Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Todays Moderator
Lola
AmitOlabode
Pramanik, PhD, BCEEM
WERF
Program
Director
Senior Program
Director,
WERF
Wastewater Treatment & Reuse
Industry
Utilities
Map courtesy
UMCES/EcoCheck
Potential
for re-use
Immobilization
techniques
Photo-bioreactors open or
closed
Phycoremediation - Challenges
WRRF footprint
Existing WRRF reactors are large and deep =
light limitation for algal growth
Natural temperature and pH fluctuations in
WRRFs
Prevent wash out of algal biomass Growth >
HRT
Separation and/or harvesting of algae and treated
WW
Research Solutions
removal
Immobilize algae to facilitate separation
Natural polymers sodium alginate
Apply as a biofilm
Optimize light availability
Surface vs submerged
Research Solutions
Monitor pH
Monitor temperature
Monitor N:P ratios
Research Approach
Algal Selection
Mixed algal suspension from WRRF
Chlorella spp.
Desmodesmus spp.
Algal Immobilization
Embed as beads, strands, or layers in sodium alginate
Attach to biofilm carriers
Optimization
Temperature - 15, 20, 25, 30C
Light supply surface, submerged wavelength specific
LEDs, side-emitting fiber optics
Mixing/aeration
pH/CO2 concentrations Important
P requirements N:P varied
Parameters Measured
Doubling time
Preliminary Results
First experiments focused on growth of algae on
reduction (HRT = 12 h)
Research Findings
120
100
HRT = 12h
HRT = 6.5h
No added
CO2
Red LEDs
10%
bead/eff.
80
Blue
LEDs
Bead
Re-use
60
40
20
High
NH4
0
13
14
15
16
17
18
Experiment #
19
20
21
Research Findings
Chlorella is versatile
submersible LEDs
Research Findings
Controlling pH important, optimal range = 7 7.5
successful N removal
Pilot-scale is the next stop, must take into
consideration the engineering side
Engineering Evaluation
Dr. Chris Wilson,
Greeley and Hansen
Technical Basis
Operational Basis
Financial Performance
Sustainability
Technological verification
Project team requirements
Performance
Denitrification
Filters with
MeOH
Level of Development
C. Technological Maturity
Naturally
Immobilized
Algae
Level of Development
Denitrification
Filters with
MeOH
Sequesters a fraction of
Sequesters nutrients in a
Converts nutrients to a Converts nutrients to a
Sequesters nutrients in a
nutrients into a
form that is directly
form and releases them
benign form that is
form that requires
Nutrient Recycling
beneficially reusable form
usable as a nutirent
additional processing prior
in way that is detrimental
released to the
while releasing a fraction
source such as feed or
to beneficial use
to the environment
environment
in a benign form
fertilizer
Produces precursors to
Produces byproducts that
Produces valued chemical
Produces no beneficial
valued chemcial
Produces valued
Generation of High Value
have limited market value
feedstocks that require
byproducts that may be
feedstocks that require
chemical feedstocks that
Chemical Feedstocks
or potential for beneficial
cleanup and separation
recovered
additional conversion
are directly usable
use out of the WWTP
prior to use
prior to use
C. Beneficial Product Reuse
Naturally
Immobilized
Algae
Nutrient Recycling
Sequesters a fraction of
Sequesters nutrients in a
Sequesters nutrients in a
nutrients into a
form that is directly
form that requires
beneficially reusable form
usable as a nutirent
additional processing prior
while releasing a fraction
source such as feed or
to beneficial use
in a benign form
fertilizer
Produces precursors to
Produces byproducts that
Produces valued chemical
Produces no beneficial
valued chemcial
Produces valued
have limited market value
feedstocks that require
byproducts that may be
feedstocks that require
chemical feedstocks that
or potential for beneficial
cleanup and separation
recovered
additional conversion
are directly usable
use out of the WWTP
prior to use
prior to use
Overall Technology
Standard error reflects
relative uncertainty for each
process (Unknown
Process)
Denit. Filters rate well
because they are at a
higher level of development
Algal techniques rate high
also because of
sustainability factors
Evaluation Matrix
Operational
Evaluation Matrix
Financial
Sustainability
Evaluation Matrix:
Conclusions
Target
Requirements
Monitoring
Costs
Benefits
HRT
Maintenance
Flexibility
pH
pH = 7 7.5
pH, algal
growth, nutrients
N:P
N:P = 16
Additional P (if
necessary)
N and P concentrations
relative to algal growth
Adding P
Relax upstream P
removal if applicable
Light
Submersible LEDs
Algae
separation
No algae present in
final effluent
Screens/separation
technology
Maintenance
Nutrient recovery
Drying
techniques
Dried biomass
Dried biomass
Energy demand
necessary for drying
Utility Perspective
Dr. Charles Bott, Hampton
Roads Sanitation District, VA
Utility Perspective
Most algae research has considered:
Considerations
Possible use for polishing
Relax P removal upstream
Re-route CO2 emissions
Incinerator
power plant
upstream bacterial process
Pilot Testing
Size = 50 200 gal
HRT < 6 hrs
Traditional bioreactor designs
Consider alginate beads and algae growing as
biofilm
Evaluate harvesting, drying, and nutrient
recovery options
Seek funding
partners and
manage research
on high-priority
research projects
Subscriber dues
also fund
research on
innovative
concepts/ideas
Solicited
Research
Unsolicited
Research
Targeted
Collab.
Research
Grant
Based
Research
Questions?
Acknowledgements: Mulholland laboratory,
WERF, WEF, HRSD, Greeley-Hansen, Chris
Schweitzer, Shalni Kumar