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CONTENTS

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

General:
1.1

Scope

1.2

Codes and standards

1.3

Design conditions

1.4

Materials

1.5

Piping components

1.6

Small Bore Piping

1.7

Large Bore Piping

Materials:
2.1.

Carbon Steel (CS)

2.2.

Low Temperature Carbon steel (LTCS)

2.3.

Alloy steel (AS)

2.4.

Stainless steel (SS)

2.5.

Lined Piping

2.6.

Non-ferrous Piping

2.7.

Special materials

Basis of material Specification/ Piping Classes:


3.1

Pressure

3.2

Temperature

3.3

Service or fluid

3.4

Valve trim

3.5

Piping Component requirements

Basis of material Specification/ Piping Classes:


4.1

General

4.2

Service Class Index

4.3

Piping Classes Designation

4.4

Process Licensors specification

4.5

Piping Classes

1.0 General:

1.1.

Scope:
The Scope of this session in general is to familiarize New joinees in Piping dept.

1.2.

Piping specifications

It's importance

Understanding

Basis

Codes and standards

Different materials

Piping components etc.

Codes and standards:


Process plant piping in Hydrocarbon industry is governed by various international and
national codes and standards. Especially, due to hazardous and inflammable fluids being
processed and handled involving high temperature and pressures.
Compliance with the codes and standards as applicable is mandatory for all such plants
to ensure the plant safety.
Various important piping codes and standards are as follows.
a)

ASME B31.1 - Code for Power Piping

b)

ASME B31.3 - Code for Chemical Plant and Petroleum rifinery Piping

c)

ASME B31.4 - Code for Liquid Transportation system for hydrocarbon


LPG-Anhydrous Ammonia and alohols.

d)

ASME B31.8 - Code for Gas Transmission and Distribution piping system

e)

The Indian Boiler Regulations

f)

ASTM Specifications for materials

g)

API Standards

h)

British Standards (BS

i)

Indian Standards (IS)


For more details on Codes and Standards. See annexure I

1.3

Design Conditions :
Pressure, temperature and Service are the most important considerations in the selection of
materials and preparation of material Specifications.

1.3.1 Pressure.
Pressure in the plant piping system can be vacuum, atmospheric or High- pressure up to some
hundred of bars.

1.3.2 Temperature
The temperature conditions for the plant piping can be

1.3.3

Cryogenic ,

Ambient.

High temperature.

The service i.e fluid. Gas or liquid, can be anything, e.g. non-corrosive, corrosive highly
corrosive, highly corrosive lethal process or utility services.
Selection of material as reflected in the material specifications (piping classes ) is based on due
considerations for any of the combinations of the above factors.

1.4. Materials :
The most commonly used materials for piping are :-

Carbon steel (CS),

Low Temperature Carbon steel (LTCS)

Alloy steel (AS)

Stainless Steel (SS)

Lined Piping (CS)

Non-ferrous Piping etc.


Depending upon the service requirements. Selection and use of materials is governed by
various factors like.

Safety

Suitability

Economy

Availability

1.5. Piping components :


The Piping system in terms of piping materials and specification comprise of various piping
components e.g.

1.5.1 Pipes : Seamless or welded


1.5.2
1.5.3

Flanges : weldneck , slip-on socket weld, screwed, from plate, lap joint, raised face, flat face,
RTJ,male & female, orifice flange etc.
Fittings : Butt weld. Socket weld , screwed or flanged fittings e.g.
-

450 and 900 elbows

Concentric and eccentric reducers and swages

Equal and Unequal tees

Crosses

Half coupling

Coupling (Full)

Weldolet

Sockolet

Branch connection

1.5.4

Reinforced branch connection


Caps

Plugs

Unions

Nipples etc.

Valves.
Various types of valves and their end connections are as follows :Flanged. Socket weld. Butt weld, or screwed valves used in the Process plant are.
-

Gate

Globe

Check

Butterfly

Ball

Plug

Float

Niddle

3 Way

4 Way

Special valves

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