AMNIOINFUSION

Chapter 15
Infusion of room-temperature normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution through an intrauterine
pressure catheter into the uterine cavity in an attempt to increase the fluid around the umbilical
cord and prevent compression during uterine contractions.
AMNIOTOMY
Chapter 16
Artificial rupture of the amniotic sac (fetal membranes).
ANEUPLOIDY
Chapter 6
An abonormal number of chromosomes.
APGAR score
Chapter 23
an evaluation of a newborn's physical condition, usually performed 1 minute and again 5 minutes
after birth, based on a rating of five factors that reflect the infant's ability to adjust to
extrauterine life. The system rapidly identifies infants requiring immediate intervention or
transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit.
ARNOLD-CHIARI MALFORMATION
Chapter 45
Abnormalities of the fourth ventricle, lower cerebellum, and brainstem; often associated with
myelomeningocele.
ASPHYXIA
Chapter 15
Fetal hypoxia that results in metabolic acidosis.
ASSOCIATIVE PLAY
Chapter 33
Group play without group goals.
ATOPY
Chapter 40
Genetic predisposition for the development of an immunoglobulin E (IgE)mediated response to
common aeroallergens.
AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA
Chapter 49
A syndrome affecting persons with a spinal cord lesion above the midthoracic level (tetraplegics
and some paraplegics) that is characterized by hypertension, bradycardia, severe headaches,
pallor below and flushing above the cord lesions, and convulsions. It is the result of impaired
function of the autonomic nervous system caused by simultaneous sympathetic and
parasympathetic activity, such as may occur with bowel or bladder distension pain or a pressure
ulcer. It is usually a medical emergency requiring care in an intensive care unit. A
cerebrovascular accident and death may occur during an attack.
AUTOREGULATION
Chapter 45

The unique ability of the cerebral arteries to maintain a steady blood flow during changes in
blood pressure and perfusion by adjusting their diameter in response to alterations in cerebral
perfusion pressure.
AZOTORRHEA
Chapter 40
Putrefied protein.
BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (BE)
Chapter 42
An acute or subacute bacterial infection of the endocardium or the heart valves or both. The
condition is characterized by heart murmur, prolonged fever, bacteremia, splenomegaly, and
embolic phenomena.
BLAST CELLS
Chapter 43
Immature white blood cells, such as lymphoblasts, myeloblasts, or monoblasts.
BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE)
Chapter 25
Chronic pulmonary condition in which damage to the infant's lungs requires prolonged
dependence on supplemental oxygen. Also called chronic lung disease.
brown fat or brown adipose tissue
Chapter 22
Highly vascular specialized fat found in the newborn that provides more heat than other fat when
metabolized.
caput succedaneum
Chapter 22
Area of edema over the presenting part of the fetus or newborn, resulting from pressure against
the cervix. Usually called simply caput.
cephalhematoma
Chapter 22
Bleeding between the periosteum and skull from pressure during birth; does not cross
suture lines.
cleansing breath
Chapter 14
A deep breath taken at the beginning and end of each labor contraction.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP
Chapter 22
Instability of the hip joint leading to dislocation in the neonatal period. Although it
may be associated with various neuromuscular disorders, such as myelodysplasia, or
occur in utero, it most commonly occurs in neurologically normal infants and is
multifactorial in origin. Usually there is laxity of the hip ligaments. Most affected
infants are firstborn children, and 30% to 50% present in the breech position. About
90% of those affected are girls. The condition was formerly called congenital

dislocation of the hip, but because the dislocation is not normally present at birth but
develops later, the term developmental dysplasia of the hip is preferred.
Dyspareunia
INVOLUTION
Chapter 18
Retrogressive changes that return the reproductive organs, particularly the uterus, to
their nonpregnant size and condition.
KERNICTERUS
Chapter 22
Staining of brain tissue caused by accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain.
Also called bilirubin encephalopathy.
Chapter 4
Difficult or painful coitus in women.
ERYTHEMA TOXICUM
Chapter 22
Benign rash of unknown cause in newborns, with blotchy red areas that may have
white or yellow papules or vesicles in the center.
HEMORRHAGIC (HYPOVOLEMIC) SHOCK
Chapter 21
Shock associated with the sudden and rapid loss of significant amounts of blood.
Severe traumatic injuries often cause such blood losses. This results in inadequate
perfusion to meet the metabolic demands of cellular function. Death occurs within a
relatively short time unless transfusion quickly restores normal blood volume.
Hemorrhagic shock often accompanies secondary shock.
HYDROPS FETALIS
Chapter 25
Heart failure and generalized edema in the fetus secondary to severe anemia
resulting from destruction of erythrocytes.