Sol 5b10

Chapter 10: Solving Triangles
109
Chapter 10 Solving Triangles

Skills Assessment (P.150)
1. (a)
a sin2 i + cos2 i = 1
`
sin2 i = 1 - cos2 i
2
(b) a sin i = 1 - cos i

2
= 1 - a 23 k
5
= 9
2. (a)
(i)
(ii)
5
5
sin i = 3 or - 3 (rejected)
sin 150c = sin (180c - 30c)

= sin 30c
sin 150c = sin 30c
(c)
Exercise 10A (P.162)

1. By the sine formula,
x cm
3 cm
=
sin 60c
sin 40c
x=
3 sin 60c
sin 40c
= 4.04, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

x cm
6 cm
=
sin 35c
sin 120c
= 21
sin i = 1
` i = 90c
x=
6 sin 35c
sin 120c

(b) (i)
(ii)
cos 135c = cos (180c - 45c)

= -cos 45c
cos 135c = -cos 45c
2
=- 2
3. (a)
3. a
A + B + C = 180c
55c + B + 75c = 180c
`
B = 50c
By the sine formula,
x cm
5 cm
=
sin 75c
sin 50c
Reference angle a = 30c

a sin i is negative,
` i lies in Quad. III or Quad. IV.
` i = 180c + 30c or i = 360c - 30c
i.e. i = 210c or 330c
Reference angle a = 60c

a cos i is positive,
` i lies in Quad. I or Quad. IV.
` i = 60c or i = 360c - 60c
i.e. i = 60c or 300c
10 NSS TM 5B (E)-1P-TL.indd 109
5 sin 75c
sin 50c

(b) 2 cos i = 1
cos i = 21
x=
8 cm
6.5 cm
=
sin 44c
sin i
` sin i =
`
8 sin 44c
6.5
i = 58.8c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
2011/1/3 4:12:00 PM
110
Solutions

12 cm
10 cm
= sin E
sin 25c
`
`
sin E =
12 sin 25c
10
E = 30.474c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

i = 180c - 25c - 30.474c
= 125c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
9. a
A + B + C = 180c
A + 46c + 105c = 180c
`
A = 29c
c
a
= sin C
sin A
5 sin 115c
9
27 sin 29c
cm
sin 105c
= 13.6 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
5 cm
9 cm
=
sin 115c
sin i
` sin i =
c sin A
a = sin C
Similarly, sin B = sin C

c sin B
b = sin C
=
1.7 cm
3.4 cm
=
sin 30c
sin i
sin i =
3.4 sin 30c

1.7
=1
i = 90c
27 sin 46c
cm
sin 105c
10. a
A + B + C = 180c
113c + B + 32c = 180c
`
B = 35c
b
a
= sin B
sin A
8. a
A + B + C = 180c
36c + 68c + C = 180c
`
C = 76c
b
a
= sin A
sin B
20 sin 113c
cm
sin 35c
a sin B
b = sin A
b sin A
a = sin B
Similarly, sin C = sin B
9 sin 68c
cm
sin 36c
b sin C
c = sin B

=
c
a
Similarly, sin C = sin A
20 sin 32c
cm
sin 35c
a sin C
c = sin A
9 sin 76c
cm
sin 36c
2011/1/3 4:12:18 PM
15. a
7 cm
5 cm
=
sin B
sin 57c
sin B =
7 sin 57c
5

` There are no solutions for B and no 3ABC
A + B + C = 180c
30c + 60c + C = 180c
`
C = 90c
a
b
=
sin 30c
sin 60c
a
sin 30c
=
b
sin 60c
can be formed.

6 cm
3 cm
=
sin B
sin 30c
=1
`
B = 90c
` 3ABC can be formed and B = 90c.
` a:b=1:
b
sin 60c
c = sin 90c
3
= 2
8 cm
4 cm
=
sin B
sin 140c
8 sin 140c
4

` There are no solutions for B and no 3ABC
can be formed.
` b:c=
3 :2
` a : b : c =1: 3 :2
16. (a)
By Pythagoras Theorem,
WY 2 + XY 2 = WX 2
WY =
P + Q + R = 180c
75c + 45c + R = 180c
`
R = 60c
(b) By the sine formula,

PQ
PR
= sin R
sin Q
sin Q
PR
= sin R
PQ
WX 2 - XY 2
2
2
= 10 - 6 cm
= 8 cm
c
b
= sin C
sin 60c
14. (a)
1
2
3
2
= 1
6 sin 30c
sin B =
3
` sin B =
111

WZ
8 cm
=
sin 65c
sin 48c
` WZ =
8 sin 48c
cm
sin 65c
sin 45c
sin 60c
2
2
3
2
2
3
6
= 3
2011/1/3 4:12:34 PM
112
Solutions
17. (a)
A + B + C = 180c
A + 15c + 70c = 180c
`
A = 95c
5 cm
7 cm
=
sin B
sin 126c
` sin B =
a
2 cm
=
sin 95c
sin 15c
a=
2 sin 95c
cm
sin 15c

(b) a
A + B + C = 180c
A + 132c + 26c = 180c
`
A = 22c
a=
a A + B = 20c + 54c
= 74c
1 180c
` 3ABC can be formed.
A + B + C = 180c
20c + 54c + C = 180c
`
C = 106c
11 sin 22c
cm
sin 26c
b
4 cm
=
sin 54c
sin 20c
`
18. (a)
6.5 cm
9 cm
=
sin B
sin 45c
B = 78.3c, cor. to 1 d.p.
or
B = 180c - 78.257c
= 101.7c, cor. to 1 d.p.

8.1 cm
9.6 cm
=
sin B
sin 70c
` sin B =
`
Similarly,
9 sin 45c
6.5
8.1 sin 70c

9.6
B = 52.5c, cor. to 1 d.p.
b=
4 sin 54c
cm
sin 20c
` sin B =
B = 35.3c, cor. to 1 d.p.
a
11 cm
=
sin 22c
sin 26c
20. (a)
5 sin 126c
7
c
4 cm
=
sin 106c
sin 20c
c=
78.257
4 sin 106c
cm
sin 20c
= 11.2 cm , cor. to
3 sig. fig.
(b) a L + M = 31c + 85c
= 116c
1 180c
` 3LMN can be formed.
a
L + M + N = 180c
31c + 85c + N = 180c
`
N = 64c
19. (a)

10 cm
12 cm
=
sin B
sin 103c
10 sin 103c
` sin B =
12
l
7.5 cm
=
sin 64c
sin 31c
l=
7.5 sin 31c

cm
sin 64c
B = 54.3c, cor. to 1 d.p.
2011/1/3 4:12:50 PM
Similarly,
(c)
7.5 cm
m
=
sin 64c
sin 85c
8.3 cm
7 cm
=
sin Z
sin 108c
It is given that D is an obtuse angle,

d = 6 cm and e = 3.5 cm.
a d2e
` 3DEF can be formed.
3.5 cm
6 cm
=
sin E
sin 145c

` There are no solutions for Z and no
3XYZ can be formed.
22. (a)
It is given that K is an acute angle,

k = 4 cm and l = 3.5 cm.
a k2l
` 3HKL can be formed.
3.5 sin 145c

6
` sin E =
8.3 sin 108c

7
` sin Z =
= 8.31 cm , cor. to
3 sig. fig.
21. (a)
7.5 sin 85c

m=
cm
sin 64c
3.5 cm
4 cm
=
sin L
sin 39c
E = 19.5c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

19.547
3.5 sin 39c

4
` sin L =
` F = 180c - 145c - 19.547c

= 15.5c, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 15.453
` H = 180c - 39c - 33.412c

f
6
=
sin 15.453c
sin 145c
f=
6 sin 15.453c
cm
sin 145c

9 cm
8 cm
=
sin T
sin 162c
` sin T =
113
9 sin 162c
8
`
T = 20.3c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
But R + T = 162c + 20.3c
= 182.3c
2 180c
i.e. No 3RST can be formed.
L = 33.4c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

33.412
107.59

h
4
=
sin 39c
sin 107.59c
h=
4 sin 107.59c
cm
sin 39c

5 cm
3 cm
=
sin R
sin 54c
` sin R =
5 sin 54c
3

` There are no solutions for R and no
3PQR can be formed.
2011/1/3 4:13:02 PM
114
Solutions
(c)
23. (a)
In 3ACD, by the sine formula,
4.5 cm
6 cm
=
sin Y
sin 41c
sin Y =
9 cm
6 cm
=
sin +DCB
sin 30c
6 sin 41c
4.5
` Y = 61.0c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

or Y = 180c - 61.015c
When Y = 61.015c,
X + Y = 41c + 61.015c
= 102.015c
1 180c
` 3XYZ can be formed.
` Z = 180c - 41c - 61.015c
= 78.0c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
` sin +DCB =
`
+DCB = 48.590c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
a
DC = DB
` +DBC = +DCB = 48.590c
` +BDC = 180c - +DCB - +DBC
= 180c - 48.590c - 48.590c
61.015
118.99
82.820
(b) In 3BCD, by the sine formula,
BC
6 cm
=
sin 82.820c
sin 48.590c
77.985
z
4.5 cm
=
sin Z
sin 41c
24. (a)
= 6.71 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

When Y = 118.99c,
X + Y = 41c + 118.99c
= 159.99c
1 180c
` 3XYZ can be formed.
3.5 cm
B
3.6 cm
20.01
4.5 sin 20.01c

cm
sin 41c

` Y = 61.0c, Z = 78.0c, z = 6.71 cm
or Y = 119c, Z = 20.0c, z = 2.35 cm
6 sin 82.820c
cm
sin 48.590c
As shown in the figure below, from point B

construct BE parallel to AD cutting DC at
E, so that the trapezium is divided into a
parallelogram and a triangle.
A
z
4.5 cm
=
sin Z
sin 41c
` z=
BC =
4.5 sin 77.985c

` z=
cm
sin 41c
` Z = 180c - 41c - 118.99c

9 sin 30c
6
65
72
E
+BEC = +ADC = 65c

In 3BEC, by the sine formula,
3.6 cm
BE
= sin +BEC
sin 72c
` BE =
3.6 sin 72c

cm
sin 65c
= 3.777 7 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

a AD = BE
` AD = 3.78 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
2011/1/3 4:13:14 PM
(b) In 3BEC,
5. By the cosine formula,
+EBC = 180c - +BEC - +BCE

= 180c - 65c - 72c
= 43c
3.6 cm
EC
= sin +BEC
sin +EBC
115
3.6 sin 43c

cm
sin 65c
EC =
= 2.709 0 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

DC = DE + EC
= AB + EC
= (3.5 + 2.709 0) cm
+ EF - DE
cos i = DF
2 # DF # EF
2
9 + 13 - 7
= 2 # 9 # 13
` i = 30.8c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
2
+ EF - DE
cos i = DF
2 # DF # EF
2
15 + 8 - 21
= 2 # 15 # 8
` i = 129c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

Exercise 10B (P.170)
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A
`
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 - 2 # BC # AC # cos C

2
2
2
a = 3 + 5 - 2 # 3 # 5 # cos 60c cm
= 4.4 cm , cor. to 1 d.p.
4.359
Similarly, by the cosine formula,
` x = 4 + 3 - 2 # 4 # 3 # cos 50c
cos B =
a +c -b
2ac
2
4.359 + 5 - 3
BC2 = AB2 + AC2 - 2 # AB # AC # cos A

2
2
` x = 6 + 9 - 2 # 6 # 9 # cos 110c
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 - 2 # AB # BC # cos B

2
` x = 11 + 5 - 2 # 11 # 5 # cos 33c
+ EF - DF
cos i = DE
2 # DE # EF
2
4 +5 -6
36.587
C = 180c - A - B
= 180c - 60c - 36.587c
= 83.4c, cor. to 1 d.p.
d2 = e2 + f 2 - 2ef cos D
`
2
2
d = 10 + 4 - 2 # 10 # 4 # cos 45c cm
= 7.7 cm , cor. to 1 d.p.
7.709
` B = 36.6c, cor. to 1 d.p.
= 2 # 4.359 # 5
= 2#4#5
` i = 82.8c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
cos E =
d +f -e
2df
2
7.709 + 4 - 10
2 # 7.709 # 4
` E = 113.5c, cor. to 1 d.p.
113.479
F = 180c - D - E
= 180c - 45c - 113.479c
= 21.5c, cor. to 1 d.p.
2011/1/3 4:13:27 PM
116
Solutions

2
cos P =
q +r -p
2qr
2
12. Comparing the lengths of sides of 3PQR, we
know that the smallest angle is Q.
By the cosine formula,
13 + 11 - 8
= 2 # 13 # 11
cos Q =
` P = 37.8c, cor. to 1 d.p.
37.795
p +r -q
2pr
2
` Q = 29.4c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
5.5 + 9 - 5
= 2 # 5.5 # 9

cos Q =
PQ + QR - PR
2 # PQ # QR
8 + 11 - 13
2 # 8 # 11
13. (a)
` Q = 84.8c, cor. to 1 d.p.
84.784

AC 2 = AB2 + BC2 - 2 # AB # BC # cos B
2
2
AC = 7 + 10 - 2 # 7 # 10 # cos 58c cm
R = 180c - P - Q
= 180c - 37.795c - 84.784c
= 57.4c, cor. to 1 d.p.
8.649 4
(b) a The longest side of 3ABC is BC,
10. (a)
` the largest angle is A.


2
cos B =
a +c -b
2ac
2
9 + 12 - 17
cos A =
= 2 # 9 # 12
` B = 107c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
a +c -b
2ac
2
7 + 8.649 4 - 10
2 # 7 # 8.649 4
14 + 10 - 7
= 2 # 14 # 10
` B = 28.1c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
11. (a)
` A = 78.7c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

` The largest angle of 3ABC is 78.7c.
(b) By the cosine formula,
cos B =
AB + AC - BC
2 # AB # AC

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A
2
2
` a = (5 + 7 - 2 # 5 # 7 #
1
2
cos 80c) cm
14. +QPS = +QRS = 108c

QS2 = PQ2 + PS2 - 2 # PQ # PS # cos +QPS
2
2
QS = 7 + 9 - 2 # 7 # 9 # cos 108c cm
15. (a)
In 3ABD,
BD2 = AB2 + DA2
2
2
` BD = 12 + 5 cm
= 13 cm
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A
2
2
` a = (35 + 48 - 2 # 35 # 48 #
1
2
cos 50c) mm
= 37.0 mm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) In 3BCD, by the cosine formula,
cos +BCD =
CD + BC - BD
2 # CD # BC
2
8 + 9 - 13
= 2#8#9
` +BCD = 99.6c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
2011/1/3 4:13:41 PM
16. (a)
a The longest side of 3ABC is c,

` the largest angle is C.
cos C =
a +b -c
2ab
5 +7 -8
p2 = q2 + r2 - 2qr cos P
2
2
` p = (21 + 42 - 2 # 21 # 42 #
1
cos 117c) 2 mm
= 2#5#7
54.826
` C = 81.8c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

2
(b) a The longest side of 3XYZ is y,
cos Q =
` the largest angle is Y.

2
cos Y =
x +z -y
2xz
2
18. (a)
cos A =
B = 180c - A - C
= 180c - 40.347c - 72c
35 + 31 - 26
2 # 35 # 31
cos B =
20 + 20.566 - 14
2 # 20 # 20.566
45.905
b +c -a
2bc
2

b +c -a
2bc
19.955
cos 72c) 2 cm
= 20.6 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 20.566
R = 180c - P - Q
= 180c - 117c - 19.955c

c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cos C
2
2
` c = (14 + 20 - 2 # 14 # 20 #
54.826 + 42 - 21
2 # 54.826 # 42
` Q = 20.0c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
` Y = 101c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
12 + 10 - 17
cos A =
p +r -q
2pr
2
= 2 # 12 # 10
17. (a)
117
a +c -b
2ac
2
=
40.347
26 + 31 - 35
2 # 26 # 31
75.192
C = 180c - A - B
= 180c - 45.905c - 75.192c
2011/1/3 4:13:52 PM
118
Solutions
Alternative Method

2
cos X =
y +z -x
2yz
2
22 + 27 - 43
2 # 22 # 27
6 cm
` X = 122c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

2
Draw AD = BC.
+BAD = 21 +BAC
= 21 # 112c
` Y = 25.6c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
25.603
= 56c
Z = 180c - X - Y
= 180c - 122.37c - 25.603c
sin +BAD = BD
AB
BD = 6 sin 56c cm
= 4.974 2 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
BC = 2BD
= 2 # 4.974 2 cm
19. Comparing the lengths of the sides of 3PQR,
we know that the largest angle is +PQR.

2
cos +PQR =
PQ + QR - PR
2 # PQ # QR
2
22 + 18 - 25
= 2 # 22 # 18
` +PQR = 76.6c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

a +PQR 1 90c
` 3PQR is an acute-angled triangle.
20. (a)
43 + 27 - 22
2 # 43 # 27
6 cm
C
122.37

x +z -y
cos Y =
2xz
112

BC 2 = AB2 + AC2 - 2 # AB # AC # cos A
2
2
BC = (6 + 6 - 2 # 6 # 6 #
1
cos 112c) 2 cm
21. Let XZ = y cm, then ZY = 3y cm.

XY 2 = XZ 2 + ZY 2 - 2 # XZ # ZY # cos +YZX
42 = y2 + (3y)2 - 2 # y # 3y # cos 58c
16 = 10y2 - 6y2 cos 58c
16 = y2(10 - 6 cos 58c)
y=
16
10 - 6 cos 58c
= 1.531 6, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

Perimeter of 3XYZ
= XY + XZ + ZY
= (4 + 1.531 6 + 3 # 1.531 6) cm
(b) a AB = AC
B = C = 21 (180c - 112c) = 34c

AC
BC
= sin B
sin 112c
BC =
6 sin 112c
cm
sin 34c
22. (a)
a AB = AD
` +ABD = 21 (180c - 122c)
= 29c
` +CBD = +CBA - +ABD
= 74c - 29c
= 45c
2011/1/3 4:14:01 PM
(b) In 3ABD, by the cosine formula,
BD2 = AB2 + AD2 - 2 # AB # AD # cos A

2
2
BD = (6 + 6 - 2 # 6 # 6 #
1
cos 122c) 2 cm
Similarly, in 3BCD, by the cosine formula,
CD2 = BC2 + BD2 - 2 # BC # BD #
cos +CBD
2
2
CD = (7 + 10.495 - 2 # 7 #
1
10.495 # cos 45c) 2 cm

= 7.433 0 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
` Perimeter of quadrilateral ABCD
= AB + AD + CD + BC
= (6 + 6 + 7 + 7.433 0) cm
119
a +QPS + +QRS = 59c + 91.0c

= 150.0c
! 180c
` Quadrilateral PQRS is not a cyclic
quadrilateral.
Exercise 10C (P.179)

1. (a)
Area of 3ABC
= 21 # AB # AC # sin A
= 21 # 8 # 15 # sin 52c cm2
2
(b) Area of 3PQR
= 21 # PR # PQ # sin P
23. In 3ACD, by the cosine formula,

2
cos C =
AC + CD - AD
2 # AC # CD
2
7 +6 -5
= 21 # 9 # 9 # sin 60c cm2
2
= 2#7#6
5
= 7
Similarly, in 3ABC, by the cosine formula,

AB2 = AC2 + BC2 - 2 # AC # BC # cos C
5
AB = : 7 + (3 + 6) - 2 # 7 # (3 + 6) # 7 D
2
2. (a)
s = 21 (7 + 13 + 10) cm
= 15 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3XYZ
1
2
: 72 + (3 + 6) 2 - 2 # 7 # (3 + 6) # 5 D 2 cm
7
= 15 (15 - 7) (15 - 13) (15 - 10) cm2

2
(b) s = 2 (8 + 12 + 8) cm
24. In 3PQS,
= 14 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3DEF
+PSQ = 180c - 64c - 59c = 57c

QS
7.5
=
sin 57c
sin 59c
QS =
2
= 14 (14 - 8) (14 - 12) (14 - 8) cm
2
7.5 sin 59c

sin 57c
= 7.665 4, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

In 3QRS, by the cosine formula,
2
cos +QRS =
QR + RS - QS
2 # QR # RS
2
Area of 3PQR = 21 # PQ # QR # sin Q
7 + 3 - 7.665 4
2#7#3
` x=
2
` +QRS = 91.0c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
3. (a)
2 # area of 3PQR
PQ # sin Q
2 # 45
10 # sin 78c
2011/1/3 4:14:12 PM
120
Solutions
(b) Area of 3ABC = 2 # AC # BC # sin C
` sin i =
7. (a)
2 # area of 3ABC
AC # BC
q
12 cm
=
sin 72c
sin 48c
2 # 50
= 12 # 9
`
R = 180c - 60c - 72c

= 48c
q=
i = 112c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
12 sin 72c
cm
sin 48c

1
15.357
4. Area of 3ABC = 2 bc sin A
` sin A =
=
` Area of 3PQR
2 # area of 3ABC
bc
= 21 qr sin P
2 # 18
6 2 #6
= 21 (15.357 # 12 # sin 60c) cm2

2
= 1
5. (a)
A = 135c
(b) R = 180c - 120c - 40c
= 20c
Area of 3ABC = 21 # AC # BC # sin C

` BC =
p
10 cm
=
sin 120c
sin 20c
2 # area of 3ABC
AC # sin C
p=
= 2 # 14 cm
4 # sin 65c
10 sin 120c
cm
sin 20c
BC = 7.72 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
25.321
` Area of 3PQR
7.723 6
= 21 pr sin Q

2
AB = AC + BC - 2 # AC # BC # cos C
2
2
AB = (4 + 7.723 6 - 2 # 4 #
= 21 (25.321 # 10 # sin 40c) cm2
1
2
7.723 6 # cos 65c) cm

6. The largest angle of a triangle is the included
angle of the two shorter sides.

Let the largest angle be i.
43 = 21 # 8 # 11 # sin i
43
sin i = 44
`
` The largest angle of this triangle is 77.8c.
2
8. (a)
s = 21 (a + b + c)
= 21 (15 + 8 + 9) cm
= 16 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3ABC
=
s (s - a) (s - b) (s - c)
= 16 (16 - 15) (16 - 8) (16 - 9) cm2

2
29.933
2011/1/3 4:14:24 PM
121
(b) Let the height from A to BC be h.
(b) s = 2 (a + b + c)
Area of 3ABC = 21 # BC # h
` h=
=
= 21 (20 + 27 + 25) cm
2 # area of 3ABC
BC
= 36 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3ABC
2 # 29.933
cm
15
= 36 (36 - 20) (36 - 27) (36 - 25) cm2

` The height from A to BC is 3.99 cm.
9. (a)
Area of PQRS
= 2 # area of 3PQS
= 239 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
12. (a)
= 2 # 21 # 5 # 9 # sin 70c cm2
s = 21 (13 + 13 + 10) cm
= 18 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3ABC
2
= 18 (18 - 13) (18 - 13) (18 - 10) cm2

2
= 60 cm
(b) Area of ABCD
= 2 # area of 3ABD
= 2 # 21 # 8 # 8 # sin 60c cm2
(b)
2
13 cm
1
10. Area of 3ABC = 2 ab sin C
` sin C = 2 # area of 3ABC

= 211##24
5
BD = DC = 21 # 10 cm = 5 cm
48
C = 60.8c, cor. to 1 d.p.
or
C = 180c - 60.777c
= 119.2c, cor. to 1 d.p.
60.777
a +c -b
2ac
2
AB2 - BD2
2
2
= 13 - 5 cm
= 12 cm
Area of 3ABC = 21 # BC # AD
20 + 25 - 27
= 2 # 20 # 25
In 3ABD, by Pythagoras Theorem,

AD2 + BD2 = AB2
AD =

cos B =
10 cm
Draw AD = BC.
= 55
11. (a)
ab
= 21 # 10 # 12 cm2
2
= 60 cm
72.782
To find the area of 3ABC, the method
Area of 3ABC
= 21 ac sin B
= 21 (20 # 25 # sin 72.782c) cm2
above involves simpler calculation when

compared with the method in (a).
(or other reasonable answers)
2
2011/1/3 4:14:32 PM
122
Solutions
13. a
s = 21 (a + b + c)
` 2s = a + b + c
(s - a) + (s - b) +
(s - c) = (5.7 + 9.3 + 7.4) cm
3s - (a + b + c) = 22.4 cm
3s - 2s = 22.4 cm
s = 22.4 cm
(a)
Perimeter of 3ABC = a + b + c
= 2s
= 2 # 22.4 cm
= 44.8 cm
(b) By Herons formula,
area of 3ABC
=
s (s - a) (s - b) (s - c)
= 22.4 # 5.7 # 9.3 # 7.4 cm2

2
10.5 cm
5 cm
=
sin C
sin 25c
sin C =
10.5 sin 25c

5
`
or
C = 62.561c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

C = 180c - 62.561c
When C = 62.561c,
A = 180c - 25c - 62.561c = 92.439c
Area of 3ABC
= 21 bc sin A
= 21 (5 # 10.5 # sin 92.439c) cm2
2
When C = 117.44c,
A = 180c - 25c - 117.44c = 37.56c
Area of 3ABC
15. (a)
a a + b + c = 64 cm and
a:b:c=4:5:7
4
` a = 64 # 16
cm = 16 cm
5
b = 64 # 16 cm = 20 cm
7
c = 64 # 16 cm = 28 cm
s = 21 # 64 cm
= 32 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3ABC
= 32 (32 - 16) (32 - 20) (32 - 28) cm2
2
156.77
(b) Let the height from C to AB be h.
Area of 3ABC = 21 # AB # h
` h=
=
2 # area of 3ABC
AB
2 # 156.77
cm
28

` The height from C to AB is 11.2 cm.
1
16. Area of 3DEF = 2 df sin E
` f = 2 # area of 3DEF
d sin E
2 # 68
=
cm
14 sin 120c
11.217

e2 = d2 + f 2 - 2df cos E
2
2
e = (14 + 11.217 - 2 # 14 # 11.217 #
1
cos 120c) 2 cm
21.883
= 21 bc sin A
= 21 (5 # 10.5 # sin 37.56c) cm2
2
2011/1/3 4:14:41 PM
123
(b) In 3QRS, by Pythagoras Theorem,
QS2 = RS2 + QR2
d
e
= sin E
sin D
sin D =
=
2
2
QS = 8 + 6 cm
= 10 cm
d sin E
e
a Area of 3PQS
14 sin 120c
21.883
` D = 33.6c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 21 # PS # QS # sin +QSP
33.646
` sin +QSP = 2 # area of 3PQS
F = 180c - 120c - 33.646c

17. (a)
(i)
PS # QS
2 # 24
= 13
# 10
Area of 3ABD
+QSP = 21.7c, cor. to 1 d.p.

21.668
= 21 # AD # BD # sin +ADB
In 3PQS, by the cosine formula,

PQ2 = PS2 + QS2 - 2 # PS # QS #
cos +QSP
= 21 # x # 12 # sin 30c cm2

2
= 3x cm
(ii)
+ADC = 180c - +ADB

= 180c - 30c
= 150c
cos 21.668c) 2 cm
= 5.2 cm , cor. to 1 d.p.
= 21 # AD # DC # sin +ADC
PQ
PS
= sin +QSP
sin +PQS
= 21 # x # 8 # sin 150c cm2
sin +PQS =
2
= 2x cm
area of 3ADC
40 = 3x + 2x
40 = 5x
x=8
` The length of AD is 8 cm.
13 sin 21.668c
5.232
113.448
+SPQ = 180c - 21.668c - 113.448c
= 44.9c, cor. to 1 d.p.
19. (a)
= 21 # 6 # 8 cm2
PS sin +QSP
PQ
` +PQS = 113.4c, cor. to 1 d.p.
(b) Area of 3ABC = area of 3ABD +
Area of 3QRS = 21 # QR # RS
5.232
In 3PQS, by the sine formula,
` Area of 3ADC
18. (a)
2
2
PQ = (13 + 10 - 2 # 13 # 10 #
In 3ABD, by the cosine formula,

BD2 = AB2 + AD2 - 2 # AB # AD # cos A
2
2
BD = 7 + 6 - 2 # 7 # 6 # cos 125c cm
= 11.5 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 11.540
= 24 cm2
` Area of 3PQS = area of 3QRS
2
= 24 cm
2011/1/3 4:14:52 PM
124
Solutions
(b) Area of 3ABD
By Herons formula,
area of 3PRS
= [7.801 6 (7.801 6 - 6.301 6):
= 21 # AB # AD # sin A
= 21 # 7 # 6 # sin 125c cm2
(7.801 6 - 6.301 6) (7.801 6 - 3)] 2 cm2

= 9.180 7 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
` Area of quadrilateral PQRS
= area of 3PQR + area of 3PRS
= (22.712 + 9.180 7) cm2
2
= 17.202 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

In 3BCD,
s = 21 (6.5 + 6.5 + 11.540) cm
= 12.270 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3BCD
= [12.270 (12.270 - 6.5) (12.270 - 6.5):
1
(12.270 - 11.540)] 2 cm2

= 17.269 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
` Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= area of 3ABD + area of 3BCD
= (17.202 + 17.269) cm2
2
20. (a)
In 3PQR,
+QPR = 180c - 46c - 58c = 76c
QR
PR
= sin +QPR
sin +PQR
PR =
=
Supp. Exercise 10 (P.185)

1. C = 180c - 34c - 79c = 67c

x cm
4 cm
=
sin 67c
sin 34c
x=
4 sin 67c
sin 34c

7.5 cm
16 cm
=
sin B
sin 118c
` sin B =
QR sin +PQR
sin +QPR
7.5 sin 118c

16
`
B = 24.449c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
y = 180c - 118c - 24.449c
8.5 sin 46c

cm
sin 76c

6.301 6
(b) Area of 3PQR
= 21 # PR # QR # sin +PRQ
= 21 # 6.301 6 # 8.5 # sin 58c cm2
= 22.712 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
In 3PRS,
s = 21 (PR + PS + RS)
= 21 (6.301 6 + 6.301 6 + 3) cm
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 - 2 # AB # BC # cos B

2
2
z = 7 + 6.3 - 2 # 7 # 6.3 # cos 82c cm
4. A = 180c - 25c - 35c = 120c
` Area of 3ABC
= 21 bc sin A
= 21 (14 # 19 # sin 120c) cm2
2
= 7.801 6 cm
2011/1/3 4:15:01 PM
5. a
8. (a)
Q=R
` PQ = PR = 7 cm
s = 21 (7 + 7 + 10) cm
+CDA = +CBD + +BCD

= 90c + 50c
= 140c
= 12 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3PQR
AC
AD
= sin +
sin +CDA
ACD
AC =
= 12 (12 - 7) (12 - 7) (12 - 10) cm2

2
AD sin +CDA
sin +ACD
2.8 sin 140c
cm
sin 15c
6. PQ = SR = 8 cm
6.953 9

2
cos +QPS =
PQ + PS - SQ
2 # PQ # PS
2
8 + 11 - 12
2 # 8 # 11
BC
(b) cos +ACB = AC
BC = AC cos +ACB
= 6.953 9 cos (15c + 50c) cm
` +QPS = 76.5c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

7. a ABC is an equilateral triangle,
9. In 3ABD, by Pythagoras Theorem,
` +ACB = 60c
+ACD = +DCB - +ACB
= 90c - 60c
= 30c
AB2 = AD2 + BD2

2
2
AB = 9 + 12 cm
= 15 cm
In 3ABC,
In 3ACD, by the cosine formula,
s = 21 (15 + 13 + 16) cm
DC
AD
= sin +
ACD
sin +DAC
= 22 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3ABC
DC sin +ACD
sin +DAC =
AD
125
20 sin 30c
10.1
` +DAC = 81.9c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

or +DAC = 180c - 81.931c
= 22 (22 - 15) (22 - 13) (22 - 16) cm2

81.931
2
10. (a)
In 3ABC, by Pythagoras Theorem,

AC2 + BC2 = AB2
AC =
AB2 - BC2
2
2
= 34 - 30 cm
= 16 cm
2011/1/3 4:15:12 PM
126
Solutions
(b) a
Area of 3ABC = area of 3ADC
1
# BC # AC = 21 # AC # CD #
2
y cm
60 cm
=
sin 36c
sin 89c
sin +ACD
1
# 30 # 16 = 21 # 16 # 40 #
2
sin +ACD
60 sin 36c
sin 89c
y=

` The length of the shortest side is 35.3 cm.
sin +ACD = 4
a 90c 1 +ACD 1 180c
` +ACD = 131.41c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
+ACB + +BCD = +ACD
90c + +BCD = 131.41c
+BCD = 41.4c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
11. (a)

b
c
= sin C
sin B
b
sin B
c = sin C
i.e. 21 cmm = 21
c = 42 mm
P + Q + R = 180c
28c + 55c + R = 180c
`
R = 97c

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A
2
2
` a = (21 + 42 - 2 # 21 # 42 #
1
q
r
=
sin R
sin 55c
r=
cos 120c) 2 mm
sin 97c
q
sin 55c

2
(b) a Area of 3PQR = 20 cm
55.561
1
rq sin 28c = 20
2
r b r sin 55c l
sin 28c = 20
2 sin 97c
r2 =
40 sin 97c
sin 55c sin 28c
r = 10.2, cor. to
3 sig. fig.
12. Let the third angle be X and the length of the
shortest side be y cm.

X = 180c - 36c - 55c
= 89c
a 36c 1 55c 1 89c
` The angle opposite to the longest side is
89c and that opposite to the shortest side is
36c.
a +c -b
2ac
cos B =
55.561 + 42 - 21
2 # 55.561 # 42
19.106
C = 180c - 120c - 19.106c

14. In 3ADC, by the sine formula,
AC
5 cm
=
sin 100c
sin 50c
AC =
5 sin 100c
cm
sin 50c
= 6.427 9 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

+ABC = 180c - 40c - 60c = 80c
In 3ABC, by the sine formula,
6.427 9 cm
BC
=
sin 80c
sin 40c
BC =
6.427 9 sin 40c

cm
sin 80c
2011/1/3 4:15:25 PM
15. (a)
+BAC = 180c - 80c - 40c = 60c

17. (a)
+BAC = 180c - 30c - 42c = 108c

BC
5 cm
=
sin 108c
sin 30c
8 cm
AB
=
sin 40c
sin 60c
AB =
8 sin 40c
cm
sin 60c
BC =
5 sin 108c
cm
sin 30c
5.937 8
(b) a AD bisects angle A,
9.510 6
(b)
` +BAD = +DAC
5 cm
= 21 # 60c
4 cm
= 30c
+ADB = 180c - 80c - 30c = 70c
In 3ABD, by the sine formula,
5.937 8 cm
AD
=
sin 70c
sin 80c
AD =
5.937 8 sin 80c

cm
sin 70c
8.6 cm
5.1 cm
=
sin +DAC
sin 27c
8.6 sin 27c
5.1
` +DAC = 50.0c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

49.956
(b) +ABD = 180c - +DBC
= 180c - 128c
= 52c
+ADB = 180c - 49.956c - 52c
= 78.044c
In 3ADB, by the sine formula,
5.1 cm
AB
=
sin 52c
sin 78.044c
AB =
5.1 sin 78.044c

cm
sin 52c
30
42
D
In 3ADC, by the sine formula,
sin +ADC =
+DCB = 180c - 25c - 128c = 27c

In 3DAC, by the sine formula,
sin +DAC =
5 cm
4 cm
=
sin +ADC
sin 42c

16. (a)
127
5 sin 42c
4
` +ADC = 56.763c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

or +ADC = 180c - 56.763c
Consider 3ABD.
When +ADC = 56.763c,
+BAD + 30c = 56.763c
+BAD = 26.763c
4 cm
BD
=
sin +BAD
sin 30c
BD =
4 sin 26.763c
cm
sin 30c

When +ADC = 123.24c,
+BAD + 30c = 123.24c
+BAD = 93.24c
4 cm
BD
=
sin +BAD
sin 30c
BD =
4 sin 93.24c
cm
sin 30c
2011/1/3 4:15:38 PM
128
Solutions
18. (a)
In 3ABC, by the cosine formula,

cos +ACB =
14 + 15 - 26
2 # 14 # 15
(b) BE = 2 BD
= 21 # 13.906 cm
` +ACB = 127.38c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

+ACD = 180c - 127.38c
= 52.62c
a
CD = AD
` +DAC = +ACD = 52.62c
+ADC = 180c - 52.62c - 52.62c
= 74.76c
= 6.953 cm
CE = 21 AC
= 21 # 6.374 4 cm
= 3.187 2 cm
In 3BEC, by the cosine formula,
CD
14 cm
=
sin 52.62c
sin 74.76c
CD =
BE + CE - BC
2 # BE # CE
cos +BEC =
6.953 + 3.187 2 - 9
= 2 # 6.953 # 3.187 2
14 sin 52.62c
cm
sin 74.76c
` +BEC = 121c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

(b) In 3ABC, by the cosine formula,
cos +BAC =
26 + 14 - 15
2 # 26 # 14
` +BAC = 27.285c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

` +BAD = +BAC + +DAC
= 27.285c + 52.62c
Comparing the lengths of 3ABD, we know
that the largest angle is +BAD.
a +BAD 1 90c
` 3ABD is an acute-angled triangle.
19. (a)

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 - 2 # AB # BC #
cos +ABC
2
2
AC = 6 + 9 - 2 # 6 # 9 # cos 45c cm
= 6.37 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 6.374 4
+BCD = 180c - 45c

= 135c
CD = AB = 6 cm
In 3BCD, by the cosine formula,
BD2 = BC2 + CD2 - 2 # BC # CD #
cos +BCD
2
2
BD = 9 + 6 - 2 # 9 # 6 # cos 135c cm
= 13.9 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 13.906
20. (a)
a
BC = BD
` +BDC = +BCD
` +DBC : +BCD : +BDC = 2 : 5 : 5
In 3BCD,
+DBC + +BCD + +BDC = 180c
5
` +BDC = 180c # 2 + 5 + 5
= 75c
` +ADB = 180c - +BDC
= 180c - 75c
= 105c
(b) Area of 3BCD
= 21 # BC # BD # sin +DBC
= 21 # 16 # 16 # sin 30c cm2
= 64 cm2
Area of 3ABD
= 21 # AD # BD # sin +ADB
= 21 # 12 # 16 # sin 105c cm2
= 92.729 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
` Area of 3ABC
= area of 3BCD + area of 3ABD
= (64 + 92.729) cm2
2
2011/1/3 4:15:46 PM
129
21. (a)
a
AB = AC
` +ABC = +ACB = 50c
+BAC = 180c - 50c - 50c = 80c
10 cm
AB
=
sin 50c
sin 80c
AB =
10 sin 50c
cm
sin 80c
= 7.778 6 cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

` Area of 3ABC
= 21 # AB # BC # sin +ABC
= 21 # 7.778 6 # 10 # sin 50c cm2
2
= 29.8 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 29.794
(b) 3ABC and 3DBC are two triangles of the
same base and of equal heights.

` Area of 3DBC = area of 3ABC
= 29.794 cm2
and area of 3DBC
= 21 # BC # BD # sin +BCD
` sin +BCD = 2 # area of 3DBC
BC # BD
=
2 # 29.794
10 # 8
`
+BCD = 131.85c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
` +ACD = +BCD - +ACB
= 131.85c - 50c
AC = 26 cm, BD = 34 cm and +AEB = 52c.

D
A
E
Area of 3AEB
= 21 # AE # BE # sin +AEB
26
34
2
= 21 # 2 # 2 # sin 52c cm
2
= 87.075 cm , cor. to 5 sig. fig.

+BEC = 180c - 52c = 128c
= 21 # BE # EC # sin +BEC
34
26
= 21 # 2 # 2 # sin 128c cm2
= 87.075 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

Area of the parallelogram
= 2 # area of 3ABC
= 2 # (area of 3AEB + area of3BEC)
= 2 # (87.075 + 87.075) cm2
2
23. (a)
Area of 3PQR
= 21 # PQ # QR # sin +PQR
= 21 # 21 # 15 # sin 68c cm2
2
146.03
(b) a QS bisects +PQR,
` +PQS = +SQR = 21 # 68c = 34c

Let QS = x cm.
Area of 3PQS
= 21 # PQ # QS # sin +PQS
= 21 # 21 # x # sin 34c cm2
=
21 sin 34c
x cm2
2
Area of 3SQR
= 21 # QS # QR # sin +SQR
22. Refer to the figure.
52
Area of 3BEC
= 21 # x # 15 # sin 34c cm2

=
15 sin 34c
x cm2
2
a Area of 3PQS + area of 3SQR

= area of 3PQR
`
21 sin 34c
15 sin 34c
x+
x = 146.03
2
2
18x sin 34c = 146.03

x=
146.03
18 sin 34c
` x = 14.5 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

` The length of QS is 14.5 cm.
2011/1/3 4:15:53 PM
130
Solutions
24. Join BD.

15 cm
D
1
ac sin B = 82 cm2
2
164
ac =
cm2 ....................... (iii)
sin 60c
38 cm
32 cm
a
sin 50c
(i) ' (ii): c =
sin 70c
sin 50c
c ............................... (iv)
sin 70c
a=
60
A
45 cm
Substitute (iv) into (iii):

sin 50c
164
c#c=
cm2
sin 70c
sin 60c
Area of 3ABD
c2 =
= 21 # AB # AD # sin +DAB
= 21 # 45 # 32 # sin 60c cm2
= 623.54 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
In 3ABD, by the cosine formula,
BD2 = AB2 + AD2 - 2 # AB # AD # cos +DAB
2
BD = 45 + 32 - 2 # 45 # 32 # cos 60c cm
In 3BCD,
s = 21 (15 + 38 + 40.112) cm
c = 15.2 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

15.241
Substitute c = 15.241 cm into (iv) and (ii)
respectively:
a=
sin 50c
# 15.241 cm
sin 70c

15.241b =
164
cm
sin 50c
b = 14.0 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 46.556 cm
By Herons formula,
area of 3BCD
= [46.556 (46.556 - 15) (46.556 - 38):
1
(46.556 - 40.112)] 2 cm2

= 284.60 cm2, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
` Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= area of 3ABD + area of 3BCD
= (623.54 + 284.60) cm2
2
25. C = 180c - 50c - 60c
26. (a)
a B + D = 180c
` cos B + cos D = cos B + cos (180c - B)
= cos B - cos B
=0
` cos B + cos D = 0
(b) Let AC = x cm.

2
4 +4 -x
cos B = 2 # 4 # 4
=
= 70c
32 - x
32
...................................... (i)
In 3DAC, by the cosine formula,

2
a The area of 3ABC is 82 cm ,

`
164 sin 70c

cm2
sin 60c sin 50c
1
ab sin C = 82 cm2
2
ab =
164
cm2 ......................... (i)
sin 70c
3 +6 -x
cos D = 2 # 3 # 6
=
45 - x
36
.................................... (ii)
1
bc sin A = 82 cm2
2
bc =
164
cm2 ........................ (ii)
sin 50c
2011/1/3 4:16:03 PM
From (i), (ii) and the result of (a), we have

2
(c)
32 - x
45 - x
+ 36 = 0
32
A=
` x = 6.17, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

` The length of AC is 6.17 cm.
2A cm
RZ
A
A
A
A
# 10
# 30
# 15
5
A = 150
` The area of 3PQR is 150 cm2.
150
(d) PQ = 10 cm = 10 cm = 15 cm
` A cm2 = 21 # PQ # RZ
PQ =
AaA
A ka A
k a A - 2A k
- 10
-A
6 5
5 5
5
15
2
A
A = 150
648
x2 = 17
a Area of 3PQR = 21 # PQ # RZ
s (s - PQ) (s - QR) (s - RP)
` A=
9(32 - x2) + 8(45 - x2) = 0

17x2 = 648
27. (a)
By Herons formula,
area of 3PQR
=
32 - x
45 - x
+
=0
8
9
131
150
QR = A
cm = 6 cm = 25 cm
6
2 # 150
RP = 215A cm =
cm = 20 cm
15
A
= 220
cm
Integrated Questions
(cross-chapters)
A
cm
= 10
Similarly, A cm2 = 21 # QR # PX
QR =
2A cm
PX
28. (a)
2
2
PT = 4 + 5 - 2 # 4 # 5 # cos 110c cm
= 7.39 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. 7.394 6
= 212A cm
cm
= A
6
(b) In 3PBT, by the sine formula,

7.394 6 cm
4 cm
=
sin +TPB
sin 110c
A cm2 = 21 # RP # QY
RP =
2A cm
QY
4 sin 110c
sin +TPB = 7.394 6
` +TPB = 30.552c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

+PAB = +TPB
= 30.6c, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 30.552
= 215A cm
1
(b) s = 2 (PQ + QR + RP)

A
+A
+ 215A k cm
= 21 a 10
6
A
= 21 # 12
cm
30
= A
cm
5
` s= A
cm
5
In 3PBT, by the cosine formula,

PT 2 = BT 2 + PB2 - 2 # BT # PB #
cos +PBT
(c)
+PBA = 180c - +PBT

= 180c - 110c
= 70c
` In 3ABP, by the sine formula,
5 cm
AP
=
sin 70c
sin 30.552c
AP =
5 sin 70c
cm
sin 30.552c
2011/1/3 4:16:19 PM
132
Solutions
29. (a)
30. (a)
AC
sin +CPA = PC
AC
Area of ABCD
= area of 3BCD + area of 3ABD
= 21 # BD # BC # sin i +
= 2AC
= 21
1
# AB # BD # sin (90c - i)
2
` +CPA = 30c
` Area of ABCD
` +ACP = 90c - 30c

= 60c
a
AC = AB
` +ACB = +ABC
= 21 BD(BC sin i + AB cos i)

(b) (i)
= 21 (180c - 90c)
AC =
= 45c
+BCP + +ACB = +ACP
+BCP + 45c = 60c
+BCP = 15c
BC
sin i = AC
= 2x
BC2 = AC2 + AB2
BC2 = 2x2
BC = 2 x
= 10
3
= 5
AB
cos i = AC
AC
tan +CPA = PA
PA =
x
tan 30c
= 10
= 3x
BP = PA - AB
= 3x - x
= ( 3 - 1) x
= 45
(ii)
cos +BCP =
PC + BC - BP
2 # PC # BC
3
= 21 # 10 # a 6 # 5 + 8 # 45 k cm2
cos 15c
2
(2x) + ( 2 x) - [( 3 - 1) x]
2 # 2x # 2 x
2
4x + 2x - (3 + 1 - 2 3 ) x
4 2x
3 +1
2 2
6+ 2
4
` cos 15c =
BD = AC = 10 cm
Area of quadrilateral ABCD
= 21 BD(BC sin i + AB cos i)
In 3BCP, by the cosine formula,
AB2 + BC2
2
2
= 8 + 6 cm
= 10 cm
a 3ABC + 3BEC
` +CAB = +CBE = i
In 3ABC,
(b) PC = 2AC
(c)

AC2 = AB2 + BC2
2
= 50 cm
Public Exam Questions

31. (a)
(b) 5.57
(c)
6+ 2
4
13.0
2
32. AB = 7.08 cm, area of 3ABC = 26.6 cm
2011/1/3 4:16:31 PM
133
Lively Maths Problem
4.
C = 180c - 40c - 75c = 65c

33. s = 2 (1 670 + 1 540 + 1 660) km
AC
4 cm
=
sin 75c
sin 65c
= 2 435 km
` Area of the Bermuda Triangle
= [2 435 (2 435 - 1 670) (2 435 - 1 540):
AC =
4 sin 75c
cm
sin 65c
= 4.263 1 cm, cor. to 4 d.p.

` Area of 3ABC
(2 435 - 1 660)] 2 km2

2
= 1140 000 km , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 21 # AB # AC # sin A
2
= 21 # 4 # 4.263 1 # sin 40c cm
Revision Test (P.192)

1.
2
= 5.48 cm , cor. to the nearest 0.01 cm

2
cos i =
20 + 21 - 17
2 # 20 # 21
5.
As shown in the figure, divide the regular

octagon into 8 isosceles triangles.
23
= 35
B
2.
6 cm
B = 180c - 20c - 25c = 135c

M

x
BC
=
sin 135c
sin 20c
3.
x=
BC sin 135c
sin 20c
` +AMB =
2
cos 80c =
(2x) + (3x) - 5
2 (2x) (3x)
2
13x - 25
cos 80c =
2
12x
(13 - 12 # cos 80c)x2 = 25

`
x = 1.51, cor. to
2 d.p.
360c
= 45c
8
In 3ABM,
+ABM = +BAM
= 21 (180c - 45c)
= 67.5c
6 cm
AM
=
sin 67.5c
sin 45c
AM =
6 sin 67.5c
cm
sin 45c
= 7.84 cm, cor. to 2 d.p.

` Area of the regular octagon
2
= 8 # 21 # 6 # 7.84 # sin 67.5c cm
= 174 cm , cor. to the nearest cm
2011/1/3 4:16:39 PM
134
6.
Solutions
a AD # BC
` +ADB = a
In 3ABD, by the sine formula,
x
BD
= sin +ADB
sin i
x
BD
= sin a
sin i
x sin i
BD = sin a
In 3BCD,
cos a = BD
BC
BD
BC = cos
a
x sin i
= sin a cos a
HKCEE Questions
7. C
8. A
9. B
10. B
11. D
12. C
13. C
14. B
15. A
2011/1/3 4:16:43 PM

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Chapter 10: Solving Triangles

Chapter 10 Solving Triangles

(b) a sin i = 1 - cos i

sin 150c = sin (180c - 30c)

Exercise 10A (P.162)

= 4.04, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 3.97, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

cos 135c = cos (180c - 45c)

Reference angle a = 30c

Reference angle a = 60c

10 NSS TM 5B (E)-1P-TL.indd 109

= 6.30, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

i = 58.8c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

5. By the sine formula,

E = 30.474c, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

6. By the sine formula,

i = 30.2c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 13.6 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

Similarly, sin B = sin C

7. By the sine formula,

= 20.1 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

3.4 sin 30c

By the sine formula,

= 32.1 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

Similarly, sin C = sin B

= 14.2 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 18.5 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 14.9 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

10 NSS TM 5B (E)-1P-TL.indd 110

Chapter 10: Solving Triangles

11. By the sine formula,

= 1.17, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

12. By the sine formula,

= 1.29, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

(b) By the sine formula,

13. By the sine formula,

(b) By the sine formula,

= 6.56 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

10 NSS TM 5B (E)-1P-TL.indd 111

(b) By the sine formula,

= 7.70 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 9.40 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

B = 78.3c, cor. to 1 d.p.

(b) By the sine formula,

8.1 sin 70c

B = 52.5c, cor. to 1 d.p.

= 9.46 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

By the sine formula,

B = 35.3c, cor. to 1 d.p.

By the sine formula,

7.5 sin 31c

= 4.30 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig.

B = 54.3c, cor. to 1 d.p.

10 NSS TM 5B (E)-1P-TL.indd 112

Chapter 10: Solving Triangles

It is given that D is an obtuse angle,

= 1.13, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

It is given that K is an acute angle,

3.5 sin 145c

8.3 sin 108c

By the sine formula,

7.5 sin 85c

E = 19.5c, cor. to 3 sig. fig.