably packed and identified.
M.
Do not allow components to swing freely. Use man-made fibre ropes, webbing or chains with clean,
undamaged heavy rubber sheathing to hold and guide the lift into place.
N.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability, adequacy, accuracy and correct assembly of the
structure during all stages of erection.
O.
Throughout the erection of the structure, the steelwork shall be securely bolted or fastened in order to
ensure that it can adequately withstand all loadings liable to be encountered during erection, including
where necessary, those from erection plant and its operation.
P.
Any temporary bracing or temporary restraint shall be left in position until such time as erection is
sufficiently advanced so as to allow its safe removal.
Q.
All connections for temporary bracing, bolts, members, etc, to be provided for erection purposes shall be
made so that they do not weaken the permanent structure or impair serviceability.
R.
Temporary bracing shall be positioned so as to cause the minimum of interference with other trades.
Protection to temporary bracing shall conform to BS 5493.
C.
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Temporary bracing shall be removed by the Contractor and the structure made good as deemed
necessary by the Contract Administrator at the expense of the Contractor.
1.6
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
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S.
Not Used.
2 PRODUCTS
2.1
STRUCTURAL STEEL MATERIALS
A.
Hot-rolled steel: All hot rolled sections must comply with the following BS.
B.
C.
I.
BS-4: Structural steel sections, Part 1 : Specification for hot rolled sections
II.
BS EN 10025: Hot rolled products of non alloy structural steels. Technical delivery
conditions
III.
BS5950 Part 1 Code of practice for design in simple and continuous construction: hot
rolled sections.
IV.
Manufacturer:
V.
Product reference:
VI.
Material: As set forth in BS5950 Part-2.
VII.
Thickness.
Cold-Formed Hollow Structural Sections: All cold formed section must comply with the following BS.
I.
BS5950 Part 5 -Design of cold formed sections.
II.
BS5950 Part 7- Specification for material and workmanship cold formed sections.
III.
Manufacturer:
IV.
Product reference:
V.
Material: Galvanized steel sheet to BS EN 10147.
VI.
Thickness.
VII.
They shall be produced by a reputed manufacturer such as Metsec or equal approved.

They shall be designed and detailed by the Contractor.
Welding Electrodes:
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All electrodes shall have a yield strength, tensile strength, toughness and ductility not less
than those specified for the grade of steel being welded.
Covered electrodes for manual metal-arc welding shall comply with the requirements of BS
639.
When weathering steel is to be welded the welding electrodes shall be of matching
composition to the parent material.
II.
III.
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I.
Plate And Section
a)
1. The dimensions of rolled steel sections shall comply with BS 4: Part 1 or BS 4848. Dimensional tolerances
shall comply with BS EN 10034 or BS EN 10056 as appropriate. The dimensional tolerances for flats round
and square bars shall be as specified in BS EN 10025 Clause 2.2. The tolerances for plate and strip
produced on continuous mills shall comply with BS EN 10051 or BS1449 as appropriate. Tolerances for
plates produced by
non-continuous mills shall comply with BS EN 10029, and thickness class A tolerances shall apply. The
tolerance over or under the nominal thickness shall be equal to half the total thickness tolerance.
2.
All steel in plates and sections shall comply with the Standards listed in Table 1 as appropriate, except that
rimming steel shall not be used. Only new steel shall be used; the surface condition of steel shall be in
accordance with subsection Fabrication - Surfaces.
Standard
BS EN 10025
BS EN 10113
Parts 1, 2 & 3
BS EN 10137
BS EN 10210
Parts 1 & 2
BS EN 10155
BS 7668
Product Type
Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels - Technical delivery
conditions.
Hot rolled products in weldable fine grain structural steels.
Part 1 - General delivery conditions.
Part 2 - Delivery conditions for normalised steels.
Hot rolled quenched and tempered weldable structural steel plates.
Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain structural
steels
Part 1 - Technical delivery requirements
Part 2 - Dimensions, tolerances & sectional properties
Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance.
Technical delivery conditions.
Weldable structural steels.
Hot finished structural hollow sections in weather resistant steels.
Table 1: Standards Applicable to Various Products of Structural Steel

3.
Except where noted or agreed otherwise, the particular grade of steel used shall be determined in
accordance with BS 5950 Part 1 Section 2.4.4 adopting a value of K equal to one.
4. The Contractor shall ensure that the quality of the manufactured steel is in agreement with the aesthetic
appearance requirement of the structure. Where material is required 'free from laminations' it shall be tested
in accordance with BS EN 10160 and agreed by the Engineer. All cap plates and end plates over 25mm
thick are to be laminar free material.
5. Steel supplied to BS EN 10025 shall have the following options invoked by the Contractor at the time of
placing an order for the steel:a) Option 3: The method of deoxidation shall be as given in table 2 of BS EN 10025.
b) Option 5: The carbon equivalent value shall not exceed the values given in table 4 of BS EN 10025.
c) Option 7: The carbon content of steels type S355JO, S355J2, and S355K2 shall not exceed 0.18%
by ladle analysis.
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Option 9: The impact properties of quality JR material shall be in accordance with table 6 of BS
EN 10025 and shall be verified by test.
e)
Option 10: When required by this Specification, or when noted on the Contract Drawings, products
with improved properties perpendicular to the surface shall be supplied in quality class Z35 to BS
EN 10164.
f)
Option 11: Where steel products are to be hot-dip galvanised or hot enamelled then the steel
manufacturers shall be informed of the particular process in order that steel of a suitable condition
is supplied.
g)
Option 12: Specific inspection and testing shall be carried out for all steel products according to
the requirements of clauses 8.2 to 8.9 of BS EN 10025. The inspection document shall comprise
the inspection certificates as defined in BS EN 10021.
h)
Option 14: The verification of the mechanical properties for quality JR steels shall be carried out
by cast.
i)
Option 17: Flat products in grades S355JR and S355JO that are greater than 12.5mm thick shall
be supplied in a normalised or equivalent condition. Any flat product that will be subject to hot
working during fabrication or erection shall be supplied in a normalised or equivalent condition.
Quality grades J2G4 and K2G4 shall not be supplied as an option unless specified by the
Engineer.
j)
Option 22: Any long product that will be subject to hot working during fabrication or erection shall
be supplied in a normalised or equivalent condition.
d)
k)
Option 24: Where sections are to be split during the fabrication process then the steel
producer shall be made aware of this requirement in order that steel of a suitable condition
is supplied.
l)
All plates for outrigger elements shall have option 4 of BS EN 10025 invoked and shall be
delivered in accordance with BS EN 10164 quality class Z35.
m) All plates for outrigger elements shall be subjected to 100% UT inspection as defined in
BS EN 12062. The surface shall comply with BS EN 10160 Class S2 and E2.
6.
Steel to BS EN 10113 Pt3 shall not be used unless specified by the Engineer, in which case the options
required for steel to Pts 1 & 2 shall be invoked. Steel to BS EN 10113 Pts 1 & 2 shall have to the following
options invoked:a)
Option 2: The carbon equivalent value shall not exceed the values given in table 2 of BS EN
10113 part 2 or 3 as appropriate. Unless agreed otherwise with the Engineer, prior to material
ordering, the carbon equivalent value for steel grade S460 to Pt.2 shall be no greater than 0.51%.
b)
Option 4: Only steel of designation NL shall be supplied unless otherwise specified by the
Engineer.
c)
Option 6: When required by this Specification, or when noted on the Contract Drawings, products
EN 10164.
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Option 7: When steel products are to be hot-dip galvanised or hot enamelled then the steel
manufacturer shall be informed of the particular process so that steel of a suitable condition is
supplied.
e)
Option 10: Hard stamping of steel shall not be allowed.
f)
Options 13 & 16: All steel products shall be free from internal defects that would exclude them
from being used for their intended purpose. When option 6 above applies options 13 and 16 shall
also be invoked and ultrasonic testing shall be carried out to BS EN 10164 or Euronorm 186 as
appropriate.
g)
Option 15: Where sections are to be split during fabrication then the steel producer shall be made
aware of this requirement so that steel of a suitable condition is supplied.
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d)
7.
8.
9.
Steel supplied to BS EN 10137 shall have the following options invoked:

a)
Option 2: The product analysis shall be performed to check compliance with Table 1 of BS EN
10137 - part 2.
b)
Option 5: When required by this Specification or when noted on the Contract Drawings, products
EN 10164.
Steel supplied to BS EN 10210 Part 1 shall have the following options invoked.
a)
Option 1.2 and 1.4: The carbon equivalent value shall not exceed the values given in tables A2 or
B2 of BS EN 10210 Pt 1.
b)
Option 1.6: The impact properties of quality JO and JR steel shall be verified by test and shall be
in accordance with tables A3 or B3 of BS EN 10210 Part 1.
c)
Option 1.7: Where steel products are to be hot dip galvanised then the steel manufacturer shall be
informed of the particular process in order that steel of a suitable condition is supplied.
d)
Option 1.9: Specific inspection and testing shall be carried out for all steel products in accordance
with clauses 7.1 to 7.3 of BS EN 10210 Part 1. The inspection document shall include an
inspection certificate of type 3.1B to BS 10204.
Weathering steels supplied to BS EN 10155 shall have the following options invoked by the Contractor at
the time of placing an order for the steel:
a)
Option 4: The carbon equivalent value for grade S355 steel shall be limited to a maximum of
0.52% and for grade S235 steel the CEV limit shall be 0.44%.
b)
Option 6: The impact properties of all steels shall be in accordance with table 6 of BS EN 10155
and shall be verified by test.
c)
Option 7: Specific inspection and testing shall be carried out for all steel products according to the
requirements of clauses 8.2 to 8.9 of BS EN 10155. The inspection document shall comprise of
the certificates as defined in BS EN 10021.
10. Steel supplied to BS 7668 shall have the following options invoked:
a)
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Option B4. The carbon equivalent value shall not exceed the value given in Table B1 of BS 7668.

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11. Steel castings and forgings shall comply with BS3100 and BS29 respectively and shall only be used when
the use of such materials will not be detrimental.
BOLTS, CONNECTORS, AND ANCHORS
A.
Ordinary bolts and nuts shall comply with BS 3692, BS 4190 or BS 4395 Part 1 for hexagon headed
bolts or BS 4933 for cup headed or countersunk bolts. Unless otherwise specified bolts and nuts shall be
of grade 8.8. Only one grade of steel shall be used for each diameter of bolt.
2.2
B.
I.
Ordinary washers shall comply with BS 4320. Plain washers shall be made of steel and
taper or other special shaped washers shall be of steel or malleable cast iron.
II.
Bolting materials that have been sheradised or otherwise coated shall be manufactured
and coated to give a satisfactory fit between the finished bolt and its nut.
III.
High strength friction grip bolts, nuts and washers shall comply with BS 4395 Part 1.
IV.
Galvanising, sheradising, or electroplating of nuts, bolts and washers shall be carried out
only by the manufacturer of these items.
V.
All bolts, nuts and washers shall be spun galvanised, or as otherwise approved. Prior to
any work being undertaken the Contractor shall confirm in writing that the finish is
compatible with the steel finish and the environment.
VI.
Where specified, the nuts used on connections subject to vibration shall be secured to
prevent loosening. Self locking nuts or an approved chemical product shall be used or else
the nuts shall be secured by the use of locknuts. Where slotted holes are provided for
movement connections the joint shall be free to move.
VII.
When bolts are intended for use at service temperatures below -20 deg C, they shall have
minimum impact strength of 27J in accordance with BS EN ISO 898-1 under such
temperature as outlined in National Structural Steelwork Specification for Building
Construction (NSSS), Clause 2.4.2.
Direct-Tension Indicators:
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I.
Standard: To BS 7644-1.
II.
When placed under bolt head, prevent bolt turning when tightening.
III.
When placed under nut, protect nibs with a hardened washer and prevent both washers
from turning when tight.
IV.
Manufacturer: to be agreed with the Contractor unless specified on the Contract Drawings.
V.
Product reference: to be agreed with the Contractor unless specified on the Contract
Drawings
VI.
Grade: Appropriate for grade of bolt and nut assembly.
VII.
Finish: Appropriate for specified bolt and nut assembly.
VIII.
Ancillary components: Washers to BS 7644-2. Used as recommended in BS 7644-1,

Annex A.

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D.
E.
F.
Shear Stud Specification:

Shear studs shall be in accordance with BS EN ISO 13918.
II.
If required and unless stated otherwise on the Contract Drawings, shear studs are to be
proprietary studs manufactured from low carbon steel with a minimum yield point of
350N/mm2, ultimate tensile strength of 450N/mm2 and elongation of 15% on a gauge
length of 5.65 A when tested in accordance with BS18. Shear Studs will have a shank
diameter of 19mm and a height to suit the slab thickness with a minimum height of 100
mm after through deck welding.
I.
C.
Post installation and inspection treatment: Where no further protective coating is

specified, apply a butyl rubber sealing compound to seal measuring gap around indicators.
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IX.
Shear Stud Welding:

I.
Welders to be certified by the equipment manufacturer or other recognised authority as

competent for the work.
II.
Top surface of the flange to be free from mill scale, rust, grease, oil, paint and any other
substance detrimental to welding. Ensure that flange is clean prior to laying decking.
III.
Prefabrication primer and other paints should not be used in areas to be welded.
Shear Stud Testing

I.
Before stud welding is commenced, the welding procedure should be checked by trial
welding under site conditions. These trials should cover the full range of flange
thicknesses and stud sizes to be used. Where welding through profiled steel sheets is
required, this should be included in the welding trials.
II.
In these trials a minimum of two studs should be welded for each case. These studs
should be cold bent manually to an angle of 30 degrees by means of a 1.3m steel tube
placed over the stud. Test bending should always be in the direction of the span of the
beam. Hammer impact testing is not allowed. If failure occurs in the weld zone of either
stud, the welding equipment should be adjusted and the test repeated.
III.
All shear studs to be ring tested by tapping lightly with a small hammer. Properly welded
studs will ring soundly whilst imperfectly welded studs will give dull sound.
IV.
Any studs indicating weld implication should be tested to 15 degrees from the vertical. If
the weld does not fracture, the stud should be considered acceptable. If the weld facture
occurs a replacement stud should be fixed slightly away from the imperfect area
V.
Sleeves: Bolt sleeves shall be made from mild steel sheet and shall not allow the passage
of cement grout into the tube. The gauge thickness of steel appropriate to the sleeve
diameter will be shown on the bolt schedules. The length of the sleeve shall be accurate
within a tolerance of plus or minus 3mm and the diameter within plus or minus 5mm. The
ends of a sleeve shall be square to its centre line.
Bolts
Cast-In Holding Down Bolts

I.
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For the purposes of this Specification the length of a holding down bolt shall be taken as
the overall length excluding the head (or clear of the bottom nut in the case of a fabricated
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bolt) i.e., the sum of the embedded length, the projecting length and the thickness of the
anchor plate.
Manufactured Bolts
Bolts obtained from bolt manufacturers shall comply with the requirements of BS 3692 or
BS 4190 as appropriate.
II.
Nuts shall comply with the requirements of BS 3692 or BS 4190 as appropriate and shall
be of at least the recommended strength grade corresponding to the strength grade of the
bolts. Nuts shall be of normal standard thickness; thin nuts shall only be used as locknuts.
III.
Unless specified otherwise bolts shall be of strength grade 4.6 with nuts of strength grade
4 or higher.
I.
Fabricated Bolts
G.
I.
Where bolts are fabricated from plain round bar the threads shall be ISO metric, coarse
pitch series, free fit as specified in BS 3643. Both ends shall be threaded and the nut at
the bottom end shall be welded in place to prevent it from turning. The diameters used
shall be those for standard bolts quoted in BS 3692 and BS 4190 as appropriate.
II.
The weight of the bar shall be within plus or minus 2.5% of the weight appropriate to the
true cross sectional area. The bolt shall be straight within a tolerance of 2mm per metre
length of the bolt, with a minimum tolerance of 2mm. The overall length shall be accurate
within a tolerance of plus or minus 3mm, the bottom nut being so positioned that the length
shall be within a tolerance of minus zero and plus 5mm. The threaded length shall be
accurate within a tolerance of minus zero and plus 20mm.
III.
Nuts shall comply with the requirements of BS 3692 or BS 4190 as appropriate and shall
be of a strength grade such that the specified proof load stress of the nut is not less than
the specified minimum ultimate tensile strength of the bolt material, except that the nuts of
strength grade 4 may be used with bolts of grade 43 steel to BS 4360. Nuts shall be of
normal standard thickness; thin nuts shall only be used as locknuts.
IV.
Unless specified otherwise, bolts shall be of grade 43 steel to BS 4360 with nuts of
strength grade 8.8 or higher.
Anchor Plates:
I.
H.
Unless specified otherwise, anchor plates shall be fabricated from grade 43 steel to BS
4360. Anchor plates shall be accurate in plan size within a tolerance of minus zero and
plus 10mm; the thickness of plate shall be within normal rolling margins as specified in BS
4360. Anchor plates shall be sufficiently flat and free from warping to prevent grout from
entering at the bottom of the sleeve (if used). The positions of slugs welded to the
underside of anchor plates shall be accurate within a tolerance of plus or minus 1.0mm.
Washer Plates:
I.
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The washer plates which are welded to the heads (or bottom nuts) of smaller diameter
bolts to prevent them from turning between the slugs on the anchor plate shall be grade 43
steel to BS 4360 unless specified otherwise. Washer plates shall be accurate in plan size
within a tolerance of plus 2mm and minus 3mm and the corners shall be square within a
tolerance of plus or minus 2. The thickness of plate shall be within normal rolling margins
as specified in BS 4360. The plates shall be flat and free from warping.

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Washers:
Unless specified otherwise standard washers shall be normal diameter black mild steel
washers to BS 4320. Where the holes in the base plate are larger than normal clearance
holes, special washers will be required to details shown on the schedules; unless specified
otherwise these special washers shall be fabricated from grade 43 steel to BS 4360.
I.
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I.
2.3
PRIMER
Comply with Section 099113 Part A

A.
B.
Finishes Generally:
I.
Once applied the finish should not in any way slump, flow, crack, flake, split, sag, pit,
bubble, blister, float, effloresce, craze, shrink, break, wrinkle, or crinkle.
II.
Thinners shall not be added to paint to change in any way its constitution or consistency
unless agreed by the Engineer.
III.
All finishes should be durable, of uniform texture and colour and should be resilient.
IV.
All finishes should be uniform in texture, colour and appearance within the limits of the
agreed samples and without irregularities or distortion. Finish coatings shall match the
colour and gloss of the agreed control samples.
V.
There shall be an interval of at least 24 hours between successive coats of painting or as

recommended by the Engineer.
Suitability of Conditions:
I.
II.
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Do not apply coatings:

a.
To surfaces affected by moisture or frost.
b.
Unless the steel temperature is at least 3C above the dew point with conditions
stable or improving.
c.
Unless the relative humidity is below 85%.
d.
When heat is likely to cause blistering or wrinkling.
e.
Take all necessary precautions including restrictions on working hours, providing

temporary protection and allowing extra drying time, to ensure that coatings are not
adversely affected by climatic conditions before, during and after application.
f.
Application of coatings will be taken as joint acceptance by the Contractor and

Subcontractor of the suitability of surfaces and conditions within any given area.
Applying Coatings:
a.
Multiple coats of the same material must be of a different tint to ensure that each coat
provides complete coverage.
b.
Apply coatings to clean, dust free, suitably dry surfaces in dry atmospheric conditions
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Apply coatings evenly to give a smooth finish of uniform thickness and colour, free
from brush marks, nibs, sags, runs and other defects.
d.
Keep all surfaces clean and free from dust during coating and drying. Adequately
protect completed work from damage.
Film Thickness:
III.
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c.
IV.
a.
Check the thickness of each coat during application using a wet film thickness wheel
or comb gauge in accordance with BS EN ISO 2808
b.
After each coat has dried measure the total accumulated dry film thickness using a
magnetic or electromagnetic meter, checked against standard shims and recalibrated
regularly against a smooth steel reference plate, the number and position of
measurements to be as directed by the Engineer. If requested carry out the testing in
the presence of the Engineer. Submit written reports to the Engineer.
c.
Over any square metre of coating the average accumulated dry film thickness must
equal or exceed the specified thickness, with no reading less than 75% of the
specified thickness.
d.
If at any stage the accumulated dry film thickness is deficient, the Engineer may
require application of additional coat(s) at no extra cost.
e.
The Dry Film Thickness (DFT) of the top coat must be sufficient to give an even, solid,
opaque appearance.
f.
Where a minimum DFT has been specified any areas found to be below the specified
figure will be made good at no extra cost.
Stripe Coat
a.
V.
Colour of Top Coat

a.
VI.
Stripe coating of any flanges or edges, external angles, nuts, bolt heads, rough weld
seams, and any areas that are difficult to access is to be carried out by brush prior to
the spray application of the specified primer.
To be selected by the Engineer (unless already specified). Colour of preceding coat to

be as recommended by the paint manufacturer to suit the top coat colour.
Junctions with Concrete:

a.
Where exposed steelwork is partially embedded or encased in concrete, apply two

coats of an approved bituminous coating locally to the steel/concrete junction as
instructed by the Engineer.
2.4
GROUT
A.
Grouts used for bedding steel bases or bearing plates on concrete foundations shall be agreed with the
Engineer. A high strength, non shrink or expanding type of proprietary cementitious compound for
grouting is required.
B.
The Contractor shall design the mix for the grout such that the grout has sufficient bearing capacity for
the loads to be transferred through it.
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Foundations are to be pre-soaked with water the day prior to grouting of a base plate.
D.
The Contractor is to ensure that prior to pouring the grout the areas is free from water and debris such as
oil, grease or adherent material. If the concrete surface is defective, it must be cut back to a sound base.
Bolt holes are to be blown clean of dirt.
E.
The Contractor must demonstrate that there are no gaps, and that no cracks develop once the grout has
been poured.
2.5
FABRICATION
A.
Structural Steelwork
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C.
B.
I.
Inform the Engineer when fabrication is due to start 2 weeks before commencement.
II.
Before fabricating, ensure that surface condition of steel which is to be coated complies
with requirements for cleaning given elsewhere in this Specification.
III.
Ensure that fabrication processes do not cause changes in properties of materials

resulting in non-compliance with specified requirements.
IV.
Trial assemblies shall be carried out in general and for any large truss elements in
particular.
V.
The size of the assemblages shall be determined by the Contractor to the approval of the
Engineer and shall be sufficient to ensure that fit up and erection tolerances can be
achieved on site.
VI.
Any material identification marks which have been hard stamped into the
be cut off in the course of fabrication.
VII.
All measurement shall be made by a steel tape related to a standard tape which has been
certified to be correct at 20C. The tape and the steel to be measured shall be at the same
temperature and proper precautions shall be taken to tension the tape correctly.
VIII.
All plates, bars and sections shall be flat, straight and free from twist within the tolerances
specified in the relevant British Standard and NSSS, unless more stringent tolerances are
specified on the Engineer's Contract Drawings (e.g. structural movements for cladding and
movement joints, floor vibration and building tolerances). Any flattening or straightening
required to achieve the required tolerances or to satisfy fit-up requirements shall be carried
out before any other work is done on that item. The method adopted for such work shall be
such as not to deface or weaken the material.
material shall
Thermal Cutting and Machining
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I.
Steel may be sawn, sheared, cropped or machine flame cut. Where it is impractical to use
machine flame cutting, the use of hand flame cutting shall be subject to the approval of the
Engineer, who may require dressing or other treatment of the cut edges, depending on the
details of the joint or member. All flame cutting shall be subject to agreement.
II.
Where notches are necessary they shall have smooth arced internal corners, produced by
drilling holes not less than 20mm diameter before cutting the rest of the notch or by
carefully controlled flame cutting.
III.
All burrs left by sawing, cropping or shearing shall be removed before fabrication or
assembly. All sharp arises shall be removed by light grinding.
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The Contractor shall inform the Engineer of members on which he will be using shearing
or flame cutting and in cases where steel so cut is specified as being subject to dynamic or
fatigue loading or liable to brittle fracture, the sheared or flame cut edges shall be
machined to a depth to be agreed by the Engineer.
V.
The ends of compression members at splices, caps or bases, dependent on contact for
the transmission of compressive stress, shall be prepared so that the butting faces are in
contact over at least 50% of the bearing area except for small clearances not exceeding
0.25mm. Over the remaining area the gap shall not exceed 0.50mm. Base and cap plates
and other bearing surfaces shall also be prepared to the same standard.
VI.
Members shall be adequately supported in both the vertical and horizontal planes during
cutting or machining to ensure that the prepared ends are square to the axis of the
member.
VII.
All plates 25 mm thick and over which are to be connected using high strength friction grip
(HSFG) or fully tensioned fasteners shall be checked for bowing or 'ripples'; if these
defects are present they shall be eliminated before dispatch to site.
VIII.
In HSFG or fully tensioned connections all surfaces which have been machined shall be
grit blasted in such a way as to provide a slip factor of not less than 0.45.
IX.
Fitted Plates and Stiffeners: The ends of fitted plates and stiffeners shall be accurately
sawn or sheared and ground to fit tightly between the flanges or parts to be stiffened. The
maximum gap shall not exceed 0.25 mm.
X.
Smithed Work: All forging shall be performed in such a manner as not to impair the
strength of the metal. The metal shall not be worked after it has fallen to a 'blue heat'.
XI.
Base plates Provide 25 mm diameter holes in all base plates more than 1 m2 in area to
allow the escape of air when grouting after erection of columns.
IV.
C.
BOLT HOLES:
I.
Holing shall be in accordance with BS 5950 Part 2 (or BS 4604: Part 1 in the case of holes
for friction grip bolts). All 'burrs' and 'rags' shall be removed.
II.
Slotted holes shall either be punched in one operation or else formed by punching or
drilling two round holes and completed by high quality flame cutting and dressing, to
ensure that the bolt can travel the full length of the slot freely.
III.
Circular holes for bolts shall not be flame cut.
IV.
Cut, drill, mechanically thermal cut, or punch standard bolt holes perpendicular to metal
surfaces.
D.
Finishing: Accurately finish ends of columns and other members transmitting bearing loads.
E.
SHEAR CONNECTORS: Prepare steel surfaces as recommended by manufacturer of shear connectors.

Use automatic end welding of headed-stud shear connectors according to the relevant British Standard
and manufacturer's written instructions.
F.
STEEL WALL-OPENING FRAMING: Select true and straight members for fabricating steel wall-opening
framing to be attached to structural steel. Straighten as required to provide uniform, square, and true
members in completed wall framing.
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HOLES: Provide holes required for securing other work to structural steel and for other work to pass
through steel framing members.
I.
Cut, drill, or punch holes perpendicular to steel surfaces. Do not thermally cut bolt holes or
enlarge holes by burning.
II.
Base plate Holes: Cut, drill, mechanically thermal cut, or punch holes perpendicular to
steel surfaces.
III.
Weld threaded nuts to framing and other specialty items indicated to receive other work.
G.
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2.6
SHOP CONNECTIONS
A.
Bolted Connections
I.
Bolting up with Close Tolerance Bolts: Holes for close tolerance bolts shall be drilled and
reamed. Where the holes are not drilled through all thicknesses in one operation, the parts
to be joined together shall be accurately lined up with parallel drifts of a diameter not
greater than the nominal size of the hole and not smaller than 0.15 mm less than the
nominal diameter and the holes then reamed. A close tolerance bolt shall be fitted in each
hole reamed and tightened before the next hole is reamed. All bolts shall be re-tightened
after the last bolt has been fitted.
II.
Bolted Movement Connections: Slotted holes for movement connections shall be provided
with shouldered bolts, spring washers and flat washers.
III.
Correcting hole alignments: Drifting to align holes shall not enlarge the holes or distort the
metal. Holes which cannot be aligned without distortion shall be a cause for rejection
unless enlargement by reaming is specifically approved by the Engineer.
IV.
Provision of washers:
V.
B.
a.
Washers shall be provided at slotted holes and elsewhere as specified. With metal
sprayed steelwork a washer shall always be provided under both head and nut.
b.
Square taper washers shall be provided for all bolts where the bolt head or nut is
bearing on a surface at an angle to the bolt axis greater than 93 or less than 87.
Bolting Metal Sprayed or Galvanised Steelwork: Ordinary bolted connections on metal

sprayed or galvanised steelwork shall be made using spun galvanised or sheradised bolts,
nuts and washers except where connecting coated steelwork to black steelwork.
Weld Connections:
Welding shall comply with the requirements and recommendations of BS 5135 (and associated revised
equivalent standards) except as otherwise directed in this Specification and on the Contract Drawings.
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
I.
The Contractor shall determine the welding procedure details to meet the requirements of
this Specification, including the requirements of Inspection and Quality Control.
II.
Unless otherwise specified, T-butt welds shall be reinforced by equal-leg fillet welds of leg
length equal to a quarter of the thickness of the thinner plate joined, but not less than 3mm
nor greater than 10mm.

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Where the steelwork is to be blasted and metal sprayed or galvanised after fabrication,
cleats and other solid attachments welded to the member shall be welded all round to seal
the unprotected surface.
IV.
Welding procedure details for steels not complying with BS EN 10025, BS EN 10155, BS
EN 10113, or BS EN 10210 - Grades S275 or S355 shall be agreed with the Engineer
before fabrication is started, on the basis of weld procedure tests in accordance with BS
EN 288.
V.
Except as otherwise specified, the fit up of elements before welding shall conform to the
recommendations for manual welding given in the note in clause 11.1 of BS 5135.
VI.
The root edges or root faces of butt welds shall not be out of alignment by more than 15
percent of the thickness of the thinner material but not greater than 3mm.
VII.
The Contractor shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Engineer that the proposed
weld procedure details are derived from procedures which have already been approved.
Where weld procedure tests are required to be performed to demonstrate this, the tests
shall be in accordance with BS EN 288.
VIII.
All welders shall be suitably qualified and experienced for the work on which they are
employed and shall have satisfied the relevant requirements of BS EN 287 or BS 4872:
Part 1 as appropriate. The Contractor shall keep records identifying the welder for each
welded joint. Copies of welders' qualifications shall be provided by the Contractor when
requested by the Engineer.
IX.
Welded attachments for fabrication or erection purposes shall be subject to the Engineer's
approval and shall be clearly shown on the Shop Drawings.
X.
Unless otherwise specified, all welds shall not be undersized. Butt welds shall have a
uniform convexity up to a maximum of (weld size/5) or 3mm whichever is lesser. Concave
fillet weld shall have a throat thickness not less than 0.7 times the specified leg length.
Convex fillet welds shall have a throat thickness not more than 0.9 times the actual leg
length. All welds shall have a smooth surface.
XI.
In addition to the above requirements, all welds on steelwork which is not clad shall be
ground smooth.
XII.
Site Welding: Site welding is not permitted unless shown on the Contract Drawings or
otherwise approved. When permitted, the Contractor shall ensure suitable, safe working
conditions. Do not weld when surfaces are wet or when the ambient temperature is below
0C. A method statement is required for prior review detailing all procedures for
management and control of site welding procedures. All site welding to be subject to 100%
testing. All site welding shall be 100% tested using Visual Testing (VT), Magnetic Particle
Inspection (MT) and digital Ultrasonic Inspection (UT). Engineer reserves right to ask for
further Radiographic Inspection (RT) of the thick joints.
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III.
C.
Marking
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
I.
Each piece of steel shall be uniquely identified throughout the fabrication process.
II.
Each piece of steelwork shall be distinctly marked before dispatch in accordance with the
marking drawing prepared by the Steelwork Contractor. Where applicable it shall also be
given other marks and symbols to assist erection at site, by showing from which works it
has come and to which crane or area it is to be delivered.

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The location of marks on members shall be consistent and shall be such that the marks
are clearly visible both before and after erection.
IV.
Painted marks shall be applied using a paint that is compatible both in colour and
chemically with the final site anti-corrosion treatment.
V.
The method of marking steelwork which is to be supplied to site fully painted shall, unless
specified otherwise, be as agreed with the Engineer.
VI.
The painting of the Contractor's name or other advertising matter on steelwork is not
permitted. Any such advertisement must be in the form of labels which are to be removed
after the steel arrives on site.
VII.
The marking of Safe Working Load on runway beams shall comply with BS 2853.
VIII.
Where high strength bolts and threaded rods are used, additional marking must be visible
which will identify the strength of these. The manufacturers standard markings will suffice
provided that they can be easily read on site before the bolts are fixed.
IX.
Marking of steel which is to be blast cleaned, pickled, metal sprayed or galvanised to be by

an approved method which cannot be obliterated.
X.
Hard stamping must not be used except where specified on the drawings by the Engineer.
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III.
2.7
SHOP PRIMING
A.
Shop prime steel surfaces except the following:
B.
I.
Surfaces embedded in concrete or mortar.

members to a depth of 50 mm.
Extend priming of partially embedded
II.
Surfaces to be field welded.
III.
Surfaces to be high-strength bolted with slip-critical connections.
IV.
Surfaces to receive sprayed fire-resistive materials (applied fireproofing).
V.
Galvanized surfaces.
Surface Preparation as Per BS:
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
I.
Steel surfaces shall not be more heavily pitted or rusted than Grade C of BS 7079 Part A1.
Any major surface defects shall be reported to the Engineer and his instructions followed.
II.
Any minor surface defects such as surface laminations, blow holes and crevices exposed
by blast cleaning shall, subject to the approval of the Engineer, be made good as specified
in BS EN 10025, BS EN 10113, BS EN 10155, BS 7613, BS EN 10210 or BS 7668 as
appropriate.
III.
Surfaces which become inaccessible after fabrication or assembly, such as the inside of
structural hollow sections and other box sections, shall be sealed off from the outside
atmosphere by continuous welds unless specified otherwise.
IV.
Hollow members which are to be galvanised shall have vent holes. These shall be large
enough to ensure internal galvanising or if so specified shall be sealed after the member
has been galvanised.
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Contact surfaces, other than those where HSFG fasteners are to be used, shall be treated
as required by Section 05 80 00 Corrosion Protection for Structural Steelwork. The
Contractor shall check the faying surfaces in steel 25 mm thick or more for deformities
such as bowing, twist or rippling which may reduce slip factor to below design limit. The
Contractor shall agree remedial measures with the Engineer.
VI.
Where specified on the Contract Drawings machined surfaces shall receive an approved
coat of travel varnish within four hours of machining.
C.
V.
Priming: Immediately after surface preparation, apply primer according to manufacturer's written
instructions. Use priming methods that result in full coverage of joints, corners, edges, and exposed
surfaces.
I.
Stripe paint corners, crevices, bolts, welds, and sharp edges.
II.
Apply two coats of shop paint to surfaces that are inaccessible after assembly or erection.
Change color of second coat to distinguish it from first.
D.
Painting: Prepare steel and apply a one-coat, non-asphaltic primer complying with SSPC-PS Guide
7.00, "Painting System Guide 7.00: Guide for Selecting One-Coat Shop Painting Systems," to provide a
dry film thickness of not less than 0.038 mm.
2.8
GALVANIZING
A.
Hot-Dip Galvanized Finish: Apply zinc coating according to Section 099113 Part A
B.
Fill vent and drain holes that will be exposed in the finished Work unless they will function as weep holes,
by plugging with zinc solder and filing off smooth.
2.9
SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Comply with pertinent provisions of the relevant British Standards.
B.
Constituent materials shall be obtained from suppliers operating quality systems in accordance with
either ISO 9001 or an in-house system approved by Engineer.
C.
If it is found necessary to substitute alternative sections for any of the steel sections specified then the
written approval of the Engineer for the substitution and for the amendments to the Contract Drawing
showing the substitution shall be obtained before fabrication is commenced.
D.
Lamination Testing
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
I.
Except in the case of special plate with through thickness properties guaranteed by the
manufacturer, all plates and sections 25mm or over in thickness shall be ultrasonically
tested for laminations, and shall meet the acceptance criteria of level B6 to BS 5996.
II.
Other plates may be specified to be ultrasonically tested for laminations. Unless otherwise
specified they shall meet the requirements of level B6 to BS 5996.
III.
Welded joints that cause high tensile through thickness strains to occur (as discussed in
Appendix G of BS 5135), shall be fabricated from steel that meets the quality level Z35 of
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For all steel plates and sections which will be subject to through-thickness stresses, the
Contractor shall carry out non-destructive testing on the steel to ensure that the affected
zones are free from laminations and inclusions. Table 5, 18 and 19 of BS 5135 shall be
used to determine acceptance levels for steel products.
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IV.
Welding shall meet the requirements stated in subsection Materials - Welding and shall be subject to the
inspection and testing requirements stated in subsection Inspection and Quality Control.
F.
Requirements for a welding plan.

Before commencement of the work, the Fabricator shall forward a welding plan for the work to Engineer
for review and comments. The welding plan shall adhere to all requirements in BS EN 1090-2 section
7.2.2.
E.
3 EXECUTION
3.1
EXAMINATION
A.
Verify, with steel Erector present, elevations of concrete- and masonry-bearing surfaces and locations of
anchor rods, bearing plates, and other embedments for compliance with requirements.
B.
Prepare a certified survey of bearing surfaces, anchor rods, bearing plates, and other embedments
showing dimensions, locations, angles, and elevations.
C.
Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2
PREPARATION
A.
Provide temporary shores, guys, braces, and other supports during erection to keep structural steel
secure, plumb, and in alignment against temporary construction loads and loads equal in intensity to
design loads. Remove temporary supports when permanent structural steel, connections, and bracing
are in place unless otherwise indicated.
B.
Do not remove temporary shoring supporting composite deck construction until cast-in-place concrete
has attained its design compressive strength.
3.3
ERECTION
A.
Method of Erection
I.
The Contractor shall submit a detailed Method Statement to the Engineer for approval
prior to erection. When necessary to amplify the information given in his Method
Statement, the Contractor shall prepare Erection Drawings for approval by the Engineer.
II.
Erection of the steelwork shall be carried out in a safe manner and the work shall be
arranged in such a manner as to facilitate phased hand over of the steelwork for
subsequent operations.
B.
The Contractor shall supply adequate plant, tools, service bolts, drifts, bolt tightening devices and other
equipment to ensure that the steelwork is correctly erected in accordance with the programme.
C.
Transport, Storage, Handling and Attachments
FOR TENDER
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Care shall be taken when transporting, storing, handling or erecting all material to ensure
that no part is damaged. Damage to any part of the structure either before or during
erection shall immediately be brought to the notice of the Engineer. Damaged material
shall be rectified or replaced. No part that has been damaged shall be assembled into the
structure without the written approval of the Engineer.
II.
Steelwork to be stored shall not be placed directly on the ground. It shall be stored in such
a manner as to avoid water retention.
III.
Particular care shall be taken when transporting, handling or storing parts which have
been metal sprayed, galvanised or painted. If the coating is damaged it shall be restored to
comply with the relevant requirements of the Specification for Corrosion Protection for
Steelwork 05 80 00.
IV.
Lifting points shall be suitably wrapped and protected and steel slings shall not be allowed
to come into direct contact with coated steelwork.
V.
Welded attachments shall not be employed unless they are clearly shown on the Shop
Drawings.
D.
E.
F.
I.
Foundations
I.
All the necessary anchorage materials which are to be built into the foundations shall be
supplied to site in time to meet the agreed programme.
II.
Immediately after the foundations are available the Contractor shall satisfy himself that the
foundations have been correctly formed and that the holding down bolts have been
accurately set and have the full amount of play shown on the Contract Drawings and shall
inform the Engineer accordingly, in writing.
Temperature Effect
I.
Due account shall be taken for the effects of temperature on the structure and on tapes
and instruments when measurements are made for setting out, during inspection and for
subsequent dimensional checks. The reference temperature shall be 20 deg C.
II.
In setting out and erecting continuous structures proper adjustments shall be made as
approved by the Engineer to counteract dimensional discrepancies owing to temperature
variations.
III.
Where stanchion bases are to be cast into pockets formed in concrete foundations, any
horizontal steel members which tie the stanchions together shall be fixed first and the
stanchions shall then be lined, leveled, plumbed and concreted in and the concrete in the
pockets allowed to harden before fixing the rest of the steelwork to them.
IV.
Except where specified otherwise, sliding joints shall be treated with molybdenum
disulphide grease before erection.
V.
The Contractor shall limit the temperature effects during erection by adequately controlling
the temperature of the element using thermal insulation or an alternative system approved
by the Engineer. He shall demonstrate that the change in temperature of any element or
elements shall not cause undue effects on the structure
Lining and Leveling
FOR TENDER
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The permanent welding or bolting up of connections shall not be carried out until a
sufficient portion of the structure has been erected and temporarily connected up, to
ensure that there will be no straining of members during the erection and lining up of the
remainder of the structure.
II.
Adequate temporary bracing shall be provided and left in position until such time as the
building is sufficiently far advanced for such bracing to be no longer required.
III.
Packs for leveling up stanchions shall be shown on the drawings submitted for the
Engineer's approval. At least three sets of packs shall be used for each stanchion. The
number of packs provided shall be 25% in excess of the theoretical requirement.
IV.
Packs shall not be larger than is necessary for their purpose, they shall be sawn and not
sheared or flame cut. Packs shall not protrude unduly from the stanchion base; they shall
be grouted in and the grout shall totally enclose them.
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I.
G.
H.
Grouting up of Structures
I.
The Engineer shall be informed when stanchions or other members have been lined,
levelled and plumbed and no grouting or concreting-in shall be done until the Engineer has
approved the alignment and plumbing.
II.
Following such approval the Contractor shall immediately grout the base plates and
concrete in the stanchions or other members.
Composite Columns
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
I.
Welding to Concrete Filled Columns: Primary load bearing structural components shall be
welded to the column before commencing to fill with concrete. Subject to the approval of
the Engineer, the welding of relatively small lugs and fittings after filling may be allowed.
N/A
II.
Column Welded Splices: To allow welding to take place, the concrete filling shall be
stopped at a level approximately 250mm below the top of the column. The next column
length can then be spliced into place using a full penetration butt weld with a backing ring.
Following this, concrete filling can be resumed.
III.
Bolted Flange Joints: When a flanged connection is used, the flange shall be welded to the
column before filling. When flanges are used at both ends of a column length at least one
flange shall have to incorporate an aperture for filling. In order to ensure complete filling
under this flange, the maximum size of any lip shall not exceed 15mm.
IV.
Preparation for Concrete Placing

a.
Surfaces to receive concrete shall conform to Specification for Corrosion Protection

for Steelwork: Internal - Concrete encased.
b.
All loose material and debris shall be removed from the bottom of the column. Any
free water which may have collected at the bottom shall also be removed.

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3.4
FIELD CONNECTIONS
A.
HSFG Bolted Connections
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Care shall be taken to ensure that all HSFG bolts, nuts, washers etc. are maintained in
good condition. Particular care shall be taken to ensure that the threads of bolts and nuts
are free from damage, grit, corrosion or any condition necessitating excessive torque to
obtain the required tension. The Engineer's approval shall be obtained before lubricating
the threads should this be necessary. Care must be taken in applying lubricant to the
threads as it is essential that no lubricant gets between the contacting surfaces of the
steelwork. Plumber's Tallow is recommended for this purpose; oil shall not be used.
II.
The faying surfaces shall be prepared to achieve a slip-factor of not less than 0.45. The
Contractor shall demonstrate compliance with this requirement in accordance with the BS
4604 test method. Galvanised and metal sprayed surfaces shall always be lightly grit
blasted. Painted surfaces shall be prepared in accordance with Section G2 - Metal
Coatings and the Corrosion Protection Schedule.
III.
Assembly shall be in accordance with BS 4604: Part 1. The faying surfaces shall be kept
completely dry for assembly.
IV.
General grade HSFG shall be tightened by the Part-Torque, Part-Turn method in

accordance with the procedure described in System A below or by using load indicating
washers in accordance with the procedure described in system B below.
V.
System A - Part-torque, Part-turn Method of Tightening
I.
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
a.
After assembly all the bolts in the joint shall be tightened with the required bedding
torque, to ensure that the parts of the joint are brought into good contact with each
other, using a calibrated tightening device such as a break-back spanner or a torque
controlled impact wrench.
b.
The appropriate values of the bedding torque to be used in each case will depend
on the actual conditions of the bolts and other factors and will be agreed with the
Engineer in each case. It may be necessary to conduct trials on site and facilities
shall be made available by the Contractor for this purpose.
c.
During the tightening of any one joint, the first few bolts tightened may relax and it
may be necessary to tighten each bolt more than once until the bedding down
torque is achieved.
d.
After bedding down, the parts joined together must be in close contact over their full
area, with no signs of distortion in any of the parts. This stage of tightening is not
intended as a corrective for faulty workmanship in the assembled plies.
e.
After bedding down the joint each nut and bolt shall be permanently marked with a
cold chisel on one side of the nut and on the protruding thread of the bolt in one
continuous line. This marking is to record their subsequent relative positions.
f.
Before final tightening is carried out the Engineer shall be informed so that he may
check that the bolts have been correctly bedded down.
g.
A tolerance of +20% on the specified bedding down torque will be permitted to allow
for slight variations in the calibration of the devices used for tightening and checking.

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When permission to proceed has been obtained from the Engineer the bolts shall be
further tightened so that the nut is turned relative to the bolt shank by the amount
given in Table 3 of BS4604 Part 1.
i.
After completion of the turn of the nut the Engineer shall be informed so that he may
check that the nut has been turned the correct amount relative to the bolt.
VI.
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
System B - Tightening using Load Indicating Washers
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h.
a.
The load indicating washers shall be used in conjunction with HSFG bolts
manufactured in accordance with BS4395 Part 1.
b.
The Contractor shall ensure that the load indicating washers do not jam on the
shanks of the bolts. This can be checked before installation by placing the load
indicating washer upside down on the bolt (i.e. with the protrusions away from the
bolt head). If the washer does not turn freely on the shank right up to the underside
of the bolt head, the washer or the bolt, whichever is at fault, shall be rejected.
c.
The load indicating washer shall preferably by fitted with the protrusions bearing
against the bolt head. If this is not possible, it may be fitted against a special nut
face washer fitted against the nut.
d.
Where a hardened taper washer is necessary the bolt shall preferably be fitted in
such a way that the taper washer can be placed between the nut and the steelwork
or, if this is not possible, the taper washer may be placed between the load
indicating washer and the steelwork.
e.
Where the load indicating washer is fitted under the head of the bolt care must be
taken that the head of the bolt does not turn during tightening.
f.
Where it is necessary to use the special nut face washers the manufacturers
instructions on assembly shall be carefully followed to ensure proper functioning of
the load indicating washer in this position.
g.
No methods other than the above shall be used.
h.
After assembly all the bolts in the joint shall be tightened to a "snug tight" condition,
to ensure that the parts of the joint are brought into good contact with each other.
Snug tight is defined as the tightness attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench
or the full effort of a man using a spanner. Alternatively the bolts shall be tightened
to a specified bedding torque as in System A, subsections a. and b.
i.
During the tightening of any one joint, the first few bolts tightened may relax and it
may be necessary to tighten each bolt more than once until the bedding down
torque is achieved.
j.
After bedding down, the parts joined together must be in close contact over their full
area, with no signs of distortion in any of the parts. This stage of tightening is not
intended as a corrective for faulty workmanship in the assembled plies.
k.
Before final tightening is carried out the Engineer shall be informed so that he may
check that the bolts have been correctly bedded down.
l.
When permission to proceed has been obtained from the Engineer each bolt shall
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normal assemblies or 0.25 mm maximum against a nut face washer. The gaps shall
not be reduced to less than 0.10 mm.
m. After completion of the tightening the Engineer shall be informed so that he can
check that the gaps have been closed to within the limits.
The time, torque and amount of turn required to obtain the specified gap shall be
observed and these should remain substantially constant for similar bolts.
o.
Where excessive time or turn or unusual force is required to reduce the gap the
reason for this shall be sought and rectified before proceeding with the work.
n.
VII.
VIII.
High Strength Bearing Type joints.

a.
For bearing type joints an applied finish on the contact finishes shall be permitted.
b.
The procedure for tightening bearing type joints shall be the same as for HSFG
bolts.
Tightening of Galvanised or Plated Nuts and Bolts

a.
IX.
B.
C.
D.
Care shall be taken to ensure that coating materials do not strip off and jam the
threads as this will give a false indication of torque.
In the case of contact surfaces of HSFG bolted connections receiving paint; slip resistant
test shall be performed to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
Site Bolting
I.
All site bolting shall meet the relevant requirements stated in this Specification.
II.
Bolting up and final tightening of bolts shall be carried out progressively as the erection,
alignment and grouting proceeds in order to release the steelwork and the area under it for
subsequent operations.
III.
Care shall be taken not to damage bolts by over-tightening.
Site Welding
I.
Where site welding is required the requirements stated in subsection Fabrication - Welding
shall be met and the welding shall be subject to the inspection and testing requirements
stated in subsection Inspection and Quality Control. Special attention shall be paid to the
safety of welders working on site.
II.
Due precautions shall be taken against inclement weather. Welding shall not be carried
out during rain except under cover and with adequate protection against ingress of water
to the zone to be welded. Electrodes shall be kept dry and stored in an appropriate
environment.
III.
Gas shielded welding shall only be carried out with adequate protection from wind and
draughts.
Co-ordination with other trades
FOR TENDER
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The erection of the structural steelwork shall be co-coordinated with all trades and parties
involved and it shall not delay to the overall building programme. The Contractor shall be
responsible for co-coordinating information between his Sub-Contractors to allow
production of steelwork to proceed according to programme.
II.
The Contractor shall not cut, drill or otherwise alter the work of other trades, or his own
work to accommodate other trades unless such work is clearly specified on the Contract
Drawings. Whenever such alteration is required, written acceptance from the Contract
Administrator shall be obtained for details of such alterations.
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I.
E.
Installation of Holding Down Bolts

I.
The Contractor shall provide such temporary or permanent supports as are necessary to
ensure that all bolts are cast in position within the requirements of this Specification. All
bolts shall be held rigidly in position at top and bottom. Permanent supports which project
outside the finished concrete shall be cut away to the Engineer's approval. Steel templates
with supports independent of the shuttering or reinforcement shall be used for bolts
exceeding 48mm diameter and/or length exceeding 1 metre.
II.
The Contractor shall provide plugs at the top of bolt sleeves to prevent ingress of debris
into the sleeve and to prevent any washer of lesser diameter than the sleeve from falling
into the sleeve.
III.
The levels of the tops of all holding down bolts shall be accurate within a tolerance of
minus zero and plus 12mm.
IV.
When the bolts have been cast in, the bolt threads and the nut shall either be coated with
grease as specified in the subsection Delivery, Storage and Handling and then wrapped
with a suitable thickness of flexible PVC sheeting to BS 1763, properly tied on, or else
wrapped with two layers of Denso tape.
V.
Once cast in position, bolts shall be protected by the Contractor against damage from any
source until hand over. Where it is necessary for vehicles to run over areas where there
are projecting bolts, the Engineer may direct the Contractor to provide temporary mass
concrete, timber sleepers, or other suitable approved provisions to protect the bolts
against damage.
VI.
Bolts Rigidly Cast In
VII.
a.
Where holding down bolts are cast rigidly into concrete, unless a greater degree of
accuracy is called for on the Contract Drawings, the position of the centre of the bolt
in plan at any level within the length of the bolts shall be accurate within a circle of
6mm diameter, the centre of which is on the intersection of the true ordinates of the
bolt.
b.
Unless a greater degree of accuracy is called for on the Contract Drawings bolts
shall not deviate from a plumb line by a slope greater than 1 in 150.
Bolts in Sleeves
a.
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
The position of the centre line of the bolt in plan at the top and bottom and at any
level within the length of the bolt shall be accurate within the tolerances given in
Table 2 or Table 3 as appropriate. After the bolts have been concreted in and the
top has been pulled over to its true position, the slope specified in the appropriate
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Where tolerances to Table 3 are required, this will be indicated on the Engineer's
Contract Drawings, otherwise Table 2 applies.
c.
The centre line of the bolt shall be free to move laterally at the top of the bolt within a
circle of 30mm diameter, the centre of which is at the specified position of the bolt.
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b.
VIII.
Other Requirements
a.
The Contractor shall survey the holding down bolts and other cast-in elements and
manufacture templates to ensure proper fit-up when the steelwork is erected.
Oversize holes shall be provided in the bolt boxes to facilitate erection.
b.
Holding down bolts may be cast solidly into the concrete without sleeves. A
bituminous coating may be applied to the bolts to facilitate prestressing by the
Contractor. During pre-stressing, jacking shall be repeated until it has been
demonstrated that relaxation of shear stresses within the bituminous coating has
taken place.
Bolt Length in mm
Tolerance in mm
4
300
6
450
8
600
10
750
12
900
14
1050
16
1200
18
1350
20
1500
22
1650
24
1800
26
1950
28
over 1950
Final Slope :
1 in 75 (Maximum)
Table 2 Positional Tolerance for Holding Down Bolts in Sleeves for slab type base plates.
Bolt Length in mm
450
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
2700
3000
over 3000
Final Slope :
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13.06.12
Tolerance in mm
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
1 in 50 (Maximum)

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Electrical Continuity for Lightning Protection
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Table 3 Positional Tolerance for Holding Down Bolts in Sleeves - for thick castings and for base plates where
the bolts pass through holes at two levels.
All structural steel elements shall be electrically continuous and connected to the concrete
reinforcement by means of a flexible copper earth bond.
II.
The system and its installation shall comply with BS 6651.
I.
G.
H.
I.
Column Bases
I.
The Contractor to raise or lower the steelwork to the levels specified on the Contract
Drawing(s) using sawn steel packs or folding wedges not larger than necessary for the
purpose.
II.
The packs shall be positioned symmetrically around perimeter of base plate. The
Contractor is to avoid using a single central pack.
III.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer when the space beneath any column base is less
than 10mm or over 40 mm greater than the specified dimension.
IV.
The Contractor to check accuracy of erection and correct all errors before filling and
bedding beneath bases and carrying out any other adjacent work.
Mortar Filling/Bedding of Column Bases

I.
The bolt pockets shall be completely filled with neat cement slurry and the space beneath
column base plates with grout or mortar as follows:
II.
Spaces 25 to 50 mm deep: Mortar of 1:1 cement: sand, just fluid enough to pour and well
tamped as filling proceeds.
III.
Spaces 50 to 80 mm deep: Damp mortar of 1:2 cement: sand, well tamped against
properly fixed supports as filling proceeds.
IV.
Cement: Portland cement to BS 12, Class 42.5N or Class 52.5N.
V.
Sand: To BS 882, Grading limit M.
Movement Joints
3.5
I.
The sliding surfaces shall be coated with molybdenum disulphide grease before
connecting.
II.
The Contractor to ensure that bolts are in centre of slotted holes after erection of structure
and that the joint is free to move.
PREFABRICATED BUILDING COLUMNS
Install prefabricated building columns to comply with the relevant British Standard, manufacturer's written
recommendations, and requirements of testing and inspecting agency that apply to the fire-resistance rating
indicated.
FOR TENDER
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3.6
FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.
Supervision & Inspection of Welding
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Only certified welders can be employed to carry out welding work.
II.
The contractor shall appoint welding supervisors whose competence and qualifications
shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer and all welding work shall be carried out
under their direction.
I.
a.
B.
C.
D.
The Contractor shall co-ordinate his activities so that all inspection work can be
carried out before the removal of scaffolding and before the welds are covered by
painting or field coating.
Testing Of Welds
I.
The whole of the total length of each full strength butt weld shall be examined by
radiography or other approved non-destructive testing method and approved by the
Engineer. Non-destructive tests are to be carried out on all other major welds by the
Contractor and he shall carry out radiographic examination if instructed by the Engineer.
II.
Defective welding revealed by testing shall be made good to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at the cost of the Contractor.
Criteria for Tests

I.
Visual examinations One hundred percent (100%) of the welded joints,
II.
Ultrasonic or drilling method One drill hole for 50 m of welded joint and not less than 50
mm for each 50 m of welded joints,
III.
X-ray and Gamma-ray examination Two per cent (2%) of the length of weld made by
manual or semi-automatic machines and One per cent (1%) of the weld if made by
automatic welding machines (flux welding, shielded arc welding, electro-slag automatic
welding). However, important joints such as the joint between two tapering girders located
near the inclined column-support shall be tested beyond these limits 10% of the length of
the weld shall be tested.
Lamination Testing
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
I.
Except in the case of special plate with through thickness properties guaranteed by the
manufacturer, all plates and sections 25mm or over in thickness shall be ultrasonically
tested for laminations, and shall meet the acceptance criteria of level B6 to BS 5996.
II.
Other plates may be specified to be ultrasonically tested for laminations. Unless otherwise
specified they shall meet the requirements of level B6 to BS 5996.
III.
Welded joints that cause high tensile through thickness strains to occur (as discussed in
Appendix G of BS 5135), shall be fabricated from steel that meets the quality level Z35 of
BS EN 10164.
IV.
For all steel plates and sections which will be subject to through-thickness stresses, the
Contractor shall carry out non-destructive testing on the steel to ensure that the affected
zones are free from laminations and inclusions. Table 5, 18 and 19 of BS 5135 shall be
used to determine acceptance levels for steel products.
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Setting out and Erection Tolerances
b.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the correct positioning and the correct levels
of the structure.
c.
Unless otherwise specified the tolerances for position and level of the steelwork
shall be:
a.
Positions of columns at base:

Deviation of section centreline from the specified position
Level of base plate:

Level of the underside of a column base plate.
Not to deviate from the specified level by more than

5mm.
Space beneath base plate:
Not less than 10 mm and not more that 40 mm.
Space to the underside of a column base plate.

Overall plan dimensions:
True overall dimension :L < 30 metres D = 20mm
L > 30 metres D = 20mm + 0.25 (L 30) mm
L is the maximum building dimension in metres.
Deviation in length or width, D.
Single storey columns plumb:

Deviation of top relative to base, excluding portal frame
columns, on main axes.
lesser
Multi- storey columns plumb:
Deviation at each storey and maximum deviation relative to
base.
lesser
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Deviation relative to next column on a line parallel to the grid

line when measured at base or splice level.
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Alignment of adjacent perimeter columns:
Beam level:
Deviation from specified level at supporting column.
Level at each end of same beam:

Relative deviation in level at ends.
The level of the top of the steelwork is not to vary by more than
0.1% of the length unless noted otherwise on the Contract
Drawings.
lesser
Level of Adjacent Beams within a Distance of 5 metres:

Deviation from relative horizontal levels (measured on
centreline of top flange).
FOR TENDER
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Beam Alignment:
Horizontal deviation relative to an adjacent beam above or

below.
Position on Plan:
Horizontal deviation of members other than columns.
Overall vertical alignment (foundation to roof)
Position relative to a local grid established at a particular
level
Not to deviate from their specified position on plan

(relative to the columns to which they are connected) by
more than 5 mm.
50mm
5mm
Profile Steel Floor Decking:

Deviation of dimension between deck edge trim and perimeter
beam.
Note: Deviation (as shown) between actual beam centreline
and intended beam centreline arises from other permitted
tolerances.
The Contractor is responsible for ensuring the steelwork is erected within the above tolerances prior to any
work being undertaken by following on trades. The Contractor shall obtain approval of methods of rectification
before starting modification or remedial work.
E.
As Built Drawings
F.
A detailed survey of erected steelwork levels is to be carried out by the Contractor not more than 3 days
after the erection of steelwork and prior to the commencement of works by following contractors.
G.
The Contractor shall submit survey information to the Engineer for review allowing 3 working days for
their review.
H.
On completion of the Contract, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with CD ROM (AutoCAD 2005
format) and a set of paper prints of As Built drawings comprising:
I.
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General arrangement drawings.

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Work Package 4
Shop Drawings
III.
Drawings made after fabrication revisions.
IV.
The fabrication drawing register.
V.
The Contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer that full records are maintained through
all stages of the work and these records shall be freely available for inspection by the
Engineer or his representatives at any time.
VI.
The Contractor shall allow the Engineer and an independent inspection authority access at
any reasonable time to his works and to those of any suppliers to enable inspection of the
work to be carried out during fabrication. The Contractor shall provide all facilities, hand
tools, lighting etc as necessary to ensure adequate inspection.
VII.
The inspection and acceptance of materials and fixings, etc, by the Engineer shall not in
any way relieve the Contractor of his own responsibilities for ensuring that the materials
and fixings are sound and of the requisite quality.
VIII.
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer 14 days prior to completion of the fabrication of
the elements in order that, if necessary, inspections or tests may be carried out by the
Engineer at the Contractors works prior to dispatch of steelwork to site.
IX.
All welds which are uneven in size or are oversized shall be rejected if in the opinion of the
Engineer they will prove unsuitable in their final state. All such welds shall be made good
at the Contractor's expense.
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3.7
INSPECTION AND QUALITY CONTROL
A.
General
FOR TENDER
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I.
The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out all inspection and testing in
accordance with this Specification.
II.
In the event that materials or workmanship fail to comply with the requirements of this
Specification any further inspection and testing which is necessary to satisfy the Engineer
shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Testing laboratories shall be accredited where
appropriate.
III.
Additional inspection and testing ( on-site as well as off-site) may be required by the
Engineer.
IV.
The Contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer that full records are maintained through
all stages of the work and these records shall be freely available for inspection by the
Engineer or his representatives at any time.
V.
The Contractor shall allow the Engineer and an independent inspection authority access at
any reasonable time to his works and to those of any suppliers to enable inspection of the
work to be carried out during fabrication. The Contractor shall provide all facilities, hand
tools, lighting etc as necessary to ensure adequate inspection.
VI.
The inspection and acceptance of materials and fixings, etc, by the Engineer shall not in
any way relieve the Contractor of his own responsibilities for ensuring that the materials
and fixings are sound and of the requisite quality.

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The Contractor shall notify the Engineer 14 days prior to completion of the fabrication of
the elements in order that, if necessary, inspections or tests may be carried out by the
Engineer at the Contractors works prior to dispatch of steelwork to site.
VIII.
All welds which are uneven in size or are oversized shall be rejected if in the opinion of the
Engineer they will prove unsuitable in their final state. All such welds shall be made good
at the Contractor's expense.
IX.
The bolt supplier shall visit the project site or fabrication plant if bolt installation is to be
performed during the bolting start-up to demonstrate proper installation procedures and
verify inspection procedure with the Contractor, Erector and Employer's testing agency.
The Contractor shall distribute written verification of the visit to the attending parties,
Employer and Engineer.
X.
Each person installing connections shall be assigned an identifying symbol or mark and all
shop and field connections shall be so identified so that the Employer's testing agency can
refer to the person making the connection.
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VII.
B.
Inspection and Testing of Welding

I.
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
The Contractor shall undertake to carry out his own in-house quality control to prove and
maintain the quality of the fabrication to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractors
attention is drawn to the following:
a.
The Engineer shall nominate an independent inspection agency to monitor the

quality control of all work carried out. All such related costs shall be deemed to be
included in the tender sum. Approval by the Engineer of the nominated inspection
agency shall be sought at the tender pre-award stage.
b.
Prior to commencing all fabrication, the Contractor shall attend a pre-fabrication

meeting with the inspection agency and the Engineer to determine the acceptability
of the in-house testing and the details of the welder approvals and weld procedures
required together with other relevant matters.
c.
Where the Engineer requires any tests to be carried out that are not provided for in
this Specification, such tests shall be carried out by the Contractor, but the costs are
to be met by the Contractor only if the materials or construction are not in
accordance with the Specification.
d.
The results of all tests and inspections shall be submitted to the Engineer for review.
e.
The Contractor shall carry out inspection and testing of welding to meet the
requirements and recommendations of BS 5135, except as otherwise directed in the
Specification and on the Contract Drawings. Welds shall be inspected and tested in
accordance with Tables 4 and 5. Testing procedures shall be in accordance with BS
2600, BS 2910, BS 3923 or equivalent approved.
f.
All welds shall have 100 percent visual inspection to BS 5289 in addition to the
requirements given in this Specification and Contract Drawings.
g.
Inspection and testing by the Contractor shall be carried out by suitably qualified and
experienced staff to the approval of the Engineer and all in accordance with the
relevant British Standards listed in this Specification. Testing shall be carried out by
an independent and accredited laboratory approved by the Engineer.

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Every facility shall be given to the Engineer or his representatives or such inspector
or testing agencies as he may appoint to visit at all reasonable times all places
where work is being carried out and to inspect and test the steelwork during all
stages of preparation, fabrication and trial assembly.
Special - All welds on

steelwork which is not
clad
Requirements
The weld shall not be undersize. Butt welds shall have a uniform
convexity up to a maximum of weld size/5 or 3mm whichever is
the lesser. Concave fillet welds shall have a throat thickness not
less than 0.7 times the specified leg length. Convex fillet welds
shall have a throat thickness not more than 0.9 times the actual
leg length. All welds shall have a smooth surface.
The above requirements apply. In addition, all welds shall be
ground smooth.
Weld Category
Normal - All welds
unless otherwise
stated below
h.
Table 4: Requirements for Inspection & Testing of Welds (& Steel Products at Zones Subject to Through
Thickness Stresses) in accordance with BS 5135 Table 17
Quality Category
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Location of Weld
None
Canopies
All primary steel work not covered above
All secondary steel work
Table 5: Particular Requirements for Weld Profile & Surface Finish

i.
When trial assembly is specified it shall be carried out in the Contractor's works to
the extent required by the Engineer to prove the accuracy of the workmanship.
j.
When parts which have to fit together are manufactured in different works or for any
reason cannot be matched before dispatch to the site, the Contractor shall make
adequate provision to ensure a correct fit by providing checking jigs or other suitable
means satisfactory to the Engineer.
k.
A minimum of 5 working days advance notice shall be given to the Engineer of the
Contractor's intention of making a trial assembly.
l.
When random (less than 100 percent) volumetric non-destructive testing of welds is
specified, it shall be ensured that the positions tested are fully representative of all
aspects of the welding.
m. The particular method of non-destructive weld testing, selected by the Contractor,

shall be sufficiently sensitive to allow the proper detection of defects and
interpretation of results appropriate to the quality category.
n.
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
When random (less than 100 percent) volumetric non-destructive testing of welds
reveals unacceptable defects in a joint, all previously untested joints in the group
represented shall be tested until it is established to the satisfaction of the Engineer
that the cause of the defects has been demonstrated and the defects eliminated.
This may require 100 percent testing.

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Any work which does not comply with the requirements of this Specification shall be
rectified promptly to the satisfaction of the Engineer including any further inspection
and testing which he requires.
p.
Inspection by the Engineer or his representative shall not relieve the Contractor of
his responsibility to perform his own quality control operations to ensure that all work
meets the Specification nor of his responsibility to rectify all defects including any
which appear or are found subsequently.
q.
Copies of welding inspection reports shall be provided by the Contractor when

requested by the Engineer.
r.
All tests to be carried out by a NAMAS accredited laboratory.
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C.
D.
Inspection and Testing of Shear Stud Welding

I.
All studs shall be visually inspected. They shall show a full 360 collar.
II.
At locations agreed with the Engineer a minimum of 5% of studs shall have a bend test.
III.
The bend test shall be made by striking the head of the stud with a 6 kg hammer until it is
displaced laterally a distance of about one quarter the height of the stud. The stud weld
shall not show any signs of cracking or lack of fusion.
IV.
Studs subjected to the bend test shall not be straightened.
V.
Defective Studs
a.
Studs with defective welding shall be removed by flame cutting or gouging at a point
not less than 3 mm from the surface of the parent material.
b.
The residual stud material shall be ground flush and the affected area visually
inspected. When thickness of the parent material is greater than 20 mm it shall also
be checked by magnetic particle inspection.
c.
Acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with the Specification.
d.
Studs shall not be removed by hammering.
Testing Runway Beams, Trolley Beams and Supports for Permanently Installed Suspended Access
Equipment
FOR TENDER
13.06.12
I.
The testing of runway beams shall be carried out in accordance with BS 2853 and all
Statutory requirements. The Steelwork Contractor shall provide all labour, materials and
equipment necessary for the test. When the runway beams are ready for testing the
Engineer shall be informed and the tests shall be carried out in the presence of the
Engineer or his representative and all relevant approval bodies, including the Health and
Safety Executive and Insurance Representatives.
II.
Trolley beams for window cleaning trolleys and the like shall be tested as runway beams.
III.
Supports for Permanently Installed Suspended Access Equipment shall be tested to meet
the requirements of BS 6037.
IV.
All beams and supports shall be marked to show the safe working load where this is not
clearly indicated on the lifting equipment itself.
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Products
A copy of tests certificates for all project steelwork is to be retained by the Contractor for
review by the Engineer upon request.
I.
REPAIRS AND PROTECTION
A.
Defective Work. As soon as possible after any part of the work or any materials are known or suspected
to be defective, submit proposals to the Engineer for further testing, inspection or replacement and
obtain instructions.
3.8
END OF SECTION
FOR TENDER
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Page 47 of 47


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FOR TENDER

05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing R2

Works Tender No. A560101/2011/T/014

SECTION 05 12 00 SRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING

Prefabricated building columns.

05 12 23 Structural Steel for Buildings

05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing R2

Works Tender No. A560101/2011/T/014

The use of structural steel in buildings

Method for radiographic examination of fusion welded butt joins in steel

Methods for radiographic examination of fusion welded circumferential butt

Specification for cold rolled steel sections

ISO Metric screw threads

Methods for ultrasonic examination of welds

ISO Metric black hexagon bolts, screws and nuts

Metal washers for general Engineering purposes

Weldable structural steels

Hot rolled structural steel sections

Works Tender No. A560101/2011/T/014

Approval testing of welders when welding procedure approval is not required

Arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels

Visual inspection of fusion welded joints

Steel, concrete and composite bridges

Safety in erecting structural frames

Structural use of steelwork in buildings

Permanently installed suspended access equipment.

Method for magnetic particle flaw detection

Welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections

Method for penetrant flaw detection

Code of Practice for protection of structures against lightning.

Recommendations for dimensions of metallic materials

Through thickness reduction of area of steel plates and wide flats.

Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products

Weldable structural steels. Hot finished structural hollow sections in weather

Approval testing of welders for fusion welding.

Approval of welding procedures for metallic materials

Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials

Guide to Site Welding

National Structural Steel work specification for Building Construction.

05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing R2

Works Tender No. A560101/2011/T/014

Execution of steel structures and Aluminium Structures.

General Technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products

Structural steel I and H sections Tolerances on shape and dimensions.

Charpy impact test on metallic materials

Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles

Hot rolled products in weldable fine grain structural steels

Continuously hot dip zinc coated plate and strip

Structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance. Technical

Ultrasonic Testing of Steel Flat Product of Thickness Equal or Greater Than 6

Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the

Metallic products. Types of inspection documents.

Standards for Design Works Part 11:Steel structures

General regulations for designing steel structures

Corrosion protection of building structures

05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing R2

Works Tender No. A560101/2011/T/014

Include embedment drawings.

Indicate locations and dimensions of protected zones.

Identify demand critical welds.

The Contractor shall provide the following documents:

05 12 00 Structural Steel Framing R2