CS15 Lecture 9 Final 10-02-14 Print

10/9/2014
Method Overloading (1/4)
Method Overloading
Review
Can define multiple methods

of same name within a class,
as long as method signatures
are different
// this is an approximation of what Maths

// three max methods look like
public class Math {
// other code elided
public static int max(int a, int b) {
// return max of two ints
}
Example: java.lang.Math
static method max takes in
two numbers and returns the
greater of the two
public static float max(float a, float b) {

// return max of two floats
}
There are actually three max

methods-- one for ints, one
for floats, one for doubles
public static double max(double a,

double b){
// return max of two doubles
}
}

Methods in same class with
same name but different
parameter lists
When calling an overloaded
method, Java infers which
method you mean based on
parmeter list

public class Math {
}
}
Thus cannot have two methods

with identical signatures but
different return typescompiler
error because Java cant
determine which to call!

Be careful not to confuse
overloading and overriding!
o override an inherited
method in a subclass: the
signatures (name; number,
types, and order of
parameters) must be the
same
o

double b){
}
}

public class Math {
}
}
overload methods in the

same class: names are
same, but signatures must
be different

double b){
}
}
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If neither overriding nor overloading: Can use same name,
indeed signatures for methods in different classes
o Java can differentiate by type of instance on which
method is called during method resolution
o for example: if classes Car and Dog both have a move
method that takes in one parameter of type int, Java
knows to use the Dogs move when called on an
instance of Dog:
Dog dog = new Dog();
Method Overloading: Constructors

Even constructors can be
overloaded! Wardrobe class
has multiple constructors
public class Wardrobe {

private String _top;
private String _bottom;
A String (java.lang.String)
is a sequence of alphanumeric
characters, including space!
Example:
dog.move(1); //Dogs move method is called.

car.move(1); //Cars move method is called.
System.out.println(s);
Method Overloading: Example
public Wardrobe(String top) {

_top = top;
_bottom = Jeans;
}
String s = CS15 Rocks!;
Can use System.out.println

to print any string you want:
Car car = new Car();
public Wardrobe(String top, String bottom) {

_top = top;
_bottom = bottom;
}
public Wardrobe() {
_top = T-Shirt;
_bottom = Jeans;
}
Lecture 9
An overloaded method can call other overloaded methods

public class Plastic {
public Plastic(BurnBook myBurnBook) {
DirtySecret secret = myBurnBook.getDirtySecret();
this.backStab(secret);
}
public void backStab(DirtySecret secret) {
String victim = secret.getVictim(); //find out whose secret it is
this.backStab(victim, secret);
}
public void backStab(String victim, DirtySecret secret) {
//code to backstab elided (we dont teach you how to backstab!)
}
//other methods elided
}
Intro to Swing
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What is Swing?
Creating Applications from Scratch
Swing is an API (Application Programming

interface)
o part of core Java library
Until now, TAs took care of graphical

components for you
o used to create applications with 2D graphics

Frequently used classes in javax.swing package
o javax.swing.JFrame the main window used
by your app
Support code created JFrame, JPanels, all

graphical components
JFrame
JPanel
JButtons
o javax.swing.JPanel-- a canvas that contains

graphical components
o javax.swing.JButton-- a clickable button
From now on, youre in charge of this!

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Pixels and Coordinate System
Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
(0, 0)
GUIs provide a usercontrolled (i.e.,

graphical) way to send
messages to a system
of objects
The screen is a grid of

pixels (tiny dots)
Integer Cartesian plane with:
o origin in upper-left corner
o y-axis increasing downward
Youll use Swing to

create your own GUIs
throughout the semester
o corresponds to Latin-based
languages writing order
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pixels
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Pixels and Coordinate System

(0, 0)
Creating GUIs with Swing
Pattern: instantiate the

Swing components you
need and add them to
graphical containers
When working with Swing,

youll be able to set the size
and location of different
components (panels, buttons,
etc.) in pixels
Start with JFrame

Add JPanel to JFrame
The location of each

component will be the
location of its top left corner
JLabel
Hello, World!
JButtons
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Creating GUIs with Swing
Well learn how to

customize layout later in
lecture
JPanel
Add JButtons,
JLabels, etc. to JPanel
pixels
Swing uses a default

layout to arrange
components in a JFrame
or JPanel
JFrame
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Our First Swing Application

JFrame
JFrame
Spec: app that contains text

reading CS15 Rocks! and
button that randomly
changes the texts color with
every click
JPanel
JLabel
Hello, World!
JButtons
Useful classes: JFrame,

JPanel, JLabel, JButton,
and ActionListener
For now, let Swing do it

for us
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JLabel
JPanel
JButton
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DEMO: ColorTextApp
Process
JFrame
1. Create a top-level App class that

contains an instance of JFrame
JLabel
JPanel
2. Create a subclass of JPanel that

contains an instance of JButton and
an instance of JLabel
3. Add an instance of your JPanel
subclass to the JFrame
JButton
JFrame
JLabel
JPanel
JButton
4. Set up an ActionListener that

changes the labels color each time
the button is clicked
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Top-level Class: ColorTextApp
public class ColorTextApp {
public ColorTextApp() {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(
JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
This is our top-level

class
It contains the JFrame
(window in which the
app will display) as a
component
frame.setVisible(true);
public static void main(String[] args) {

new ColorTextApp();
}
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First we instantiate a
JFrame, which we store in
local variable frame
Note: these slides will omit

import statements at top of
file
}

new ColorTextApp();
}
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Next we call setDefaultCloseOperation on

our JFrame
This method specifies what happens when

user hits x in corner of the JFrame
Pass in constant JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE

as an argument so app will quit when we
press the x
Swing magic keeps JFrames and their

contents alive as long as the x is not
pressed, so they will not be garbagecollected! (Java GCs variables when they
go out of scope cease to exist)

}

new ColorTextApp();
}
Finally, we call the method

setVisible on our JFrame
Pass in boolean value true

as an argument
This makes the JFrame show
up!
Pro tip: Always call this

method last to avoid nasty
layout bugs

new ColorTextApp();
}
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JPanel Subclass: ColorTextPanel
Process
JFrame

contains an instance of JButton
and an instance of JLabel
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JLabel
JPanel
The class
ColorTextPanel is a
JPanel: our canvas that
may contain other Swing
GUI components
Weve specialized this
class to contain and
display a JLabel and a
Jbutton (local vars)
JButton

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public class ColorTextPanel extends JPanel {

public ColorTextPanel() {
JLabel label = new JLabel("CS15 Rocks!");
JButton button = new JButton("Random Color");
Dimension panelSize = new Dimension(150, 75);

this.setPreferredSize(panelSize);
this.add(label);
this.add(button);
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First, we instantiate a
JLabel and JButton
In each case, we pass in
a String as an argument
This String is the text we
want the label/button to
display
Here we pass the
string as a literal;
could also pass a
string variable

Now we set the preferred
size of our panel


this.add(label);
this.add(button);
First, instantiate a Dimension

(object that represents a
width and height, in pixels)
First argument is width,

second is height
Then call method
setPreferredSize on panel,
passing in the Dimension as
an argument

this.add(label);
this.add(button);
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The ColorTextPanel class

Finally, we add the label
and button to the panel by
calling the panels add
method
Process

This is a necessary step

for the label and button to
show up!
}
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this.add(label);
this.add(button);
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JFrame

JLabel
JPanel
JButton

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The ColorTextApp class

First, instantiate a new
ColorTextPanel
Then, add it to the JFrame by

calling the add method
JPanel panel = new ColorTextPanel();

frame.add(panel);
frame.pack();
Finally, call the method pack

on the JFrame
o pack tells frame to resize
itself based on the
preferred sizes of the
components inside it
Process

new ColorTextApp();
}
JFrame

JLabel
JPanel
JButton

changes the labels color each
time the button is clicked
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Responding to User Input
ActionListeners
Need a way to respond to stimulus of button

being clicked
Whenever a JButton is clicked, it generates a

java.awt.event.ActionEvent
We refer to this as event handling
We define class that listens for ActionEvents: must

implement interface java.awt.event.ActionListener
o A source generates an event (like a

mouse click or a key press) and notifies
all registered listeners
ActionListener interface declares method:

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e);
o Each listener has a method for

responding to the event
o stimulus-response mechanism that allows
multiple listeners to respond
This method must be defined in our listener class

o called by Java whenever an ActionEvent is fired
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o specifies response to event
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ActionListeners
JButton
Our ActionListener: ColorListener
ActionListener
ActionEvent e
public class ColorListener implements ActionListener {

private JLabel _label; //associated label
Click!
Our listener class is

ColorListener
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e) {
// Respond here; may or may not use ActionEvent

// (print something to the console,
// tell a JLabel to change color, etc.)
public ColorListener(JLabel label) {

_label = label; }
Its job is to listen for

ActionEvents and
respond to them by
changing the color of a
JLabel
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int red = (int) (Math.random()*256);
int green = (int) (Math.random()*256);
int blue = (int) (Math.random()*256);
Color random = new Color(red, green, blue);
_label.setForeground(random);
}
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private JLabel _label;
Associated with a JLabel,

which it refers to as
_label-- a ColorListener
will be passed the JLabel
whose color it should
change
When ActionEvent is
detected, will change
_labels color

_label = label;
}

_label = label;
}
actionPerformed defines
response to ActionEvent
@Override
}
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In this case, we want it to

generate a random color,
and then set _label to that
color
}
@Override
}
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Use Math.random() to
generate three random ints
0-255
Use them as RGB values
for a new Color
Call JLabel method
setForeground on _label
to set its color to the random
color weve created
}

_label = label;
}
Adding ActionListeners
First, instantiate a ColorListener

Pass in label as argument to
listeners constructor so it knows to
change labels color
Next, use method
ColorListener listener =
addActionListener to add our
new ColorListener(label);
ColorListener to button
button.addActionListener(listener);
Typical pattern: listeners are
added to the event-emitting
component they listen to
this.add(label);
Whenever button emits an
this.add(button);
}
ActionEvent, listener will hear and
}
respond to it
@Override
}
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The Whole App
Process
JFrame

2. Create a subclass of JFrame that

JPanel panel = new ColorTextPanel();

frame.add(panel);
frame.pack();
JLabel
3. Add a JPanel to the JFrame

JPanel
JButton
}
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ColorListener listener = new ColorListener(label);
button.addActionListener(listener);
this.add(label);
this.add(button);
}

_label = label;
}

new ColorTextApp();
}
@Override
}
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Logical vs. Graphical Containment

JFrame
Putting It All Together
ColorTextApp
ColorTextApp
ColorTextPanel
JFrame
JLabel
ColorTextPanel
JButton
JLabel
JFrame
JButton

JPanel, JLabel, Timer,
ActionListener
JPanel
JButton
Graphically, the ColorTextPanel is contained within the JFrame, but logically, both are
contained together in a top-level App class; App and ColorListener arent graphic!
Logical containment is based on where objects are created, while graphical is based on swing
elements being added to other swing elements via the add() method
Note: The JButton also has a reference to ColorListener, but this reference is omitted from our
diagram to avoid excessive complexity.
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DEMO: Clock
Another Swing App: Clock

Specifications: App
should display the
current date and time,
updating every second
ColorListener
ColorListener
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JLabel
JFrame
JPanel
JLabel
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Using Timers
Using Timers
The class javax.swing.Timer comes in handy when we
need to perform a task repeatedly at regular intervals
When we instantiate a Timer, we pass it:
o
o
ActionListener
ActionEvent e
Timer
Tick!
An int (number of milliseconds between Timer ticks)

An ActionListener that should be notified when the
Timer emits an ActionEvent (on every tick)
public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e ) {
Were going to use a Timer to update the time displayed

on our JLabel at regular intervals
// Respond to ActionEvent here!

// (print something to the console, tell
// a JLabel to update its text, etc.)
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Top-level Class: Clock
Process: Clock
1. Create top-level class that
contains a JFrame
public class Clock {
JFrame
2. Write a subclass of JPanel that

contains a JLabel. Add an
instance of it to our JFrame
3. Write a class that implements
ActionListener-- it should know
about a JLabel and update its
text on every ActionEvent
4. Instantiate a listener and a Timer,
and start the Timer
public Clock() {
As in the previous
example, we create a toplevel class that contains a
JFrame
JPanel
Specify closing behavior of

JFrame the same way we
did last time
JLabel
}
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frame.pack();

new Clock();
}
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Process: Clock
Top-level Class: Clock

contains a JFrame
Call pack on the JFrame so

it will resize itself based on
its contents (which well be
adding soon)
public Clock() {
Last, make the frame show

up by calling
setVisible(true);
frame.pack();

new Clock();
}
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JPanel subclass: ClockPanel

Well call our JPanel
subclass ClockPanel
Call setPreferredSize on
panel, passing in the
Dimension we created

ActionListener -- it should
know about a JLabel and update
its text on every ActionEvent
JLabel
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JPanel subclass: ClockPanel

public class ClockPanel extends JPanel {
public ClockPanel() {
Dimension panelSize =
new Dimension(250, 50);
Instantiate a JLabel, which

will be used to display
current time
Add the JLabel to our
panel
JLabel timeLabel = new JLabel();

this.add(timeLabel);
}
JPanel

and start the Timer
As in previous example,
create a Dimension to
represent desired width and
height of panel
JFrame


}
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Process: Clock
Adding a ClockPanel to our JFrame

contains a JFrame

public Clock() {
Back in our top-level class

ClockPanel panel = new ClockPanel();

frame.add(panel);
After instantiating our

JFrame, we instantiate a
ClockPanel and add it to
the frame
frame.pack();

new Clock();
}
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Our ActionListener: TimerListener

A TimerListeners job will
be responding to
ActionEvents fired by a
Timer
public class TimerListener

implements ActionListener {
private JLabel _timeLabel; //associated label
public TimerListener(JLabel label) {
_timeLabel = label; }
Knows about a particular

JLabel, whose text it will
modify with every
ActionEvent
}
@Override
long currTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Date now = new Date(currTime);
_timeLabel.setText(now.toString());
}
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ActionListener-- it should
know about a JLabel and
update its text on every
ActionEvent
JFrame
JPanel
JLabel

and start the Timer
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When ActionEvent fires, we
first determine current date
and time

private JLabel _timeLabel;
_timeLabel = label;
}
System.currentTimeMillis
returns number of
milliseconds elapsed since
midnight January 1, 1970
Can convert this number to
the actual date and time by
passing it into a new
java.util.Date
@Override
}
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Next, we convert our Date
object to a String using its
toString method

contains a JFrame

@Override
}
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Instantiating a TimerListener
In constructor of
ClockPanel class, we
instantiate a new
TimerListener
JPanel
JLabel
4. Instantiate a listener and a

Timer, and start the Timer
Next, instantiate a new Timer,

and store it in instance
variable _timer
o first argument is number of
ms between ticks

TimerListener listener =
new TimerListener(timeLabel);
_timer = new Timer(100, listener);
_timer.start();
}

ActionListener-- it should know
about a JLabel and update its
text on every ActionEvent
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Instantiating and starting a Timer

private Timer _timer;
Pass in our JLabel,

timeLabel, as an argument
so the TimerListener will
update its text
JFrame


_timeLabel = label;
}
We pass the resulting date

string into _timeLabels
setText method to update
_timeLabels text
Process: Clock
}
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o second argument is the

listener that will be notified
on every tick
TimerListener listener =
new TimerListener(timeLabel);
_timer.start();
Dont forget to call start on

the Timer!
}
}
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The Whole App


public Clock() {
ClockPanel panel = new ClockPanel();
frame.add(panel);
Putting It All Together: Clock

Clock
TimerListener listener = new TimerListener(timeLabel);

_timer.start();
}
}
frame.pack();
JFrame
ClockPanel

_timeLabel = label;
}

new Clock();
}
@Override
}
JLabel
TimerListener
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Timer
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DEMO: ColorPanelApp
A Third Swing App: ColorPanelApp

JFrame
Specification: An app
with three sliders that
the user can drag to
change the RGB values
of the background color
JPanel, JSlider,
ChangeListener
JPanel
JSlider
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ChangeListeners
Using JSliders
A JSlider lets the user graphically select a value by
sliding an arrow within a bounded interval
ChangeListener
ChangeEvent e
One way to construct is by passing two ints (minimum

and maximum values) as arguments:
JSlider
JSlider slider = new JSlider(0, 30);
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
To get the value of the slider, we can use the getValue

method
A JSlider emits ChangeEvents when value changes-to listen for them, we use a ChangeListener
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// Respond to ChangeEvent here!

// (print something to the console, tell
// a JLabel to update its text, etc.)
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Top-level Class: ColorPanelApp
Process: ColorPanelApp
JFrame

contains a JFrame
public class ColorPanelApp {
This top-level class is

almost identical to
those of the other
examples-- we follow
same pattern of setting
up JFrame

contains three JSliders, add an
instance of it to the JFrame
3. Write a ChangeListener that
changes a JPanels color based
on value of a JSlider
4. Add ChangeListeners to the
JSliders
JPanel
public ColorPanelApp() {
Instantiate JFrame, set

its close operation, call
pack and setVisible
JSlider
}
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frame.pack();

new ColorPanelApp();
}
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JPanel Subclass: ColorPanel
JFrame

contains a JFrame
ColorPanel is a
JPanel
2. Write a subclass of JPanel

that contains three JSliders,
add an instance of it to the
JFrame
JPanel
Want panel to start out

gray, so call method
setBackground
JSlider
Finally, add each slider

to panel
Adding a ColorPanelApp to the JFrame

public ColorPanel() {
this.setBackground(Color.GRAY);
JSlider sliderRed = new JSlider(0, 255);
JSlider sliderGreen = new JSlider(0, 255);
JSlider sliderBlue = new JSlider(0, 255);
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public class ColorPanel extends JPanel {
Arguments are
beginning/end of
sliders range: we give
each range 0-255 (one
byte/RGB channel)
this.add(sliderRed);
this.add(sliderGreen);
this.add(sliderBlue);
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JPanel Subclass: ColorPanel

Instantiate three
JSliders: one to
control each channel
(red, green, and blue)
As in other examples,
create a Dimension,
give it desired width
and height, then call
setPreferredSize

JSliders
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Just as we did in
previous examples,
first instantiate a panel,
then call add to add it
to the JFrame
ColorPanel panel = new ColorPanel();

frame.add(panel);
frame.pack();

}
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Changing a JPanels Color

Every JPanel has a pair of accessor and mutator methods,
setBackground and getBackground
JFrame

contains a JFrame
We have three JSliders-- one to control each color channel of the

Jpanel. Each Jslider has its own listener

When red sliders listener detects that its slider has been moved:
o it calls getBackground to ask the panel for its current color

changes a JPanels color
based on value of a JSlider
JSliders
JPanel
o it creates a new instance of Color, using the R value from the

slider and the G and B values from the panels current
background color (since they havent changed)
JSlider
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Our ChangeListener: SliderListener

A SliderListeners job is to
change the color of a JPanel
based on the value of a JSlider
public class SliderListener

implements ChangeListener {
Since JSliders emit

ChangeEvents whenever their
value changes, SliderListener
implements ChangeListener
interface
Defines method stateChanged.
SliderListener will be coded
generically so it can be used for
each slider
public SliderListener(JPanel panel, int channel,

JSlider slider){
_panel = panel;
_channel = channel;
_slider = slider;
}

private JPanel _panel;
private int _channel;
private JSlider _slider;
o The JPanel whose color

it should change
public SliderListener(JPanel panel, int channel,

JSlider slider){
_panel = panel;
_channel = channel;
_slider = slider;
}
o Which channel (red,

green, or blue) to modify
o Which slider it listens to
Well represent the channel as
an int: 0 means red, 1 means
green, 2 means blue
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Our ChangeListener: SliderListener

To do its job, it needs to know
three things:

private JSlider _slider;
@Override
// implementation elided for now
}
o it calls setBackground, passing in the new Color
@Override
// implementation elided for now
}
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The stateChanged method

// rest of class SliderListener elided for now
@Override
Method is called whenever
val = _slider.getValue();
value of the listeners JSlider int
Color bg = _panel.getBackground();
Color newbg;
changes
Should modify the appropriate

color channel of the JPanels
background color
Must take in a ChangeEvent
as a parameter, because it is
required by the
ChangeListener interface;
doesnt use it in this case
}
switch(_channel){
case 0:
newbg = new Color(val, bg.getGreen(),
bg.getBlue());
break;
case 1:
newbg = new Color(bg.getRed(), val,
bg.getBlue());
break;
default:
newbg = new Color(bg.getRed(), bg.getGreen(),
val);
}
_panel.setBackground(newbg);
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Next, we get the JPanels
current background color

@Override
int val = _slider.getValue();
Color newbg;
switch(_channel){
case 0:
We declare a new Color, newBg,
bg.getBlue());
break;
to which well assign a different
case 1:
value based on which color
bg.getBlue());
channel the listener is supposed
break;
to change
default:
val);
}
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}

@Override
Color newbg;
Need to determine new value of

JSlider
Since we know the source is the
JSlider, we can retrieve value
by calling getValue on _slider
switch(_channel){
case 0:
bg.getBlue());
break;
case 1:
bg.getBlue());
break;
default:
val);
}
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Depending on the value of
_channel, we set newBg to
different color

@Override
a
Color newbg;
In each case, only the specified

color channel changes; we use
the gets for the values of the
unchanged channels
Once weve changed the
appropriate channel, we set the
JPanels background color to
newBg
}
switch(_channel){
case 0:
bg.getBlue());
break;
case 1:
bg.getBlue());
break;
default:
val);
}
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Setting up our SliderListeners
Back in ColorPanel
class
JFrame

contains a JFrame
Call method
addChangeListener on
each slider, passing in a
new instance of
SliderListener

JSliders
JPanel
JSlider
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The Whole App (1/2)
Pass in ColorPanel,
appropriate channel
number and slider as
arguments to each
SliderListener
sliderRed.addChangeListener(
new SliderListener(this, 0, sliderRed));
sliderGreen.addChangeListener(
new SliderListener(this, 1, sliderGreen));
sliderBlue.addChangeListener(
new SliderListener(this, 2, sliderBlue));
}
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The Whole App (2/2)

ColorPanel panel = new ColorPanel();
frame.add(panel);
sliderRed.addChangeListener(
new SliderListener(this, 0, sliderRed));
sliderGreen.addChangeListener(
new SliderListener(this, 1, sliderGreen));
sliderBlue.addChangeListener(
new SliderListener(this, 2, sliderBlue));
frame.pack();

}

public SliderListener(JPanel panel, int channel){
_panel = panel;
_channel = channel;
}
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@Override
Color newbg;
switch(_channel){
case 0:
bg.getBlue());
break;
case 1:
bg.getBlue());
break;
default:
val);
}
}
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Putting It All Together: ColorPanelApp
Buttons in Swing
ColorPanelApp
JFrame
Some buttons in Swing:

javax.swing.JButton
javax.swing.JToggleButton
javax.swing.JCheckBox
javax.swing.JRadioButton
ColorPanel
JSlider
SliderListener
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ButtonGroups
Buttons in Swing
How do we make options mutually exclusive

(i.e. you can only click one button at a time)?
o
o
put them in a button group

javax.swing.ButtonGroup
Buttons that can be added to ButtonGroup:

JRadioButton
JToggleButton
JMenuItem (for advanced users)
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Modified ColorTextApp: RadioColorListener
JRadioButtons & ButtonGroups

How to use a ButtonGroup:
o
public class RadioColorListener implements ActionListener {

private Color _currentColor
public RadioColorListener(JLabel label, Color color) {
_label = label;
_currentColor = color;
}
@Override
_label.setForeground(_currentColor);
}
}
create buttons
JRadioButton rB1 = new JRadioButton(Green, not Red);

JRadioButton rB2 = new JRadioButton(Red, not Green);
create ButtonGroup
ButtonGroup bGroup = new ButtonGroup();
add buttons to ButtonGroup

bGroup.add(rB1);
bGroup.add(rB2);
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Modified ColorTextApp: ColorTextPanel

Assume all the swing
JRadioButton buttonForRed = new JRadioButton("Red");
components are
JRadioButton buttonForGreen = new JRadioButton(Green);
imported!
RadioColorListener redListener = new RadioColorListener(label, Color.RED);
RadioColorListener greenListener = new RadioColorListener(label, Color.GREEN);
//add listeners to their buttons
buttonForRed.addActionListener(redListener);
buttonForGreen.addActionListener(greenListener);
//create button group and add buttons to it
ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
buttonGroup.add(buttonForRed);
buttonGroup.add(buttonForGreen);
More Complicated Swing Apps

The examples weve seen so far have been small and
simple
What if we want to construct a more realistic GUI?
For more complex projects

you might want to give the
Buttons a separate JPanel
and use LayoutManagers
(stay tuned!)
We can use LayoutManagers to arrange components

nicely within JPanels
//add label and buttons to ColorTextPanel

this.add(label);
this.add(buttonForRed);
this.add(buttonForGreen);
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FlowLayout
Using java.awt.LayoutManagers
Each JPanel contains a LayoutManager to
automatically arrange its sub-components
Default layout used by

all JPanels
LayoutManager interface implemented by classes:

o
java.awt.FlowLayout
java.awt.GridLayout
java.awt.BorderLayout
Arranges components
from left to right, top to
bottom
To specify the LayoutManager for a JPanel, either

pass an instance of one of these classes to the panels
constructor or to its setLayout method later
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FlowLayout
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GridLayout
public class FlowTest extends JFrame {

public FlowTest() {
super();
this.setSize(200, 300);
JButton b1 = new JButton(One);
JButton b2 = new JButton(Two);
JButton b3 = new JButton(Tree);
JButton b4 = new JButton(Four);
JButton b5 = new JButton(Five);
JButton b6 = new JButton(Six);
JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
When it reaches the

edge of the panel,
moves to next row
FlowLayout fl = new Flowlayout();

mainPanel.setLayout(fl);
mainPanel.add(b1);
mainPanel.add(b2);
mainPanel.add(b3);
mainPanel.add(b4);
mainPanel.add(b5);
mainPanel.add(b6);
this.add(mainPanel);
this.pack();
this.setVisible(true);
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Arranges components in
a grid
Add components left to
right, top to bottom
Must specify grid size in
constructor-- number of
rows and columns
Each cell in grid is same
size, determined by
largest element in grid
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BorderLayout
GridLayout
p1.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
p2.setBackground(Color.RED);
p3.setBackground(Color.ORANGE);
p4.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
p5.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
p6.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
public class GridTest extends JFrame {

public GridTest() {
super();
JPanel p1 = new JPanel();
GridLayout gl = new GridLayout(3, 2);

mainPanel.setLayout(gl);
mainPanel.add(p1);
mainPanel.add(p2);
mainPanel.add(p3);
mainPanel.add(p4);
mainPanel.add(p5);
mainPanel.add(p6);
this.pack();
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Splits JPanel into 5

regions: NORTH, SOUTH,
EAST, WEST, CENTER
o
These are all static

constants
Must specify region when

adding component to its
container
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BorderLayout
BorderLayout
p1.setBackground(Color.RED);
p2.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
p3.setBackground(Color.ORANGE);
p4.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
p5.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
public class BorderTest extends JFrame {
Dont have to fill all

regions-- default size of a
region is (0, 0)
public BorderTest() {
super();
BorderLayout will adjust

dynamically depending
on what has been added
Typically add to CENTER
first-- it should be largest
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BorderLayout bl = new BorderLayout();

mainPanel.setLayout(bl);
mainPanel.add(p1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
mainPanel.add(p2, BorderLayout.NORTH);
mainPanel.add(p3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
mainPanel.add(p4, BorderLayout.EAST);
mainPanel.add(p5, BorderLayout.WEST);
this.pack();
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LayoutManagers
LayoutManagers
Youll be using layouts a lot in

CS15-- practice playing around
with them!
Try taking the previous example
and calling setPreferredSize
on each sub-panel to change
their sizes and shapes
If you want to test your
understanding (and want to get
a headstart on Cartoon), try
making something like this:
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Swing: Summary
Announcements
Swing has a variety of tools to help you make

GUIs:
On-time Due Date for TASafeHouse is Friday,

October 3rd, at 10:00 PM
o
o
o
JFrames, JPanels, JButtons, and JSliders, arranged using

LayoutManagers
ActionListeners and ChangeListeners to respond to user input
Timers to perform a task at regular intervals
Late Due Date for TASafeHouse is Sunday,

October 5th, at 11:59 PM
On future projects, instead of relying on support

code for graphical elements, you will use these
tools yourself!
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26

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10/9/2014

Method Overloading (1/4)

Can define multiple methods

// this is an approximation of what Maths

public static float max(float a, float b) {

There are actually three max

public static double max(double a,

Method Overloading (2/4)

// this is an approximation of what Maths

Thus cannot have two methods

Method Overloading (3/4)

public static double max(double a,

// this is an approximation of what Maths

overload methods in the

public static double max(double a,

Method Overloading (4/4)

Method Overloading: Constructors

public class Wardrobe {

dog.move(1); //Dogs move method is called.

Method Overloading: Example

public Wardrobe(String top) {

String s = CS15 Rocks!;

Can use System.out.println

Car car = new Car();

public Wardrobe(String top, String bottom) {

An overloaded method can call other overloaded methods

Creating Applications from Scratch

Swing is an API (Application Programming

Until now, TAs took care of graphical

o used to create applications with 2D graphics

Support code created JFrame, JPanels, all

o javax.swing.JPanel-- a canvas that contains

From now on, youre in charge of this!

Pixels and Coordinate System

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

GUIs provide a usercontrolled (i.e.,

The screen is a grid of

Youll use Swing to

Pixels and Coordinate System

Creating GUIs with Swing

Pattern: instantiate the

When working with Swing,

Start with JFrame

The location of each

Creating GUIs with Swing

Well learn how to

Swing uses a default

Our First Swing Application

Spec: app that contains text

Useful classes: JFrame,

For now, let Swing do it

1. Create a top-level App class that

2. Create a subclass of JPanel that

4. Set up an ActionListener that

Top-level Class: ColorTextApp

Top-level Class: ColorTextApp

public class ColorTextApp {

public class ColorTextApp {

This is our top-level

public static void main(String[] args) {

Note: these slides will omit

public static void main(String[] args) {

Top-level Class: ColorTextApp

Next we call setDefaultCloseOperation on