Task 2 : Problem 1

Host IP
Address
Subnet Mask

172.30.1.33
255.255.25
5.0

Number Of Subnet Bit

Number Of subnet
Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet
Number Of Useable Host Per
subnet
Subnet Address For this IP
Address
IP Address For First Host On This
Subnet
IP Address Of Last Host On This
Subnet
Broadcast Address For This
subnet

8 bits
2^8 = 256
8bits
(2^8) 2 = 254 -2 = 252 Host per
subnet
172.30.1.0
172.30.1.1
172.30.1.127
172.30.1.255

BINARY NUMBER :Step 1: Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation
Convert the host Ip address and network masj to binary :
I.

Number Bits
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Example : 128 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 172

II.

1 AND 1 = 1 (on)
1 AND 0 = 0 (off)
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Subnet
Counting
Range

Host
Rang
e

Decimal
Binary

IP Address

172
10101100

30
00011100

1
00000001

33
00100001

a. Calculation of Network Mask

1x128=128 0x128=0
1x64=64
0x64=0
1x32=32
0x32=0
1x16=16 0x16=0
1x8=8
0x8=0
1x4=4
0x4=0
1x2=2
0x2=0
1x1=1
0x1=0
Then we add all those numbers,
Example :
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
b. counting to three and four blocks
Example :
0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0=0
Binary

Decimal
Binary
SUBNET ADDRESS:-

255
11111111

255
11111111

255
11111111

0
0000000

Step 2 : Determine The Network (or Subnet) where this Host Address
belong.
Looking for Network Address , by adding binary numbers of IP Address and
Network Mask
using the AND operator . Note ; 1 AND 1 =
1 , while if there are 0 on the right AND the resul
Example : Formula AND GATE
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_______________
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Decimal
IP Address
Subnet
Mask

172.30.133
255.255.25
5.0

10101100

Binary
00011100

00000001

00100001

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

Subnet
addresss

172.30.1.0

10101100

00011100

00000001

00000000

First determine the Host , and Host Last Broadcast

FISRT ADDRESS:Step 3 : Determine the First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host
range of the most recent bit subnet add to the number 1
IP Address
172.30.133
10101100
00011100
00000001
00100001
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Mask
5.0
Subnet
172.30.1.0
10101100
00011100
00000001
00000000
address
Fisrt
172.30.1.1
10101100
000111100
00000001
00000001
Address
LAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Last specify Host by replacing a number from 0 to 1 on the host
add subnet range except at the very last bit remains 0 .
IP Address
172.30.133
10101100
00011100
00000001
00100001
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Mask
5.0
Subnet
172.30.1.0
10101100
00011100
00000001
00000000
address
Last
172.30.1.1
10101100
000111100
00000001
11111110
Address
27
BROSDCAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Determine Broadcast by replacing all the
host subnet range add to the number 1.
IP Address
172.30.133
10101100
00011100
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
Mask
5.0
Subnet
172.30.1.0
10101100
00011100
address
172.30.1.2
10101100
000111100
Broadcast
55
Number Of Subnet Bit:Step 6 : Determine The Number Of Subnet

numbers from 0 to
00000001

00100001

11111111

00000000

00000001

00000000

00000001

11111111

The Number Of Subnet Is Determined by How Many Bit Are In The

Subnet Counting Range (In This Example , 8 Bits).
Use the formula 2(n) , where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
1. 2^8 = 1024
Number of host bits
10 bits
Number of subnet
2^8 = 256
(all 0 used,all 1s not
subnets
used)
Number Of Useable Host Per subnet:Step 7 : Determine the number usable host per subnet
The number of host [er subnet is determined by the number og hist bits

2^8 -2 = 256 2 = 254 host Per Subnet

Number of host bits per subnet
Number of usable hosts per subnet

8bits
(2^8) 2 = 254 -2 = 252 Host per
subnet

Task 2 : Problem 2
Host IP
Address
Subnet Mask

172.30.1.33
255.255.255
.254

Number Of Subnet Bit

Number Of subnet
Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet
Number Of Useable Host Per
subnet
Subnet Address For this IP
Address
IP Address For First Host On This
Subnet
IP Address Of Last Host On This
Subnet
Broadcast Address For This
subnet

14
16384
4
2
172.30.1.32
172.30.1.33
172.30.1.34
172.30.1.35

BINARY NUMBER:Step 1: Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation
Convert the host Ip address and network masj to binary :
III.

Number Bits
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Example : 128 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 172

IV.

1 AND 1 = 1 (on)
1 AND 0 = 0 (off)
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Subnet
Counting
Range

Decimal
Binary

IP Address

172
10101100

30
00011100

1
00000001

Host
Rang
e
33
00100001

c. Calculation of Network Mask

1x128=128 0x128=0
1x64=64
0x64=0
1x32=32
0x32=0
1x16=16 0x16=0
1x8=8
0x8=0
1x4=4
0x4=0
1x2=2
0x2=0
1x1=1
0x1=0
Then we add all those numbers,
Example :
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
d. counting to three and four blocks
Example :
0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0=0
Decimal
Binary
SUBNET ADDRESS:Binary

255
11111111

255
11111111

255
11111111

252
11111100

Step 2 : Determine The Network (or Subnet) where this Host Address
belong.
Looking for Network Address , by adding binary numbers of IP Address and
Network Mask
using the AND operator . Note ; 1 AND 1 =
1 , while if there are 0 on the right AND the resul
Example : Formula AND GATE
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_______________

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Decimal
IP Address
Subnet
Mask
Subnet
addresss

172.30.133
255.255.25
5.0

10101100

Binary
00011100

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

172.30.1.0

10101100

00011100

00000001

00100000

00000001

00100001

First determine the Host , and Host Last Broadcast

FIRST ADDRESS:Step 3 : Determine the First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host
range of the most recent bit subnet add to the number 1
IP Address
172.30.133
10101100
00011100
00000001
00100001
Subnet
255.255.255.
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111100
Mask
252
Subnet
172.30.1.32
10101100
00011100
00000001
11111100
address
Fisrt
172.30.1.1
10101100 000111100 00000001
00100000
Address
LAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Last specify Host by replacing a number from 0 to 1 on the host
add subnet range except at the very last bit remains 0 .
IP Address
172.30.133
10101100
00011100
00000001
00100001
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Mask
5.0
Subnet
172.30.1.3
10101100
00011100
00000001
00000000
address
2
Last
172.30.1.3
10101100
000111100
00000001
11111110
Address
4
BROADCAST ADDRESS :Step 4 : Determine Broadcast by replacing all the
host subnet range add to the number 1.
IP Address
172.30.133
10101100
00011100
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
Mask
5.0
Subnet
172.30.1.3
10101100
00011100

numbers from 0 to
00000001

00100001

11111111

00000000

00000001

00000000

address
Broadcast

2
172.30.1.3
5

10101100

000111100

00000001

11111111

NUMBER OF SUBNET :Step 6 : Determine The Number Of Subnet

The Number Of Subnet Is Determined by How Many Bit Are In The
Subnet Counting Range (In This Example , 8 Bits).
Use the formula 2(n) , where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
2. 2^8 = 1024
Number of host bits
Number of subnet
(all 0 used,all 1s not
used)

14 bits
2^14 = 16384
subnets

Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet:Step 7 : Determine the number usable host per subnet
The number of host [er subnet is determined by the number og hist bits

2^8 -2 = 256 2 = 254 host Per Subnet

Number of host bits per subnet
Number of usable hosts per subnet

2bits
(2^2) 2 = 4 -2 = 2 Host per subnet

Task 2 : Problem 3
Host IP
Address
Subnet Mask

192.192.10.
234
255.255.25
5.0

Number Of Subnet Bit

Number Of subnet
Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet
Number Of Useable Host Per
subnet
Subnet Address For this IP
Address
IP Address For First Host On This
Subnet
IP Address Of Last Host On This
Subnet
Broadcast Address For This
subnet

8
256
256
254
192.192.10.0
192.192.10.1
192.192.10.254
192.198.10.255

BINARY NUMBER:Step 1: Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation
Convert the host Ip address and network masj to binary :
V.

Number Bits
1 = 128

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Example : 128 + 64 = 192

VI.

1 AND 1 = 1 (on)
1 AND 0 = 0 (off)
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Subnet
Counting
Range

Decimal
Binary

IP Address

192
11000000

192
11000000

10
00001010

Host
Rang
e
234
11101010

e. Calculation of Network Mask

1x128=128 0x128=0
1x64=64
0x64=0
1x32=32
0x32=0
1x16=16 0x16=0
1x8=8
0x8=0
1x4=4
0x4=0
1x2=2
0x2=0
1x1=1
0x1=0
Then we add all those numbers,
Example :
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
f. counting to three and four blocks
Example :
0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0=0
Binary

Decimal
Binary

255
11111111

255
11111111

255
11111111

0
00000000

Step 2 : Determine The Network (or Subnet) where this Host Address
belong.

Looking for Network Address , by adding binary numbers of IP Address and

Network Mask
using the AND operator . Note ; 1 AND 1 =
1 , while if there are 0 on the right AND the resul
Example : Formula AND GATE
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_______________
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Decimal
IP Address
Subnet
Mask
Subnet
addresss

172.30.133
255.255.25
5.0

10101100

Binary
00011100

00000001

00100001

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

172.30.1.0

11000000

11000000

00001010

00000000

First determine the Host , and Host Last Broadcast

FIRST ADDRESS:Step 3 : Determine the First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host
range of the most recent bit subnet add to the number 1
IP Address
192.192.10.
11000000
11000000
00001010
00100001
234
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111100
Mask
5.0
Subnet
192.192.10.
11000000
00011100
00001010
00000000
address
0
Fisrt
172.30.10.1
1100000
000111100
00001010
00000001
Address
LAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Last specify Host by replacing a number from 0 to 1 on the host
add subnet range except at the very last bit remains 0 .
IP Address
192.192.10.
10101100
00011100
00001010
00100001
234
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111100
Mask
5.0
Subnet
192.192.10.
10101100
00011100
00001010
00000000

address
Last
Address

0
192.192.10.
254

10101100

000111100

00001010

11111110

BROADCAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Determine Broadcast by replacing all the

host subnet range add to the number 1.
IP Address
192.192.10.
11000000
11000000
234
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
Mask
5.0
Subnet
192.192.10.
11000000
11000000
address
0
Broadcast
192.192.10.
11000000
00001010
254

numbers from 0 to
00001010

00100001

11111111

00000000

00001010

00000000

00001010

11111111

NUMBER OF SUBNET :Step 6 : Determine The Number Of Subnet

The Number Of Subnet Is Determined by How Many Bit Are In The
Subnet Counting Range (In This Example , 8 Bits).
Use the formula 2(n) , where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
3. 2^8 = 1024
Number of host bits
Number of subnet
(all 0 used,all 1s not
used)

8bits
2^8 = 256 subnets

Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet :Step 7 : Determine the number usable host per subnet
The number of host [er subnet is determined by the number og hist bits

2^8 -2 = 256 2 = 254 host Per Subnet

Number of host bits per subnet
Number of usable hosts per subnet

8bits
(2^8) 2 = 256 -2 = 254 Host per
subnet

Task 2 : Problem 4
Host IP
Address
Subnet Mask

172.17.99.1
7
255.255.0.0

Number Of Subnet Bit

Number Of subnet
Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet
Number Of Useable Host Per
subnet
Subnet Address For this IP
Address
IP Address For First Host On This
Subnet
IP Address Of Last Host On This

0
1
65536
65534
172.17.0.0
172.17.0.1
172.17.255.255

Subnet
Broadcast Address For This
subnet

172.17.255.255

BINARY NUMBER
Step 1: Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation
Convert the host Ip address and network masj to binary :
VII.

Number Bits
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Example : 128 + 32 + 8 + 4 = 172

VIII.

1 AND 1 = 1 (on)
1 AND 0 = 0 (off)
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

IP Address

Subnet
Counting
Range

Decimal
Binary

172
10101100

17
00010001

g. Calculation of Network Mask

1x128=128 0x128=0
1x64=64
0x64=0
1x32=32
0x32=0
1x16=16 0x16=0
1x8=8
0x8=0
1x4=4
0x4=0
1x2=2
0x2=0
1x1=1
0x1=0
Then we add all those numbers,
Example :

99
01100011

Host
Rang
e
71
01000111

128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
h. counting to three and four blocks
Example :
0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0=0
Binary

Decimal
Binary
SUBNET ADDRESS:-

255
11111111

255
11111111

0
00000000

0
00000000

Step 2 : Determine The Network (or Subnet) where this Host Address
belong.
Looking for Network Address , by adding binary numbers of IP Address and
Network Mask
using the AND operator . Note ; 1 AND 1 =
1 , while if there are 0 on the right AND the resul
Example : Formula AND GATE
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_______________
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Decimal
IP Address
Subnet
Mask
Subnet
addresss

172.17.99.
71
255.255.0.
0

10101100

Binary
00010001

11111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

172.17.0.0

10101100

00010001

00000001

00100000

01100011

01000111

First determine the Host , and Host Last Broadcast

FISRT ADDRESS:Step 3 : Determine the First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host
range of the most recent bit subnet add to the number 1
IP Address
192.192.10.
11000000
11000000
00001010
00100001
234
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111100
Mask
5.0

Subnet
address
Fisrt
Address

192.192.10.
0
172.30.10.1

11100000

11000000

00001010

00000000

11000000

11000000

00001010

00000001

LAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Last specify Host by replacing a number from 0 to 1 on the host
add subnet range except at the very last bit remains 0 .
IP Address
172.17.99.7
10101100
01100001
01100011
00100111
1
Subnet
255.255.0.0
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Mask
Subnet
172.17.0.0
10101100
00010001
00000000
00000000
address
Last
172.17.255.
10100100
00010001
11111111
11111110
Address
254
BROADCAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Determine Broadcast by replacing all the
host subnet range add to the number 1.
IP Address
192.192.10.
10101100
00010001
294
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
Mask
5.0
Subnet
172.192.10.
10101100
00011100
address
0
Broadcast
172.17.255.
10101100
000010001
255

numbers from 0 to
01100011

00100001

00000000

00000000

00000000

00000000

11111111

11111111

NUMBER OF SUBNET:Step 6 : Determine The Number Of Subnet

The Number Of Subnet Is Determined by How Many Bit Are In The
Subnet Counting Range (In This Example , 8 Bits).
Use the formula 2(n) , where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
4. 2^ 0= 1
Number of host bits
Number of subnet
(all 0 used,all 1s not
used)

0bits
2^0 = 1 subnets

Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet:Step 7 : Determine the number usable host per subnet
The number of host [er subnet is determined by the number og hist bits

2^8 -2 = 256 2 = 254 host Per Subnet

Number of host bits per subnet
Number of usable hosts per subnet

Task 2 : Problem 5

16bits
(2^16) 2 = 15536 -2 =65534 Host
per subnet

Host IP
Address
Subnet Mask

192.168.3.2
19
255.255.25
5.0

Number Of Subnet Bit

Number Of subnet
Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet
Number Of Useable Host Per
subnet
Subnet Address For this IP
Address
IP Address For First Host On This
Subnet
IP Address Of Last Host On This
Subnet
Broadcast Address For This
subnet

8
256
256
254
192.168.3.0
192.168.3.1
192.168.3.254
192.168.3.255

BINARY NUMBER:Step 1: Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation
Convert the host Ip address and network masj to binary :
IX.

Number Bits
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Example : 128 + 64 = 192

X.

1 AND 1 = 1 (on)
1 AND 0 = 0 (off)
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Subnet
Counting
Range

Host
Rang
e

Decimal
Binary

IP Address

i.

192
11100000

168
10101000

3
00000011

219
11011011

Calculation of Network Mask

1x128=128 0x128=0
1x64=64
0x64=0
1x32=32
0x32=0
1x16=16 0x16=0
1x8=8
0x8=0
1x4=4
0x4=0
1x2=2
0x2=0
1x1=1
0x1=0
Then we add all those numbers,

Example :
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
j. counting to three and four blocks
Example :
0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0=0
Binary

Decimal
Binary
DUBNET ADDRESS:-

255
11111111

255
11111111

255
11111111

0
00000000

Step 2 : Determine The Network (or Subnet) where this Host Address
belong.
Looking for Network Address , by adding binary numbers of IP Address and
Network Mask
using the AND operator . Note ; 1 AND 1 =
1 , while if there are 0 on the right AND the resul
Example : Formula AND GATE
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_______________
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Decimal
IP Address
Subnet
Mask
Subnet
addresss

192.168.3.
216
255.255.25
5.0
192.168.3.
0

1100000

Binary
10101000

00000011

11011011

11111111

11111111

11111111

00000000

11000000

10101000

00000011

00000000

First determine the Host , and Host Last Broadcast

FISRT ADDRESS:Step 3 : Determine the First Host by replacing the number 0 on the host
range of the most recent bit subnet add to the number 1
IP Address
192.168.3.
11000000
10101000
00000011
11010011
219
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111100
Mask
5.0
Subnet
192.168.3.
11000000
10101000
00000011
00000000
address
0
Fisrt
172.168.3.
11000000
10101000
00000011
00000001
Address
1
LAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Last specify Host by replacing a number from 0 to 1 on the host
add subnet range except at the very last bit remains 0 .
IP Address
192.168.3.
11100000
10101000
00000011
11011011
219
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Mask
5.0
Subnet
192.168.3.
11000000
10101000
00000011
00000000
address
0
Last
192.168.3.
11000000
10101000
00000011
11111111
Address
254
BROADCAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Determine Broadcast by replacing all the
host subnet range add to the number 1.
IP Address
192.168.3.
10101000
00011100
219
Subnet
255.255.25
11111111
11111111
Mask
5.0
Subnet
192.168.3.
11000000
00011100
address
0
Broadcast
192.168.3.
11000000
000111100
255
NUMBER OF SUBNET:-

numbers from 0 to
00000011

11011011

11111111

00000000

00000001

00000000

00000001

11111111

Step 6 : Determine The Number Of Subnet

The Number Of Subnet Is Determined by How Many Bit Are In The
Subnet Counting Range (In This Example , 8 Bits).
Use the formula 2(n) , where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
5. 2^ 8= 256
Number of host bits
Number of subnet
(all 0 used,all 1s not
used)

8bits
2^8 = 256 subnets

Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet:Step 7 : Determine the number usable host per subnet
The number of host [er subnet is determined by the number og hist bits

2^8 -2 = 256 2 = 254 host Per Subnet

Number of host bits per subnet
Number of usable hosts per subnet

8bits
(2^8) 2 = 256 -2 =254 Host per
subnet

Task 2 : Problem 6
Host IP
Address
Subnet Mask

192.168.3.2
19
255.255.255
.252

Number Of Subnet Bit

Number Of subnet
Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet
Number Of Useable Host Per
subnet
Subnet Address For this IP
Address
IP Address For First Host On This
Subnet
IP Address Of Last Host On This
Subnet
Broadcast Address For This
subnet

14
16384
4
2
192.168.3.216
192.168.3.217
192.168.3.218
192.168.3.21

BINARY NUMBER:Step 1: Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation
Convert the host Ip address and network mask to binary :
XI.

Number Bits
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2

1=1
Example : 128 + 64 = 192
XII.

1 AND 1 = 1 (on)
1 AND 0 = 0 (off)
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1

Subnet
Counting
Range

Decimal
Binary

IP Address

192
11100000

168
10101000

3
00000011

Host
Rang
e
219
11011011

k. Calculation of Network Mask

1x128=128 0x128=0
1x64=64
0x64=0
1x32=32
0x32=0
1x16=16 0x16=0
1x8=8
0x8=0
1x4=4
0x4=0
1x2=2
0x2=0
1x1=1
0x1=0
Then we add all those numbers,
Example :
128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255
l. counting to three and four blocks
Example :
0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0=0
Binary

Decimal
Binary
SUBNET ADDRESS:-

255
11111111

255
11111111

255
11111111

252
11111100

Step 2 : Determine The Network (or Subnet) where this Host Address
belong.
Looking for Network Address , by adding binary numbers of IP Address and
Network Mask
using the AND operator . Note ; 1 AND 1 =
1 , while if there are 0 on the right AND the resul
Example : Formula AND GATE

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_______________
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Decimal
IP Address
Subnet
Mask
Subnet
addresss

192.168.3.21
6
255.255.255.
252
192.168.3.21
6

1100000

Binary
10101000

00000011

11010111

11111111

11111111

11111111

11111100

11000000

10101000

00000011

11011000

First determine the Host , and Host Last Broadcast

FISRT ADDRESS:Step 3 : Determine the First Host by replacing the number 0 on
range of the most recent bit subnet add to the number 1
IP Address
192.168.3.21 11000000
10101000
00000011
9
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.
11111111
11111111
11111111
252
Subnet
192.168.3.21
11000000
11001000
00000011
address
6
Fisrt Address 172.168.3.21 11000000
1010100
00000011
7

the host
11010011
11111100
11011000
11011001

LAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Last specify Host by replacing a number from 0 to 1 on the host
add subnet range except at the very last bit remains 0 .
IP Address
192.168.3.21 1110000 1010100 0000001 1101101
9
0
0
1
1
Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 1111111 1111111 1111111 1111110
252
1
1
1
0
Subnet
192.168.3.21 1100000 1010100 0000001 1101100
address
6
0
0
1
0
Last Address
192.168.3.21 1100000 1010100 0000001 1101101
9
0
1
0

BROADCAST ADDRESS:Step 4 : Determine Broadcast by replacing all the numbers from

host subnet range add to the number 1.
IP Address
192.168.3.21 10101100
00011100
00000001
9
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.
11111111
11111111
11111111
252
Subnet
192.168.3.21
10101100
00011100
00000001
address
6
Broadcast
192.168.3.21 10101100 000111100 00000001
9

0 to
11011011
11111000
11011000
11011011

NUMBER OF SUBNET:Step 6 : Determine The Number Of Subnet

The Number Of Subnet Is Determined by How Many Bit Are In The
Subnet Counting Range (In This Example , 8 Bits).
Use the formula 2(n) , where n is the number of bits in the subnet
counting range.
6. 2^ 14= 16384
Number of host bits
Number of subnet
(all 0 used,all 1s not
used)

14bits
2^14 =16384
subnets

Number Of Host Bits Per Subnet:Step 7 : Determine the number usable host per subnet
The number of host [er subnet is determined by the number og hist bits

Number of host bits per subnet

Number of usable hosts per subnet

2bits
(2^2) 2 = 4 -2 =2 Host per subnet