1.

INTRODUCTION
The automatic meter reading(AMR) system as become a necessity for most
suppliers as deregulation, free customer choice and open market competition occur
in the energy supply sector. Power line communication has many new service
possibilities on the data transferring via power lines without use extra cables. AMR
is a very important application in these possibilities due to every user connected
each other via modems using power lines. AMR is a technique to facilitate remote
readings energy consumption.
Improving the electrical power supply to households as a big issue. The government
has set a specific goal to raise the distribution rate of electrical power supply, which
is now around 70% to 80% to 100%. Power companies are plagued by power theft.
PLC will play an important role in placing anti-theft power system.
Illegal electricity may be a serious problem in many countries .This problem has
been attempted to be resolved by special skills of humans, such as the police
special security etc. These method could not give optimum solution due to their
impracticalities. Meter reading has been applied by humans and some electronics
solutions such as optical reading methods, creditable utilization of electrical energy
etc.
Many chips which can be used for digital energy metering and PLC modems. The
problem of illegal usage of electricity must be solved electronically, without any
human control.
POWER THEFT
Electrical power by altering, slowing, resetting, swapping, or disconnecting an
electric meter. Theft also may occur by rewiring circuits to avoid an electric meter,
or by tapping into another customers electrical lines. The fraudster might use
devices to program the theft of power only during certain periods of theday or
week. A fraudster may rewire their property to illegally use power from cheaper
sources of power, or from meters that are billed at lower rates. The fraudster risks
electrocution and detection. Field employees of the power company are trained to
spot problems that result in persons not being billed for all the electricity they use.
Computerized billing systems are designed to detect erratic electricity use
PLC INSTALLATION.
Power meters with PLC modules will be installed near the top of the power polls.
Previously, it was enough to install power meters in high places, not in low places
such as the house wall, to prevent users from using power illegally by connecting
cables, or by using tampered meters. However, by doing so, the homeowners
themselves cannot check how much electricity was used. Therefore, PLC technology
was chosen. Meters installed in high places will send data of the used amount to
each household through power lines. Homeowners can then check the amount used
on the displays installed in each house. This means that the measurement function
and the display function of the meters will be separated.

Power theft is prevented by installing HD-PLC-mounted power meters on a high

position on power polls, while the amount of power used in each household can still
be checked
Each power meter is connected to an optical fiber network, and information of the
amount used by each household is sent to the power companies. If the power
companies find that a payment is delinquent, they can remotely stop the power
supply by controlling the meters through the optical fiber network. In this way, HDPLC and optical fiber networks enable power companies to prevent power theft, and
to grasp the actual amount of power consumed by district or by each household in
real time, and also to control the amount of power supply. The waste of power can
also be reduced, another big advantage. Furthermore, wide spread use of the power
meters with HD-PLC modules is expected to reduce regional disparities in
information, or the digital divide.
DETECTION OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE
4.1 Methods Of Illegal Electricity Usage:
In illegal usage, a subscriber illegally use electricity in following ways:
4.1.1 Using the mechanical objects:
A subscriber can use some mechanical objects to prevent the revolution of a meter,
so that disk speed is reduced and the recorded energy is also reduced.
4.1.2 Using a fixed magnet:
A subscriber can use a fixed magnet to change the electromagnetic field of the
current coils. As is well known , the recorded energy proportional to electromagnetic
field.
4.1.3. Using the external phase before meter terminals:
This method gives subscribers free energy without any record.
4.1. 4.Switching the energy cables at the meter connector box:
In this way ,the current does not pass through the current coil of the meter, so the
meter does not record the energy consumption.
Although all of the methods explained above may be valid for electromechanical
meters, only the last two methods are valid for digital meters.

5. DESCRIPTION ON PLC
Most economically viable technology for transferring Meter data to DCU. Uses the
technique of communicating the data over existing Electrical Lines which carry LT
power to the site. PLC is a kind of communication technology, which uses Medium
Voltage(MV) and Low Voltage(LV) distribution network as the communication media
to implement transmission of data, voice and real time image.
The components involved in PLC are the;
1. Power Line Carrier Unit which provides signal transmission and reception.
2. There is a Coupler used for clamping around a live wire thus injecting the
communication signals into the power line.

3. PLC modem
5.1 The monitoring system mainly has the following functions:
1. Remote meter-reading
2. Data acquisition
3. .Thread PLC transmissions are synchronized to the zero crossing point of the AC
power line. It should be transmitted as close to the zero crossing point i.e. within
200 s. Square wave with a max Delay of 100 s from the zero crossing point The
maximum delay between signal envelope input and 120KHz output bursts is 50 s.
Therefore, it should be arranged that outputs to the within 50 s.
CODE TRANSMISSION:
A Binary 1 is represented by a 1 ms burst of 120 KHz the zero crossing point and a
Binary 0 by the absence of 120 KHz. Therefore only the 1 ms "envelope" need be
applied to their inputs.
These 1 millisecond bursts should actually be transmitted three times to coincide
with the zero crossing points of all three phases in a three phase distribution
system.
7. DEFINITION ON AMR
AMR(AUTOMATIC REMOTE READING) automates the process of measurement
through digital communication techniques.
Bring intelligence into the revenue cycle and manage it:
The revenue cycle includes metering, billing operating, customer and the services.
7.1 ADVANTAGES:
1. Smart automated process instead of manual work.
2. Accurate information from the network load to optimise maintenance and
investments
3. Customized rates and billing dates.
4. Streamlined high bill investigations.
5. Detection of tampering of Meters.
6. Accurate measurement of transmission losses.
7. Better network performance and cost efficiency.
8. Demand and distribution management.
9. More intelligence to business planning
10. Better company credibility.