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3 course. 5 semester.
Module 2
Individual work # 2. Theme: Ways of formation and classification ways of
idioms (15 hours)
Subtheme # 1: English soma phraseological units in comparison with related and nonrelated languages
Tasks:
1. Study the theme phraseology and find out certain facts on soma phraseological units.
Analyze the information you have gained from different sources and say what conclusions you
can reach.
Prepare a presentation of the results of you research. Use your notes and include any conclusions
you have reached so far about the given theme.
2. Collect examples on soma phaseological units from different sources. Compile a short
English-Kazakh-Russian dictionary of soma phraseological units. Your dictionary should consist
of 150-200 entries in English and their equivalents in the given languages.
3. Work out a test or three or five exercises on soma phraseological units and prepare an answer
key.
Phraseology is a branch of lexicology studyingphraseological units (set
expressions, praseologisms, or idioms (in foreign linguistics). Phraseological units
differ from free word-groups semantically and structurally: 1) they convey a single
concept and their meaning is idiomatic, i.e. it is not a mere total of the meanings of
their components 2) they are characterized by structural invariability (no word can
be substituted for any component of a phraseological unit without destroying its
sense (to have a bee in ones bonnet (not cap orhat). 3) they are not created in
speech but used as ready-made units. Unlike a word, a phraseological unit can be
divided into separately structured elements and transformed syntactically (On the
instant he was thinking how natural and unaffected her manner was now that the
ice between them had been broken.(Th. Dreiser, An American Tragedy). I... found
this man in a kind of seizure, and went for help. This broke the ice between us, and
we grew quite chatty, without either of us knowing the other's name. (H. Pollitt,
Serving My Time).
Phraseological units are classified in accordance with several criteria.
In the classification proposed by acad. Vinogradovphraseological units are
classified according to the semantic principle, and namely to the degree of
motivation of meaning, i.e. the relationship between the meaning of the whole unit
and the meaning of its components. Three groups are distinguished: phraseological
fusions (), phraseological unities (), phraseological
combinations ().
1. Phraseological fusions are non-motivated. The meaning of the whole is not
deduced from the meanings of the components: to kiss the hares
, ;
, ;
, ;
, , ,
.
Business before pleasure ( );
Satan finds some mischief still for idle hands to do (
);
Dog-lazy (, );
To goof off ();
To work with the left hand ( )
, ,
:
;
;
, ;
;
to play with fire;
to burn bridges;
there is no smoke without fire;
, busy as a bee
a cat and dog life
affair of the heart
affair of honour
knight without fear and without reproach
the cream of society
the game is worth the candle
- the reverse side of the coin.
-
1)Supply the missing colours in these expressions and translate the sentences into Russia.
1.
2.
March 10th was a _________-letter day for me; I was made office manager.
3.
4.
5.
A ______ lie = a lie told so as not to hurt someone else, and there fore not thought of a bad
action.
6.
I told him that his photographs were very good, but it was a ___________ lie.
7.
8.
Out of the ________ she announced that she was immigrating to Canada.
9.
10.
I found him sitting at the desk in a _____ study, and he did not hear me when I spoke to him.
11.
_______ market = the unlawful buying and selling of goods when such trade is controlled,
especially during or after a war.
12.
At that time, good quality clothes and shoes could only be found on the _____ market.
13.
_______-collar workers = people who work in clerical jobs; not manual workers.
14.
15.
16.
_______ list = a list of people, group, countries, etc., about whom something unfavorable is
known, or who have done something wrong, or who are to be punished.
Messrs. Filch and Wangle are on our _____ list of bad debts.
2)There are many idioms which contain words denoting plants. Complete each of the sentences below
with the correct idiom. Translate the sentences into Russian. Do Russian equivalents contain words
denoting plants?
the grass grow under your feet
nip it in the bud
the top of the tree
the pick of the bunch
a bed of roses
beat about the bush
2.
Mary led Sam ____. She kept promising to marry him, but in the end she left him for John.
3.
Susan's ready to ___. She's travelled all over the world, but now she wants to settle in one place.
4.
The police were determined to ____. It took them several weeks but they finally discovered the
cause of the fire.
5.
6.
7.
Sally's done very well in her job. She's at ____ in her profession.
8.
9.
I feel as if all our hard work is beginning to ____. The results are really worth the effort we put in!
10.
The teacher realized that the class might cause trouble, but managed to ____.
Translate the sentences into English using the idioms of the previous lessons.
1.
2.
. .
3.
, .
4.
9:00, .
5.
, . .
6.
. .
7.
, , , .
8.
(arrogant), .
9.
10.
, ,