Taxi Driver

This article is about the 1976 lm. For the profession,

see Taxicab driver. For the 1978 sitcom, see Taxi (TV
series). For other uses, see Taxi Driver (disambiguation).
You talkin' to me?" redirects here. For the 1987 lm of
the same name, see You Talkin' to Me?.

crime and prostitution that he witnesses throughout the

city, Travis nds an outlet for his frustration and begins a
program of intense physical training. He buys guns from
dealer Easy Andy and constructs a sleeve gun to attach
on his arm, with which he practices drawing his weapons.
One night, Travis enters a convenience store moments before a man attempts to rob it, and he shoots the robber.
The shop owner takes responsibility and Travis leaves.
On another night, teenage prostitute Iris[2] enters Traviss
cab, attempting to escape her pimp Matthew Sport Higgins. Sport drags Iris from the cab and throws Travis a
crumpled twenty-dollar bill, which continually reminds
him of her. Some time later, Travis hires her (Iris), but
instead of having sex with her, attempts to dissuade her
from continuing in prostitution. He fails to completely
turn her from her course, but she does agree to meet
with him for breakfast the next day, and Travis becomes
obsessed with helping her return to her parents home.
Travis leaves a letter to Iris at his apartment saying he
will soon be dead, and inside the letter, money for her to
return home.

Taxi Driver is a 1976 American neo noir vigilante lm directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Paul Schrader.
Set in New York City soon after the end of the Vietnam
War, the lm stars Robert De Niro and features Jodie
Foster, Harvey Keitel, Cybill Shepherd, Peter Boyle, and
Albert Brooks.
The lm is regularly cited by critics, lm directors, and
audiences alike as one of the greatest lms of all time.
Nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best
Picture, it won the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film
Festival. The American Film Institute ranked Taxi Driver
as the 52nd-greatest American lm on its AFIs 100
Years100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) list. In
2012, Sight & Sound named it the 31st-best lm ever in
its decennial critics poll, ranked with The Godfather Part
II, and the fth-greatest lm of all time on its directors
poll. The lm was considered culturally, historically or
aesthetically signicant by the US Library of Congress
and was selected for preservation in the National Film
Registry in 1994.

After shaving his head into a mohawk, Travis attends

a public rally, where he attempts to assassinate Senator Palantine, but Secret Service agents notice him and
he ees without taking a shot. He returns to his apartment and then drives to the East Village, where he confronts Sport. Travis shoots Sport, then walks into Iriss
brothel and shoots o the bouncers ngers. After a
wounded Sport shoots Travis, grazing his neck, Travis
shoots and kills him. Iriss john, a mobster, appears and
shoots Travis in the arm, but Travis reveals his sleeve gun
and kills the gangster. The bouncer continues to harass
Travis, causing Travis to stab him in the hand and shoot
him in the head to kill him. As a horried Iris cries, Travis
attempts suicide but, out of ammunition, resigns himself
to a sofa until police arrive. When they do, he places his
index nger against his temple gesturing the act of shooting himself. While recuperating, Travis receives a letter
from Iriss parents, who thank him for saving her, and the
media hail him as a hero. Travis then returns to his job
and encounters Betsy as a fare. She discusses his newfound fame, but he denies being a hero and drops her o
free of charge. He glances at her in his rear view mirror
as he drives away.

Plot

Travis Bickle, an honorably discharged U.S. Marine, is

a lonely and depressed man in New York City. He becomes a taxi driver to cope with chronic insomnia, driving passengers every night around the boroughs of New
York City. He also spends time in seedy porn theaters
and keeps a diary. Travis becomes infatuated with Betsy,
a campaign volunteer for Senator Charles Palantine, who
is running for President. After watching her interact with
fellow worker Tom through her window, Travis enters to
volunteer as a pretext to talk to her, and takes her out
for coee. On a later date, he takes her to see a Swedish
sex education lm, which oends her, and she goes home
alone. His attempts at reconciliation by sending owers
are rebued, so he berates her at the campaign oce, before being kicked out by Tom.

2 Cast

Travis condes in fellow taxi driver Wizard about his

thoughts, which are beginning to turn violent, but Wizard
assures him that he will be ne. Disgusted by the street

Robert De Niro as Travis Bickle

1

3
Jodie Foster as Iris Easy Steensma
Harvey Keitel as Matthew Sport Higgins
Cybill Shepherd as Betsy

PRODUCTION

the atmospheric scenes in Bickles cab, the sound men

would get in the trunk and Scorsese and his cinematographer, Michael Chapman, would ensconce themselves on
the back seat oor and use available light to shoot.

In writing the script, Schrader was inspired by the diaries of Arthur Bremer (who shot presidential candidate
George Wallace in 1972)[5] and Fyodor Dostoyevskys
Leonard Harris as Senator Charles Palantine
Notes from Underground. The writer also used himself
Peter Boyle as Wizard
as inspiration; prior to writing the screenplay, Schrader
was in a lonely and alienated position, much like Bickle
Harry Northup as Doughboy
is. Following a divorce and a breakup with a live-in girl Martin Scorsese as the Silhouette Watching Passen- friend, he spent a few weeks living in his car. He wrote
the script in under a month while staying in his former
ger
girlfriends apartment while she was away.
Victor Argo as Melio
Schrader decided to make Bickle a Vietnam vet because
the national trauma of the war seemed to blend perfectly
Steven Prince as Easy Andy
with Bickles paranoid psychosis, making his experiences
Joe Spinell as Personnel ocer
after the war more intense and threatening. Thus, Bickle
chooses to drive his taxi anywhere in the city as a way to
Diahnne Abbott as Concession girl
feed his hate.[6]
Bob Maro as Anthony Sciloso, the maoso
While preparing for his role as Bickle, De Niro was lming Bernardo Bertoluccis 1900 in Italy. According to
Boyle, he would nish shooting on a Friday in Rome ...
3 Production
get on a plane ... [and] y to New York. De Niro obtained a cab drivers license, and when on break would
According to Scorsese, it was Brian De Palma who intro- pick up a cab and drive around New York for a couple of
duced him to Schrader. In Scorsese on Scorsese, edited by weeks, before returning to Rome to resume lming 1900.
David M. Thompson and Ian Christie, the director talks De Niro apparently lost 35 pounds and listened repeatabout how much of the lm arose from his feeling that edly to a taped reading of the diaries of Arthur Bremer.
movies are like dreams or drug-induced reveries. He ad- When he had time o from shooting 1900, De Niro vismits attempting to incubate within the viewer the feeling ited an army base in Northern Italy and tape-recorded solof being in a limbo state somewhere between sleeping diers from the Midwestern United States, whose accents
and waking. He calls Travis an avenging angel oat- he thought might be appropriate for Traviss character.
ing through the streets of a New York City intended to When Bickle decides to assassinate Senator Palantine, he
represent all cities everywhere. Scorsese calls attention cuts his hair into a Mohawk. This detail was suggested by
to improvisation in the lm, such as in the scene between actor Victor Magnotta, a friend of Scorseses who had a
De Niro and Cybill Shepherd in the coee shop. The di- small role as a Secret Service agent and who had served
rector also cites Alfred Hitchcock's The Wrong Man and in Vietnam. Scorsese later noted, Magnotta had talked
Jack Hazans A Bigger Splash as inspirations for his cam- about certain types of soldiers going into the jungle. They
erawork in the movie.[3]
cut their hair in a certain way; looked like a Mohawk ...
Albert Brooks as Tom

In Scorsese on Scorsese, the director mentions the religious symbolism in the story, comparing Bickle to a saint
who wants to cleanse or purge both his mind and his body
of weakness. Bickle attempts to kill himself near the end
of the movie as a tribute to the samurais "death with honour" principle.[3]

and you knew that was a special situation, a commando

kind of situation, and people gave them wide berths ... we
thought it was a good idea.
Jodie Foster was not the rst choice to play Iris. Scorsese considered Melanie Grith, Linda Blair, Bo Derek,
and Carrie Fisher for the role. A newcomer, Mariel Hemingway, auditioned for the role but turned it down due to
pressure from her family. After the other actresses turned
down the role as well, Foster, an experienced child actor,
was chosen.

When Travis meets Betsy to join him for coee and pie,
she is reminded of a line in Kris Kristoerson's song
The Pilgrim, Chapter 33: Hes a prophet and a pusher,
partly truth, partly ctiona walking contradiction. On
their date, Bickle takes her to see Language of Love, a In the original draft, Schrader had written the role of
Swedish sex education lm.[4]
Sport as a black man. There were also additions of other
Shot during a New York summer heat wave and garbage negative black roles. Scorsese believed that this would
strike, Taxi Driver came into conict with the MPAA give the lm an overly racist subtext, so they were changed
for its violence (Scorsese de-saturated the color in the - to white roles. The Terminal Bar was featured in a scene
nal shoot-out, and the lm got an R rating). To achieve in the lm.[7]

5.1

John Hinckley, Jr.

Schrader originally set the lm in Los Angeles, but it was print with the unmuted colors exists anymore, as the origmoved to New York City because taxicabs were much inals had long since deteriorated.
more prevalent there than in Los Angeles.
Some critics expressed concern over 13-year-old Fosters
presence during the climactic shoot-out. Foster said that
she was present during the setup and staging of the spe4 Music
cial eects used during the scene; the entire process was
explained and demonstrated for her, step by step. Rather
The music by Bernard Herrmann was his nal score be- than being upset or traumatised, Foster said, she was fasfore his death on December 24, 1975, and the lm is dedi- cinated and entertained by the behind-the-scenes prepacated to his memory. Robert Barnett of MusicWeb Inter- ration that went into the scene. In addition, before being
national has said that it contrasts deep, sleazy noises, rep- given the part, Foster was subjected to psychological testresenting the scum that Travis sees all over the city, with ing to ensure that she would not be emotionally scarred
the saxophone, a musical counterpart to Travis, creating by her role, in accordance with California Labor Board
a melliuously disenchanted troubadour. Barnett also ob- requirements.[13]
serves that the opposing noises in the soundtrackgritty Copies of the lm distributed for TV broadcast had
little harp gures, hard as shards of steel, as well as a jazz an unexplained disclaimer added during the closing
drum kit placing the drama in the cityare indicative of credits:[14][15]
loneliness in the midst of mobs of people. Deep brass
and woodwinds are also evident. Barnett heard in the
To our Television Audience: In the afdrumbeat a wild-eyed martial air charting the pressure on
termath
of violence, the distinction between
Bickle, who is increasingly oppressed by the corruption
hero
and
villain is sometimes a matter of interaround him, and that the harp, drum, and saxophone play
[8]
pretation
or misinterpretation of facts. Taxi
signicant roles in the music.
Driver suggests that tragic errors can be made.
Also featured in the lm is Jackson Browne's "Late for
The Filmmakers.
the Sky", appearing in a scene where couples are dancing
on the program American Bandstand to the song as Travis
watches on his small TV.
5.1 John Hinckley, Jr.
The soundtrack for the lm, re-released in 1998 on CD,
includes an expanded version of the score as well as the
tracks from the original 1976 LP. It also features album
notes by director Martin Scorsese, as well as full documentation for the tracks, linking them in great detail to
individual takes. Track 12, Diary of a Taxi Driver, features Herrmanns music with De Niros voice-over taken
directly from the soundtrack.

Taxi Driver formed part of the delusional fantasy of John

Hinckley, Jr.[16][17] that triggered his attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan in 1981, an act for
which he was found not guilty by reason of insanity.[18][19]
Hinckley stated that his actions were an attempt to impress actress Jodie Foster, on whom Hinckley was xated, by mimicking Traviss mohawked appearance at the
Palantine rally. His attorney concluded his defense by
Some of the tracks feature relatively long titles, represenplaying the movie for the jury.
tative of the fact that similar reprises are heard in many
scenes.
Only the A-side of the 1976 soundtrack LP featured the 6 Interpretations
Herrmann score. The B-side (tracks 14 through 18 on the
CD) was dedicated to jazz interpretations of the score,
arranged & conducted by Dave Blume. None of these Sabine Haenni, a professor at Cornell University, commented on the lm in her article Geographies of Desire:
recordings appeared in the lm.
Postsocial Urban Space and Historical Revision in the
Films of Martin Scorsese pg. 67: While Taxi Driver
chronicles Traviss excessive response to the perceived
5 Controversies
decline of the city, perhaps more fundamentally, the decline of the city seems to engender the decline of the male
The climactic shoot-out was considered intensely graphic heroTraviss inability to function in individual, collecat the time the lm was initially released.[11] To attain an tive, and heteronormative terms.
R rating, Scorsese had the colors de-saturated, making the brightly colored blood less prominent.[12] In later Roger Ebert has written of the lms ending:
interviews, Scorsese commented that he was actually
There has been much discussion about the
pleased by the color change and considered it an improveending, in which we see newspaper clippings
ment over the originally lmed scene, which has been lost.
about Traviss 'heroism' of saving Iris, and then
In the special-edition DVD, Michael Chapman, the lms
cinematographer, regrets the decision and the fact that no
Betsy gets into his cab and seems to give him

8
admiration instead of her earlier disgust. Is this
a fantasy scene? Did Travis survive the shootout? Are we experiencing his dying thoughts?
Can the sequence be accepted as literally true?
... I am not sure there can be an answer to these
questions. The end sequence plays like music,
not drama: It completes the story on an emotional, not a literal, level. We end not on carnage but on redemption, which is the goal of so
many of Scorseses characters.[20]

LEGACY

steam to the climactic killing scene in which

the camera nally looks straight down. Scorsese wanted to look away from Traviss rejection; we almost want to look away from his life.
But hes there, all right, and hes suering.[26]
It was also nominated for four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor (De Niro), and received
the Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival.[27] It
has been selected for preservation in the United States
National Film Registry.[28] The lm was chosen by Time
as one of the 100 best lms of all time.[29]

James Berardinelli, in his review of the lm, argues

As of 2014, Rotten Tomatoes gives the lm a score of
against the dream or fantasy interpretation, stating:
98% based on reviews from 63 critics; the sites consensus states: A must-see lm for movie lovers, this Martin
Scorsese and writer Paul Schrader append
Scorsese masterpiece is as hard-hitting as it is compelling,
the perfect conclusion to Taxi Driver. Steeped
with Robert De Niro at his best.[30]
in irony, the ve-minute epilogue underscores
the vagaries of fate. The media builds Bickle
into a hero, when, had he been a little quicker
drawing his gun against Senator Palantine, he
would have been reviled as an assassin. As
the lm closes, the misanthrope has been embraced as the model citizensomeone who
takes on pimps, drug dealers, and mobsters to
save one little girl.[21]

The July/August 2009 issue of Film Comment polled several critics on the best lms to win the Palme d'Or at
the Cannes Film Festival. Taxi Driver placed rst, above
lms such as Il Gattopardo, Viridiana, Blowup, The Conversation, Apocalypse Now, La Dolce Vita, and Pulp Fiction.[31]

In the American Film Institute's top 50 movie villains of

all time, Bickle was named the 30th greatest lm villain.
Empire also ranked him 18th in its The 100 Greatest
On the Laserdisc audio commentary, Scorsese acknowl- Movie Characters poll.[32]
edged several critics' interpretation of the lms ending
as being Bickles dying dream. He admits that the last
scene of Bickle glancing at an unseen object implies that 7.2 Accolades
Bickle might fall into rage and recklessness in the future, and he is like a ticking time bomb.[22] Writer Paul 8 Legacy
Schrader conrms this in his commentary on the 30thanniversary DVD, stating that Travis is not cured by the
movies end, and that hes not going to be a hero next Taxi Driver, American Gigolo, Light Sleeper, and The
time.[23] When asked on the website Reddit about the Walker make up a series referred to variously as the Man
lms ending, Schrader said that it was not to be taken as in a Room or Night Worker lms. Screenwriter Paul
a dream sequence, but that he envisioned it as returning Schrader (who directed the latter three lms) has said that
lms to be
to the beginning of the lmas if the last frame could he considers the central characters of the four [33][34]
one
character,
who
has
changed
as
he
has
aged.
The
be spliced to the rst frame, and the movie started all over
lm
also
inuenced
the
Charles
Winkler
lm
You
Talkin'
again.[24]
to Me?[35]

Reaction

In the 2012 lm Seven Psychopaths, psychotic Los Angeles actor Billy Bickle (Sam Rockwell) believes himself to
be the illegitimate son of Travis Bickle.[36]

Critical and box oce reception

Travis also appears as a minor supporting character in the

2012 graphic novel Before Watchmen: Rorshach.

Filmed on a budget of $1.3 million, Taxi Driver was

a nancial success, grossing $28,262,574 in the United
States,[25] making it the 17th-highest-grossing lm of
1976.

In the Canadian television series Trailer Park Boys, a man

dressed as Travis makes an appearance in the episode
Jim Lahey is a Drunk Bastard, during the trailer park
supervisor election.

7.1

Roger Ebert instantly praised it as one of the greatest lms

he had ever seen, claiming:
8.1
Taxi Driver is a hell, from the opening
shot of a cab emerging from stygian clouds of

You talkin' to me?"

The catchphrase You talkin' to me?" has become a pop

culture mainstay. In 2005, it was ranked number 10 on

5
the American Film Institute's AFIs 100 Years... 100 AMC Theatres across the United States on March 19 and
Movie Quotes.[37]
22.
In the corresponding scene, Bickle is looking into a mirror
at himself, imagining a confrontation that would give him
a chance to draw his gun. He says:
Roger Ebert called it the truest line in the lm.... Travis
Bickles desperate need to make some kind of contact
somehowto share or mimic the eortless social interaction he sees all around him, but does not participate
in.[38]

10 Sequel/remake
In late January 2005, a sequel was announced by De
Niro and Scorsese.[44] At a 25th-anniversary screening of
Raging Bull, De Niro talked about the story of an older
Travis Bickle being in development. Also in 2000, De
Niro mentioned interest in bringing back the character in
conversation with Actors Studio host James Lipton.[45] In
November 2013, he revealed Schrader did a rst draft but
both him and Scorsese thought it wasn't good enough to
go beyond.[46]

Schrader does not take credit for the line, saying that his
script only read, Travis speaks to himself in the mirror, and that De Niro improvised the dialogue. However, Schrader went on to say that De Niros performance
was inspired by a routine by an underground New York
comedian whom he had once seen, possibly including At the Berlinale 2010, De Niro, Scorsese, and Lars von
Trier announced plans to work on a remake of Taxi
his signature line.[39]
Driver. The lm will be produced in a similar manner
In his 2009 memoir, saxophonist Clarence Clemons to von Triers The Five Obstructions.[47]
said De Niro explained the lines origins when Clemons
coached De Niro to play the saxophone for the 1977 lm In December 2011, Scorsese was interviewed about comNew York, New York.[40] Clemons said De Niro had seen bining his passion for 3D as a new medium with the legacy
Bruce Springsteen say the line onstage at a concert as fans of older lms, and said, If I could go back in time, I'd
were screaming his name, and decided to make the line shoot Taxi Driver in 3D. Bob De Niro in the mirror as
Travis Bickle. Imagine how intimidating. 'You talking to
his own.[41]
me? You talking to me?' Amazing possibilities.[48][49]

Home media

The rst collectors edition (DVD), released in 1999, was

packaged as a single-disc edition release. It contained
special features, such as behind-the-scenes and several
trailers, including one for Taxi Driver.
In 2006, a 30th-anniversary 2-disc collectors edition was
released. The rst disc contains the lm itself, two audio
commentaries (one by writer Schrader and the other by
Professor Robert Kolker), and trailers. This edition also
retains some of the special features from the earlier release on the second disc, as well as some newly produced
documentary material.
A Blu-ray was released on April 5, 2011 to commemorate
the lms 35th anniversary. It includes the special features from the previous 2-disc collectors edition, plus an
audio commentary by Scorsese released in 1991 for The
Criterion Collection, previously released on Laserdisc.

11 References
[1] Taxi Driver (1976)". Box Oce Mojo. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
[2] same name as the protagonist of the homonymous opera
of Mascagni, where the girl had been kidnapped by deception and induced to prostitution
[3] Scorsese on Scorsese edited by David Thompson and
Ian Christie. 057114103X: series London; Boston: Faber
and Faber, 1989. Call#: Van Pelt Library PN1998.3.S39
A3 1989
[4] Daniel Ekeroth: SWEDISH SENSATIONSFILMS: A
Clandestine History of Sex, Thrillers, and Kicker Cinema,
(Bazillion Points, 2011) ISBN 978-0-9796163-6-5.
[5] Portrait of an Assassin: Arthur Bremer. The American
Experience. PBS. Archived from the original on 13 June
2008. Retrieved 2008-06-25.

As part of the Blu-ray production, Sony gave the lm [6]

a full 4K digital restoration, which included scanning
and cleaning the original negative (removing emulsion
[7]
dirt and scratches). Colors were matched to directorapproved prints under guidance from Scorsese and director of photography Michael Chapman. An all-new [8]
lossless DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 soundtrack was also
made from the original stereo recordings by Scorseses
[9]
personal sound team.[42][43] The restored print premiered
in February 2011 at the Berlin Film Festival, and to promote the Blu-ray, Sony also had the print screened at [10]

Travis gave punks a hair of aggression. The Toronto Star

12 Feb. 2005: H02
Dunlap, David W. (November 26, 2014). A Dive Where
Regulars Were Shot Regularly. The New York Times.
Taxi Driver: Music composed by Bernard Hermann
musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
Ruhlmann, William. Bernard Hermann. CFBT-FM.
Bell Media. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
AllMusic

12

[11] A stupid orgy of violence.David Robinson. Down these

mean streets (The Arts). The Times (London). Friday,
August 20, 1976. (59787), col C, p. 7.
[12] Taxi Driver at AllMovie Retrieved 2007-09-16.

EXTERNAL LINKS

[35] James, Caryn (2010-11-01). New York Times lm

overview. Movies.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
[36] Shone, Tom (3 December 2012). Sam Rockwell: Hollywoods odd man out. Retrieved 3 August 2014.

[13] Foster interview by Boze Hadleigh (March/June 1992)

[37] "Frankly, My Dear, I Don't Give A Damn", AFIs 100

Years... 100 Movie Quotes, American Film Institute.

[14] FuzzyMemories.TV - - Taxi Driver - TV Disclaimer

Ending (1982)". FuzzyMemories.TV. Retrieved 201111-21.

[38] Ebert, Roger. Taxi Driver. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 25 March 2013.

[15] Taxi Driver Lashes Out at Society. Schenectady Gazette.

Google News. January 27, 1979. p. 25.

[39] "'There was a sense of exhilaration about what we

had done'", excerpt from Schrader on Schrader, in The
Guardian, 1 September 2004.

[16] Taxi Driver: Its Inuence on John Hinckley, Jr.

Law.umkc.edu. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
[17] Taxi Driver by Denise Noe
[18] The John Hinckley Trial & Its Eect on the Insanity Defense by Kimberly Collins, Gabe Hinkebein, and Staci
Schorgl

[40] Rush and Molloy (May 31, 2009). Side Dish: Pasties special order for Britney. New York Daily News
[41] Clemons, Clarence (2009). Big Man: Real Life & Tall
Tales. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-0-44654626-3.

[19] Verdict and Uproar by Denise Noe

[42] Home Cinema @ The Digital Fix - Taxi Driver 35th AE

(US BD) in April. Homecinema.thedigitalx.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-07-23.

[20] Eberts Review of Taxi Driver Rogerebert.com 1 January

2004. Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[43] From Berlin: 4K 'Taxi Driver' World Premiere. MSN.

[21] ReelViews Movie Review. Reelviews.net. Retrieved

2012-04-04.

[44] Brooks, Xan (2005-02-05). Scorsese and De Niro plan

Taxi Driver sequel. London: The Guardian. Retrieved
2010-02-24.

[22] Taxi Driver Laserdisc Commentary

[23] Taxi Driver Audio Commentary with Paul Schrader
[24] Schrader, Paul. I am Paul Schrader, writer of Taxi
Driver, writer/director of American Gigolo and director
of The Canyons. AMA!". Reddit. Retrieved 2013-0818.
[25] Taxi Driver, Box Oce Mojo IMDB Retrieved 31 March
2007

[45] Saravia, Jerry. Taxi Driver 2: Bringing Out Travis.

faustus. Archived from the original on 2009-10-27. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
[46] Brooks, Xan (2013-11-14). Robert De Niro: 'I'd like
to see where Travis Bickle is today'". London: The
Guardian. Retrieved 2014-12-28.
[47] Lars Von Trier, Robert DeNiro, and Martin Scorsese
Collaborating on New Taxi Driver. dreadcentral.com.
Retrieved 2010-02-24.

[26] Taxi Driver. Chicago Sun-Times.

[27] Cannes Film Festival Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[48] scorsesefans.com. scorsesefans.com. 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-04-04.

[28] Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of

Congress, 19892005 Retrieved 10 March 2007.

[49] 2011 in Review: Sting, Martin Scorsese, Bill Maher and

Dozens More Look Back. Retrieved 26 June 2013.

[29] Schickel, Richard (2012-01-23). The Complete List ALL-TIME 100 Movies. TIME. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
[30] Taxi Driver, Rotten Tomatoes Flixster. Retrieved 4 October 2008

12 External links
Taxi Driver at the Internet Movie Database

[31] List of best lms to win Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film
Festival. Film Society for Lincoln Center. Retrieved
2010-02-24.

Taxi Driver at the TCM Movie Database

[32] The 100 Greatest Movie Characters. Empire. Retrieved

2008-12-02.

Taxi Driver at Rotten Tomatoes

[33] Interview with Paul Schrader, BBC Radio 4s Film Programme, 10 August 2007
[34] Filmmaker Magazine, Fall 1992.
magazine.com. Retrieved 2012-04-04.

Filmmaker-

Taxi Driver at Box Oce Mojo

13
13.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

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