Identifying and Recognizing Patterns and Relationships

Listening Game
Songs
Frozen
Wrecking ball
Dark horse
I love rock and roll
Thriller

Where is the love

Dont stop believing
Somebody that I used
to know
Gangnam style

Speech
conversation in foreign language/dialect
inaudible recording
very loud voice
Others
animal sounds
static
alarm clock
footsteps
ringtone

Report

Brain
primary tool involved with factors that affect listening

When do we attempt to recognize patterns?

We know for a fact that humans do not have an absolutely allencompassing brain function in which total knowledge of
everything has been grasped.
As humans who can think, what do we do to compensate for
such inability? We attempt to recognize patterns and
relationships in order to give light to something that is unknown
to us. We spontaneously associate and compare particular
subjects with previously encountered features (perhaps
situations, objects, and people) that are relatively similar to the
matter. As these factors influence our interpretations, this then,
becomes the basis through which our judgment and decisions
are formulated.
Happens often automatically
IN LISTENING: We attempt to decipher the spoken words and
interpret them by recognizing patterns and relationships, among
other, in order for us to better establish our ideas towards the
subject and for effective understanding.

Auditory Analysis
process of comparing the sounds that are heard with the ones
that are familiar to the listener
sounds are recognized according to their similarities and
differences
o sounds can also be organized into perceptually
meaningful elements
o sounds may be innate (involuntarily and immediately
understood) or just familiar (needs to engage with the

knowledge of familiar patterns and concepts; requires

some analysis of these heard sounds to understand)
o sounds have been developed in our auditory systems
through experience

Quote to easily explain:

" hearing every sound: the rustle of the leaves, the clear
splashing of the spring, the whistling of the birds, the crack of dry
twigs under the tread of unseen animals. And farther away he heard
the whispering of the wind through the dry grass ... while golden
eagles soared, crying, high above the crags. He listened to this
multifarious harmony, and amidst all those sounds and noises, he
heard the song of a child."
Hans Bemman

Examples:
in a wild party
in a noisy classroom
in a very animated ball game
Other definition
the ability to identify phonemes or morphemes embedded in
words
ability to break down what has been heard into smaller parts.
This includes breaking up words into syllables, and sounds.
e.g.: elephant = e-le-phant and e-l-e-ph-a-n-t.

1. Phonemes the smallest unit of speech that can be used to

make one word different from another word. The smallest
sound unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinct
meaning, such as the s of sing and the r of ring.
2. Morphemes - smallest component of word, or other linguistic
unit, that has semantic meaning

The word unladylike consists of three morphemes and four

syllables.

Morpheme breaks:
un- 'not'
lady '(well behaved) female adult human'
-like 'having the characteristics of'

None of these morphemes can be broken up any more

without losing all sense of meaning. Lady cannot be broken up
into "la" and "dy," even though "la" and "dy" are separate
syllables. Note that each syllable has no meaning on its own.

Reference:
http://spandh.dcs.shef.ac.uk/research/asa.html

Mental Reorganization

Adults Retain:
10% of what they read
20% of what they hear
30% of what they see
50% of what they see and hear
70% of what they talk over with others
80% of what they use and do in real life
95% of what they teach someone else to do


A second means of identification and recognition is that of
mental reorganization, a process that is typically used with less
meaningful material. In using mental reorganization, the listener
employs a system that will help him/her retain and structure the
incoming sounds.

For example, the listener may syllabify a word or

name, pronouncing it to himself/herself. When presented
with a long series of numbers or letters, the listener will
attempt to think of them in groups of two, three, or four
elements. When given a telephone number by the
information operator, he/she is likely to chant the number
as he hangs up and then dials it. In other words, a
listener employs mental reorganization when he groups,
decodes, or mentally rehearses a sound sequence.

Examples:
plate number of cars
music/song heard on the radio (you listen to a part of the song
and you try to remember the lyrics so you can google it at
home)
telephone number of fastfood restaurants (8-mcdo, 77777),
hope
functional groups
name of medicines
newly introduced persons name

In listening, ideas are also identified, interpreted,

and evaluated. Identification is hearing. The sounds are
recognized, taken in, and analyzed. In interpretation,
actual listening takes place. The listener begins some
mental reorganization. He/she compares what he/she is
hearing to his/her own mental content.

The listener categorizes and retains the information

he/she gathers from the speaker for future access. The result allows
the person to record information about people, object, and events for
later recall.

It is thus important to note that the listeners

memory of a message can be improved by processing it
meaningfullythat is, by applying it in ways that are
meaningful to the listener.

References:
Casebeer, K. L. Listening Skills: Caught or Taught?
Taylor, S. E. Listening 6-10 (1964).

Association

 Upon hearing certain sounds, a listener already links these

sounds with previous experiences, memories, and backgrounds
In relation to the activity:
Soundsin this case notes, are linked to certain memories.
There were instances where we knew the song immediately
because it was still fresh from our memories, or because it was
a part of many of our experiences, making it familiar than most
of the sounds

Examples:
Sounds of alarm clock
Childhood favourite cartoon song
Theme song for couples
Typing sounds made you remember that you left an unfinished
homework
Rustling of leaves is associated to the wind
Clanking of pans is linked with cooking

He creates associations even if the sounds spoken are in a

foreign language, and even if his personal and subjective
meanings differ from the speaker