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Dr Natalia Berloff
Summary of Vector Calculus
The following results apply to any (suitably differentiable) scalar field (x) and vector
fields u(x) and (x). They all have important applications in fluid mechanics.
Derivatives of a vector field:
ui
div u .u =
has one component and is a scalar
xi
uk
has three components and is a vector
curl u ( u)i = ijk
xj
ui
has nine components and is a 2nd-rank tensor
grad u (u)ij =
xj
Two identities:
curl grad = 0 .
div curl u = . u 0 .
1
u=
,
2
3
h1 h2 h3 1
h u h u h u
1 1
2 2
3 3
where: h1 = 1, h2 = r, h3 = 1 in cylindrical polars (r, , z); and
h1 = 1,h2 = r, h3 = r sin in spherical polars (r, , ).
1
,
,
r r z
uz
1 (rur ) 1 u
+
+
r r
r
z
2
1
1 2
2
=
r
+ 2 2 + 2
r r
r
r
z
.u =
dl = (dr, r d, dz)
n = (cos , sin , 0)
Stream function for 2D flow (uz = /z = 0):
1
,
,0
u=
r
r
Stream function for axisymmetric flow (u = / = 0):
1
1
u=
, 0,
r z
r r
1
1
,
,
r r r sin
1 (sin u )
1 u
1 (r 2 ur )
+
+
2
r
r
r sin
r sin
2
1
1
2 = 2
r2
+ 2
sin
+ 2 2
r r
r
r sin
r sin 2
.u =
dl = (dr, r d, r sin d)