Burgess Vulcan Latest Publication 2014

STRUCTURAL FIRE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
SHEFFIELD
Background
Our structural fire engineering research started in 1985, when we were simply attempting to
simulate the behaviour of isolated steel elements in furnace tests. We have used several
software approaches since then, as the emphasis has shifted from beams and columns in
isolation towards the performance of building structures as a whole. A massive stimulus was
given to the whole subject by the fire tests on the full-scale composite frame at Cardington
during the 1990s.
Our early work was entirely analytical, and the main theme of our research remains in
numerical modelling, but several of our major projects have had a substantial experimental
component. This was initially done by going into partnership with other institutions with
established experimental facilities and expertise, but in more recent work we have developed
and used our own purpose-built facilities. The major recent themes have been the robustness
of buildings, and the behaviour of thin composite floor slabs, in fire conditions.
The academic members of the group are:
Professor Ian Burgess
Department of Civil & Structural Engineering
Sir Frederick Mappin Building
Mappin Street
SHEFFIELD S1 3JD
ian.burgess@sheffield.ac.uk
Dr Buick Davison
Mappin Street
SHEFFIELD S1 3JD
j.davison@sheffield.ac.uk
(+44) (0) 114 22 25354
T
(+44) (0) 114 22 25060

Dr Shan-Shan Huang
Mappin Street
SHEFFIELD S1 3JD
Professor Roger Plank

Emeritus Professor of Architecture and
Structural Engineering
H
r.j.plank@sheffield.ac.uk
s.huang@sheffield.ac.uk
(+44) (0) 114 22 25727

Group website:
http://www.fire-research.group.shef.ac.uk
Vulcan Solutions website:
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http://www.vulcan-solutions.com
Flowchart of projects
Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield
18 November 2014
Completed Work and the Research Workers Involved

1985-1988 Oyewole Olawale (PhD)
Steel column behaviour in fire
Analytical study of uniformly heated steel columns in fire, using finite strip and finite
element (INSTAF) approaches.
Ramberg-Osgood and bilinear stress-straintemperature relationships were used. The finite strip analysis included the
capability to detect local buckling of flanges.
1986-1989 Jamal El-Rimawi (PhD)
A secant approach to the analysis of steel beams in fire
Analytical study of steel beams with uniform and non-uniform temperature profiles.
The 2-D secant stiffness software used Ramberg-Osgood material stress-straintemperature characteristics, and comparisons were made with BS5950 Part 8
predictions and furnace tests.
1987-1990 Hassan Saab (PhD)
Finite element analysis of plane steel frames in fire
Development of an existing 2-D finite element inelastic spread-of-yield frame
analysis (INSTAF) to include thermal distributions due to fire. Performed pilot
studies on multi-storey rigid sway frames with local fires.
1987-1991 Shaari Abu (PhD)
Behaviour of steel frames in fire
Initial studies for subsequent frame analysis developments, including studies of the
relevance of material unloading in zones of strain reversal.
1989-1992 Jamal El-Rimawi (SERC/SCI/BS project)
The influence of connection behaviour on the performance of steel beams in fire
Studies of behaviour of steel beams within multi-storey frames. The 2-D secant
stiffness frame software (NARR) was developed to include temperature
distributions, the effect of the semi-rigidity of simple beam-column connections,
axial expansion of members and P effects. A range of studies was conducted
on subframes and full plane frames, showing that even simple connections can
enhance beam survival in fire, but that column stability must also be ensured.
1990-1994 Samer Najjar (PhD)
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of subframes at high temperatures
Development of the non-linear finite element frame analysis software previously
used by Saab) to full 3-D capability for skeletal steel frames in fire. This was
originally intended for use with column subframes, and so far has been used mainly
to perform isolated column and subframe studies. It is capable of very highdeflection analysis of 3-D frames, including member buckling, but does not include
semi-rigid connections.
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1992-1995 Colin Bailey (PhD)

Further development of 3D frame analysis in fire
This was a major development from Najjar's work, which increased the capabilities
of the 3-D analysis to include semi-rigid connection characteristics, lateral-torsional
buckling and plate elements to represent slab continuity. This was the software
used for the EPSRC study referred to below.
1992-1995 El-Rimawi/Bailey (EPSRC project)
The effects of strain reversal and fire spread on frame behaviour
Study of the behaviour of large multi-storey steel frames under the influence of fires
restricted to a local compartment or storey, and of the residual effects and
repairability of the structure after these have been extinguished. This is the first
study that has considered natural rather than standard fire scenarios, and so the
software has been developed to be capable of dealing with strain reversal due to
cooling of the steelwork.
1993-1995 Cardington Frame Design Studies (El-Rimawi, Najjar, Bailey)
Cardington Frame Design Studies
As part of the design process for the fire tests on the 8-storey composite frame at
Cardington a programme of predictive analyses was carried at several different
levels of modelling. Various ways of rationalising the frame and the fire
compartments have been used Studies included the influence of test load level, the
effect of column protection, load sharing via the secondary structure and connection
stiffness, out-of-plane column failure, and slab continuity over supports.
1992-1996 Atilla Oven (PhD)
Partial interaction in composite beams in fire
Study of the behaviour of composite beams with partial interaction between the
steel section and the concrete flange through the slip characteristics of the shear
connectors. The software was developed to include partial interaction, and the
influence on fire survival of various parameters such as beam span, load ratio and
degree of interaction between the steel and concrete was examined.
1995-1997 Windows-based User Interface for Vulcan (Supported by British Steel plc)
A highly interactive graphical user interface for Vulcan has been developed by
consultants, which makes preparation of subframes for analysis less error-prone and
much more efficient. On the output side the interface enables rapid selection and
plotting of results generated by the program.
1993-1996 Lee Leston-Jones (PhD, supported by BRE and SERC)
Moment-rotation characteristics of end-plate connections in fire
A programme of experiments on typical semi-rigid connections used in steel and
composite construction has been carried out at BRE Garston. The object of these
was to determine how the moment-rotation characteristics of connections degrade
with temperature rise; only a few indicative tests had previously been done. The
study used mainly small UB and UC sections, and attempted to relate the high4
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temperature performance to existing data on ambient-temperature behaviour. A

general model for connection degradation at high temperatures has been
postulated and a sensitivity study has been carried out on the influence of
connections on fire survival of frames.
1995-1998 Paul Rose (PhD, supported by ECSC and British Steel)
Modelling of the Cardington full-scale fire tests
The six full-scale Cardington fire tests were studied in detail using Vulcan. In the
post-test analyses, measured parameter values were used to refine the precision of
the modelling, and sensitivity studies were carried out so that the relative
importance to the behaviour of a range of aspects could be gauged. This modelling
formed part of an integrated series of numerical analyses, together with
complementary studies at TNO (Holland), CTICM (France) and British Steel Swinden
Technology Centre. The shell elements used to model slabs were developed to a
layered model as part of this project.
1995-1998 Paul Shepherd (PhD, supported by EPSRC)
The effect of restraint on column performance in fire
This was a study of the in-fire performance of restrained columns in multi-storey
frame construction, carried out in collaboration with an experimental programme at
the University of Ulster. The Ulster tests were analysed in detail, and a model of the
mechanisms involved in axial restraint to column expansion in fire was developed.
The latter gives some insight into the redistribution of internal forces which takes
place in the building when fire-affected columns "collapse"; in most cases this
redistribution prevents a real structural collapse.
1996-1998 Ahmed Allam (PhD funded by University of Sheffield Bursary)
Tensile membrane action in slabs at high temperatures
In full-scale fire tests carried out recently there has been a strong indication that
concrete slabs survive to very high fire temperatures, maintaining the vertical
compartmentation of a building, due to a self-equilibrating membrane action. This
occurs at high deflections and represents the true ultimate condition in the fire Limit
State. An improved slab formulation which will assist in the modelling of membrane
action, was researched and partially implemented.
1996-1998 Neal Butterworth, (Research Assistant supported by EPSRC under ROPA)
Fire protection systems for steel columns
Innovative fire-protection systems for steel columns in multi-storey frame
construction were evaluated for thermal and structural effectiveness. It is currently
generally accepted that columns must be fire-protected, and this on-site process is
both expensive and time-consuming. Systems which offer the prospect of prefabrication, cutting out the costly programme delays, were tested computationally
first for thermal effectiveness and for structural fire survival. An MPhil has now
been awarded.
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1998
1998
Vulcan
Our finite element software, which had by now been
developed to a massive extent from its origins in INSTAF, was
re-named Vulcan in 1998 by the research group.
This is not an acronym - Vulcan is the Roman god of fire and
the forge, and his statue stands above Sheffield Town Hall,
reflecting the city's long tradition of steelmaking and
engineering.
1998-1999 Graham Knapp (MSc(Res) Student, funded by EPSRC)

Design studies based on the Cardington tests
The full-scale Cardington fire tests were used as a basis for the development of a
more enlightened approach to the design of composite multi-storey structures than
had previously been possible. The development of design documents for this Fire
Engineered approach is envisaged as being phased to co-ordinate with numerical
modelling over a wide parametric range. This project performed a series of studies
to support the development of a "Level 1" design guide which was published by SCI
in 2001.
1996-2000 Khalifa Al-Jabri (PhD, partially supported by BRE & DoE under Partners in
Technology)
Moment-rotation characteristics of steel and composite connections in fire
This work extended the experimental programme started by Leston-Jones on the
high-temperature properties of bolted steelwork connections, in a series of tests on
connections typical of those used on the Cardington full-scale frame. These connect
much larger beam and column sections than those previously tested, and provide an
opportunity to test the connection modelling principles postulated by Leston-Jones.
The properties themselves are being used in post-test Cardington studies, and these
will provide a guide to the importance of connection characteristics to fire survival
of frames. Initial studies were also made in the development of a component-based
method of representing connections for fire resistance.
1996-1999 Young Wong (PhD, supported by Health & Safety Laboratories)
Portal frames in fire
This project studied the collapse behaviour in fire of industrial portal frame
structures, commonly used for warehousing of highly inflammable organic
substances which produce extremely toxic effluents on burning. In the course of the
project portal frames were modelled numerically, and two series of fire tests were
carried out at HSL Buxton.
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1996-1999 Dr Zhaohui Huang, (Research Associate, supported by EPSRC)

A new slab element for Vulcan
The elevated-temperature concrete failure model originally implemented in Vulcan
was rather crude in its assumptions, and there were some circumstances in which it
provided an unreasonable representation of the slab behaviour. In this project a
new failure model for concrete floor slabs at elevated temperatures was developed,
and this was implemented in conjunction with a layered slab element which allows
thermal distributions within the slab to be represented and progressive cracking and
crushing of the concrete to be modelled. Partial interaction at shear studs in
composite construction has recently been included. The Cardington fire tests were
used to validate these developments and a number of papers have been written.
1998-2001 Ahmed Allam (Research Assistant + PhD, supported by EPSRC )
The effect of restraint on the behaviour of steel beams in fire
This project, which involved collaboration with the University of Manchester, began
in February 1998. It involved examination of the effects of in-plane restraint to the
fire compartment by adjacent structure for steel-framed buildings using noncomposite precast slabs, with an emphasis on the ultimate development of catenary
action in the beam grillage. The work included furnace testing at Manchester and
frame modelling at Sheffield.
1998-2000 Craig English (PhD)
Risks to structural stability and life safety in fire
This project compared the risks to life [pre-flashover] and the risks of structural
failure [post flashover] in low-rise steel-framed office buildings when the alternative
fire resistance options [60mins FR and 30mins FR + sprinkler] in Table A2 of
Approved Document B are used. A risk comparison approach, as described in PD7 of
BS 7974 was adopted. The study used statistical data, event trees and two separate
risk models of the Monte Carlo type to calculate these risks. The findings
demonstrated that unclad steel framed buildings which only have sprinkler
protection provide a much higher level of life safety and structural fire safety than
do structures which are designed simply for 60 minutes' fire resistance [the code
recommendation] and that further trade-offs in fire safety measures should be given
to increase the financial viability of this design option.
1998-2001 Spyros Spyrou (Research Assistant + PhD, funded by EPSRC)
A component model for steel end-plate connections in fire
This project included a programme of furnace tests to identify the degradation of
characteristics of the most important parts of typical connections at elevated
temperatures, together with detailed finite element studies. These were very
successfully used to develop a Component Method to represent the behaviour of
steel-to-steel connections at elevated temperature, following the principles used at
ambient temperature in Eurocode 3 Annex J. This method allows the connection
behaviour in rotation and in thrust to be combined easily in frame modelling.
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1998-2002 Jun Cai (Research Student, funded by British Steel/SCI)

A general beam-column element for Vulcan
In the course of this project new elements were devised to represent general beamcolumn member cross-sections in the Vulcan software. These elements were
necessary firstly to model reinforced concrete beams and later to represent crosssections which are asymmetric, hollow, or contain different materials. They are
segmented so that temperatures and material properties can vary as required in
two dimensions. Studies were also conducted using these elements on the effect of
push-out on the survival in fire of columns in multi-storey buildings during fires.
1999-2000 Dr Zhaohui Huang, (Research Associate, internal support)
A new shell element for Vulcan
In this six-month bridging project a new 9-noded layered flat-shell element with a
geometrically non-linear formulation, which embodies the developments made to
the previous 4-noded elements, was developed and introduced into the Vulcan
software. This was validated wherever possible in a range of comparisons against
analytical solutions, independent numerical modelling and test results. This has
enabled modelling of the large-deflection behaviour of floor slabs in fire conditions,
including both thermal buckling against restraint and tensile membrane action.
1999
Dr Antonio Claret de Gouveia (Visiting Scholar, University of Ouro Preto, Brazil)

Fire resistance of Brazilian steel sections
A finite element study was made of the behaviour in fire conditions of welded Isection beams, of the type produced by Brazilian steel manufacturers. The effects of
high residual-stress patterns and of partial protection were the main themes of this
work.
2000-2003 Dr Zhaohui Huang, (Research Associate, supported by EPSRC)

Geometrically non-linear analysis of 3-dimensional composite building behaviour
in fire
The major objective of this project is to try to shift the basis of fire resistance design
from its present dependence on standard fire testing of isolated members to the
performance of real building structures in fire. It will investigate the ultimate
integrity of fire compartments in multi-storey composite building frames by wholly
(material and geometric) non-linear modelling. The project started in April 2000.
2000-2004 Seng-Kwan Choi (Research Student, funded by Metsec Building Products plc.)
Behaviour of long-span composite trusses in fire
In this project the fire resistance of lightweight long-span composite lattice girders
was investigated. Such systems are very often used in the United States, to produce
commercial multi-storey buildings with column-free beam spans of up to 20m. The
systems have so far been rather neglected in the Britain, largely because of the
traditional fire protection requirements necessary to achieve normal fire resistance
ratings. A series of parametric studies were performed in this project, to identify the
fire engineering design strategies necessary in order to make these systems perform
to the expected standards when subjected to fires. The modelling was extended to
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the composite floor arrangement used in the World Trade Center twin towers in
New York, in order to provide some insights about the likely floor system behaviour
during the events of 11 September 2001.
2003-2004 Dr Paul Shepherd (Buro Happold) and Dr Zhaohui Huang (University of Sheffield)
Vulcan rewriting and re-validation
The structural modelling software Vulcan, developed for many years by the Group in
Fortran code, has been completely rewritten in C++, with a completely integrated
Windows graphical user interface. The new interface allows practical 3-dimensional
subframes of composite buildings to be created very efficiently, including loading
and thermal scenarios. It also allows input data and results to be viewed in
perspective, with rendered member and slab surfaces, and results to be transferred
directly to Excel for creation of reports.
During 2005 this software was made commercially available to designers as a tool
for performance-based fire engineering design of structures. A university spin-off
company, Vulcan Solutions Ltd, was set up to handle this commercialisation.
2001-2004 Samantha Foster (Research Student, funded by EPSRC and Arup Fire)
Tensile membrane action in concrete slabs
A new fire-resistance design method for composite slabs, proposed by Professor
Colin Bailey of Manchester University and embodied in a recent design document, is
based on a simplified model of the enhancement to yield-line slab capacity which is
caused by tensile membrane action at high deflections. In fire high deflections are
acceptable provided that no structural collapse or loss of compartmentation occurs,
so that fire spread beyond the compartment of origin is prevented. In this project
the proposed method has been investigated with respect to its own formulation, in
comparison with numerical modelling, and finally using a large number of
experiments. a system was developed initially to carry out a large number of smallscale ambient-temperature experiments, which were not initially envisaged, during
the first phase of the project, and the experimental system was developed to
conduct loaded high-temperature tests at model-scale. At this scale it has been
possible to perform large numbers of tests, which would have been prohibitively
expensive at larger scale, and these can be used to test both the simplified method
and advanced modelling approaches. The student was also able to perform
modelling studies to rationalise the floor slab behaviour of the final (7th) full-scale
fire test at Cardington, which was performed in January 2003.
2003-2007 Marwan Sarraj (Research Student, funded by EPSRC)
Performance of fin-plate beam-column connections in fire
This was a computational investigation of the behaviour and robustness of steel finplate joints in fire, under catenary tension together with high rotations. The
modelling employed ABAQUS to produce very detailed finite element
representations. These were very complex models using contact elements at the
bolt/hole interface, and considerable problems with these were overcome in
progressing to the stage where a complete connection behaviour could be modelled
to very high distortions at ambient and elevated temperatures. It was possible, in
collaboration with the Czech Technical University, Prague, to compare the models
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predictions with the results of two full-scale fire tests conducted in the Czech
Republic. The results of the FE studies were also used as a basis for the development
of a simplified component-based approach to be used in global modelling software
for performance-based design where fin-plate connections are to be employed.
2003-2007 Florian Block (Research Student, funded by Buro Happold FEDRA)
Component modelling of end-plate beam-column connections
This project followed on from the work of Spyros Spyrou in identifying the
degradation of characteristics of the most important components of typical
connections at elevated temperatures. The work aimed to fill in important gaps in
the list of components which have already been modelled, so that connections in full
structural assemblies could be represented properly in numerical modelling. The
effect of axial superstructure load on the behaviour of column-web behaviour in the
compression zone of an end-plate connection was studied experimentally and
analytically. As a final stage in the project a component-based formulation was
developed for a steel beam-to-column finite element to be incorporated in global
analysis of building structures in fire conditions.
2003-2007 Chaoming Yu (Research Student)
Fire resistance of bi-steel core-walls
This projects focus was on the possibility of using bi-steel concrete-filled walls in the
construction of highly robust fire-resistant service cores for use in medium- to highrise multi-storey buildings. The temperature distributions generated in the concrete
and steel cross-section were initially studied. In order to investigate the structural
behaviour of the bi-steel cross-section under load and complex temperature
distributions, it was necessary to formulate a new 3-dimensional brick element for
the software Vulcan, and to implement it in the program code. General-purpose
finite element packages had proved to be very fragile in analysing such problems,
but the new brick element performed well. Some studies of the performance of bisteel wall panels were conducted, and it is hoped to use the new element intensively
in future projects investigating steel-concrete composite structural systems in fire
conditions.
2004-2008 Xinmeng Yu (Research Student)
Development of a ribbed-slab element for structural fire modelling
T
Slabs are seen to perform a key role in enabling the survival of composite buildings
in fire, and their behaviour forms the basis of performance-based structural fire
engineering design strategies for such buildings. Previous treatments of ribbed slabs
in Vulcan tended to neglect the temperature variations between the ribs and
troughs. In this project a thermal model was developed for these areas, followed by
the development of a slab element which reflects these temperature variations, as
well as the changes of slab depth. This was followed by studies which investigated
the sensitivity of slab behaviour to this and other effects such as concrete spalling. In
the final phase of the project an advanced slab element was developed in which the
occurrence and development of localised tension cracking was modelled directly.
Since failure of slabs is more often associated with integrity failure than with
structural collapse, this is an important development. It will be followed-up in
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subsequent projects in order to establish a method of routinely allowing localised

cracking to be represented in performance-based design using global modelling of
whole structures or large sub-structures.
2005-2008 Dr Hongxia Yu (Research Associate, funded by EPSRC) and Ying Hu (Project Research
Student, funded by EPSRC)
Robustness of steel connections in fire
In the aftermath of the New York twin Towers disaster, robustness (avoidance of
progressive collapse emanating from localised failures) has become a major issue in
the development of performance-based approaches to structural fire engineering
design. In multi-storey buildings failure of connections is one of the main potential
sources of progressive collapse, as is already recognised in UK structural design
codes for other limit states. The robustness in fire conditions of end-plate
connections has been investigated in this project, in which we have collaborated
with researchers at the University of Manchester. At both centres the investigation
involved a mixture of experimental and analytical work. In the Sheffield work the
focus was on high-temperature structural behaviour of components and assemblies
under combinations of tying and shearing forces. A large number of connection tests
to destruction under inclined forces have been performed, at temperatures up to
650C, for four typical beam-column connection types. Modelling using Finite
Element analysis has rationalised the test results, and this has subsequently been
used to help with the development of simplified component characteristics, to be
used in constructing component-based joint elements for global modelling which
can feasibly be used in design. Several journal papers have been published; these
can be found under Publications. The project's photos and test data sheets can be
downloaded from the Groups website
fire-research.group.shef.ac.uk/downloads/.
The Manchester group initially focused on the thermal behaviour of connection
elements under different heating regimes, and in the final phase performed
structural subframe testing which will enable modelling which includes componentbased connection simulation to be validated.
2005-2009 Ying Hu (Project Research Student, funded by EPSRC)
Robustness of steel connections in fire: Flexible endplate joints
Within the EPSRC project on Robustness of Steel Connections in Fire (see above )this
sub-project concerned the failure of flexible (partial-depth) endplate joints under
combinations of vertical and tying forces.
2004-2008 Yuan Yuan Song (Research Student)
Dynamic analysis of structures in fire
The loss of stability of structural elements in a fire can cause dynamic effects,
including successive impacts or progressive collapse scenarios such as those which
were observed in the September 11 2001 twin towers collapses. Progressive collapse
is clearly a subject which is in need of study under hazard loadings of all kinds.
Alternatively, unstable behaviour may be capable of regaining stability after either
small or large deformations have occurred; an example of this behaviour is the
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inversion of the roofs of pitched portal frames, which may lead either to collapse or
to re-stabilisation depending on the details of the design, the column base
conditions and the fire scenario. In order to analyse these situations it is clearly
necessary to study structural behaviour dynamically, and in this project the prime
objective has been to provide Vulcan with the capability to perform dynamic analysis
as well as quasi-static high-deflection, high-temperature modelling. This has been
applied to steel portal frames in fire, for which a UK design process based on rather
arbitrary assumptions has been in existence for nearly 30 years. The new procedure
has been used to develop a new simplified design approach to calculate the final
collapse temperatures for portal frames in fire.
2004-2008 Anthony Abu (Research Student, part-funded by Corus Ltd)
Thermal and structural behaviour of concrete slabs at high temperatures
The work on tensile membrane action initiated by Samantha Foster is being taken
further in this project, in which the behaviour of heated and loaded slabs will be
studied in detail. In particular, the membrane stresses and cracking mechanisms
caused by thermal gradients through the slab thickness, acting alone, will be studied
before their combination with externally applied loads. If necessary, more modelscale testing can be done to complete the range of validation results.
A detailed comparative study was made between a current simplified
analytical/design method for tensile membrane action and modelling of composite
slabs using Vulcan. This has highlighted particularly the structural failure case in
which edge beams eventually fold, limiting the range within which tensile
membrane action acts as the main load-bearing mechanism.
2005-2009 Shan Shan Huang (Dorothy Hodgkin Research Student, funded by Corus Group and
EPSRC)
The effects of transient strain on the strength of concrete-filled columns in fire
Pre-compressed concrete has been observed to acquire a large amount of nonrecoverable strain when it is heated, a creep-like effect which seems not to occur
when heating precedes the application of compressive stress. The objective of this
project was to assess how this phenomenon, and concrete creep of other types,
affect the buckling resistance of concrete-filled hollow-section columns, as well as
slender RC columns, in fire. A fundamental study of the mechanics of buckling of
compression members affected by temperature spread and time-dependent
straining was carried out, using the classic Shanley model of inelastic buckling as its
basis. Both simplified and finite element models of buckling of columns have been
developed, and studies of the effects of pre-compression on columns affected by fire
heating have shown that transient strain has the capability to reduce buckling loads
compared with those predicted by conventional approaches based only on the
degradation of ambient-temperature material characteristics due to heating.
2008-11
Vui Yee Bernice Wong (Research Assistant, funded by EPSRC)

Performance of cellular composite floor beams under fire conditions
Despite the current popularity of long-span composite flooring systems, the current
structural fire engineering design codes EC3/4 Part 1.2 and BS5950 Part 8 do not
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contain rules or guidance on the fire resistance of composite floors employing

cellular steel beams. The purpose of this project was to investigate the performance
and failure mechanisms of composite cellular floor beams at elevated temperatures,
including the influences of both flexure and shear. Emphasis will also be placed on
examining the development and influence of the additional compression forces
caused by axial restraint to thermal expansion from adjacent structure when a beam
is heated in a fire. The research was coordinated with a programme of physical
model fire tests at Ulster University, which provided carefully monitored data. A
configurable finite element model was developed to demonstrate the 3-dimensional
behaviour of composite cellular beams, which was validated against the tests to
ensure that all types of failure modes are predicted. An extensive parametric study
was carried out, extending the scope of the research beyond the limits of the
parameters used in the experimental work and investigating the influence of CB
behaviour on membrane action of floor slabs in compartment fires. The project also
developed a design methodology for such members in fire.
2008-12
Mariati Taib (Research Student, funded by Universiti Sains Malaysia)

The Performance in Fire of Framed Structures with Fin Plate Connections
The work of Sarraj in developing realistic FE models for fin plate connections in fire,
also enabled the creation of a simple component-based model, allowing only
horizontal bolt-hole distortions, for a fin plate connection, which was validated
against purely rotational furnace tests by Leston-Jones. In order to make such
models capable of dealing properly with the combinations of vertical and horizontal
forces, together with high rotation, that are experienced by such connections at the
ends of beams in real structural fire scenarios, the component-based approach is in
need of major development. Although fin plate joints are generally considered as
"simple" their behaviour when the steel is highly ductile is actually very complex
compared with other types, including distortions at bolt-holes which are in
completely different directions. This project has created an integrated componentbased element for fin-plate connections which was implemented in the software
Vulcan, including the influence of both vertical and horizontal forces at bolt rows, as
well as unloading and cooling properties.
2009-12
Shan Shan Huang (Post-doctoral Research Associate, funded by the European

Commission under RFCS)
COMPFIRE: Robustness of connections to composite columns in fire
This was a European-funded (RFCS) project in which we worked with teams at
Manchester, Coimbra, Lulea and Prague, as well as Tata Steel Ltd. It concerned the
behaviour and robustness in fire of practical connections between steel or composite
beams and two types of composite column - concrete-filled hollow sections and
partially-encased H-sections. Tests were carried out at various scales, accompanied
by detailed FE modelling, and a component-based approach has been developed.
The Sheffield group conducted a total of 20 tests, in a setup similar to that used for
steel-to-steel connections by Yu, at ambient and elevated temperatures, on endplate connections to partially encased H-columns and on reverse-channel
connections to both square and circular concrete-filled hollow-section columns.
Reverse-channel connections in particular showed a considerable degree of ductility
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both in rotation and in push-pull, which offers great potential for their use as robust
connections in fire conditions. The tests were used mainly to develop connection
component models to enable connection interaction to be modelled in wholestructure modelling.
2008-12
Rui Rui Sun (Research Student)

A dynamic analysis for structural robustness modelling in fire
This project forms a significant advance on the work done previously by Song in
setting up a dynamic formulation to analyse steel portal frames beyond an initial
loss of stability. In this case the emphasis was on developing a general capability to
model alternately both the static and dynamic behaviour of steel, concrete and
composite buildings during both local and global progressive collapse caused by fire
attack. The analysis is intended to follow the structural behaviour from static
response through local failure of components. At each stage when an instability is
caused by a local fracture the subsequent dynamic behaviour is modelled using an
explicit scheme until re-stabilization occurs. This kind of model is necessary in order
to determine whether progressive collapse ensues or a re-stabilised state occurs,
and will thus allow fire engineering designs to be assessed for robustness. It has
been used already with a component-based connection model to track a sequence of
local failures leading to a final collapse.
2009-14
Yuan Tian (Research student, funded by Tata Steel Ltd)

Tensile membrane action in non-rectangular composite slab panels
The Bailey-BRE design method for composite rectangular slab panels in fire presents
a simplified model of tensile membrane action (TMA), the strength enhancements it
gives as a function of displacement, and integrity failure by tensile fracture of the
slab at a limiting deflection. This project aims to investigate TMA in non-rectangular
slab panels, which could directly allow the simplified method to be extended to such
slabs, so that performance-based fire engineering design can be used for buildings
with irregular column grids. The first task in the project was to implement general
boundary conditions linking degrees of freedom of the system. This has been
implemented in Vulcan, and now allows numerical analysis of panels with local
rather than global boundary conditions, which may be necessary either because
internal panels need to be subject to credible continuity conditions, or because slabs
have non-orthogonal overall shapes. A complete simplified tensile membrane action
method is given for triangular slabs at high deflections, and initial work has been
done in developing a similar method for trapezoidal slab panels.
14
18 November 2014
Current Work and the Research Workers

2008-
Tad Song Kho (Research Student, funded by Buro Happold Ltd)

Development of a new procedure to model localisation of tensile cracking of
concrete slabs in fire
All of the software currently used to perform practical non-linear analysis of the
behaviour of large-scale floor systems in fire treats concrete as a homogeneous
material, and treats cracking when the tensile peak strain is exceeded as being
smeared, both horizontally and through the layer system used in the slab model.
This is practical but fallacious. Concrete does not smear cracks in zones of high and
largely uni-directional principal tensile strain it relieves the stresses which would
be created by forming large localised cracks.
High membrane tension above the protected beams, and at the interface between a
slab and a core-wall, is caused by the combination of high angles of rotation with
restraint to the differential edge movements which would be created in an isolated
slab by high deflection in its central zone and low deflections at its protected edges.
Stress patterns normal to the slab edges adopt a pattern with high membrane
tension in the mid-edge region and balancing compression near the corners. The
cracking above the protected beams and at the core-wall interface is caused by the
normal tensile stresses described above. In addition to these locations, the
occurrence of a central tension crack across the short span of an individual bay is the
typical end-point of tensile membrane action in an isolated rectangular slab which is
vertically supported around its edges. This is modelled in the simplified methods,
although without any firm justification in terms of the material properties of either
concrete or reinforcement.
2009-
Gang Dong (Research Assistant/research student, funded part-time by the European

Commission under RFCS)
COMPFIRE: Robustness of connections to composite columns in fire
This project addresses one of the work packages of COMPFIRE, which is based on the
creation of a general-purpose component-based representation of the connections
to composite columns, partly using component characteristics which have been
developed in previous projects (see Spyrou, Block, Yu, Hu), but also developing new
components for the reverse-channel connection type. The objective has been to
represent the column-face "connection" zone with an element which has two
external nodes but can contain internally any number of rows of components with
temperature-dependent properties including both force-reversal and failure. The
principles developed are applicable to different connection types and to
implementation in different software packages. Within COMPFIRE the componentbased element has been informed by tests and detailed FE analysis, which have
aided both its development and its validation. When implemented in the staticdynamic development (Sun) of Vulcan, this component-based element has been able
to model the progressive collapse process due to the sequential fracture of bolt rows
of connections as temperatures increase.
2009-
Lucy Johnson (Research student, jointly supervised with Engineering Materials,

funded through the CDT in Advanced Metallic Systems)
18 November 2014
15
Microstructural characterisation and performance of steels used in structural

bolting assemblies in fire
Bolted connections are key components which tie structural members together.
When a steel structure is subjected to elevated temperatures during a fire the forces
applied by highly deflected beam members must be transferred to adjacent cold
members through the connection to avoid collapse. During a fire connections are
subjected to both compressive and tensile axial forces due to thermal expansion and
subsequent contraction of beam members during cooling. Connections are thus
subjected to a complex combination of rotation, extension and shear bending and
shear. These complex loading conditions, coupled with an insufficient understanding
of the mechanical properties of bolts at elevated temperatures means that bolting
assemblies can often be the weak link in structural frames in fire. Bolt failure in fire
generally occurs as ductile necking in the bolt thread, thread stripping in the nut and
bolt or shear failure through the bolt thread or shank. At ambient temperature, bolt
failure is designed out; other more ductile modes of failure are designed to be
critical, thus ensuring adequate ductility. Recent research has demonstrated that
this is not the case in fire situations when the bolt becomes critical. In this project
the performance in fire conditions of nuts and bolts will be investigated by looking at
the effects of manufacturing processes on their microstructure and thus on the way
this affects performance under normal and elevated-temperature conditions.
2012-
Mohammad Javaheriafif (Research student)

Characterisation of the slab component for component-based connection
elements at elevated temperatures
This project aims to produce a simplified model of the behaviour of the componentzone which represents the continuing concrete slab and its reinforcement in
modelling beam-column and beam-beam connections. This part of the connection
clearly provides considerable stiffness to the connection which is important to its
rotational behaviour in ambient-temperature semi-rigid design. However it is not
yet established that its ductility is adequate to play a significant part in the
robustness of composite buildings in fire. In later stages the problem of continuity of
slabs beyond the immediate connection zone and their behaviour across beams on
the column grid will be addressed.
2012-
Guan Quan (Research student, funded by EPSRC & China Scholarship Council)
Shear buckling in the vicinity of beam-column connections in fire
The Cardington composite frame fire tests indicated that shear buckling of beams,
as well as beam bottom flange buckling, in the vicinity of the beam-column joints, is
very prevalent under fire conditions. These phenomena can have significant effects
on both the force redistribution between the bolt rows at the face of the column and
beam deflections at high temperatures.
This research is currently aimed at investigating the local buckling behaviour in the
vicinity of beam-column joints at elevated temperature. The behaviour being studied
includes shear buckling of the beam, local buckling of the bottom flange of the beam
and shear buckling of the column. Theoretical models will be created for the three
buckling zones at elevated temperature. On this basis, three corresponding
16
18 November 2014
component-based models will be created and implemented in the software Vulcan,

in order to study their influences on the behaviour of the whole structure, and
particularly on its progressive collapse in fire.
18 November 2014
17
Group Publications to Date

1988
1.
Burgess, I.W., El-Rimawi, J. and Plank, R.J., 'A secant stiffness approach to the fire
analysis of steel beams', J. Constr. Steel Research, 11, (1988) pp105-120.
2.
Olawale, A.O. and Plank, R.J., 'The collapse analysis of steel columns in fire using a finite
strip method', Int. J. Num. Methods Eng., 26, (1988) pp2755-2764.
3.
Olawale, A.O., 'Collapse Behaviour of Steel Columns in Fire', PhD Thesis, University of
Sheffield, 1988.
1989
4.
El-Rimawi, J.A., The Behaviour of Flexural Members under Fire Conditions, PhD Thesis,
University of Sheffield, 1989.
1990
5.
Burgess, I.W., El-Rimawi, J. and Plank, R.J., 'Analysis of beams with non-uniform
temperature profile due to fire exposure', J. Constr. Steel Research, 16, (1990) pp169192.
6.
Saab, H.A., 'Nonlinear finite element analysis of steel frames in fire', PhD Thesis,
1991
7.
Abu, S., 'Analysis of Steel Frame Structures in Fire', PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield,
1991.
8.
Burgess, I.W., El-Rimawi, J. and Plank, R.J., 'Studies of the behaviour of steel beams in
fire', J. Constr. Steel Research, 19 (1991) pp285-312.
9.
Burgess, I.W., Olawale, A.O. and Plank, R.J., 'Failure of steel columns in fire', Fire Safety
Journal,18,(1991) pp183-201.
10.
El-Rimawi, J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The analysis of steel beams in fire', Proc.
International Conference on Steel and Aluminium Structures, Singapore, 1991, Elsevier,
Amsterdam, pp161-171.
11.
Saab, H.A. and Nethercot, D.A., 'Modelling Steel Frame Behaviour Under Fire
Conditions', Engineering Structures, 13 (4), (1991) pp 371-382.
1992
12.
El-Rimawi, J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Use of Simplified Temperature Profiles
within Steel Beams in Fire', Constructional Steel Design: World Developments, Proc.
World Conference, Acapulco (1992) pp 82-85.
13.
El-Rimawi, J.A., Burgess, I.W. & Plank, R.J., 'Fire Analysis of Steel Frames by Personal
computer', Stress Analysis and the Personal Computer, Institute of Physics, (1992).
14.
Najjar, S.R. and Burgess, I.W, 'Perry Analysis and the Failure of Steel Columns in Fire',
Stress Analysis and the Personal Computer, Institute of Physics, (1992).
18
18 November 2014
1993
15.
El Rimawi, J.A., 'NARR: A Program for the Structural Analysis of 2-D Frames at Elevated
Temperatures', Research Report, University of Sheffield, Department of Civil and
Structural Engineering, January 1993.
16.
El-Rimawi, J.A., Burgess, I.W. & Plank, R.J., 'Modelling the behaviour of steel frames and
subframes with semi-rigid connections in fire', Proc. Third CIB/W14 Workshop on Fire
Modelling, Rijswijk, 1993, ed. L. Twilt. pp 152-168.
Internal Research Report
17.
Najjar, S.R., Burgess, I.W. and Plank R.J., 'Non-Linear Studies of the Cardington
Composite frame in Fire Conditions Using 3DFIRE', Research Report DCSE/93/S/05,
University of Sheffield, (1993).
1994
18.
Burgess, I.W. and Najjar, S.R., 'A simple approach to the behaviour of steel columns in
fire', J. Construct. Steel Research, 31, (1994) pp 115-134.
19.
Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Numerical Modelling of Steel Structures in Fire', New Steel
Construction, 3(1), pp.37-39 (1994).
20.
Burgess, I.W., El-Rimawi, J. and Plank, R.J., 'Effects of Fire on Steel-Framed Buildings',
Building and Civil Engineering Research Focus, 16, (1994).
21.
Burgess, I.W., Najjar, S.R. and Plank, R.J., 'Towards rational approaches to the design of
steel structures for fire resistance', 4th Kerensky International Conference on Structural
Engineering, Singapore, pp 87-94, 1994.
22.
El-Rimawi, J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Model Studies of Composite Building Frame
Behaviour in Fire', Ottawa Conference on Fire Safety Science, 1994.
23.
Najjar, S.R., 'Three-dimensional analysis of steel frames and subframes in fire', PhD
Thesis, University of Sheffield, (1994).
1995
24.
Bailey, C.G., Simulation of the Structural Behaviour of Steel Framed Buildings in Fire,
PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995.
25.
Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The Behaviour of Steel Framed Structures
Subjected to Local Fire Conditions', Nordic Steel Construction Conference 1995, Malmo,
Sweden.
26.
El-Rimawi, J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The Analysis of Semi-Rigid Frames in Fire - A
Secant Approach', J. Construct. Steel Research, , 33, (1995) pp 125-146.
1996
27.
Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J.,Modelling the Behaviour of Steel Framed
Building Structures by Computer,2nd Cardington Conference, March 1996.
28.
Najjar, S. R. and Burgess, I. W., 'A non-linear analysis for three-dimensional steel frames
in fire conditions', Engineering Structures, 18 (1), (1996) pp 77-89.
18 November 2014
19
29.
Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Computer Simulation of a Full-Scale Structural
Fire Test', The Structural Engineer, 74 (6), (1996) pp 93-100. (IStructE Henry Adams
Award)
30.
Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Unrestrained
Steel Beams in Fire', J. construct. Steel Research, 36 (2), (1996) pp 101-119.
31.
Leston-Jones, L.C., Lennon, T., Plank, R.J., and Burgess, I.W., Influence of Connections
on the Performance of Steel Framed Structures in Fire, Conference on Structural
Assessment: The Role of Large & Full Scale Testing., July 1996.
32.
Oven, V.A., The Behaviour of Composite Beams with Partial Interaction at Elevated
Temperatures , PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996.
33.
Leston-Jones, L.C., Burgess, I.W., and Plank, R.J., The Behaviour of Real Connections in
Steel-Framed Construction in Fire Conditions, SSRC IC/Brasil 96 - 5th Colloquium on
Structural Stability, Rio de Janeiro, August 1996.
34.
Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Structural Simulation of Fire Tests on a FullScale Composite Building Frame , SSRC IC/Brasil 96 - 5th Colloquium on Structural
Stability, Rio de Janeiro, August 1996.
35.
Oven, V.A., Burgess, I.W., and Plank, R.J., Modelling Partially Interactive Composite
Beam Behaviour in Fire , SSRC IC/Brasil 96 - 5th Colloquium on Structural Stability, Rio
de Janeiro, August 1996.
36.
Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J.,Analyses of the Effects of Cooling and Fire
Spread on Steel-Framed Buildings, Fire Safety Journal, 26, (1996) pp 273-293.
37.
El-Rimawi, J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The Treatment of Strain Reversal in
Structural Members during the Cooling Phase of a Fire', J. Construct. Steel Research, 37
(2), (1996) pp 115-135.
Internal Research Reports
38.
Shepherd, P.G., Burgess, I.W., and Plank, R.J., The effects of axial restraint on steel
columns at elevated temperatures, Research Report DCSE/96/F/3, University of
Sheffield, (1996).
39.
Shepherd, P.G., Burgess, I.W., and Plank, R.J., Addendum to Report DCSE/96/F/3: Highrestraint spring model, Research Report DCSE/96/F/3a, University of Sheffield, (1996).
40.
Shepherd, P.G., Burgess, I.W., and Plank, R.J., Numerical modelling of an unrestrained
column fire test, Research Report DCSE/96/F/4, University of Sheffield, (1996).
41.
Allam, A.M., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Fire modelling of the Queensberry House
project, Research Report DCSE/96/F/5, University of Sheffield, (1996).
42.
Rose, P.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Numerical simulations of the Cardington
restrained beam fire test, Research Report DCSE/96/F/6, University of Sheffield, (1996).
43.
Rose, P.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., A slab thickness survey of the Cardington test
frame, Research Report DCSE/96/F/7, University of Sheffield, (1996).
20
18 November 2014
1997
44.
Oven, V.A., Burgess, I.W., Plank, R.J. and Abdul Wali, A.A., 'An Analytical Model for the
Analysis of Composite Beams with Partial Interaction', Computers And Structures, 62 (3),
(1997) pp 493-504.
45.
Leston-Jones, L.C., Lennon, T., Plank, R.J., and Burgess, I.W., Elevated Temperature
Moment-Rotation Tests on Steelwork Connections, Proc Instn Civ. Engrs Structs &
Bldgs, 122, (1997) pp 410-419.
46.
Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J.,Bridging and Restraint Effects of Localised
Fires in Composite Frames, IABSE International Conference, Innsbruck, (1997) pp 379384.
47.
El-Rimawi, J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Influence of Connection Stiffness on the
Behaviour of Steel Beams in Fire, J. Construct. Steel Research, 43 (1-3), (1997) pp 1-15.
48.
Shepherd, P.G., Burgess, I.W., Plank, R.J. and OConnor, D.J., The performance in fire of
restrained steel columns in multi-storey construction, Kerensky International
Conference, Hong Kong, (1997) pp 333-342.
49.
Rose, P.S., Burgess, I.W., Plank, R.J. and Bailey, C.G., The influence of floor slabs on the
structural behaviour of composite frames in fire, Kerensky International Conference,
Hong Kong, (1997) pp 511-520.
50.
Leston-Jones, L.C., The Influence of Semi-Rigid Connections on the Performance of Steel

Framed Structures in Fire, PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997.
51.
Rose, P.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Subframe selection for the computer simulation
of the Cardington restrained beam test, Research Report DCSE/97/F/1, University of
Sheffield, (1997).
52.
Rose, P.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Modelling of British Steel Fire Tests on the
Cardington Full-Scale Frame, Report for ECSC Contract 7210/CA806, Research Report
DCSE/97/F/5, University of Sheffield, (1997).
53.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Behaviour of Steel and Composite Beam-toColumn Connections in Fire. Volume 2: Appendices, Research Report DCSE/98/F/7,
1998
54.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Layered Slab Elements in Modelling of
Composite Frame Behaviour in Fire, Second Int. Conf. on Concrete under Severe
Conditions, Troms, Norway (1998), pp785-794.
55.
Al-Jabri, K.A., Lennon, T.R., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Behaviour of Steel and
Composite Beam-Column Connections in Fire, Second World Conference on
Constructional Steel Design, San Sebastian, J. Construct. Steel Research, 46:1-3, Paper
No. 180 (1998).
56.
Rose, P.S., Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J.,The Influence of Floor Slabs on the
Structural Performance of the Cardington Frame in Fire, Second World Conference on
No. 181 (1998).
18 November 2014
21
57.
Allam, A.M., Green, M.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J.,Fire Engineering Design of SteelFramed Structures - Integration of Design and Research, Second World Conference on
No. 170 (1998).
58.
Ali, F., OConnor, D.J., Simms, W.I., Randall, M., Shepherd, P.G. and Burgess, I.W., The
Effect of Axial Restraint on the Fire Resistance of Steel Columns, Second World
Conference on Constructional Steel Design, San Sebastian, J. Construct. Steel Research,
46:1-3, Paper No. 71 (1998).
59.
El-Rimawi, J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Studies of the behaviour of steel subframes
with semi-rigid connections in fire, J. Construct. Steel Research, 49 (1), (1998), pp83-98.
60.
Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Modelling the Fire Tests on the Cardington Full-Scale
Frame', Proc. 3rd Cardington Conference, November 1998.
61.
Jun Cai, Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Preliminary analyses of Cardington corner test
column subframes, Research Report DCSE/98/F/4, University of Sheffield, (1998).
62.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Material and Geometrical Properties for
Elevated-Temperature Beam-Column Connection Tests, Research Report DCSE/98/F/5,
63.
Wong, S.Y., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., First Series of Portal Frame Fire Tests,
Research Report DCSE/98/F/6, University of Sheffield, (1998).
1999
64.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Subjected to Fire, ACI Structures Journal, 96, (1) (1999) pp127-135
65.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W., Lennon, T.R. and Plank, R.J., The Performance of Frame
Connections in Fire, Paper 197, Eurosteel 99, Prague. Also Acta Polytechnica, 39, (5),
(1999) pp65-76.
66.
Fahad, M.K., Allam, A.M., Liu, T.C.H., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Effects of Restraint
on the Behaviour of Steel Frames in Fire, Paper 64, Eurosteel 99, Prague.
67.
Wong, S.Y., Burgess, I.W., Plank, R.J and Atkinson, G.A., The Response of Industrial
Portal Frames to Fires, Paper 72, Eurosteel 99, Prague. Also Acta Polytechnica, 39, (5),
(1999) pp169-182.
68.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Finite Element Modelling of Composite Frame
Behaviour Subjected to Fire, Paper 73, Eurosteel 99, Prague.
69.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Three-Dimensional Modelling of Two Full-Scale
Fire Tests on a Composite Building, Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs Structs & Bldgs., 134, (1999)
pp243-255.
70.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Influence of Shear Connectors on the
Behaviour of Composite Steel-Framed Buildings in Fire, J. Construct. Steel Research, 51
(3), (1999) pp219-237.
71.
Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Steel Frame Analysis in Fire, Invited Paper, Second
International Symposium on Steel Structure in Civil Construction, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
22
18 November 2014
72.
Rose, P.S., Simulation of Steel/Concrete Composite Structures in Fire, PhD Thesis,

73.
Shepherd, P.G., The Performance in Fire of Restrained Columns in Steel-Framed

Construction', PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999.
74.
Claret, A.M., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Studies of the Behaviour of Welded Steel
Beams in Fire, Research Report DCSE/99/F/5, University of Sheffield, (1999).
75.
Knapp, G.A., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Assessment by Computer Modelling of a New
Structural Fire Engineering Design Method', Research Report DCSE/99/F/7, University of
Sheffield, (1999).
76.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Use of Sub-Structuring in Modelling of Building
Response to Compartment Fires, Research Report DCSE/99/F/8, University of Sheffield,
(1999).
2000
77.
Al-Jabri, K.S., The Behaviour of Steel and Composite Beam-to-Column Connections in

Fire, PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000.
78.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Three-Dimensional Analysis of Composite SteelFramed Buildings in Fire, Journal of Struct Engineering, ASCE, 126,(3), (2000) pp 389397.
79.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Effective Stiffness Modelling of Composite
Concrete Slabs in Fire, Engineering Structures, 22 (9), (2000) pp1133-1144.
80.
Spyrou, S., Davison, J.B. and Burgess, I.W., 'Experimental and Analytical Studies of Steel
T-Stubs at Elevated Temperatures', Article in Abnormal Loading on Structures, Ed. K.S.
Virdi et al., ISBN 0-419-25960-0, E. & F.N. Spon, London, (2000) pp306-316.
81.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Non-linear Modelling of Three Full-Scale
Structural Fire Tests, Proc. First International Workshop on Structures in Fire,
Copenhagen, (2000) pp53-70.
82.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Influence of Adjacent Cool Structure on the
Behaviour of Composite Floors in Fire, Paper 03.07, Proc. International Conference on
Steel Structures of the 2000s, Istanbul, (2000).
83.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Recent Developments in the Behaviour of
Steel and Composite Connections in Fire, Proc. International Conference on Steel
Structures of the 2000s, Istanbul, (2000).
84.
Allam, A.M., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Simple Investigations of Tensile Membrane
Action in Composite Slabs Fire, Paper 03.02, Proc. International Conference on Steel
Structures of the 2000s, Istanbul, (2000) pp327-332.
85.
Jun Cai, Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Effect of Push-Out of Perimeter Building
Columns on their Survival in Fire, Paper 09.08, Proc. International Conference on Steel
Structures of the 2000s, Istanbul, (2000) pp345-350.
86.
Wong, S.Y., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Simplified Estimation of Critical Temperatures
of Portal Frames in Fire, Paper 09.03, Proc. International Conference on Steel Structures
of the 2000s, Istanbul, (2000).
18 November 2014
23
87.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Ultimate Behaviour of Composite Frames
in Fire Conditions, Proc. Third International Symposium on Steel Structure in Civil
Construction, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, (2000) pp333-338.
88.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W and Plank, R.J., Postulation of the Elevated Temperature
Moment-Rotation Characteristics for the Cardington Frame Connections, Research
Report DCSE/00/F/1, University of Sheffield, (2000).
2001
89.
Spyrou, S. and Davison, J.B., Displacement Measurement in Studies of Steel T-Stub

Connections, J. Construct. Steel Research, 57 (6), (2001) pp649-661.
90.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Influence of Connection Characteristics
on the Behaviour of Beams in Fire, Proc. International Conference on Structural
Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, Cape Town, (2001) pp1087-1094.
91.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Influence of Tensile Membrane Action on
the Behaviour of Composite Steel-Framed Buildings in Fire., Proc. ASCE Structures
Congress 2001(CD publication), Washington DC, (2001), 14pp.
92.
Allam, A.M., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Large-Deflection Behaviour of Steel and
Composite Frames in Fire, Proc. SFPE International Conference on Engineered Fire
Protection Design, San Francisco, (2001).
93.
Wong, S.Y., 'The Structural Response of Industrial Portal Frame Structures in Fire', PhD
Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001
94.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W., Plank, R.J., and Bailey, C.G., Strategies for Fire Protection of
Large Composite Buildings, Proc. Interflam 2001, Edinburgh, (2001) pp395-406.
95.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Non-linear Structural Modelling of a Fire Test
Subject to High Restraint, Fire Safety Journal, 36 (8), (2001) pp795-814.
96.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Analysis of Composite Floors with Different Fire
Protection Regimes Subject to Compartment Fires.', Proc. International Seminar on Steel
structures in Fire, Shanghai, November 2001, pp150-165.
97.
Burgess, I.W., Huang, Z. and Plank, R.J., 'Non-linear Modelling of Steel and Composite
Structures in Fire', Proc. International Seminar on Steel structures in Fire, Shanghai,
November 2001, pp1-15.
2002
98.
Jun Cai, Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Modelling of Asymmetric Cross-Section Members
for Fire Conditions, J. Construct. Steel Research. 58 (3),(2002) pp389-412.
99.
Jun Cai, 'Developments in Modelling of Composite Building Structures in Fire', PhD

Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002.
100.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W., Plank, R.J. and Bailey, C.G., Comparison of BRE Simple Design
Method for Composite Floor Slabs in Fire with Non-Linear FE Modelling, Fire and
Materials, 28 (2-4), (2004) pp127-138.
24
18 November 2014
101.
Spyrou, S., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Experimental and Analytical
Studies of Steel Joint Components at Elevated Temperatures, Fire and Materials, 28 (24), (2004) pp83-94.
102.
Spyrou, S., 'Development of a Component-Based Model of Steel Beam-to-Column Joints

at Elevated Temperatures', PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002.
103.
Butterworth, N.A., 'New Fire Protection Systems for Steel Columns', MPhil Thesis,
104.
Allam, A.M., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Performance-Based Simplified Model for a
Steel Beam at Large Deflection in Fire, Proc. 4 th International Conference on
Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods, Melbourne, Australia,
(2002).
P
105.
Plank, R.J. and Burgess, I.W., Effects of Fire on the Structure of Buildings, Proc.
International Seminar on the Technology of Structural Evaluation and Rehabilitation of
Buildings, Barcelona (2002) pp65-79.
106.
Burgess, I.W., 'Fire Resistance of Framed Buildings', Physics Education, 37 (5), (2002)
pp390-399.
107.
Spyrou, S., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Component-Based Studies on the
Behaviour of Steel Joints at Elevated Temperatures, 3 rd European Conference on Steel
Structures, Coimbra, Portugal, (2002) pp1469-1478.
P
108.
Choi, S.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Structural Behaviour of Unrestrained Composite
Truss Systems in Fire, 3 rd European Conference on Steel Structures, Coimbra, Portugal,
(2002) pp1459-1468.
P
109.
Spyrou, S., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Component Studies for Steelwork
Connections in Fire, 5 th International Conference on Stability and Ductility of Steel
Structures, Budapest, Hungary, (2002) pp769-776.
P
110.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Modelling of Six Full-Scale Fire Tests on a
Composite Building', The Structural Engineer, 80 (19), (2002) pp30-37.
2003
111.
Jun Cai, Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., A Generalised Steel/Reinforced Concrete BeamColumn Element Model for Fire Conditions, Engineering Structures, 25 (6), (2003) pp
817 833.
112.
Allam, A.A., The Large-Deflection Behaviour of Structural Frames in Fire, PhD Thesis,
113.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Modelling Membrane Action of Concrete Slabs
in Composite Buildings in Fire. Part I: Theoretical Development, Journal of Struct
Engineering, ASCE, 129 (8), (2003) pp 1093-1102. (ASCE Raymond C. Reese Prize 2005)
114.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Modelling Membrane Action of Concrete Slabs
in Composite Buildings in Fire. Part II: Validations, Journal of Struct Engineering, ASCE,
129 (8), (2003) pp 1103-1112. (ASCE Raymond C. Reese Prize 2005)
115.
Green, M., Butterworth, N.A., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Practical Case Studies in
Performance-Based Structural Fire Engineering Design, ASCE Specialty conference:
Designing Structures for Fire, Baltimore, (Oct 2003) pp 259-266.
18 November 2014
25
116.
Choi, S.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Behaviour of Lightweight Composite Floor
Trusses in Fire, ASCE Specialty Conference: Designing Structures for Fire, Baltimore, (Oct
2003) pp 24-32.
117.
Choi, S.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Predicting the Collapse Behaviour of Light Steel
Floor Trusses in Fire, Paper SD23, CIB-CTBUH International Conference on Tall Buildings,
Kuala Lumpur, (Oct 2003).
2004
118.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Fire Resistance of Composite Floors Subject to
Compartment Fires', J. Construct. Steel Research. 60 (2),(2004) pp 339-360.
119.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Prediction of the Degradation of Connection
Characteristics at Elevated Temperature, (orig. 3 rd European Conference on Steel
Structures, Coimbra, Portugal, (2002) pp1391-1400), .J. Construct. Steel Research. 60 (35), (2004) pp 771-781.
Investigation of the Compression Zone Component within a Steel Joint at Elevated
Temperatures, J. Construct.Steel Research, 60 (6), (2004) pp841-865.
P
120.
121.
Investigation of the Tension Zone Component within a Steel Joint at Elevated
Temperatures, J. Construct.Steel Research, 60 (6), (2004) pp 867-896.
122.
Block, F.M., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., Numerical and Analytical Studies of Joint
Component Behaviour in Fire, Paper S7-4, Third International Workshop on Structures
in Fire, Ottawa, Canada, (May 2004) pp383-395.
123.
Foster, S.J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., High-Temperature Experiments on ModelScale Concrete Slabs at High Displacement, Paper S5-5, Third International Workshop
on Structures in Fire, Ottawa, Canada, (May 2004) pp259-270.
124.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 3D Modelling of Beam-Columns with General
Cross-Sections in Fire, Paper S6-5, Third International Workshop on Structures in Fire,
Ottawa, Canada, (May 2004) pp323-334.
125.
Block, F.M., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., A Component Approach to
Modelling Steelwork Connections in Fire: Behaviour of Column Webs in Compression,
ASCE Structures Congress, Nashville, USA (2004). ISBN 0-7844-0700-2.
126.
Foster, S.J., Bailey, C.G., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Experimental Behaviour of
Concrete Floor Slabs at Large Displacements, Engineering Structures, 26 (9), (2004)
pp 1231-1247.
127.
Choi, S.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Structural Performance of Long-Span Composite
Truss and Beam Systems in Fire, Proc. Second International Conference on Steel and
Composite Structures: ICSCS 04, Seoul, Korea (Sep 2004) pp1236-1244. ISBN 89-8969313-6-98530.
128.
Foster, S.J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Experimental Behaviour of Model-Scale
Concrete Floor Slabs at Large Displacements and High Temperatures, Proc. Second
International Conference on Steel and Composite Structures: ICSCS 04, Seoul, Korea
(Sep 2004) pp1268-1282. ISBN 89-89693-13-6-98530.
26
18 November 2014
129.
Choi, S.K., The Structural Behaviour of Composite Truss Systems in Fire, PhD thesis,
2005
130.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W., Lennon, T. and Plank, R.J., MomentRotationTemperature

Curves for Semi-Rigid Joints, .J. Construct. Steel Research. 61 (3), (2005) pp 281303.
131.
Block, F.M., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'High-Temperature Experiments
on Joint Components', Proc. 4 th European Conference on Steel Structures, Maastricht,
Netherlands, (2005).
P
132.
Huang, Z.., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Use of Sub-Structuring in Modelling of
Composite Building Response to Compartment Fires, Proc. ICASS '05, Shanghai, China,
(2005) pp 1029-1034. ISBN 0 00 8446 37 X.
133.
Block, F.M., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'High-Temperature Experiments
on Joint Component Behaviour', Proc. ICASS '05, Shanghai, China, (2005) pp 1041-1046.
ISBN 0 00 8446 37, Advances in Steel Structures, 2, (2005) pp 1041-1046.
134.
Foster, S.J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Investigation of Membrane Action in ModelScale Slabs Subject to High Temperatures', Proc. ICASS '05, Shanghai, China, (2005) pp
933-940. ISBN 0 00 8446 37 X.
135.
Burgess, I.W., Performance and Design of Multi-Storey Composite Buildings in Fire,

Proc. KICT 2005 Annual Conference/CUFER Annual Technical Seminar, Seoul, Korea,
(2005) pp 89-109.
136.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W., Lennon, T. and Plank, R.J., Spring Stiffness Model for
Flexible End-Plate Bare-Steel Joints in Fire, .J. Construct. Steel Research. 61 (12), (2005)
pp 16721691.
137.
Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Joints under Fire Conditions', Steel Details , Ch. 12, BCSA
Publication 41/05, BCSA, London, 2005. (ISBN 0 85073 049 X) .
T
2006
138.
Foster, S.J., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Modelling Membrane Action of Model-Scale
Slabs at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures, Structures in Fire Workshop, Aveiro,
Portugal, (2006) pp 635-646.
139.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Structures in
Fire, Structures in Fire Workshop, Aveiro, Portugal, (2006) pp 561-572.
140.
Abu, A.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Effects of Thermal Gradients on Membrane
Stresses in Thin Slabs, Structures in Fire Workshop, Aveiro, Portugal, (2006) pp 671-681.
141.
Yu, C.M., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 3D Modelling of Bi-Steel Structures
Subject to Fire, Structures in Fire Workshop, Aveiro, Portugal, (2006) pp 393-404.
142.
Yu, X.M., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Thermal and Structural Behaviour of
Orthotropic Slabs in Fire, Structures in Fire Workshop, Aveiro, Portugal, (2006) pp 825836.
143.
Foster S. J., Tensile Membrane Action of Reinforced Concrete Slabs at Ambient and
Elevated Temperatures, PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006.
18 November 2014
27
144.
Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Efficient Modelling of Composite Building
Response to Compartment Fires, Advanced Steel Construction, 2, (2006) pp37-52.
145.
Block, F.M., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B.and Plank, R.J., 'A Component-Based Approach
for Modelling the Effect of Fire on Steel Joints', 19th Australasian Conference on the
Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Canterbury, New Zealand (2006).
146.
Block, F.M., 'Development of a Component-Based Finite Element for Steel Beam-toColumn Connections at Elevated Temperatures',PhD thesis, University of Sheffield,
2006.
147.
Yu, X.M., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Concrete Spalling in Fire: A Review of
the Current State of Knowledge, Report to KICT, Korea. Research Report DCSE/06/F/01,
2007
148.
Abu, A.K., Burgess, I.W. & Plank, R.J., 'Analysis of Tensile Membrane Action in Composite
Slabs in Fire', Pacific Structural Steel Conference 2007: Steel Structures in Natural
Hazards, (2007) Wairakei, New Zealand.
149.
Burgess I.W., 'Connection modelling in fire',Proc. COST C26 Workshop "Urban Habitat
Constructions under Catastrophic Events", Prague, (2007) pp 25-34.
150.
Foster, S.J., Chladna, M., Hsieh, Y.-C., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Thermal and
Structural Behaviour of a Full-Scale Composite Building Subject to a Severe
Compartment Fire, Fire Safety Journal, 42, (2007) pp 183-199.
151.
Choi, S.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Behaviour of Lightweight Composite Trusses in
Fire A Case Study, Steel and Composite Structures, 7 (2), (2007) pp 105-118.
152.
Sarraj, M., The Behaviour of Steel Fin Plate Connections in Fire, PhD thesis, University
of Sheffield, 2007.
153.
Yu, C.M., Three-Dimensional Analysis of Composite Structural Elements at Elevated

Temperatures, PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007.
154.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Plank, R.J., 'Experimental Investigation of the
Behaviour of Fin Plate Connections in Fire', ICSCS 2007, Manchester, pp 541-548.
155.
Hu, Y., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Comparative study of the behaviour
of BS 4190 and BS EN ISO 4014 bolts in fire', ICSCS 2007, Manchester, pp 587-592.
156.
Yu, C., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., '3D thermal and structural analyses of BiSteel composite panels in fire', ICSCS 2007, Manchester, pp 627-632.
157.
Abu, A. K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Effects of slab panel vertical support on tensile
membrane action', ICSCS 2007, Manchester, pp 647-652.
158.
Sarraj, M., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Development of a Component
Model approach to fin-plate connections in fire', ICSCS 2007, Manchester, pp 549-556.
159.
Song, Y., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The behaviour of single-storey
industrial steel frames in fire ', ICSCS 2007, Manchester, pp 687-692.
160.
Tan, K. H., Qian, Z. H. and Burgess, I.W., 'Experimental investigation of steel beam-tocolumn joints at elevated temperatures', ICSCS 2007, Manchester, pp 565-570.
28
18 November 2014
161.
Huang, S.S., Burgess, I.W., Huang, Z. and Plank, R.J., 'Implications of Transient Thermal
Strain for the Buckling of Slender Concrete-Filled Columns in Fire', ICSCS 2007,
Manchester, pp 639-645.
162.
Sarraj, M., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Plank, R.J., Finite Element Modelling of Steel
Fin Plate Connections in Fire, Fire Safety Journal, 42 (2007) pp 408415.
163.
Block, F.M., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Plank, R.J., The Development of a
component-based connection element for endplate connections in fire, Fire Safety
Journal, 42 (2007) pp 498506.
164.
Yu, H.X., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Experimental Investigation of the
Robustness of Fin Plate Connections in Fire', Proc. ICASS 2007, Singapore, pp 722-727.
165.
Song, Y.Y., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The Design of Pitched-Roof Steel
Portal Frames Against Fire', Proc. ICASS 2007, Singapore, pp 728-733.
166.
Huang, Z.., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Effects of Spalling on the Behaviour of
Reinforced Concrete Structures in Fire', Fib Workshop: Fire Design of Concrete
Structures - from Materials Modelling to Structural Performance, Coimbra, Portugal,
November 2007.
167.
Huang, S.S., Burgess, I.W., Huang, Z. and Plank, R.J., 'The Buckling of Slender Concrete
and Concrete-Filled Columns in Fire', Fib Workshop: Fire Design of Concrete Structures from Materials Modelling to Structural Performance, Coimbra, Portugal, November
2007.
168.
Yu,X.M., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Modelling Localised Failure of
Reinforced Concrete Slabs in Fire', Fib Workshop: Fire Design of Concrete Structures from Materials Modelling to Structural Performance, Coimbra, Portugal, November
2007.
2008
169.
Yu, X.M., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Non-Linear Analysis of Orthotropic
Composite Slabs in Fire, Engineering Structures, 30 (2008), pp 67-80.
170.
Al-Jabri, K.S., Davison, J.B. and Burgess, I.W., 'Performance of Beam-to-Column Joints in
Fire-A Review', 43 (1), (2008) pp 50-62.
171.
Choi, S.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Performance in Fire of Long-Span Composite
Truss Systems', Engineering Structures, 30 (3), (2008), pp 683-694.
172.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W. Davison, J.B., and Plank, R.J., 'Numerical Simulation of Bolted
Steel Connections in Fire Using Explicit Dynamic Analysis', J. Construct. Steel Research,
64 (2008) pp515525.
173.
Qian, Z.H., Tan, K.H. and Burgess, I.W., 'Behaviour of Steel Beam-to-Column Joints at
Elevated Temperature: Experimental Investigation', Acc. ASCE Journal of Structural
Engineering, 134 (5), (2008) pp713-726.
174.
Huang, S.S., Burgess, I.W., Huang, Z. and Plank, R.J., 'Effect of Transient Thermal Strain
on the Buckling of Slender Concrete and Concrete-Filled Columns in Fire', Proc.
Structures in Fire Workshop, Singapore, pp594-605.
18 November 2014
29
175.
Hu, Y., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Plank, R.J., ''Modelling of Flexible End Plate
Connections in Fire Using Cohesive Elements', Proc. Structures in Fire Workshop,
Singapore, pp127-138.
176.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W. Davison, J.B., and Plank, R.J., 'Experimental Investigation of the
Behaviour of Flush Endplate Connections in Fire', Proc. Structures in Fire Workshop,
Singapore, pp150-157.
177.
Abu, A. K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Effects of Edge Support and Reinforcement
Ratios on Slab Panel Failure in Fire', Proc. Structures in Fire Workshop, Singapore,
pp380-391.
178.
Song, Y.Y., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'A New Design Method for Industrial
Portal Frames in Fire', Proc. Structures in Fire Workshop, Singapore, pp302-312.
179.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Plank, R.J., ''Experimental Investigation of the
Tying Capacity of Web Cleat Connections in Fire', Proc. 5th European Conference on
Steel Structures, Graz, Austria 2008, pp1013-1018.
180.
Hu, Y., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., ''Experimental Study on Flexible End
Plate Connections in Fire', Proc. 5th European Conference on Steel Structures, Graz,
Austria 2008, pp1007-1012.
181.
Abu, A. K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Slab Panel Vertical Support and Tensile
Membrane Action in Fire', Steel and Composite Structures, 8 (3), (2008) pp217-230
182.
Burgess, I.W., Santiago, A. and Wald, F., "Behaviour of Steel and Composite Joints in
Fire", Datasheet 1.11, Proc. Proc. COST C26 Symposium: Urban Habitat Constructions
under Catastrophic Events, Malta, pp57-62. ISBN 978-99909-40-2.
183.
Burgess, I.W., Santiago, A. and Wald, F., "Component-Based Approaches to Steel and
Composite Joints in Fire", Datasheet 1.12, Proc. Proc. COST C26 Symposium: Urban
Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events, Malta, pp63-68. ISBN 978-99909-40-2.
184.
Burgess, I.W., Santiago, A. and Wald, F., "Design Procedures for Steel and Composite
Joints in Fire", Datasheet 1.13, Proc. COST C26 Symposium: Urban Habitat Constructions
under Catastrophic Events, Malta, pp69-74. ISBN 978-99909-40-2.
185.
Yu, X.M. and Huang, Z., 'An embedded FE model for modelling reinforced concrete slabs
in fire', Engineering Structures, 30 (11), (2008) pp3228-3238.
2009
186.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W. Davison, J.B., and Plank, R.J., 'Experimental Investigation of the
Behaviour of Fin Plate Connections in Fire', J. Construct. Steel Research, 65, (2009) pp
723736.
187.
Abu, A.K.A., Behaviour of Composite Floor Systems in Fire, PhD thesis, University of
Sheffield, 2009.
188.
Song, Y.Y., Analysis of Industrial Steel Portal Frames under Fire Conditions, PhD thesis,
189.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W. Davison, J.B., and Plank, R.J., 'Tying Capacity of Web Cleat
Connections in Fire. Part 1: Test and Finite Element Simulation', Engineering Structures,
31 (3), (2009) pp 651-663.
30
18 November 2014
190.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W. Davison, J.B., and Plank, R.J., 'Tying Capacity of Web Cleat
Connections in Fire. Part 2: Development of Component-Based Model', Engineering
Structures, 31 (3), (2009) pp 697-708.
191.
Song, Y.Y., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'A New Design Method for Industrial
Portal Frames in Fire', Proc. International Conference: Application of Structural Fire
Engineering, Prague, 2009. Acta Polytechnica, 49 (1), (2009) pp 56-59.
192.
Abu, A.K., Block, F.M., Butterworth, N.A. and Burgess, I.W., 'Structural Fire Engineering
Assessments of the FRACOF and Mokrsko Fire Tests: An Engineering Prediction', Proc.
International Conference: Application of Structural Fire Engineering, Prague, 2009.
193.
Qian, Z.H., Tan, K.H. and Burgess, I.W., 'Numerical and Analytical Investigations of Steel
Beam-to-Column Joints at Elevated Temperatures', J. Construct. Steel Research, 65 (5),
(2009) pp 1043-1054.
194.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Plank, R.J., 'Development of a Yield-Line Model
for Endplate Connections in Fire, J. Construct. Steel Research, 65 (6), (2009) pp12791289.
195.
Wong, V.Y.B, Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Behaviour of Composite Cellular Steel Concrete Beams at Elevated Temperatures', International Journal of Steel Structures, 9,
(2009) pp1-15.
196.
Hu, Y., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Component Modelling of Flexible Endplate Connections in Fire ', International Journal of Steel Structures, 9, (2009) pp 29-38.
197.
Burgess I.W., 'The Robustness of Steel Connections in Fire', Proc. ASCCS 2009, Leeds, pp
103-114.
198.
Song, Y.Y., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'The Behaviour of Single-Storey
Industrial Steel Frames in Fire', Advanced Steel Construction: an International Journal, 5
(3), (2009) pp 289-302.
199.
Burns, R., Hanley, D., Choi, S.K., Burgess, I.W. and Butterworth, N.A., 'Development of a
Light-weight Composite Lattice Joist for Fire Resistance', Proc. Nordic steel Conference
2009, Malmo, pp 188-195.
200.
Wang, Y.C., Burgess, I.W., Wald, F, and Gillie, M., 'Recent Developments in Performance
Based Fire Engineering Research on Steel and Composite Structures in Europe', Proc.
Protect '09, Japan, 2009.
201.
Huang, Z.., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Three-Dimensional Analysis of Reinforced
Concrete Beam-Column Structures in Fire'. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 135
(10), (2009) pp 1201-1212.
2010
202.
Burgess, I.W., 'The Influence of Connections on the Robustness of Composite Structures

in Fire', Proc. HKIE Fire Division one-day Symposium 2010: Fire Engineering for a
Sustainable Future.
203.
Yu, C.M., Huang, Z., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Development and Validation of 3D
Composite Structural Elements at Elevated Temperatures, Journal of Structural
Engineering, ASCE, 136 (3), (2010) pp 275-284.
18 November 2014
31
204.
Hu, Y., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Multi-Scale Modelling of Flexible End
Plate Connections under Fire Conditions', Open Construction and Building Technology
Journal, 4, (2010) pp 88-104.
205.
Wong, V.Y.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Experimental and Analytical Investigations of
the Behaviour of Protected Composite Floor Beams with Web Openings in Fire', Proc.
Structures in Fire Conference, East Lansing, Michigan, pp 366-373.
206.
Abu, A.K., Ramanitrarivo, V. and Burgess, I.W., 'Collapse Mechanisms of Composite Slab
Panels in Fire', Proc. Structures in Fire Conference, East Lansing, Michigan, pp 382-389.
207.
Naili, el-H., Nadjai, A., Song, H., Ali, F., Choi, S.M., Wong, V.Y.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank,
R.J., 'Experimental and Numerical Modelling of Cellular Beams with Elongations
Openings at Elevated Temperature', Proc. Structures in Fire Conference, East Lansing,
Michigan, pp 98-105.
208.
Huang, Z., 'A Simplified Model for Modelling End-Plate Connections in fire', Proc.
Structures in Fire Conference, East Lansing, Michigan, pp 654 -661.
Wong, V.Y.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'A Simplified Design Method for Composite
Floor Beams with Web Openings in Fire', Proc. ICSCS 2010 Conference, Sydney,
Australia, pp 98-105.
209.
210.
Huang, Z., 'The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs in fire', Fire Safety Journal, 45 (5),
(2010) pp 271-282.
211.
Huang, Z., 'Modelling of reinforced concrete structures in fire', Proceedings of the

Institution of Civil Engineers, Engineering and Computational Mechanics,163 (EM1),
(2010), pp43-53.
212.
Abu, A.K. and Burgess, I.W., 'The Effect of Edge Support on Tensile Membrane Action of
Composite Slabs in Fire', keynote paper, Proc. SDSS 2010, Rio de Janeiro, pp 21-32.
213.
Wong, V.Y.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Behaviour of Composite Floor Beams with
Web Openings at High Temperatures', Proc. SDSS 2010, Rio de Janeiro, pp 505-512.
214.
Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W., Plank, R.J., Yu, H.X. and Hu, Y., 'Ductility of Simple Steel
Connections in Fire', Proc. SDSS 2010, Rio de Janeiro, pp 441-448.
215.
Sun R.R., Huang Z. and Burgess I.W. 'A Static/Dynamic Procedure for Collapse Analysis of
Structure in Fire', Proc. Fire Safety Engineering in the UK; the State of the Art, Edinburgh,
UK, November 2010, pp 37-42.
216.
Huang S.S., Burgess I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'The fire safety of joints in composite
structures', Proc. Fire Safety Engineering in the UK; the State of the Art, Edinburgh, UK,
November 2010, pp xx-yy .
217.
Wang,Y.C., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W., Yu, H.X., Plank, R.J. and Bailey, C.G., 'The Safety
of Common Steel Beam/Column Connections in Fire', The Structural Engineer, 88 (21),
(2010) pp 26-35. (IStructE Henry Adams Award 2010)
218.
Huang, Z., Modelling the bond between concrete and reinforcing steel in a
fire, Engineering Structures, 32 (11), 2010, pp 3660-3669.
2011
32
18 November 2014
219.
Yu, H.X., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Plank, R.J., 'Experimental and Numerical
Investigations of the Behaviour of Flush Endplate Connections at Elevated
Temperatures',Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 137 (1), (2011) pp 80-87.
220.
Dong, G., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'Component-Based Element for Endplate
Connections in Fire', Proc. ASFE 2011, Prague, April 2011, pp 195-200.
221.
Huang, Z., " A connection element for modelling end-plate connections in fire" J.
Construct. Steel Research, 67, 2011, pp.841-853.
222.
Yu, X., Zha, X. and Huang, Z., The Influence of spalling on the fire resistance of RC
structures, Advanced Materials Research, 255-260, 2011, pp 519-523.
223.
Yu, X., Zha, X. and Huang, Z., "Failure Mechanisms of Reinforced Concrete Slabs in
Fire", Fire Safety Science, 20(1), 2011, pp1-8.
224.
Huang, S.S., Burgess, I.W. and Huang, Z., 'A Study of the Mechanics of Inelastic Buckling
using a Shanley-like Model'.Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Journal,
Engineering and Computational Mechanics, 164 (EM2), 2011, pp103-119.
225.
Shepherd, P.G. and Burgess, I.W., 'On the Buckling of Axially Restrained Steel Columns in
Fire', Acc. Engineering Structures, 33 (10), 2011, pp 28322838.
226.
Abu, A.K., Ramanitrarivo, V. and Burgess, I.W, 'Collapse Mechanisms of Composite Slab
Panels in Fire', Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, 2 (3), (2011), pp 205-215.
227.
Taib, M. and Burgess, I.W., 'The performance in fire of framed structures with fin-plate
connections', Proc. 6th European Conference on Steel Structures, Budapest, Hungary,
pp1509-1514.
228.
Sun, R.R., Huang, Z. and Burgess, I.W., 'Collapse of steel frames due to progressive
column failure in fire conditions', Proc. 6th European Conference on Steel Structures,
Budapest, Hungary, pp1515-1520.
229.
Huang, S.S., Davison, J.B. and Burgess, I.W., 'Elevated temperature tests on joints to
composite columns', Proc. 6th European Conference on Steel Structures, Budapest,
Hungary, pp1593-1598.
230.
Wong, V.Y.B., Behaviour and Design of Composite Concrete-Steel Beams with Web
Openings in Fire, PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, November 2011.
231.
Huang, Z., A simplified model for analysis of end-plate connections subjected to fire,
Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, 2 (4), (2011), pp 269-288.
2012
232.
Sun, R.R., Huang, Z. and Burgess, I.W., 'Progressive collapse analysis of steel structures
under fire conditions', Engineering Structures, 34 , (2012), pp 400-413.
233.
Burgess, I.W., 'The Robustness of Steel Connections in Fire', Workshop of the Italian
Group of Fracture, Forni di Sopra (UD), Italy, 1-3 March 2012; ISBN 978-88-95940-43-4.
234.
Sun, R.R., Huang, Z. and Burgess, I.W., 'The Collapse Behaviour of Braced Steel Frames
Exposed to Fire', J. Construct Steel Research, 72, (2012), pp 130142.
235.
Taib, M., Burgess, I.W. and Hirashima, T.,'A Component-Based Model for MomentResisting Beam-Splice Connections with High-Strength Bolts at Elevated Temperature',
7th International Conference: Structures in Fire, Zurich (2012).
18 November 2014
33
236.
Hirashima, T.,Taib, M., Wong, V.Y.B. and Burgess, I.W.,'The Behaviour Of Steel Beams
With Moment-Resisting Beam-Splice Connections In Fire', 7th International Conference:
Structures in Fire, Zurich (2012).
237.
Taib, M., 'The Performance of Steel Framed Structures with Fin-Plate Connections in Fire',
PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, July 2012.
238.
Sun, R.R., Burgess, I.W., Huang, Z.H. and Dong, G., 'Modelling of Progressive Failure of
Connections and Ductility Demand of Connections in Fire', 7th International Conference:
Structures in Fire, Zurich (2012).
239.
Abu, A.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Reinforcement Ratios and their Effects on
Composite Slab Panel Failure in Fire', Proc. Institution of Civil Engineers, Structures and
Buildings, 165 (SB7), (2012) pp 385 398.
240.
Huang, S.S. and Burgess, I.W., 'Effect of Transient Strain on Strength of Concrete and CFT
Columns in Fire - Part 1: Elevated-Temperature Analysis on a Shanley-Like Column
Model', Engineering Structures, 44, (2012) pp379-388.
241.
Huang, S.S. and Burgess, I.W., 'Effect of Transient Strain on Strength of Concrete and CFT
Columns in Fire Part 2: Simplified and Numerical Modelling', Engineering
Structures, 44, (2012) pp389-399.
242.
Wong, V.Y.B. and Burgess, I.W., 'The influence of tensile membrane action on fireexposed composite concrete floor-steel beams with web-openings', Proc. 9th AsiaOceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology, Beijing (2012). (To be published
in Procedia Engineering).
243.
Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B., Huang, S.S. and Dong, G., 'The Role of Connections in the
Response of Steel Frames to Fire', Structural Engineering International, 22 (4),(2012)
pp449-461.
244.
Huang, S.S., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'Robustness of Joints to Composite Columns
in Fire',Proc. 11th Int. Conference on Steel, Space and Composite Structures, Qingdao,
China, (2012).
245.
Sun, R.R., Numerical Modelling for Progressive Collapse of Steel Framed Structures in
Fire, PhD thesis, University of Sheffield, November 2012.
246.
Dong, G., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'Application of a General Component-Based
Connection Element in Structural Fire Analysis',Proc. 11th Int. Conference on Steel,
Space and Composite Structures, Qingdao, China, (2012).
2013
247.
Huang, S.S., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'A Structural Fire Engineering Prediction for
the Veseli Fire Tests, 2011', Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, 4 (1), (2013), pp1-8.
248.
Block, F.M., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., Principles of a Component-Based
Connection Element for the Analysis of Steel Frames in Fire, Engineering Structures, 49
(2013) pp10591067.
249.
Huang, S.S., Davison, J.B. and Burgess, I.W., 'High-Temperature Tests on Joints to Steel
and Partially-Encased H-Section Columns', Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 80
(2013) pp243-251.
34
18 November 2014
250.
Huang, S.S., Davison, J.B. and Burgess, I.W., 'Experiments on Reverse-Channel

Connections at Elevated Temperatures', Engineering Structures. 49 (2013) pp973-982.
251.
Dong, G., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Sun, R.-R., 'Development of a General
Component-Based Connection Element for Structural Fire Engineering Analysis',
Applications of Structural Fire Engineering conference, Prague, Czech Republic, April
2013, pp207-213.
252.
Block, F.M., Davison, J.B., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., The Treatment of Cooling and
Deformation-Reversal in Component-Based Connection Elements for the Analysis of
Steel Frames in Fire, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 86 (2013) pp5465.
253.
Johnson, L., Palmiere, E., Thackray, R., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'Behaviour of
Axially Loaded Structural Bolting Assemblies in Fire',
Applications of Structural Fire Engineering conference, Prague, Czech Republic, April
2013, pp214-220.
254.
Burgess, I.W., Dai, X. and Huang, S.-S., 'An Alternative Simplified Model of Tensile
Membrane Action of Slabs in Fire', Applications of Structural Fire Engineering
conference, Prague, Czech Republic, April 2013, pp361-368.
255.
Taib, M. and Burgess, I.W., 'A Component-Based Model for Fin-Plate Connections in
Fire', Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, 4 (2), (2013) pp113-121.
256.
Sun, R.R., Burgess, I.W. and Huang, Z.H., 'Behaviour of Frame Columns in Localised Fires',
Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, 4 (3), (2013) pp175-185.
257.
Abu, A.K., Burgess, I.W. and Plank, R.J., 'Tensile membrane action of thin slabs exposed
to thermal gradients', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 139 (11), (2013) pp1497-1507.
2014
258.
Quan, G., Huang, S.-S. and Burgess, I.W., 'Shear panel component in the vicinity of
beam-column connections in fire', Structures in Fire conference, Shanghai, 2014
259.
Burgess, I.W., Huang, S.-S. and Staikova, S., 'A re-examination of the mechanics of
tensile membrane action in composite floor slabs in fire', Structures in Fire conference,
Shanghai, 2014
260.
Toric, N., Sun, R.-R. and Burgess, I.W., 'Testing the acceptability of different creep strain
calculation models in structural fire analysis', Structures in Fire conference, Shanghai,
2014
261.
Quan, G., Huang, S.-S. and Burgess, I.W., 'Shear panel in the vicinity of beam-column
connections - component-based modelling', Eurosteel 2014, Naples
262.
Dong, G., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'Development of reverse-channel component
model for structural fire engineering analysis', Eurosteel 2014, Naples
Accepted for publication

263.
Dong, G., Burgess, I.W., Davison, J.B. and Sun, R.-R., 'Development of a General
Component-Based Connection Element for Structural Fire Engineering Analysis', Acc.
Journal of Structural Fire Engineering.
264.
Johnson, L., Palmiere, E., Thackray, R., Burgess, I.W. and Davison, J.B., 'Behaviour of
Axially Loaded Structural Bolting Assemblies in Fire', Acc. Journal of Structural Fire
Engineering.
18 November 2014
35
265.
Nguyen, Tuan-Trung, Tan, K.H. and Burgess, I.W., 'Behaviour of Composite Slab-Beam
Systems at Elevated Temperatures: Experimental and Numerical Investigation', Acc.
Engineering Structures.
266.
Sun, R.-R., Burgess, I.W., Huang, Z.-H., Dong, G., 'Progressive Failure Modelling and
Ductility Demand of Steel Beam-to-Column Connections in Fire ', Acc. Engineering
Structures.
267.
Quan, G., Huang, S.-S. and Burgess, I.W., 'A Component-based Approach to Modelling
Shear Panels at Elevated Temperatures', Acc. Engineering Structures.
Currently submitted for journal publication

268.
36
Toric, N., Sun, R.-R. and Burgess, I.W., 'Development of a Creep-Free Stress-Strain Law
for Fire Analysis of Steel Structures'.
18 November 2014

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STRUCTURAL FIRE ENGINEERING RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF

(+44) (0) 114 22 25060

Professor Roger Plank

(+44) (0) 114 22 25727

Vulcan Solutions website:

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Completed Work and the Research Workers Involved

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

1992-1995 Colin Bailey (PhD)

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

temperature performance to existing data on ambient-temperature behaviour. A

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

1998-1999 Graham Knapp (MSc(Res) Student, funded by EPSRC)

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

1996-1999 Dr Zhaohui Huang, (Research Associate, supported by EPSRC)

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

1998-2002 Jun Cai (Research Student, funded by British Steel/SCI)

Dr Antonio Claret de Gouveia (Visiting Scholar, University of Ouro Preto, Brazil)

2000-2003 Dr Zhaohui Huang, (Research Associate, supported by EPSRC)

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

subsequent projects in order to establish a method of routinely allowing localised

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Vui Yee Bernice Wong (Research Assistant, funded by EPSRC)

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

contain rules or guidance on the fire resistance of composite floors employing

Mariati Taib (Research Student, funded by Universiti Sains Malaysia)

Shan Shan Huang (Post-doctoral Research Associate, funded by the European

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Rui Rui Sun (Research Student)

Yuan Tian (Research student, funded by Tata Steel Ltd)

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Current Work and the Research Workers

Tad Song Kho (Research Student, funded by Buro Happold Ltd)

Gang Dong (Research Assistant/research student, funded part-time by the European

Lucy Johnson (Research student, jointly supervised with Engineering Materials,

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Microstructural characterisation and performance of steels used in structural

Mohammad Javaheriafif (Research student)

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

component-based models will be created and implemented in the software Vulcan,

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Group Publications to Date

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Leston-Jones, L.C., The Influence of Semi-Rigid Connections on the Performance of Steel

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Rose, P.S., Simulation of Steel/Concrete Composite Structures in Fire, PhD Thesis,

Shepherd, P.G., The Performance in Fire of Restrained Columns in Steel-Framed

Al-Jabri, K.S., The Behaviour of Steel and Composite Beam-to-Column Connections in

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Spyrou, S. and Davison, J.B., Displacement Measurement in Studies of Steel T-Stub

Jun Cai, 'Developments in Modelling of Composite Building Structures in Fire', PhD

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Spyrou, S., 'Development of a Component-Based Model of Steel Beam-to-Column Joints

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Al-Jabri, K.S., Burgess, I.W., Lennon, T. and Plank, R.J., MomentRotationTemperature

Burgess, I.W., Performance and Design of Multi-Storey Composite Buildings in Fire,

Structural Fire Engineering Research at The University of Sheffield

Yu, C.M., Three-Dimensional Analysis of Composite Structural Elements at Elevated